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UNIVERSITY  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 
LIBRARY 


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HISTORY 


WORCESTER 


WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION. 


BY 


ABIJAH   P.    MARVIN, 

AUTHOR  OF  THE   "HISTORY  OF  WINCHENDON. 


"  The  world  will  little  note,  nor  long  remember,  what  we  say  here ;  but  it  can  never  forget  what 
they  did  here."  —  Abraham  Lincoln,  at  Gettysburg. 


WORCESTER: 
PUBLISHED    BY    THE    AUTHOR. 

1870. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1870, 

By  ABIJAH   P.  MARVIN, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


INTRODUCTION 


The  origin  of  this  work  may  be  stated  in  few  words.  In 
the  early  autumn  of  last  year,  I  consulted  several  gentlemen 
of  this  city  in  relation  to  a  history  of  Worcester  during  the 
late  civil  war.  I  found  that,  in  the  opinion  of  these  gentle- 
men, some  of  whom  were  prominent  as  military  veterans, 
such  a  work  was  very  desirable  ;  that  it  ought  to  be  prepared 
immediately  while  the  actors  in  the  contest  were  alive  to  give 
correct  information ;  and  that  all  those  who  might  be  con- 
sidered competent  to  do  the  work,  were  otherwise  employed. 
Several  were  pleased  to  speak  words  of  encouragement  to  me 
in  relation  to  the  undertaking.  Having  had  some  experience 
in  writing  local  history,  and  finding  pleasure  in  the  employ- 
ment, I  concluded  to  begin  the  volume  which  is  now  com- 
pleted. And  I  gratefully  add  that  the  gentlemen  already 
referred  to,  and  others  with  whom  the  preparation  of  this  his- 
tory has  brought  me  into  occasional  intercourse,  have  con- 
stantly given  me  the  favor  of  their  encouragement,  and  when 
sought  for,  the  aid  of  their  suggestions. 

The  design  of  the  work  is  to  give  a  complete  history  of 
Worcester  in  the  war  against  the  rebellion,  from  the  begin- 
ning to  the  close.  Such  a  history  should  include  all  that  was 
done  at  home,  as  well  as  in  the  field,  in  aiding  the  general 
government  to  suppress  the  rebellion.  The  history  of  one 
regiment,  or  of  twenty  regiments,  however  full  and  particular, 


4  INTRODUCTION. 

would  not  be  a  history  of  Worcester.  There  was  a  peculiar 
life  at  home,  as  well  as  in  the  camp  and  on  the  battle-field. 
It  was  this  home  life  and  action  which  sent  successive  regi- 
ments to  the  war,  filled  their  broken  ranks,  and  encouraged 
them  to  see  the  end  of  the  contest  in  the  overthrow  of  the 
rebellion.  This  home  life  in  the  time  of  war,  was  ever 
expressing  itself  in  the  pulpit,  on  the  platform,  through  the 
press,  by  the  associated  labor  of  ladies,  and  amid  all  the  vari- 
eties of  social  and  business  activity.  This  history  was  designed 
therefore  to  embrace  the  life  of  Worcester  at  home  and  in  the 
field,  during  the  entire  period  of  the  war. 

The  plan  of  the  work  was  arranged  to  carry  out  the  design 
in  the  most  lucid  order.  This  was  a  matter  of  much  thought 
and  consultation.  The  first  idea  was  to  give  a  connected 
narrative  of  events  and  doings  at  home,  during  the  whole  four 
years  and  more,  while  the  contest  lasted,  and  then  follow  with 
a  separate  history  of  each  regiment  which  was  organized  in 
Worcester,  during  its  whole  term  of  service.  It  was  finally 
considered  wisest  to  proceed  by  annual  periods.  I  have 
therefore,  in  the  first  five  chapters,  related  the  history  of  the 
first  year  of  the  war,  including  the  organization  of  troops,  and 
their  conduct  in  actual  warfare.  Then  the  history  of  matters 
pertaining  to  the  war  at  home,  during  the  year  1862,  is  nar- 
rated at  some  length.  This  is  followed  by  a  narrative  of  the 
action  of  each  regiment  which  represented  the  city  in  the  war, 
during  the  same  year.  And  thus  the  work  proceeds  to  the 
close  of  the  war.  Then  comes  the  news  of  victory,  and  the 
glad  manifestations  of  joy  that  the  nation  was  preserved  in  its 
integrity,  and  forever  purged  from  the  foul  plague  of  slavery. 
The  extraordinary  and  heart-felt  lamentations  over  the  mar- 
tyred president,  Mr.  Lincoln,  demanded  ample  space.     Here, 


INTRODUCTION.  5 

Strictly  speaking,  the  history  of  the  part  which  Worcester  bore 
in  the  war,  came  to  a  close ;  but  the  remaining  two  hundred 
pages  could  not  be  omitted,  nor  condensed.  The  State  Guard 
played  an  important  part  during  the  contest,  and  had  a  fair 
claim  to  all  the  space  accorded  to  it.  The  vast  and  most 
beneficent  work  of  the  patriotic  women  of  Worcester, 
deserves  a  more  full  and  particular  recital.  Their  sympathy 
was  a  constant  inspiration  to  their  fathers,  husbands,  sons  and 
brothers,  who  stood  by  the  flag  when  death  made  wild  havoc 
around  them.  The  cost  of  the  war  needed  to  be  told  to  the 
generations  to  come,  that  they  may  have  a  just  conception  of 
the  price  paid  for  the  unity  and  purity  of  the  magnificent  em- 
pire they  will  inherit.  It  was  most  fitting  that  a  tribute 
should  be  paid  to  our  fallen  heroes,  although  no  eulogy  could 
do  them  justice.  And  the  Roll  of  Honor,  which  includes  all 
the  officers  and  men  who  were  credited  to  Worcester,  could 
not  be  left  out  without  doing  injustice  to  every  man  who 
periled  his  life  in  the  "  high  places  of  the  field."  The  necessity 
of  the  case  has  compelled  me  to  add  eighty  pages  to  the  work 
beyond  the  five  hundred  promised  in  the  prospectus,  on  which 
the  price  of  the  volume  was  based  ;  but  impelled  by  a  desire 
to  make  the  history  complete,  I  have  freely  incurred  the  in- 
creased expense,  with  little  hope  of  an  adequate  return. 

My  sources  of  information  have  been  various.  The 
Reports  of  the  Adjutant-General  have  supplied  the  essential 
facts  given  in  the  several  regimental  histories.  The  Daily 
Spy,  the  proprietors  of  which  have  kindly  given  me  free  access 
to  their  files,  and  the  Palladiiun,  complete  copies  of  which 
for  the  five  years  of  the  war,  were  liberally  presented  to  me 
by  the  publisher,  have  furnished  ample  information  in  regard 
to  war  matters  both  at  home,  and  in  the  service.     The  files 


O  INTRODUCTION, 

of  the  Transcript  and  the  ^gis  have  been  consulted.  Mr. 
Haven,  the  Hbrarian  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  and 
Mr.  Barton,  his  assistant,  by  their  unfailing  kindness  and  cour- 
tesy, have  made  every  visit  to  the  Hall  a  pleasure,  while  their 
abundant  store  of  periodicals,  pamphlets  and  manuscripts,  have 
been  freely  used.  Mr.  Nathaniel  Paine,  during  the  progress 
of  the  contest,  made  cuttings  from  the  papers  of  the  day, 
which  covered  everything  relating  to  Worcester  in  the  war. 
These  were  generously  placed  at  my  disposal.  Mr.  Smith,  the 
city  clerk,  Mr.  Wheeler,  the  treasurer,  and  Major  Stone,  pro- 
vost marshal  for  the  Eighth  District,  have  rendered  material 
aid.  The  leading  officers  in  the  war  from  this  city,  have  given 
very  valuable  information.  The  history  of  each  regiment  has 
been  read  to  the  commanding  officer,  when  practicable  ;  when 
not,  to  some  other  officer.  Generals  Devens,  Sprague,  Pickett, 
Lincoln  and  Goodell  ;  Colonel  Joslin,  Major  Raymond,  Major 
Harlow,  and  Captain  Thompson,  have  imparted  much  informa- 
tion, either  oral  or  documentary.  To  the  four  gentlemen  first 
named,  I  am  under  special  obligations.  Much  of  the  fullness 
and  accuracy  of  this  volume  are  due  to  them.  These  things 
are  not  said  for  the  purpose  of  shifting  responsibility  for  the 
correctness  of  the  history  from  myself  There  are  errors  and 
mistakes,  of  course.  Such  defects  are  unavoidable  where  so 
large  a  number  of  events  and  actors  are  described  and  named. 
Probably  mistakes  of  judgment  will  also  be  found.  But  the 
candid  reader  is  requested  to  consider  the  difficulty  —  the 
impossibility,  even  —  of  attaining  perfect  accuracy  in  a  work  of 
this  kind.  It  will  be  found  that  the  "  Record  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Volunteers,"  published  by  the  adjutant-general,  under 
State  authority,  is  not  free  from  errors,  though  prepared  with 
the  utmost  care. 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

The  inherent  difficulties  of  the  work  were  almost 
insurmountable.  It  is  quite  impossible  to  preserve  strict 
unity  of  subject  in  a  work  of  this  kind.  In  the  case  of  a  war 
between  two  cities,  like  Athens  and  Sparta,  there  is  complete 
unity  of  action,  and  the  narrative  of  the  struggle  would  have 
historic  unity.  But  in  the  late  war,  Worcester  was  but  a 
municipality,  and  its  action  was  mingled  with  that  of  the 
Commonwealth  in  support  of  the  Union.  City,  state  and 
national  officials  were  engaged  in  doing  the  same  thing. 
Then  the  unity  of  our  martial  history  was  broken  into  frag- 
ments by  the  fact  that  our  men  were  scattered  through  so 
many  different  regiments.  They  were  united  in  different 
brigades,  divisions  and  corps,  and  sent  to  widely  distant 
parts  of  the  country.  Some  fought  in  one  battle,  and  some 
in  another  a  thousand  miles  asunder.  This  being  the  case,  I 
concluded  to  secure  as  much  unity  amid  diversity  as  possible 
by  giving  the  action  of  the  city  and  the  citizens  at  home,  for 
a  year,  and  then  following  the  different  bodies  of  the  soldiers 
to  their  respective  fields  of  service.  The  result  is  left  to  the 
judgment  of  a  discriminating  but  indulgent  public. 

The  engravings,  which  add  so  much  to  the  beauty  and 
value  of  the  volume  have  been  furnished  by  friends,  since  the 
limited  circulation  of  a  local  history  would  not  warrant  the 
publisher  in  obtaining  them.  No  portraits  have  been  inserted 
except  of  gentlemen  intimately  connected  with  the  history  of 
Worcester  in  the  war.  With  regard  to  the  officers  and  sol- 
diers whose  pictures  adorn  these  pages,  there  will  be  no  ques- 
tion. It  was  obviously  proper  to  give  the  portraits  of  the 
mayors  of  the  city  during  the  contest.  Mr.  Bullock  had  a 
quasi-official  relation  to  the  war,  as  the  representative  of  the 
city  for  three  successive  years  in  the  chair  of  the  Speaker  of 


8  INTRODUCTION. 

the  House  of  Representatives,  and  from  the  fact,  that,  by  unan- 
imous consent  of  his  party,  he  was  gubernatov  designates  ere 
the  war  closed.  Judge  Allen  had  more  influence  in  shaping 
events  which  led  the  North  to  resist  the  demands  of  the 
South,  and  so  in  giving  character  to  the  contest,  than  any 
man  in  the  city,  if  not  in  the  State.  Besides,  he  was  one  of 
the  delegates  appointed  by  Governor  Andrew  to  the  conven- 
tion held  in  Washington  in  the  early  part  of  i86i,to  devise 
means,  if  possible,  to  avert  disunion.  The  spirit  and  activity 
of  the  venerable  Governor  Lincoln,  in  support  of  the  govern- 
ment, when  his  great  age  is  considered,  were  wonderful.  As 
the  "  most  venerable  and  distinguished  citizen  of  Massachu- 
setts," living  at  the  close  of  the  war,  his  face  will  be  greeted 
here  by  all  with  respectful  favor.  The  portraits  of  several 
brave  and  faithful  officers  will  be  missed  by  many  who  open 
these  pages.  It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  they  are  not  here, 
but  all  suitable  efforts  to  obtain  them  were  unavailing. 

With  these  remarks,  I  commit  this  volume,  the  preparation 
of  which  has  been  a  very  agreeable  occupation,  to  the  kind 
consideration  of  the  citizens  of  Worcester,  with  the  hope  that 
it  will  find  a  hospitable  reception  in  many  homes. 

A.    P.    MARVIN. 

Worcester,  November,  1870. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER   I. 

THE  UPRISING   OF   THE  PEOPLE. 


Attack  on  Fort  Sumter,  page  17  ;  Reception  of  the  news  in  Worcester,  18;  City 
Guards,  18 ;  Light  Infantry,  19 ;  Meeting  in  City  Hall,  19 ;  Election  of 
officers,  20;  Breakfast  for  the  Light  Infantry,  21  ;  Affecting  incident,  21; 
Departure  of  the  Infantry,  21  ;  Names  of  the  Infantry,  22  ;  City  Guards, 
23 ;  Action  of  the  Banks,  23  ;  Action  of  the  City  Council,  23  ;  Emmet 
Guards,  23  ;  Soldiers'  weddings,  24  ;  "  Red,  white  and  blue,"  24 ;  Action 
of  the  physicians,  25  ;  The  Oread  flag,  25  ;  Third  Battalion  Rifles,  26 ; 
City  Guards,  27 ;  Holden  Rifles,  28 ;  Emmet  Guards,  29 ;  Speech  of 
Mayor  Davis,  30;  Dr.  Hill's  prayer,  30  ;  Remarks  of  Major  Devens,  31 ; 
Presents  to  soldiers,  31;  Address  of  Mr.  Hoar,  32 ;  Reply  of  Adjutant 
Goodhue,  32 ;  Farewell  meeting  of  the  Emmet  Guards,  33  ;  Departure 
of  the  Third  Battalion,  33,  34. 


CHAPTER  II. 

PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT. 

The  Pulpit  on  the  War,  35  ;  Address  of  Dr.  Hill,  36  ;  Discourse  of  Mr.  Rich- 
ardson, 38 ;  Influence  of  the  Press,  38  -  40 ;  The  Platform,  public  meet- 
ing, 41 ;  Activity  of  the  ladies,  42  ;  Articles  sent  to  the  soldiers  by  Major 
Hall,  43  ;  Soldier's  letter,  44 ;  Flag-raising,  45  ;  First  New  Hampshire 
Regiment,  46 ;  Home  Guards,  47 ;  Military  companies,  47 ;  Incidents,  48. 

CHAPTER  III. 

THE  LIGHT   INFANTRY   IN   THE   FIELD. 

The  Light  Infantry  in  the  Capitol,  49  ;  Letter  from  Dexter  Parker,  50 ;  Reli- 
gious services  in  the  Senate  Chamber,  51 ;  Life  in  the  camp,  52  ;  Out  in  the 
storm,  53 ;  Patriotic  ladies  of  Elk  Ridge  Valley,  54 ;  March  to  Federal 
Hill,  55;  Visits  and  presents  from  home,  56;  Scouting,  57;  More 
visitors,  58 ;  Presentation  of  banners,  59 ;  Time  expired,  59 ;  Voting  to 
stay,  60 ;  Receptions  in  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  and  Worcester,  61 ; 
Collation  on  Boston  Common,  61  ;  Ovation  at  Lowell,  61  ;  Welcome 
home,  62. 


10  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

CAMPAIGN  OF  THE   THIRD  BATTALION  RIFLES. 

Greeting  on  the  route,  and  reception  in  New  York,  64 ;  Arrival  at  Annapolis,  65  ; 
"  Overcoats,"  66 ;  "  Bayonets  that  think,"  67  ;  Sunday  in  camp,  68 ;  Arrest 
of  a  soldier,  68;  Life  in  Fort  McHenry,  70;  Fourth  of  July,  71  ;  First 
death,  71  ;  Expeditions,  72  ;  Patriotism  of  the  battalion,  73  ;  Return  home 
and  reception,  74 ;  Letter  of  Colonel  Devens,  75  ;  Extract  from  the  Spy, 
76;  Report  of  the  surgeon,  77. 


CHAPTER  V. 

ORGANIZATION   OF  THE  FIFTEENTH,   TWENTY-FIRST   AND   TWENTY-FIFTH 

REGIMENTS. 

Abolition  of  slavery,  79;  Funeral  of  Senator  Douglass,  79;  First  camp  in  Wor- 
cester, 80  ;  Sunday  in  Camp  Scott,  81  ;  Routine  of  the  Camp,  82  ;  Bon- 
fires and  flags,  82  ;  Reading  for  the  soldiers,  83  ;  Speech  of  Mr.  Hoar,  84  ; 
Departure  of  the  Fifteenth,  86  ;  Camp  Lincoln,  87  ;  Sabbath  service  in  the 
camp,  88 ;  Visits  to  the  camp,  89  ;  Address  of  Mr.  Bullock,  90 ;  Departure 
of  the  Twenty-first ;  Address  of  Dr.  Cheever,  92;  War  meeting,  94-97 
Presentations  to  officers,  98  ;  Services  in  the  Old  South,  99  ;  A  Teutonic 
Speech,  100;  Party  in  Salem  Street  Church,  loi ;  Address  of  Governor 
Andrew  loi ;  Farewell  to  the  Twenty-fifth,  102  ;  Patriotic  boys,  104;  Fast 
Day  services,  105,  106. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE   FIFTEENTH    AT   BALL'S   BLUFF. 

Camp  Foster,  107 ;  Letters  from  the  camp,  108,  109 ;  Scouting  by  Captain  Phil- 
brick,  no;  Driving  rebel  pickets,  no;  Opening  of  the  battle  of  Ball's 
Bluff,  III;  Fearful  position  of  our  men,  112;  Terrific  fighting,  113;  Passing 
the  Potomac,  114;  Chaplain  Scandlin,  115;  Noble  conduct  of  the  regi- 
ment, 116;  Fame  of  Colonel  Devens,  117;  Incidents  of  the  battle,  118; 
Sufferings  of  the  soldiers,  119;  Thanksgiving  discourses,  120;  War 
meeting  in  the  City  Hall,  121 ;  Everett  and  Dickinson,  121  ;  Letters 
from  Ball's  Bluff,  122,  123. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

SECOND   YEAR   OF   THE   WAR   AT   HOME. 

Inaugural  Address  of  Mayor  Aldrich,  124;  Extract  from  Milton,  125  ;  Captured 
rebel  flags,  126;  The  O'Neils,  127;  Rapid  volunteering,  128;  Major 
Pratt's  battalion,  129;  Great  war  meeting  in  Mechanics  Hall,  130 ;  Boun- 
ties by  the  city,  131  ;  Bounties  by  individuals,  132;  Voice  of  the  pulpit. 


CONTENTS,  1 1 

132 ;  Immense  meeting  on  the  Common,  133  ;  Meeting  in  Mechanics  Hall, 
134'  135  ;  Thirty-fourth  Regiment,  136  ;  Presentation  of  a  flag  to  the 
Thirty-fourth,  137  ;  Roster  of  the  regiment,  138 ;  Third  Battalion  Rifles, 
138;  War  meeting,  138;  Colors  to  the  Thirty-sixth,  139;  Roster,  139; 
War  meetings,  140 ;  Colored  volunteers,  140 ;  Battle  of  Antietam,  140 ; 
Nomination  of  John  D.  Baldwin,  140  ;  Quota  more  than  full.  War  meet- 
ings. Speech  of  Charles  Sumner,  141;  Flag  for  the  Fifty-first  from  little 
girls, —  Roster  of  the  regiment,  142;  Thanksgiving,  1862,  143;  Annual 
election,  144 ;  "  Blue  and  Gold,"  145. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

SECOND   YEAR  IN   THE   FIELD. 

Illusions  dispersed,  146 ;  Effect  of  Bull  Run  and  Ball's  Bluff,  146 ;  Advantages 
at  the  west,  146 ;  Quality  of  our  soldiers,  147  ;  The  Fifteenth  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  147  ;  At  Yorktown,  and  Camp  Eltham,  148 ;  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks, 
stout  fighting,  149 ;  Fight  at  Savage  Station,  150  ;  The  Fifteenth  cool  and 
brave  under  fire,  151  ;  Praise  from  Generals  Sedgwick  and  Gorman,  151  ; 
Fighting  near  Washington,  152  ;  Battle  of  Antietam,  153  ;  Great  losses  of 
the  regiment,  154;  Winter  quarters  at  Falmouth,  155. — The  Twenty-first 
Regiment,  155;  Its  efficiency  at  Roanoke  Island,  156;  Flag  to  company 
D,  Captain  T.  S.  Foster,  157;  Battle  of  Newbern,  157;  Transported  to 
Acquia  Creek,  158  ;  Bull  Run,  No.  2,  158;  Battle  at  Chantilly,  159;  An- 
tietam, 159;  Losses  in  the  battle  at  Fredericksburg,  160. —  The  Twenty- 
fifth  in  New  York,  161 ;  Poetical  welcome,  162  ;  Scenes  in  the  camp  near 
Annapolis,  163;  Divine  service  and  prayer-meetings,  164;  Bravery  at 
Roanoke  Island,  165  ;  Stiff  fighting  at  Newbern,  166  ;  Capture  of  flags  by 
Captain  O'Neil,  167  ;  Expedidon  to  Trenton,  167  ;  A  sword  to  Colonel 
Upton,  167  ;  Various  expeditions,  168 ;  General  Burnside  commends  the 
Twenty-fifth,  169. —  The  Thirty-fourth  proceeds  to  Alexandria,  169. — The 
Thirty-sixth  campaigning  in  Maryland,  170. —  The  Fifty-first  in  its  first 
expedition,  171. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

WAR   MATTERS   IN    WORCESTER   IN   THE   THIRD   YEAR. 

Business  in  Worcester,  173  ;  Demand  for  labor,  174;  Inaugural  Address  of 
Mayor  Lincoln,  174;  Soldiers  and  bounties,  175;  Costume  promenade, 
brilliant,  175;  Colored  recruits  for  Colonel  Shaw's  Regiment,  175;  Fast 
Day  services,  176;  Rejoicing  over  Gettysburg  and  Vicksburg,  176;  Draft- 
ing, 177;  Efforts  to  raise  troops,  178;  Public  meeting,  179;  Rev.  Mr. 
Souther  a  bright  example,  180;  Immense  meeting  in  Mechanics  Hall,  180; 
Slavery  a  foul  blot,  181  ;  The  crusader's  talisman,  181  ;  Other  war  meet- 
ings, 182  ;  Bold  Roman  citizen,  183  ;  The  nature  of  the  war,  183  ;  More 
war  meetings,  184;  Speeches  of  Judge  Barton  and  General  Devens,  1S5- 
187  ;  Enlistments,  187. 


12  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER   X. 

THIRD   YEAR.  —  SIX   REGIMENTS    IN   ACTIVE   SERVICE. 

Progress  of  the  war,  i88;  Advance   of  public  opinion,  iS8 ;     Tlie  Fifteenth  at 
Fredericksburg,    189 ;  Marchings   in   rain  and  heat,   190 ;    Hastening  to 
Gettysburg,  191  ;    Severe  fighting  on   the  second   and  third  days  of  the 
battle,  192 ;   Tracking  the  rebels,  193  ;    Severe  marches  in  Virginia,  193  ; 
Watching  for  a  fight,    194  ;  Fight   near   Bristow   Station,    195  ;  Winter 
quarters  after  incessant  struggle.  —  The  Twenty-first  in  Kentucky,  197  ; 
Action  at  Blue  Springs,    198 ;    Brilliant  service  in  East  Tennessee,  198  ; 
Siege  of  Knoxville,    199  ;   Terrible  slaughter  of  the  rebels,  199  ;  Re-enlist- 
ments, 200.  —  The  Twenty-fifth  in  North  Carolina,    200 ;    Whipping    the 
rebels,  201  ;  Expedition  to    Deep    Gully,   202  ;    Fatiguing  service,  203  ; 
Skirmishing,  204 ;  March  to  Wiuton,  205  ;  Proceed  to  Newport   News, 
206 ;  Furlough,  2o5 ;  Forced  march   to  Bottom's  Bridge,  Excellent  con- 
duct of  the  soldiers  207. — The  Thirty-fourth  finely  drilled,  208;  Stationed 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  209  ;  Smart  fight  near  Berrysville,  209 ;  Escape  from 
Early,    210.  —  The  Thirty-sixth  off  for  Kentucky,  211;    Long  marches, 
212;  Transferred  to  Vicksburg;  212;  Pursuit  of  Johnston,  212  ;  Terrible 
sufferings  in  Mississippi,  213  ;  Fighting  near  Knoxville,  213  ;  Skirmishing 
and  fighting,  214;  Siege  —  suffering  —  pluck,  215. — The  Fifty-first  skir- 
mishing, 216;  Sickness,  216;  Gunboat  Hussar,  217  ;  Termof  service,  217; 
Sailing  for  Virginia,  218 ;  Thence  to   Baltimore,  219;  Rebels  would  not 
fight,  220  ;    Reception  in  Worcester,  221.  —  The  Forty-second,   222;  Op- 
erating in  Louisiana,  223.  —  The   Fiftieth,    Company  I,  Captain  Powers, 
224 ;  Siege  of  Port  Hudson,  225  ;  Passage  home,  226. 


CHAPTER    XL 

FOURTH   YEAR   IN    WORCESTER.  —  RE-ENLISTMENTS. 

Victories  east  and  west,  227  ;  Views  of  Dr.  Sweetser,  228 ;  Appeal  of  Mayor 
Lincoln,  228 ;  Public  meeting  in  Mechanics  Hall,  Sunday  evening,  — 
Address  of  Judge  Allen,  229 ;  Influence  of  the  press,  230 ;  Resolution 
by  Hon.  J.  D.  Baldwin,  231;  State  Guard  and  Mr.  Souther,  232  ;  Re- 
ception of  furloughed  men  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  232  ;  Resignation  of  Chap- 
lain James,  232  ;  Swords  to  Captain  Tucker  and  Lieutenant  Goodwin, 
233  ;  Reception  of  the  Twenty-first,  234;  Speeches  of  Colonels  Clark  and 
Hawkes,  235  ;  Address  by  Mr.  Bullock,  236;  Losses  of  the  regiment,  236; 
No  whiskey  rations,  236  ;  Colonel  Sprague  joins  the  Second  Heavy  Artil- 
lery, 236  ;  Reception  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  237  ;  Addresses  by  Messrs.  Davis, 
Pickett,  and  Upton,  238;  The  Twenty-first  and  Twenty-fifth  return  to  the 
field,  239 ;  George  Thompson  in  Mechanics  Hall,  239 ;  Flags  for  the 
Twenty-first  and  Fifty-seventh,  239  ;  Annual  Fast,  239 ;  Presents  to  Mr. 
Souther,  and  State  colors  for  the  Fifty-seventh,  240;  Roster  of  the 
Fifty-seventh,  240 ;  Freedom  Club,  241  ;  Three  months'  troops,  241  ;  Large 
bounties,  242 ;  Escape  of  Colonel  Lincoln,  242 ;  Thanks  for  success,  242  ; 


CONTENTS.  13 

Dale  Hospital,  242  ;  Full  quota,  243  ;  Sermons  before  election,  243  ;  Dis- 
course by  Rev,  H.  T.  Cheever,  244. 


CHAPTER   XII. 

FOURTH   YEAR.  —  THE    WILDERNESS.  —  THE   MINE. 

Resources  of  the  North,  245  ;  The  Fifteenth  on  the  Rapidan,  246 ;  Meade  and 
Grant,  246;  The  Wilderness  campaign,  247  ;  The  regiment  reduced  to  a 
platoon,  247 ;  The  fragments  welcomed  home,  248 ;  The  procession  and 
collation,  249. — The  Twenty-first  moved  from  East  Tennessee  to  Virginia, 
250 ;  Charge  upon  the  rebels,  251;  Fighting  at  Spottsylvania,  252;  Pass- 
ing the  James  River,  253  ;  Battles,  heat,  dust,  253  ;  Dying  heroes,  254  ; 
The  "  Mine,"  255  ;  Saving  the  "  silken  rags,"  255 ;  Return  of  the  regi- 
ment, after  twenty-three  battles,  256. —  The  Twenty-fifth  moved  from 
North  Carolina  to  Virginia,  257;  Fight  at  Port  Walthall,  257  ;  Defeat  of 
the  Twenty-fifth  South  Carolina  Regiment,  258;  Drury's  Bluff,  259;  Cold 
Harbor,  260 ;  Time  expired,  261  ;  An  honorable  record,  262. —  The 
Thirty-fourth  at  Harper's  Ferry,  262  ;  Battle  of  Newmarket,  263  ;  Colonel 
Lincoln  wounded,  264 ;  Captain  Bacon  killed,  264 ;  Battle  of  Piedmont, 
265  ;  Marching  and  fighting,  265  ;  Battle  of  Winchester,  266,  267  ;  Fisher's 
Hill,  268  ;  Death  of  Major  Pratt,  269  ;  Spoils,  269  ;  Cedar  Creek,  269  ;  Sec- 
ond battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  270;  Removal  to  James  River,  271  ;  Nine  bat- 
tles. — The  Thirty-sixth  leave  East  Tennessee  for  Virginia,  272 ;  Colonel 
Goodell's  wounds,  273  ;  In  the  Wilderness,  273  ;  Four  months  of  fighting, 
273-275  ;  Pegram  Farm,  Fort  Rice,  Losses  of  the  regiment,  275. — The  Fifty- 
seventh  plunges  into  the  Wilderness,  and  fights  at  Spottsylvania,  277  ;  Over 
the  James  to  Petersburg,  278  ;  The  "  Crater,"  279 ;  Actions  near  the  Wel- 
don  railroad,  280  ;  Marching  in  snow,  sleet  and  rain,  281  ;  Remnants  of 
the  Fifteenth,  Twenty-first  and  Twenty-fifth  regiments,  doing  good  service, 
281-283  ;  Men  in  various  regiments,  284.  —  The  Twenty-eighth  fought  in 
many  battles,  286. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

CLOSING   CAMPAIGN. —  RETURN   OF   THE   TROOPS. 

Triumph  on  land  and  sea,  287  ;  Mayor  Ball's  address,  288  ;  Freedom  Club,  288  ; 
Funeral  of  Mr.  Everett,  289 ;  Fourteenth  Amendment,  289  ;  Flag  for  Dale 
Hospital,  290  ;  Inauguration  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  290 ;  The  Fifteenth,  Twen- 
tieth, Twenty-first  and  Twenty-fifth  Regiments,  291-293.— The  Thirty- 
fourth  at  Battery  Gregg,  294 ;  Fighting  to  the  last,  295  ;  Return  home, 
296.  —The  Thirty-sixth  chasing  Lee,  297-298.— The  Fifty-seventh  sees  the 
end  of  the  rebellion,  299. —  The  Second  Heavy  Artillery,  300-303. —  The 
Fourth  Heavy  Artillery  at  Washington,  303.— The  First  Battalion  Heavy 
Artillery  at  Fort  Warren,  304.— The  Second  Cavalry  under  Sheridan, 
304-308.— The  Fourth  Cavalry  holds  Lee  at  bay,  310.— The  Fifth  Cavalry 
in  Virginia  and  Texas. 


14  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  DEVENS. 

Early  history,  313;  Thomas  Sims,  314;  General  Devens  at  Williamsburg,  315; 
At  Fair  Oaks,  315;  Wounded,  316  ;  At  Antietam,  317;  Nominated  for 
governor,  318 ;  At  Fredericksburg,  318;  Commands  a  division  at  Chan- 
cellorsville,  319;  Wounded  again,  320;  Commands  the  draft  reserves, 
321 ;  In  the  field  again  in  1864,  at  Arrowfield  Church  and  Cold  Harbor, 
322  ;  Confined  by  sickness,  322  ;  First  to  enter  Richmond,  324 ;  Major- 
General  by  brevet,  324;  Commands  the  district  of  Charleston,  324;  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court,  325. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

CLOSE   OF   THE   WAR. —  REJOICING. —  FOURTH   OF  JULY. 

Petersburg  and  Richmond  evacuated,  326  ;  Rejoicing  in  Worcester,  327  ;  Illumi- 
nation, 328 ;  Surrender  of  Lee,  —  bells  and  bonfires,  329 ;  Processions  and 
illuminations,  330;  View  from  the  Common,  331 ;  Fourth  of  July,  332  ; 
Decorations,  333  ;  Arches,  334;  Dwellings  and  stores  decorated,  335-336  ; 
The  procession,  337-340 ;  The  Emblems,  341 ;  Flags  flying,  342  ;  Dinner 
and  speeches,  343-346  ;  The  Schools,  347-349 ;  Trade  Representations, 
349-351  ;  The  illuminations,  351. 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

DEATH   OF   PRESIDENT   LINCOLN. 

Providential  fast,  353-355  ;  Mr.  Banvard's  prayer,  357 ;  Mayor  Ball's  address, 
358 ;  Mourning  in  Mechanics  Hall,  359  ;  Solemn  music  and  sacred  hymns, 
360  ;  Mourning  in  the  churches,  362  ;  Funeral  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  364 ;  Poem 
"In  Memoriam,"  365;  Tolling  of  the  bells,  366;  Discourses,  367-371  ; 
Action  of  the  Antiquarian  Society,  and  Mr.  Salisbury's  address,  372  ;  Re- 
solves of  the  City  Government,  373  ;  Final  Services  in  the  churches,  375- 
378 ;  Requiem  by  Rev.  Mr.  Huntington,  380  ;  Eulogy  in  Mechanics  Hall, 
379-384;  Choral,  by  Dr.  Holmes,  3S4;  Mr.  Lincoln  a  Christian,  386. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Staff  officers,  3S7-391 ;  Worcester  in  the  Navy,  392-394;  Worcester  soldiers  in 
other  towns  and  states,  395-396  ;  Colored  troops  from  Worcester,  397. 


CONTENTS.  15 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

BENEVOLENCE  OF  WORCESTER  IN  THE   WAR. 

Soldiers'  Relief  Society,  398;  Letter  from  Dr.  Eliot,  400  ;  Stores  and  cash,  401  ; 
Soldiers'  Rest,  403  -  405  ;  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions,  406  ;  Mr. 
E.  M.  Barton  in  field,  camp  and  hospital,  407-411  ;  Visits  to  Soldiers, 
412;  Soldiers  in  prison,  414;  Sufferings,  415-417;  Female  Nurses,  418- 
420 ;  Clara  Barton,  421 ;  Aid  to  Freedmen,  422  -424. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

COMMUTATION.  —  COST  OF  THE  WAR. 

Commutations,  426 ;  Names  of  "  drafted  "  men  who  paid  for  substitutes,  426  ; 
Names  of  "  enrolled  "  men  who  paid  for  substitutes,  426-7 ;  What  the 
war  cost,  428-9. 

CHAPTER  XX. 

THE  GUARDS  —  HOME  AND  STATE, 

The  Light  Infantry  and  City  Guards,  430 ;  The  State  Guard,  431;  Officers  and 
members,  432,  433  ;  Military  funerals,  434  ;  Guarding  the  "  roughs,"  435  ; 
Visit  to  Manchester,  N.  H.,  436 ;  Visit  to  Fitchburg,  437  ;  Present  to  Rev. 
Mr.  Souther,  437 ;  Funeral  of  Dea.  Harris,  437  ;  Celebration  at  Webster 
Park,  438;  Speeches,  flag,  poem,  dinner,  439-444;  Respect  for  Mr. 
Souther,  445  ;  Pleasant  time  at  Springfield,  446 ;  Mr.  Bullock's  letter,  447  ; 
Flag-raising  at  Grant  Square,  448  ;  Call  on  Admiral  Farragut,  449  ;  Re- 
organization of  the  Guard,  449. 


CHAPTER    XXI. 

BIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICES.  —  SOLDIERS'  FUNERALS. 

Poem  —  My  Soldier  Boy,  450 ;  Mr.  Richardson's  memorial  discourse,  451 ;  Amos 
H.  Gilbert,  452;  Lieutenant  Grout,  453-457;  Dr.  Going,  —  Edward  L. 
Barnard,  458 ;  Lieutenant  Spurr,  459  -  462 ;  Solomon  Parsons,  462 ; 
Dr.  Haven,  463-470;  James  Stewart, — Edwin  H.  Bliss,  471;  Charles 
W.  Smith,  —  Eugene  W.  Stratton,  —  Charles  W.  Haven,  472  ;  Henry 
G.  Longley,  —  James  R.  Estey,  473  ;  Charles  H.  Cutting,  —  General 
Boomer,  474  ;  General  Green,  476  ;  Owen  Trainor, — Charles  B.  O'Rourke, 
—  P.  J.  McConville,  478;  Lewis  M.  Brooks, —  John  D.  Mirick, —  Charles 
H.  Boswell,  479  ;  James  Holden, — Francis  M.  Atherton, — William  F.  Gor- 
don,—  Michael  McDonald, —  John  Hines,  480;  John  F.  Bixby,  481;  Colo- 
nel Ward,  482-487  ;  Henry  Goulding,  487 ;  Warren  Collester,  488  ;  Major 
Parker,  489-494  ;  Warren  A.  Alger,  495  ;  Francis  Bacon, — William  B. 
Bacon,  496;  Major  Pratt,   497;  The  Daniels  Brothers,  498;  Lieutenant 


l6  CONTENTS. 

Cheney,  499 ;  George  E.  Barnard,  —  Captain  Gird,  500];  Colonel  Tucker, 
501-503  ;  Charles  S.  Wilder, — Albert  C.  Walker,  504 ;  Dwight  Newbury, — 
Samuel  Souther,  505-507 ;  Captain  O'Neil,  507 ;  Adjutant  McConville, 
508-9;  Lieutenant  Daley,  510;  Corporal  Taft,  510  ;  Captain  Washburn, — 
Lieutenant  Woods,  512;  Charles  W.  Upham, — Dr.  Conant,  513  ;  A,  T. 
Bailey, —  E.  D.  Jordan,  514;  Major  Harkness,  515  ;  Color-bearer  Lewis, 
516;  Soldiers'  Monument,  517. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 

ROLL  OF  HONOR. 

Part  L     Names  of  Officers, 519 

"  II.     Names  of  Soldiers, 525 

INDEX 579 


PORTRAITS. 


General  Devens, Frontispiece. 

Governor  Lincoln, 87 

Generals    Sprague,  Pickett,  Lincoln,  and    Goodellj    Colonel 

JosLiN 161 

Judge  Allen, 229 

Mayors  Davis,  Aldrich,  Lincoln  and  Ball, 343 

Governor  Bullock, 381 

Lieutenants  Grout  and  Spurr  ;   Surgeon  Haven  ;  Frank  W.  and 

George  W.  Wellington, 453 

Colonels  Ward  and  Tucker  ;  Majors  Pratt  and  Parker,       .        .  482 

Plan  of  the  Battle  of  Ball's  Bluff .112 


HISTOEY  or  WOECESTER  IN   THE  ¥AE. 


CHAPTER    I. 

THE  UPRISING  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 

Fort  Sumter  was  attacked  by  the  rebel  forces  under 
General  Beauregard  on  the  twelfth  of  April,  1861,  and  in  the 
course  of  the  next  day  was  rendered  defenseless.  Major 
Anderson,  who  held  command  in  the  fort,  was  forced  to 
surrender,  and  on  the  morning  of  Sunday,  the  fourteenth,  the 
formal  evacuation  took  place.  It  was  known  here  on  Satur- 
day that  the  attack  had  been  made,  and  all  through  the  hours 
of  the  Sabbath  the  hearts  of  the  people  were  oppressed  by 
the  fear  that  Major  Anderson  and  the  brave  men  under  his 
orders  might  not  be  able  to  repel  their  assailants.  At  home, 
in  the  streets,  and  in  the  house  of  God,  the  general  feeling 
found  expression.  As  evening  came  on,  the  news  was  flashed 
over  the  country  that  the  rebels  had  succeeded  in  their  first 
blow  against  the  Union,  and  that  Fort  Sumter  was  not  only 
in  ruins,  but,  what  was  much  harder  to  endure,  in  the  posses- 
sion of  traitors.  A  telegram  was  received  from  Charleston 
saying  :  "  Fort  Sumter  has  unconditionally  surrendered.  The 
news  has  just  come.  General  Chestnut  has  just  landed,  and 
marched  to  Governor  Pickens'  residence  followed  by  a  great 
crowd  with  great  joy.  In  all  two  thousand  shots  have  been 
fired.  No  Carolinians  hurt.  Major  Anderson  and  men  were 
conveyed  under  guard  to  Morris  Island.  The  bells  are  ring- 
ing out  merry  peals.  Our  people  are  engaged  in  every  dem- 
onstration of  joy.     I  have  just  returned  from  a  visit  to  Fort 


16  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Sumter,  and  I  am  assured  that  no  one  was  killed  at  the  Fort. 
This  is  reliable,  and  puts  to  rest  all  reports  about  Sumter. 
Major  Anderson  has  reached  the  city.  Judge  Magrath  has 
just  returned  from  the  Fort,  and  reports  that  the  wood-work 
and  ofificers'  quarters  are  all  burned  ;  none  of  the  officers  were 
wounded.  The  Fort  will  be  taken  possession  of  to-night  by 
the  Confederate  troops.  Great  rejoicing  in  this  city."  Such 
a  startling  event,  reported  in  such  terms  of  insolent  triumph, 
caused  a  general  and  intense  indignation  in  the  city.  "  No- 
body," says  the  Daily  Spy  of  Monday,  April  15,  "'remem- 
bers a  similar  excitement  in  Worcester.  In  the  evening  we 
found  it  necessary  to  print  the  dispatch  in  extras,  which  dis- 
appeared in  the  crowd  as  fast  as  they  could  be  printed  for  sev- 
eral hours.  It  would  have  been  difficult  for  a  stranger  to  tell 
which  of  the  vehement  Union  men  in  the  crowd  were  repub- 
licans, and  which  democrats.  They  all  showed  an  immov- 
able purpose  to  stand  by  the  country,  and  defend  it  to  the  last 
against  traitors  and  all  other  enemies." 

The  next  day,  the  president  of  the  United  States  issued  a 
proclamation,  convoking  Congress  to  assemble  in  extraordi- 
nary session  on  the  ensuing  fourth  of  July,  and  calling  for 
seventy-five  thousand  men  to  take  the  field.  The  governor 
of  Massachusetts  sent  an  order  for  some  of  our  own  compa- 
nies to  prepare  for  immediate  service.  The  excitement  of  the 
preceding  day  was  renewed  and  made  more  intense.  The 
demand  had  come  for  immediate  personal  sacrifice,  but  the 
soldiers  and  their  friends  were  ready  to  meet  the  demands  of 
their  country. 

The  City  Guards,  (Co.  A,  Third  Battalion  Rifles,)  held  a 
meeting  at  their  armory  for  the  election  of  officers.  Brigadier 
General  Ward  presided,  and  Colonel  E.  B.  Stoddard  acted  as 
recording  secretary.  Major  Augustus  B.  R.  Sprague  was 
unanimously  elected  captain,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned 
by  the  promotion  of  General  George  H.  Ward.  He  declined, 
and  Colonel  John  M.  Goodhue  was  chosen,  who  also  declined. 
Enough  volunteers  appeared  and  were  enrolled,  to  fill  up  the 
ranks. 


UPRISING    OF    THE    PEOPLE.  I9 

The  Light  Infantry  met  for  drill,  with  full  ranks,  and  were 
alive  with  patriotic  enthusiasm.  Hon.  Dexter  F.  Parker 
addressed  the  soldiers  and  a  large  number  of  citizens  who 
were  present.  He  left  for  Washington  the  same  evening, 
intending  to  join  the  company  there  if  ordered  into  service. 
The  Infantry  voted  unanimously  to  tender  themselves  as  an 
escort  to  the  City  Guards,  on  their  departure  for  Boston. 
The  event  proved,  however,  that  they  were  to  be  ordered  to 
Boston,  while  the  Guards  went  direct  to  the  seat  of  war. 
The  National  Band  also  offered  their  services  for  the  occa- 
sion. The  Emmet  Guards  had  previously  tendered  their 
services  to  the  president,  whenever  they  might  be  needed. 
The  commissioned  officers  of  the  Third  Battalion  Rifles  met 
at  the  armory  of  Co.  A,  in  the  evening,  (General  Ward  pre- 
siding, and  Major  Sprague  acting  as  recording  officer,)  when 
General  Charles  Devens,  Jr.,  was  unanimously  elected  Major. 

On  Tuesday  evening,  the  sixteenth,  the  City  Hall  was 
crowded  by  the  citizens,  who  met  to  take  some  action  in  re- 
lation to  the  volunteer  mihtia  of  the  city.  Hon.  Rejoice 
Newton  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and  proposed  the  Mayor, 
Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  as  chairman.  Mr.  Davis,  after  the  ap- 
plause following  the  announcement  of  his  name  had  subsided, 
said  that  there  should  be  but  one  sentiment  now.  All 
must  unite  in  sustaining  the  government,  and  in  subduing 
the  rebellion.  Hon.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton,  thought  the  time 
had  come  for  action.  After  a  brief  speech,  full  of  noble, 
patriotic  thoughts  and  sentiments,  he  moved  the  following 
resolution  :  — 

Resolved,  That  the  Mayor  be  requested  to  convene  the  City  Council, 
and  to  ask  that  body  to  make  an  appropriation  of  a  sum  not  less  than 
$3,000,  in  aid  of  the  families  of  such  of  the  troops  of  the  city  as  have 
been,  or  may  hereafter  be,  called  into  the  service  of  the  country. 

Colonel  Putnam  W.  Taft  and  Rev.  Dr.  Alonzo  Hill  sup- 
ported the  resolution  with  earnest  and  patriotic  remarks. 
The  Hon.  Alexander  H.  Bullock  was  greeted  with  applause 
when  he  came  forward,  and  often  in  the  course  of  an  elo- 
quent speech.     He  said :  "  Under  no  circumstances  will  there 


20  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

be  a  yielding  to  submission  and  disgrace.  Better  that  the 
earth  should  engulf  us  than  to  yield  our  capital  to  the  rebels 
who  would  seize  it."  Major  Devens  was  called  for,  and  made 
an  earnest,  patriotic  appeal  to  the  young  men  to  come  for- 
ward and  sustain  the  honor  of  their  country's  flag.  Dr. 
Merrick  Bemis,  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  Esq.,  and  Colonel  E.  B. 
Stoddard  spoke  in  favor  of  an  appropriation  by  the  city. 
Lewis  Lewisson  offered  to  subscribe  $20.  Rev,  T.  W. 
Higginson  was  called  out,  and  said  that  the  time  for  action 
had  come.  He  spoke  of  the  unanimity  among  all  classes  in 
support  of  the  government.  M.  J.  McCafferty,  Esq.,  referred 
to  the  duty  of  all  classes  without  regard  to  political  or  re- 
ligious distinctions,  to  stand  by  the  government  ;  he  highly 
praised  the  two  companies  which  were  about  to  leave,  and 
hoped  the  Emmet  Guards  would  soon  be  called  into  service, 
who  would  be  ready  to  leave  at  a  moment's  notice. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  D.  W.  Lincoln,  the  resolution  was 
modified  by  inserting  ^4,000,  and  by  adding  the  following 
words :  "  and  to  provide  uniforms  and  supplies  for  such 
members  of  the  company  as  may  need  them." 

According  to  the  papers  of  the  day,  "  the  meeting  was 
unanimous,  hearty  and  enthusiastic.  All  shades  of  opinion 
were  represented,  and  for  the  first  time  within  memory, 
Worcester  was  a  unit  on  a  great  political  subject." 

Orders  were  received  by  the  Light  Infantry  in  the 
evening  of  Tuesday  to  enter  into  immediate  service.  The 
ranks  of  the  company  were  full,  and  officers  and  men  were 
in  all  respects  in  excellent  condition  for  instant  action. 

The  same  evening  the  City  Guards  met,  and  chose  the 
Second  Lieutenant,  Josiah  Pickett,  Captain  ;  Samuel  Hatha- 
way, First  Lieutenant ;  George  C.  Joslin,  Second  Lieuten- 
ant ;  Orson  Moulton,  Third  Lieutenant  ;  and  E.  A.  Hark- 
ness,  Fourth  Lieutenant. 

About  half-past  ten  o'clock,  in  the  midst  of  a  drill. 
Colonel  Wetherell  announced  to  the  Light  Infantry  that 
they  were  ordered  into  service.  The  order  was  enthu- 
siastically received,  and  the   night  was  given  up  to  making 


UPRISING    OF    THE    PEOPLE.  21 

preparations.  About  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  it  was 
determined  not  to  leave  till  ten  o'clock  in  the  forenoon. 
The  hall  was  a  busy  scene,  being  filled  all  night  by  those  who 
were  preparing  to  go,  and  by  their  friends  who  were  helping 
them  off,  or  taking  leave,  perhaps  for  the  last  time.  The 
city  furnished  breakfast ;  and,  at  nine  o'clock,  Rev.  Mr. 
Hagar,  of  the  Episcopal  church,  offered  prayer.  The  long 
procession  left  Horticultural  Hall,  where  the  tables  had 
been  spread,  at  half-past  nine  o'clock,  in  the  following  order  : 
the  National  Band,  the  past  members  of  the  company  to 
the  number  of  about  three  hundred,  the  City  Guards,  and 
the  Light  Infantry.  The  streets  were  lined  with  people, 
including  many  from  neighboring  towns.  Hon.  Isaac  Davis 
addressed  the  soldiers,  saying  that  there  was  a  fine  of  fifty 
dollars  for  refusing  to  march  ;  he  would  therefore  pay  his  fifty 
dollars  now.  Colonel  WilHam  S.  Lincoln  made  a  brief  and 
spirited  address.  The  Hon.  Ichabod  Washburn,  in  behalf 
of  the  Worcester  County  Bible  Society,  presented  the  mem- 
bers of  both  companies  a  pocket  Bible,  which  was  gratefully 
received.  Dr.  Rufus  Woodward  tendered  his  professional 
services  gratuitously  to  the  famihes  of  the  members  of  the 
Infantry  during  their  absence  in  the  public  service. 

An  affecting  and  patriotic  incident  occurred  just  before 
the  moving  of  the  train.  One  of  the  members  was  observed 
weeping.  A  bystander  found,  on  inquiry,  that  the  cause  of 
grief  was  the  necessity  of  such  speedy  departure  from  home. 
He  immediately  took  the  soldier's  place  and  clothes,  sent 
the  money  he  had  saved  and  deposited  in  the  Savings  Bank 
to  his  mother  in  New  York,  and  on  one  hour's  notice  left 
business,  home,  and  friends. 

As  the  train  moved  from  the  station,  the  citizens  greeted 
the  departing  soldiers  with  hearty  cheers.  All  seemed  to 
feel  the  solemnity  of  the  moment,  and  the  importance  of  the 
enterprise.  Those  who  left  might  never  return  ;  those  who 
returned  might  never  find  the  friends  left  at  home  ;  but  all 
were  animated  with  the  spirit  of  self-sacrifice  and  devotion 
to  the  countrv.     The  names  of  the  officers  and  men,  in  this 


22 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


pioneer  company,  will   be  read  with   interest  in  all  coming 

generations.     The  following  is  the  list. 

Harrison  W.  Pratt,  Captain, 
George  W.  Prouty,  First  Lieutenant, 
J.  Waldo  Denny,  Acting  Secotid  Lieutenant. 
Sergeants,  —  Thomas  S.  Washburn,  John  A.  Lovell,  J.  Stuart  Brown, 
Charles  H.  Stratton,  James  A.  Taylor. 

Corporals,  —  Joel  H.  Prouty,  B.  P.  Stowell,  Edward  S.  Stone,  William 
H.  Hobbs. 


PRIVATES. 


C.  F.  Abbott, 
B.  F.  R.  Alden, 
E.  W.  Alden, 
John  W.  Bacon, 
A.  S.  Badsjer, 
David  H.  Ball, 
Thomas  E.  Ballard, 
William  F.  Belser, 
Henry  Bemis, 
Robert  M.  Brainard, 
Joseph  L.  Brown, 
J.  E.  Caligan, 
E.  A.  Campbell, 
E.  C.  Capron, 
Luther  Capron,  Jr., 
Thomas  J.  Casey, 
Joseph  Clissold, 
Thomas  E.  Cogger, 
Moses  W.  Comsett, 
George  H.  Conklin, 
William  Connor, 
David  W.  Corson, 
Marcus  Curtis, 
Charles  E.  Dart, 
John  B.  Dennis, 
Thomas  A.  Doherty, 
Luke  T.  Drury, 
Joseph  Dyson, 
John  Emerson, 
J.  S.  Estabrook, 
Adam  Gurnhardt, 
Rhudolph  A.  Hacker, 
Henry  Handy, 
Ira  B.  Hastings, 
H.  R.  Haven, 
E.  S.  Hay, 
John  Henry, 
Adalbert  D.  V.  Hoar, 
Orlando  Hodgkins, 
George  A.  Houghton, 
Church  Howe, 
George  P.  Johnson, 
J.  Frederic  Kidder, 


John  M.  Knapp, 
Samuel  O.  La  Forest, 
H.  H.  Lawrence, 
William  Lincoln, 
J.  F.  Methven, 
George  F.  Minter, 
C.  A.  Moulton, 
John  F.  Mulcahy, 
Mvron  J.  Newton, 
J.  H.  Nolan, 
Dexter  F.  Parker, 
Edward  B.  Perry, 
William  H.  Piper, 
Elbridge  M.  Rice, 
J.  O.  Rice, 
Calvin  Riggs, 
H.  M.  Ritdiler, 
William  C.  Roundy, 
George  Schwartz, 
James  D.  Shaw, 
Dennis  E.  Sheehan, 
J.  B.  Smith, 
M.  Steif, 
John  W.  Stiles, 
Timothy  Sweeney, 
Thomas  Talbot, 
Edward  P,  Thompson, 
John  Tould, 
Charles  P.  Trumbull, 
Peter  J.  Turner, 
William  H.  Valentine, 
y\lbert  C.  Walker, 
Fred.  Weigand, 
Charles  E.'^Whipple, 
Andrew  J.  Whitcomb, 
Daniel  Wilkins, 
James  Wilkins, 
C.  H.  Wilson, 
John  Wolfe, 
Ira  Woodcock, 
J.  W.  Woodward, 
Silas  E.  Young. 


UPRISING    OF    THE    PEOPLE.  23 

The  City  Guards,  who  were  under  orders  to  be  ready  to 
leave  at  any  moment,  were  in  their  armory  the  greater  part 
of  Wednesday.  Captain  Sprague  having  expressed  his  readi- 
ness to  enter  the  service,  Captain  Pickett  (cordially  con- 
curring in  the  arrangement)  resigned,  and  Mr.  Sprague  was 
immediately  chosen  Captain.  Mr.  Pickett  was  elected  First 
Lieutenant,  in  place  of  Samuel  Hathaway,  who  was  unable 
to  accept.  The  Guards  received  a  large  number  of  valuable 
recruits  in  the  course  of  the  day. 

While  the  soldiers  were  evincing  a  spirit  so  full  of  patriotic 
enthusiasm,  the  banks  and  the  city  authorities  were  providing 
in  another  way  the  "  sinews  of  war."  The  associated  banks 
tendered  to  the  governor  the  sum  of  $300,000  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  government,  to  be  divided  among  th^mpro  rata 
according  to  their  capital.  The  city  council  went  beyond 
the  request  of  the  citizens  in  public  meeting,  but  not  beyond 
their  wishes,  in  offering  the  following  votes,  at  a  meeting  held 
on  the  evening  of  this  day. 

"  fF/i6'ri?rt;j-,  the  president  of  the  United  States  has  made  a  requisition 
for  four  regiments  from  Massachusetts,  and  whereas,  the  governor  of  the 
state  has  designated  the  City  Guards  and  Worcester  Light  Infantry  from 
this  city,  as  a  part  of  those  called  into  the  service  of  the  country ;  and 
whereas,  the  citizens  of  Worcester  at  a  meeting  held  in  the  City  Hall  on 
the  sixteenth  inst.,  unanimously  adopted  the  following  resolution.  [The 
resolution  previously  given  is  here  recited.] 

Wherefore,  Ordered  that  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  carry  into 
effect  said  resolutions  adopted  by  the  citizens,  and  that  the  mayor  be 
autliorized  to  draw  his  warrant  for  such  sums  as  may  be  required  from 
time  to  time,  out  of  any  monies  in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appro- 
priated, not  however  in  all  to  exceed  |i5,ooo." 

At  the  same  time  the  following  action  was  taken  in  rela- 
tion to  the  Emmet  Guards,  thus  placing  them  on  the  same 
footing  as  the  other  two  companies. 

"  Whereas,  It  is  very  probable  that  within  a  few  days  the  Emmet 
Guards  of  this  city  will  be  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  state  to  aid 
in  suppressing  insurrection,  and  defending  their  country's  flag, 

Ordered,  That  the  mayor  be  authorized  to  draw  his  warrant  upon  the 
city  treasurer  for  the  sum  of  $300,  to  be  appropriated  for  the  use  of  said 
company  in  procuring  necessary  equipments  and  outfit." 


24  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

On  the  evening  of  the  eighteenth,  the  Emmet  Guards  met 
at  their  armory.  Having  received  a  charter  constituting 
them  a  part  of  the  regular  militia  of  the  Commonwealth,  as 
Company  D,  Third  Battalion  Rifles,  they  proceeded  to  the 
election  of  officers,  Major  Charles  Devens  presiding,  and 
Samuel  Hathaway  acting  as  recording  officer.  The  following 
persons  were  unanimously  chosen  :  —  Captain,  Michael  S. 
McConville  ;  First  Lieutenant,  Michael  O'Driscoll ;  Second 
Lieutenant,  Matthew  J. McCafferty  ;  Third  Lieutenant,  Thomas 
O'Neil ;   Fourth  Lieutenant,  Morris  Melavan. 

The  friends  of  the  Emmet  Guards,  in  order  to  express 
their  sympathy  for  them  in  this  crisis,  raised  a  subscription 
before  their  departure,  amounting  to  ^675.  Messrs.  Isaac 
Davis,  Harrison  Bliss,  Hugh  Doherty,  and  Reverend  John 
Boyce,  gave  $50  each.  Messrs.  William  B.  Fox,  George 
Crompton,  and  D.  H.  O'Neil  $2$  each  ;  and  less  sums  were 
contributed  by  others. 

The  god  of  love  was  in  the  ascendant  on  Thursday,  the 
eighteenth,  and  several  soldiers  were  married  to  the  brides  of 
their  choice  before  leaving  for  the  war.  One  of  the  papers 
of  the  day  expressed  the  general  wish  in  saying  :  "  We  hope 
they  may  return  to  the  felicity  of  a  long  life  and  many 
domestic  blessings." 

The  feelings  of  the  people  of  all  classes,  —  men,  women 
and  children,  natives  and  adopted  citizens,  found  a  beautiful 
form  of  expression.  The  loyal  part  of  the  country  blossomed 
all  over  with  the  "  red,  white  and  blue."  Here  in  Worcester 
the  favorite  colors  were  seen  in  every  direction.  The  boys 
wore  them  in  neckties  and  badges,  and  the  girls  wreathed 
them  into  bows  and  rosettes.  They  danced  through  the 
streets  on  the  heads  of  horses,  and  blended  gracefully  in  the 
shop  windows.  Soon  they  were  floating  from  numerous 
public  and  private  buildings.  The  flag-staff"  on  the  Common, 
the  High  School  house,  the  Sycamore  street  school,  the  Bay 
State  House,  the  Mechanics  Hall,  the  railroad  stations,  and 
many  of  the  large  manufactories  were  waved  over  by  the 
"  stars  and  stripes."     Flag-raising  was  the  order  of  the  day. 


UPRISING   OF   THE   PEOPLE.  2$ 

and  the  "  Star-Spangled  Banner  "  was  heard  in  every  gather- 
ing of  the  people. 

When  the  Light  Infantry  left,  on  Wednesday,  their  first 
destination  was  Boston,  where  they  were  joined  to  the  Sixth 
Regiment,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Edward  F.  Jones, 
of  Lowell.  In  the  evening,  the  regiment  left  Boston  for  the 
seat  of  government,  and  passed  through  Worcester  between 
nine  and  ten  o'clock.  Along  the  route  from  Boston  the  regi- 
ment was  greeted  by  the  firing  of  cannon,  fire  works,  the  ring- 
ing of  church  bells,  and  the  cheers  of  the  people  who  flocked 
to  every  station.  At  the  western  or  lower  depot  in  Wor- 
cester, there  was  an  immense  crowd,  and  the  night  air  was 
rent  with  their  loud  and  hearty  cheering.  The  car  contain- 
ing the  Light  Infantry  was  surrounded  by  their  friends,  "and 
many  wives,  sisters,  and  mothers  took  this  opportunity  to  say 
another  good-bye  to  those  on  board."  The  next  day  this 
memorable  regiment  was  in  New  York.  On  Friday,  the 
"  glorious  Nineteenth,"  it  passed  through  the  streets  of  Balti- 
more, where  it  met  a  bloody  reception  from  the  rebel  element 
of  that  city. 

At  home  the  spirit  of  devotion  to  the  public  service  was 
displayed  in  various  modes.  The  physicians  of  the  city  voted 
to  offer  their  services  gratuitously  to  the  "  families  of  the  sol- 
diers who  have  taken,  or  may  take  the  field."  The  City  Bank 
voted,  that,  "  whereas,  A.  A.  Goodell,  teller  of  this  bank,  hav- 
ing volunteered  and  enlisted  in  the  Worcester  City  Guards, 
to  accompany  them  if  called  into  the  service  of  their  country, 
this  bank  agrees  to  keep  his  situation  as  teller  open  to  him 
till  his  return,  and  to  continue  his  salary  while  absent."  The 
young  ladies  of  the  Oread  Institute  made  a  beautiful  flag,  dis- 
playing thirty-four  stars,  and  unfurled  it  over  the  south  tower, 
with  enthusiastic  greetings.  In  these  and  other  ways,  too 
various  to  be  recorded,  the  interest  of  all  classes  in  the  public 
welfare  was  manifested. 

When  the  news  came,  on  Saturday,  of  the  attack  upon  the 
Sixth  Regiment,  the  excitement  became  more  intense  than  that 
caused  by  the  assault  on  Fort  Sumter.     An  attack  upon  any 


26  WORCESTER    IN   THE   WAR. 

loyal  regiment  would  have  aroused  the  sympathy  of  the 
people  of  this  city ;  but  in  this  case  there  was  a  deep  and 
solemn  personal  feeling.  The  Light  Infantry  were  in  that 
regiment,  and  for  hours  it  was  not  known  but  that  some  of 
its  members  were  among  the  victims.  At  length  word  came 
that  the  regiment  was  divided  in  passing  through  Baltimore, 
and  that  the  Light  Infantry  was  in  the  first  division,  which 
effected  its  passage  to  the  other  side  before  the  attack  was 
made. 

It  was  in  the  midst  of  all  this  anxiety  that  the  Third  Bat- 
talion of  Rifles  made  preparation  to  depart  for  the  scene  of 
conflict.  They  were  filled  with  the  indignation  which  ani- 
mated all  hearts,  and  were  eager  to  leave,  that  they  might 
soon  reach  the  scene  of  action.  From  early  in  the  morning 
of  the  twentieth  till  near  midnight,  the  "  streets  overflowed 
with  a  thronging  and  eager  multitude,  who  attested  by  their 
enthusiasm  the  depth  of  their  sympathy  for  the  work  which 
had  called  our  brave  soldiers  from  their  homes.  Many  stores 
and  private  dwellings  displayed  the  national  colors  ;  and  the 
active  movement  of  troops,  with  the  sound  of  martial  music 
at  intervals  during  the  day,  and  all  the  busy  notes  of  prepara- 
tion for  a  near  and  awful  danger,  made  the  day  a  memorable 
one  in  our  calendar,"  and  was  a  fitting  close  of  a  week  the 
most  interesting  within  the  memory  of  living  men.  It  should 
be  stated  that  the  battalion  was  ready  to  depart  as  soon  as 
the  infantry  ;  but  it  was  kept  back  that  it  might  go  into  the 
fifth  regiment.  That  regiment  having  been  delayed,  the  bat- 
tallion,  through  its  commander,  obtained  leave  of  the  gov- 
ernor to  start  for  the  seat  of  war  at  once. 

The  battalion  was  made  up  of  three  strong  and  full  com- 
panies, viz. :  The  Worcester  City  Guards,  The  Emmet 
Guards,  and  the  Holden  Rifles.  They  were  all  efficiently 
organized,  and  were  filled  with  resolute  and  courageous  men. 
The  names  of  the  members  are  inserted  here,  as  in  a  roll  of 
honor,  because,  in  common  with  the  Light  Infantry,  they 
were  the  "first  fruits  "  of  the  patriotismof  the  "  Heart  of  the 
Commonwealth."     The  names  of  the  Holden  Rifles   have   a 


UPRISING   OF    THE    PEOPLE.  2/ 

place  here  also,  because  that  company  formed  a  part  of  the 
battalion,  and  because  the  town  of  Holden  and  the  city  of 
Worcester  are  so  intimately  blended  in  business,  in  daily 
intercourse,  and  in  past  history. 

The  officers  of  the  battalion  were  as  follows :  — 

Major,  Charles  Devens,  Jr., 

Adjutant,  John  M,  Goodhue, 

Quartermaster,  James  £.  Estabrook, 

Surgeon,  Dr.  Oramel  Martin, 

Quartermaster  Sergeant,  GEORGE  T.  White, 

Sergeant  Major,  Nathaniel  S.  Liscomb.* 

Co.  a,  Worcester  City  Guards. 

Captain,  A.  B.  R.  Sprague, 

First  Lieute?ta?it,  Josiah  Pickett, 

Second  Lieutenant,  George  C.  Joslin, 

Third  Liejitenatit,  Orson  Moulton, 

Fourth  Lieutenant,  E.  A.  Harkness. 

Sergeants,  Elbridge  G.  Watkins,  Walter  S.  Bugbee,  George  A. 
Johnson,  Charles  A.  Ward. 

Corporals,   James   M.   Hervey,   Horace    W.   Poole,   Calvin   N. 
Harrington,  George  Burr. 

Musicians,  William  H.  Heywood,  James  Stewart. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward  W.  Adams,  Henry  W.  Daniels, 

William  H.  Aldrich,  Charles  Davis, 

Francis  Bacon,  Edwin  L.  Dodge, 

Charles  S.  Bartlett,  Silas  R.  Dunn, 

Merritt  B.  Bessey,  Charles  F.  Fairbanks, 

George  P.  Bigelow,  Jerome  H.  Fuller, 

Luther  H.  Bigelow,  Arthur  Goodell, 

Charles  H.  Bond,  Thomas  Gleason, 

Bramley  A.  Bottomly,  Joel  W.  Greene, 

Harry  T.  Bradish,  George  W.  Hatch, 

Theodore  Burdick,  Charles  Henry, 

George  S.  Campbell,  J.  M.  Heywood, 

Lowell  Caswell,  Edward  E.  Howe, 

Lewis  C.  Champney,  Herbert  J.  Kendall, 

John  M.  Cheney,  Nathaniel  S.  Liscomb, 

Frank  L.  R.  Coes,  Albert  A.  Livermore, 

James  M.  Cummings,  Henry  Matthews, 

Hermon  E.  Cunningham,  Henry  Mellen, 

George  M.  Curtis,  Henry  R.  Moen,     . 

Charles  B.  Cutler,  Edwin  Morse, 

Elmer  Cutting,  Charles  H.  Munroe, 

•  Appointed  while  in  service. 


28 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


David  H.  Mclver, 
James  J.  McLane, 
William  L.  Newton, 
Amos  M.  Parker, 
Francis  J.  Plummer, 
John  W.  Pomroy, 
Chester  B.  Shaw, 
James  S.  Slocum, 
Samuel  A.  Slocum, 
Welcome  W.  Sprague, 
William  Starr, 


William  R.  Steele, 
Charles  K.  Stoddard, 
John  A.  Thompson, 
Louis  Wageley, 
Melville  E.  Walker, 
George  E.  Warren, 
C.  A.  Wesson, 
John  Wheeler,  2d., 
William  B.  White, 
William  H.  Wood. 


Co.  B,  HoLDEN   Rifles. 

Captain,  Charles  Knowltqn, 

Fi7-st  Lieutenant,  J.  H.  Gleason, 

Second  Lieutenant,  P.  R.  Nev^^ell, 

Third  Lieutenant,  Edward  Devens,  Worcester, 

Fo2irth  Lieutenant,  Samuel  F.  Woods,  Barre. 

Sergeants,  George  W.  Bascom,  H.  P.  Newell,  Nathan  S.  Coburn, 
Worcester,  F.  E.  Davis. 

Corporals,  Isaac  T.  Hooton,  Webster,  A.  D.  Bascom,  Ira  J,  Kel- 
TON,  Emery  Rogers. 

PRIVATES     FROM      HOLDEN. 


S.  F.  Alexander, 
Henry  G.  Amidon, 
Warren  J.  Ball, 
Henry  H.  Bowman, 
P.  A.  Champney, 
Samuel  A.  Clark, 
John  A.  Collier, 
George  A.  Corey, 
Francis  Davis, 
Henry  Fales, 
John  Fearing, 
Charles  J.  Fox, 
Edward  FrankHn, 
James  S.  M'Gee, 
Hiram  Howe, 
John  F.  Hubbard, 
Henry  C.  Judd, 
Charles  A.  Legg, 
Frank  Lumasett, 
Edward  E.  Monroe, 


W.  E.  Baker, 
Enoch  Earl, 
William  H.  Earl, 
Charles  H.  Hurlbert, 
Henry  M.  Ide, 
George  H.  Larmed, 
Oliver  Laverty, 


Worcester, 


Charles  S.  Moore, 
Samuel  A.  Moses, 
William  McClan, 
Charles  A.  McGaffey, 
Maxie  Pantum, 
Alfred  Piper, 
Edwin  F.  Pratt, 
Samuel  Preston, 
J.  D.  Robinson, 
J.  B.  Savage, 
Alfred  B.  Sawyer, 
J.  S.  Scott, 
George  A.  Smith, 
J.  Herbert  Smith, 
Charles  Steele, 
Emerson  Stone, 
John  B.  Weston, 
Edward  C.  Winslow, 
All  from  Holden. 


F.  B.  Marsh,  Worcester, 

George  W.  Rockwood,    " 

S.  E.  Stratton, 

Justus  Brown,  West  Boylston, 

E.  P.  Lamb, 

R.  B.  Thomas,  " 

E.  D.  Clemens,  Webster, 


UPRISING    OF    THE    PEOPLE. 


29 


Charles  N.  Shumway,  VVehster, 
Aaron  B.  Burt,  Sutton, 
Chauncy  B.  Irish,  Millbury, 
George  Trask,  " 

Martin  N.  Trask,         " 


John  D.  White,  Millbury, 
George  E.  Childs,  Upton, 
Wilham  A.  Nye,  " 

Martin  M.  Hayes,  Grafton, 
O.  S.  Oaks,  New  Salem. 


Co.  C,  Emmet  Guards. 

Captain,  Michael  S.  McConville, 

First  Lieute7iant,  Michael  O'Driscoll, 

Second Lieutejiant,  Matthew  J.  McCafferty, 

Tliird Lieiitenatit,  Thomas  O'Neil, 

Fourth  Lie7ite?ianf,  Morris  Melaven. 

Sergeants,  William  Daley,  Patrick  Curran,  Martin  Hayes, 
Patrick  Hayes. 

Corporals,  Nicholas  Powers,  Thomas  Finn,  James  Doherty,  John 
J.  O'Gorman. 


PRIVATES. 


Henry  Benn, 
Patrick  Brassle, 
J.  M.  Bremer, 
James  Burns, 
John  Carroll, 
George  B.  Chandlery, 
Michael  Cleery, 
Michael  Collins, 
James  Connor, 
Jeremiah  Connor, 
John  Cronin, 
William  Daley, 
Patrick  Deery, 
Patrick  Diggins, 
Daniel  Donahue, 
Dennis  Downey, 
John  Dunn, 
Robert  Empsey, 
Thomas  Finn, 
Michael  Finnegan, 
Anthony  Gavin, 
James  Hammond, 
Bartholomew  Harrington, 
John  F.  Hartigan, 
Edward  Hayes, 
William  Hickey, 
John  Hines, 
Edward  Houston, 
Edward  Jennings, 
Michael  Keenan, 
Patrick  Keenan, 
Patrick  Kelley, 


Patrick  Kenna, 
John  Kerr, 
John  Kirk, 
Timothy  Lanton, 
Joseph  Laverty, 
Martin  Leonard, 
John  Maginnis, 
George  Moor, 
James  Moran, 
John  Moriarty, 
Frank  Morrison, 
John  Morton, 
T.  Edward  Murray, 
Felix  McCann, 
Henry  McConville, 
Felix  McDermott, 
John  McDonald, 
Daniel  McGloughlin, 
James  McHannon, 
Francis  Mclntire, 
James  McKenna, 
Michael  McKeon, 
Patrick  McKeon, 
James  B.  McLane, 
James  McNulty, 
John  O'Brien, 
Patrick  Sherlin, 
John  Sherlin, 
John  Tobin, 
Michael  Tobin, 
John  Trainor, 
Napoleon  Ward. 


30  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

About  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  Battalion,  under 
the  escort  of  the  National  Band  and  the  past  members  of 
the  City  Guards  and  Light  Infantry,  marched  to  Mechanics 
Hall,  where  a  large  company  of  citizens  was  assembled. 
The  Mayor,  Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  received  the  soldiers  with  a 
brief  and  inspiriting  speech.  Words  and  prayers  uttered  at 
such  times  become  historically  important.  The  Mayor  spoke 
as  follows :  — 

"  Major  Devens,  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Battalion :  —  Eighty-six 
years  ago  yesterday,  the  first  Massachusetts  blood  was  shed  in  the  cause 
of  the  American  Revolution.  Yesterday  the  first  blood  was  shed  in  this 
war  of  insurrection.  Should  the  arch  enemy  ask  me  for  a  coat-of-arms> 
I  should  give  him,  in  the  words  of  Dean  Swift :  — 

'  Two  beams  standant, 
One  beam  crossant, 
One  rope  pendant, 
A  scoundrel  at  the  end  on't. 

I  rejoice  that  you  have  so  promptly  obeyed  your  country's  call.  In  the 
spirit  of  patriotism  you  have  voluntarily  enlisted,  and  left  your  families 
and  friends  to  battle  for  your  country.  Your  ranks  are  full,  and  I  rejoice 
that  there  are  yet  men  to  spare.  I  ask  you  to  imitate  the  bravery,  the 
patriotism,  of  those  men  who  fought  in  the  revolution  ;  of  those  who 
fought  in  1812  ;  of  those  who  bore  the  standard  into  Mexico  and  never 
lost  a  battle.  Imitate  their  example,  and  you  will  command  the  grati- 
tude and  respect  of  millions  of  freemen.  You  have  assembled  to 
hear  the  throne  of  grace  addressed  in  your  behalf,  which  was  what  our 
fathers  did  ;  when  they  pledged  their  sacred  lives  for  their  country's 
cause,  they  knelt  before  the  God  of  battles.  It  is  most  proper  to  look 
to  him  at  this  time,  and  may  God  bless  and  prosper  you  all." 

Rev.  Alonzo  Hill,  D.  D.,  then  offered  prayer  most  impres- 
sively, in  the  following  words  :  — 

"  O  God,  who  sittest  in  the  circuit  of  the  heavens,  who  art  the  ruler 
among  the  nations,  who  art  the  God  of  armies,  in  this  hour  of  our 
country's  darkness  and  distress,  when  enemies  are  arrayed  in  battle 
against  her,  when  treachery  menaces  her,  when  her  very  capital  is  in 
peril,  to  whom,  O  God,  should  we  look  for  mercy  and  protection  but  to 
Thee.  Spare  us,  O  God,  the  humiliation  of  yielding  to  those  who  lie  in 
wait  for  us,  and  save  us  for  the  sake  of  our  fathers.  Grant,  in  this  crisis, 
that  energy  and  watchfulness  to  the  president  of  the  United  States,  and 
to  that  aged  servant  who  has  so  long  led  the  armies  of  the  country,  that 
we  may  continue  to   look  to  them  as  a  solace  and  a   hope.     We  pray 


UPRISING    OF    THE    PEOPLE.  3 1 

Thee  to  bless  those  of  our  friends  who  have  come  to  lay  themselves  upon 
the  altar  of  our  common  country,  who  have  presented  themselves  to  take 
leave  of  their  families  and  friends.  May  the  God  of  battles  be  with  them, 
whatever  may  befall  them  on  the  way.  In  this  hour  may  there  be  the  re- 
solve to  be  true  to  the  great  principles  in  which  they  have  been  educated, 
true  to  the  God  that  has  placed  upon  them  such  a  tremendous  responsi- 
bility ;  and  we  pray  Thee  to  shield  them  in  their  hour  of  peril.  Stay  the 
hand  of  sickness,  that  may  be  on  the  right  hand  and  the  left ;  crown  them 
with  victory,  because  victory  is  for  the  preservation  of  the  people.  These 
are  no  hirelings  for  this  great  work,  but  citizen  soldiers,  who  go  to  fight 
the  battle  for  mothers  and  sisters  and  wives.  Remember  that  they  are 
Christian  soldiers,  and  if  they  should  fall,  may  the  reflection  come  that 
they  have  been  true  to  their  country.  Guard  those  who  lead  them  ;  we 
pray  for  the  officers  ;  for  him  who  is  to  lead  this  battalion  ;  guard  them 
all  ;  and  when  their  work  is  done,  may  they  be  restored  to  us  to  receive 
the  honors  that  belong  to  the  brave.  We  ask  Thee  to  be  with  them, 
and  to  the  great  Captain  of  our  salvation  will  we  ascribe  all  the  glory. 
Amen." 

Major  Devens  made  a  few  remarks,  saying  that  the  hour 
of  duty  had  come.  He  expected  to  do  his  duty  himself,  and 
he  expected  the  same  of  every  man  before  him.  He  spoke 
of  the  necessity  of  disciphne.  He  referred  to  the  fact  that  for 
more  than  a  hundred  years  the  militia  of  Massachusetts  had 
been  distinguished  on  the  battle-fiekl,  and  he  knev^  the  brave 
men  before  him  woukl  not  allow  their  banner  to  trail  in  the 
dust.  His  remarks  were  loudly  cheered  by  the  soldiers. 
The  Marseillaise  Hymn  was  then  sung  by  a  select  choir,  in  a 
spirited  style.  In  answer  to  a  call,  Henry  McConville  sang 
the  "  Red,  White  and  Blue."  The  chorus  was  taken  up  by 
the  great  assembly,  and  was  rendered  with  enthusiasm. 
The  battalion  was  then  dismissed,  and  the  meeting  came  to  a 
close. 

Many  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  received  gifts  and  tokens 
of  kindness  on  the  part  of  their  friends.  One  specimen  must 
answer  for  many.  At  the  armory  of  the  City  Guards,  an 
elegant  sword  and  belt  were  presented  to  Adjutant  John  M. 
Goodhue.  Hon.  George  F,  Hoar  made  the  address  of  presen- 
tation in  these  words  :  — 

''Adjutant   Goodhue:  —  Your   fellow  citizen,    Mr.  Timothy  W.    Wei- 


32  WORCESTER    IN    THE   WAR. 

lington,  desires  me  to  present  to  you,  in  his  behalf,  this  sword  and  this 
belt. 

The  giver  bears  the  name  and  inherits  the  blood  of  one  who  stood 
among  freedom's  first  martyrs  on  the  green  at  Lexington,  on  the  19th  of 
April,  1775  j  'in^l  ^ow  that  that  honored  anniversary  has  been  baptized 
anew  in  the  blood  of  Massachusetts  men,  and  thank  God,  that  blood  has 
been  avenged,  as  of  old,  he  wishes  to  express  his  sympathy  with  you  and 
your  brave  companions.  You  and  they  are  going  from  among  men  who 
honor  and  love  you,  to  meet  with  men  who  despise  and  hate  you.  A  band 
of  traitors  and  conspirators,  whose  fields  and  plantations,  as  has  been  well 
said,  our  fathers  scoured  and  cleared  from  a  foreign  invader  in  the  Revo- 
lution, have  dared  to  undertake  to  subvert  ott7'  government,  to  take  posses- 
sion of  our  capital,  and  destroy  our  liberties.  We  have  not  provoked 
this  contest.  Our  patience  has  been  met  with  scorn.  We  have  been 
smitten  on  one  cheek.  We  have  turned  to  show  the  other,  and  have 
been  smitten  on  that,  too.  We  have  held  forth  the  olive-branch,  it  has 
been  converted  into  a  rod.  The  charity  which  suflfereth  long,  which 
hopeth,  beareth,  believeth,  and  endureth  all  things,  has  at  last  been  ex- 
hausted ;  and  now  that  nothing  remains  but  the  sword,  —  and  never  was 
it  drawn  in  a  cause  more  righteous,  — ■ 

'  May  God  put  forth  his  might, 
May  God  defend  the  right. 
Stand  back  to  back  in  God's  name, 
And  fight  it  to  the  last' 

We  know  this  sword  will  meet  with  no  dishonor  in  your  hands.  If 
you  come  back,  as  we  hope  and  pray,  with  your  country's  liberties  se- 
cured, and  your  country's  honor  maintained,  you  shall  receive  the  dearest 
reward  of  freemen,  the  gratitude  and  love  of  your  country.  To  have  been 
one  of  you  will  hereafter  be  deemed  a  patent  of  nobility  better  than  coro- 
net or  crown.  And,  if  you  fall,  the  tears  of  surviving  countrymen,  eternal 
praise,  deathless  affection,  will  embalm  your  memories.  Your  names  will 
be  repeated,  as  we  now  repeat  the  names  of  the  men  of  Bunker  Hill  and 
Lexington.  Those  who  bear  them,  or  share  your  blood,  will  say  to  each 
other  in  future  times,  we,  too,  had  a  kinsman  who  defended  Washington. 
And,  —  better  than  earthly  praise,  —  the  spirits  of  the  sainted  dead, 
which  hover  over  you  now,  will  receive  yours  to  conduct  them  to  the 
presence  of  your  fathers'  God,  for  his  approbation  of  lives  freely  laid  down 
in  the  cause  he  has  so  often  blessed." 

Adjutant  Goodhue  expressed  his  deep  gratitude  with  much 
feeling.  He  said  he  should  endeavor  to  do  his  duty,  and  if 
his  country's  welfare  required  a  new  baptism  of  blood,  he  was 
ready  to  make  the  sacrifice  in  her  cause. 


UPRISING   OF   THE   PEOPLE.  33 

When  the  present  of  nearly  ^i,ooo  was  made  to  the  Em- 
met Guards,  Mayor  Davis  expressed  the  hope  that  they  would 
emulate  the  bravery  of  that  son  of  an  Irishman,  Andrew  Jack- 
son, and  cover  themselves  in  so  doing,  with  honor  and  glory. 
When  the  long  and  loud  cheering  had  subsided.  Captain 
McConville  briefly  replied,  returning  thanks  in  behalf  of  his 
company,  and  assuring  the  donors  that  the  sum  should  be 
scrupulously  used  for  the  welfare  of  the  men  under  his  com- 
mand without  regard  to  rank.  In  the  evening-  the  company 
was  visited  by  Rev.  Messrs.  Boyce  and  O'Reilly,  each  of 
whom  offered  prayer  for  their  success,  and  addressed  them  in 
the  kindest  and  most  paternal  manner.  The  former  trusted 
they  would,  do  their  duty  manfully,  so  that  they  could  look 
him  in  the  face  when  they  returned,  or  not  return  at  all ;  that 
they  would  rather  perish  in  the  battle-field  than  prove  recre- 
ant to  their  country  and  their  honor.  The  Guards  gave  their 
spiritual  advisers  three  hearty  cheers,  and  bade  them  adieu 
with  most  cheerful  and  happy  feelings. 

Thus  in  about  seven  days  after  the  requisition  was  made, 
Worcester  had  furnished  every  man  of  her  quota,  equipped 
for  service,  and  many  of  them  were  already  in  the  field  of 
action.  The  city  had  the  good  fortune  to  contribute  three 
hundred  men  who  knew  not  what  it  was  to  falter  in  the  hour 
of  trial  and  danger. 

As  the  train  moved  off  towards  midnight  of  Saturday,  th^ 
good  wishes  and  prayers  of  the  assembled  people  were  poured 
out  from  earnest  and  anxious,  but  hopeful  hearts.  The 
soldiers  went  on  their  way,  to  unknown  scenes  of  danger, 
some  of  them  never  to  return  in  life,  but  all  of  them  v/ith 
hearts  resolved  to  do  their  duty,  and  if  need  be,  give  up  their 
lives  in  their  country's  service.  The  people,  —  fathers  and 
mothers,  wives  and  sisters  —  returned  to  their  homes  with 
chastened  feelings.  They  had  cheered  their  friends  as  they 
parted,  and  they  were  glad  and  proud  to  think  that  their 
friends  were  in  the  devoted  band  ;  but  they  felt  the  sacrifice 
they  had  made.     Promptly  and  nobly  had  the  city  done  its 

3 


34  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

duty,  and  all  were  grateful  to  those  who  had  stepped  forward 
to  represent  them  in  the  field  of  danger. 

The  news  of  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter  had  come  with 
startling  suddenness  on  Sunday  evening.  It  was  almost 
incredible  that  a  fort  supposed  to  be  impregnable  had  been 
compelled  to  yield  to  the  rebels  in  less  than  two  short  days. 
It  suggested  the  fear  that  other  strongholds  would  in  like 
manner  yield,  and  the  rebellion  become  formidable.  But 
there  was  no  faltering,  no  panic,  no  hesitation.  A  firm  and 
holy  resolution  seemed  at  once  to  take  possession  of  all 
hearts  that  the  government  should  be  upheld,  the  rebellion 
should  be  crushed,  and  if  possible,  the  cause  of  the  rebellion 
should  be  done  away  forever.  The  proclamation  of  the 
president,  and  the  call  of  the  governor  came.  The  people 
were  ready,  and  at  once  the  requisition  was  filled.  In  three 
days  three  hundred  men  were  armed,  equipped,  and  ready  to 
march.  One  company  was  at  the  baptism  of  blood  in  Bal- 
timore before  the  week  closed,  and  the  battalion  was  on  its 
way.  What  a  week  of  excitement,  of  action,  of  accomplish- 
ment !  It  was  time  for  rest  and  recuperation.  The  wearied 
citizens  retired  to  sleep,  and  awaited  the  sacred  stillness 
of  the  Sabbath. 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT.  35 


CHAPTER   II. 

PREPARATION   FOR   THE   CONFLICT. 

Before  following  the  Light  Infantry  and  the  Third 
Battalion  Rifles  to  their  respective  fields  of  service  and 
danger,  we  must  take  note,  at  some  length,  of  the  state  of 
feeling  here  at  home,  and  of  the  exertions  to  which  it 
prompted.  Much  was  said  and  done  during  the  succeeding 
six  weeks  which  directly  tended  to  encourage  the  soldiers, 
between  whom  and  their  friends  here  there  was  constant 
communication  by  letter  or  by  messengers  ;  and  much  also 
by  way  of  preparation  for  future  enlistments. 

As  in  the  Revolution,  so  in  this  war  for  national  existence 
and  impartial  freedom,  the  pulpit  was  a  most  efficient  agency. 
Without  exception  the  clergy  of  the  city  were  prompt  and 
earnest  in  denouncing  the  rebellion,  and  in  urging  the  people 
to  make  heroic  sacrifices  for  its  suppression.  So  frequent 
and  so  able  were  their  discourses  and  addresses,  in  support 
of  the  government,  that  a  large  and  interesting  volume  might 
be  made  up  of  them,  with  an  appropriate  title,  "  The  Wor- 
cester Pulpit  in  the  War."  Such  a  volume  would  be  a  me- 
morial honorable  alike  to  the  ministers  and  their  people, 
evincing  as  it  would  the  attitude  and  spirit  of  the  better  part 
of  the  community  in  this  day  of  trial.  The  narrow  limits  of 
these  pages  will  only  admit  of  brief  sketches  of  sermons 
delivered  on  suitable  occasions,  which  will  serve,  however, 
to  show  the  relation  of  the  ministers  to  the  war. 

The  first  Sunday  after  the  news  came  of  the  surrender  of 
Fort  Sumter  was  a  day  of  solemn  interest.  The  people  had 
sprung  to  arms  in  a  moment,  had  raised  money  for  the  equip- 


36  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

ment  of  the  volunteers,  and  had  sent  off  some  three  or  four 
hundred  of  their  own  fathers,  brothers  and  sons  to  the  war. 
From  the  first  dawn  of  Monday  to  the  midnight  hour  of 
Saturday,  all  had  been  in  a  state  of  intense  excitem  ent  and 
activity.  On  the  morning  of  the  succeeding  Sabbath  they 
resorted  to  their  various  places  of  worship,  to  render  thanks 
for  what  had  been  done,  and  to  implore  the  help  of  God  in 
regard  to  what  remained  for  them  to  do.  According  to  the 
papers  of  the  day,  there  was  a  general  reference  to  the  condi- 
tion of  affairs  in  the  prayers  and  sermons  ;  the  church  gave  its 
inspiration  to  the  patriotism  of  the  soldiers,  and  the  move- 
ment against  the  rebels  seemed  to  assume  the  nature  of  a 
"  War  of  the  Lord."  The  reports  of  only  two  discourses  of 
this  date  can  be  found,  and  of  these  a  brief  abstract  will  be 
given. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Hill,  pastor  of  the  First  Unitarian  Church,  as 
reported  in  the  Palladium,  said  that  he  had  been  unable  to 
obtain  sufficient  composure  to  write  a  sermon,  but  would 
speak  such  thoughts  as  the  times  suggested  to  him. 

"  Never  before  have  we  assembled,  in  the  usual  routine  of  Sabbath 
service,  on  an  occasion  like  this.  Hitherto  we  have  enjoyed  peaceful 
Sabbaths.  The  very  day  has  assisted  us  in  composing  our  minds  ;  but 
this  morning,  everything  conspires  to  make  our  bosoms  throb.  It  seems 
a  month  since  last  Sunday  —  so  many  events  have  been  crowded  into  the 
days  of  the  last  week.  Such  scenes  in  our  own  city !  Near  and  dear 
friends  buckling  on  the  armor  and  going  to  the  conflict.  I  have  ascer- 
tained that  ten  of  our  own  number  are  away  ;  and  more  than  three 
hundred  of  our  neighbors  and  friends  have  reached  the  scene  of  con- 
flict. 

It  becomes  us  then  to  reflect ;  and  one  fact  must  inspire  us.  This 
worst  of  wars  in  which  we  can  engage,  this  civil  war,  has  not  been  of  our 
seeking.  It  is  a  righteous  war  ;  a  war  that  must  be  sustained.  True,  it  is 
a  dreadful  war  ;  but  there  are  worse  things  than  this.  Cowardice  is 
worse.  I  feel  the  utmost  respect  for  our  young  men  who  have  gone  into 
this  war  under  a  solemn  conviction  of  duty.  I  believe  it  to  be  a  righteous 
war.  There  may  be  those  who  think  this  trouble  might  have  been 
averted  by  compromise.  Events  are  now  showing  us  that  we  could  not 
make  compromises  without  disgrace,  infamy  !  Furthermore,  compromises 
are  not  what  our  opponents  want.  .  .  . 

I  feel  it  to  be  a  most  righteous  cause.     All  available   means  have  been 


PREPARATION    FOR   THE    CONFLICT.  3/ 

given  into  the  hands  of  the  rebels,  and  they  are  now  marching  upon  our 
capital.  Reports  are  in  circulation  this  morning  that  they  have  reached 
it.  The  moment  it  is  seized,  we  cease  to  be  a  nation.  Then  we  may 
well  bow  our  heads  in  grief,  and  cover  our  faces  with  sackcloth.  It  is 
well  to  understand  what  God  has  imposed  upon  us  ;  what  a  crisis  has 
come  ;  and  what  are  our  responsibilities.  Never  has  he  imposed  such  a 
responsibility  upon  any  people  as  he  has  laid  upon  us  to-day.  All  the 
glory  of  the  future,  all  the  prosperity  and  success  of  freedom,  are  involved 
in  it.  If  we  fall,  the  hopes  of  man  go  backward  several  centuries,  and 
we  come  near  to  barbarism.  We  must  assume  all  the  responsibility  laid 
upon  us.  Not  in  fear  and  weakness  ;  but  as  )ne7i.  When  God  imposes 
such  tremendous  responsibility  he  will  give  a  way.  We  must  recognize 
our  deep  dependence  upon  Him  ;  we  must  know  the  efficacy  of  prayer.  It 
was  the  first  act  of  our  fathers,  in  their  days  of  trial,  to  go  into  the  temple 
of  God  and  pray  to  heaven.  They  went  with  a  profound  sense  of  rever- 
ence. 

You,  if  there  be  any,  who  have  never  yet  prayed  before,  pray  now. 
Pray  God  to  guide  our  president,  the  men  who  are  entrusted  with  our 
government,  our  children  who  have  left  us,  and  those,  too,  who  remain. 
Pray  that  we  may  meet  this  trial,  not  as  cowards,  as  dastards,  but  as  men. 
Meanwhile,  yield  to  no  unnecessary  excitement.  Believe  not  every  report 
unless  the  truth  is  really  known.  Even  now  rumors  are  wickedly  circu- 
lated that  have  no  foundation  in  fact.  We  must  be  calm  ;  go  to  our  work 
as  usual,  and  keep  order  in  our  homes.  There  may  be  a  call  for  immense 
support.  Prepare  to  meet  the  exigency  as  menj  as  CJiristians.  While 
standing  up  manfully  for  right,  we  must  yield  to  no  feelings  of  hatred. 

Better  that  half  our  population  let  their  blood  flow  over  the  green  soil 
of  our  land  than  that  we  should  yield  to  the  demands  of  those  who  are 
attacking  the  very  heart  of  our  country.  My  mother  is  dear  to  me,  my 
home  is  dear  to  me,  and  so  is  my  brother.  But  if  my  brother  attack  my 
mother  and  drive  her  out  into  the  storm,  I  should  repel  that  brother. 
This  country  is  our  mother  !  Defend  her  to  the  very  death  !  I  do  not 
know  what  may  be  demanded  of  us,  but  supineness  and  indifference  must 
be  the  last  things. 

Some  of  you  will  remember  when  the  first  Napoleon  was  marching  vic- 
toriously from  kingdom  to  kingdom.  In  that  dark  hour  the  younger  Pitt 
was  on  his  death-bed.  Hearing  the  news  of  the  continued  successes  of 
Napoleon,  he  said,  '  You  may  roll  up  the  map  of  Europe,  there  is  nothing 
more  for  her  ! '  He  forgot  young  England.  It  arose  with  firmness  and 
bravery ;  and  now  England  stands  in  gigantic  greatness  and  glory.  If 
Washington  falls  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  our  nation  sinks  as  a 
nation.  Por  my  part  I  would  say,  Roll  up  the  map  of  America  :  then 
the  map  of  the  world  !  There  will  be  nothing  worth  the  tracing  then. 

But  we  have  a  brave  defense  —  a  bulwark  of  young  bosoms  who  will  meet 


38  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  exigency.     God  grant   them  success,  and  may  America  yet  stand  in 
her  pristine  strength,  the  wonder  and  glory  of  the  world." 

On  the  same  day,  Sunday,  April  21,  Rev.  Merrill  Rich- 
ardson, pastor  of  the  Salem  street  church,  preached  an  ap- 
propriate discourse  from  the  text  "  Let  not  him  that  girdeth 
on  his  harness  boast  himself  as  he  that  putteth  it  off,"  found 
in  the  first  book  of  Kings,  20th  chapter,  and  nth  verse. 
The  report  in  the  Daily  Spy  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  The  lesson  he  drew  from  this  text  was  that  the  prophets  of  God  called 
upon  the  people  to  defend  their  national  rights  by  every  means  in  their 
power  ;  that  government  must  be  maintained.  Although  war  is  to  be 
dreaded,  anarchy  is  still  worse,  and  government  should  be  upheld  at  any 
cost.  He  showed  that  the  policy  of  non-resistance  has  been  tried  already 
too  long,  and  that  it  was  time  to  act.  Those  who  go  to  fight  the  battles 
of  their  country,  go  on  God's  service.  Therein  is  the  proof  of  honor. 
We  should  translate  faith  into  faithfulness.  He  could  pray  for  blessing 
and  victory  in  this  cause,  as  for  the  autumn's  harvest,  or  for  the  salvation 
of  men.  The  great  moral  strength  that  comes  from  a  just  cause  is  on  our 
side." 

Some  seven  or  eight  of  Mr.  Richardson's  congregation  had 
gone  to  the  war,  and  he  made  appropriate  allusion  to  the 
fact,  speaking  words  of  encouragement  for  them,  and  of  com- 
fort for  their  families. 

Not  less  loyal  and  earnest  was  the  press  in  forming  and 
giving  utterance  to  the  public  sentiment.  Thus  in  the  Palla- 
dium,—  Hon.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton,  editor — of  the  seventeenth 
of  April,  three  days  after  the  fateful  news  from  Fort  Sumter, 
in  an  editorial  relating  to  that  event,  after  stating  the  position 
of  the  rebel  leaders  and  showing  that  they  had  "  deinonstrated 
themselves  to  be  clearly  in  the  wrong,"  follow  these  forcible 
and  pertinent  sentences  :  —  "  God  only  knows  where  this  vile 
work  of  inflamed  passion  and  perverted  reason  is  to  end.  If 
they  shall  demonstrate  that  the  great  body  of  their  people  are 
rebels,  the  quicker  we  cut  them  off  the  better  ;  for  we  do  not 
want  those  states  as  conquered  provinces.  But,  on  the  con- 
trary, if  there  is  a  substantial  Union  party  in  those  states, 
pressed  down  by  the  mob  spirit  which  there  rules  the  hour, 
the  duty  of  the  government  and  of  the   people  of  the  free 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT.  39 

States,  is  too  plain  for  exposition.  They  must  be  sustained 
under  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  Union,  even  if  it  be 
necessary  to  hang  a  traitor  wherever  two  roads  meet!' 

Again,  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  the  same  month,  the  editor 
proceeds  in  this  strain  :  — 

"  The  north  will  not  yield.  The  south  has  begun  this  most  wicked  war, 
and  it  will  be  for  the  south  to  say  when  and  where  it  shall  end.  If  they 
choose  to  run  a  dividing  line  between  the  north  and  the  south  that  shall 
put  all  the  slave  states  upon  the  one  side,  and  the  free  states  on  the  other, 
let  them  do  so  ;  the  field  of  bloody  strife  will  be  upon  their  side  of  the 
line,  whether  it  runs  between  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  Ohio  and  Ken- 
tucky, or  farther  down  south  as  between  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and 
Tennessee,  and  Georgia,  and  Alabama,  and  Mississippi. 

Nobody  wants  to  '  conquer  the  south.'  Nobody  proposes  to  '  conquer 
the  south.'  But  the  north  does  propose  to  siistain  the  gover7nnent.  And 
when  the  south  looks  upon  this  red  line  of  fire  and  blood,  and  sees,  upon 
one  side  of  it,  a  population  decidedly  inferior  in  numbers  and  in  physical 
force,  and  upon  the  other  a  strong  and  united  north,  it  must  see,  unless 
blinded  by  infuriated  passion,  its  utter  incapacity  to  conquer  the  north. 
We  do  not  underrate,  nor  undervalue  the  south,  for  their  valor  on  many 
a  field  has  been  demonstrated.  And  the  south,  for  its  own  sake,  should 
not  underrate  nor  undervalue,  the  north  ;  for  if  this  mighty  antagonism 
must  go  on  to  the  bitter  end,  it  will  not  stop  until  the  great  cause  of  it  is 
blotted  out  of  existence." 

The  closing  words  of  the  above  extract  exhibit  the  aniimts 
of  the  "  Heart  of  the  Commonwealth."  Already,  in  the  first 
week  of  the  rebellion,  the  feeling  here  was  that  slavery,  the 
cause  of  the  war,  must  be  abolished.  However  slowly  and  re- 
luctantly this  conviction  might  be  taken  up  elsewhere,  in 
Worcester  the  almost  universal  belief  was  that  there  could 
be  no  settlement  until  the  cause  of  treason  was  removed. 

In  the  Spy,  —  edited  by  Hon.  John  D.  Baldwin,  —  of  the 
date  May  i,  is  an  article  on  the  "Changed  North,"  which 
shows  how  the  current  of  loyal  feeling  was  running  all 
through  the  north. 

"  The  present  unanimity  of  sentiment  throughout  the  free  states  is  won- 
derful. The  sudden  and  enthusiastic  development  of  this  sentiment  was 
the  great  event  of  the  week  that  followed  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter. 
To  many  it  was  unexpected,  for  the  signs  of  it  had  not  been  visible.     It 


40  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

seemed  to  burst  forth  in  a  moment,  like  a  '  mighty  rushing  wind,'  and  at 
once  partisan  differences  were  forgotten,  partisan  antagonisms  melted 
away,  the  hearts  of  the  people  united  in  a  mighty  cheer  for  the  old  star- 
spangled  banner,  and  in  a  mighty  purpose  to  maintain  our  republican  in- 
stitutions against  the  consjDirators  that  would  destroy  them.  And  the 
power  thus  aroused  in  behalf  of  the  noblest  cause  men  ever  fought  for 
will  be  resistless. 

A  month  ago  there  was  nothing  to  indicate  that  a  vigorous  attempt  of 
the  government  to  defend  itself  and  put  down  treason,  would  not  be 
'fiercely  ojoposed  and  denounced  by  nearly  all  those  in  the  north  who  did 
not  vote  for  Mr.  Lincoln.  But  the  clouds  of  doubt  and  apprehension 
have  been  swept  away.  All  the  realities  of  the  present  position  of  the 
country  are  clearly  seen.  Those  who  have  the  government  in  charge 
know  what  is  demanded  of  them,  and  how  they  will  be  sustained  in  a 
resolute  effort  to  maintain  the  constitution.  Let  them  dismiss  every 
dream  of  compromise  with  treason,  and  act  with  such  swiftness  and 
power  as  will  make  the  conflict  a  short  one,  and  consign  the  conspirators 
to  everlasting  infamy.  We  believe  they  are  equal  to  the  occasion.  They 
are  all  capable,  honest,  and  patriotic,  and  some  of  them  are  among  the 
boldest  and  most  resolute  men  in  the  country.  Have  faith  in  them, 
aid  them,  and  let  them  be  judged  considerately  and  candidly  by  what 
they  do." 

The  general  feeling  and  sentiment  of  Worcester  was  ex- 
pressed in  a  spirited  editorial  in  the  Spy,  on  the  twenty-sixth 
of  April.  Speaking  of  the  resistance  made  by  the  rebel  mob 
in  Baltimore  to  the  passage  of  loyal  troops,  it  said  :  — 

"  This  state  of  things'  is  not  to  be  endured,  and  the  whole  north  should 
unite  at  once,  and  make  such  a  path  to  the  capital  as  Baltimore  will  never 
again  dare  to  interfere  with.  Let  that  notorious  city  be  made  a  heap  of 
ruins,  if  need  be,  and  bury  under  them  the  whole  generation  of  rowdies 
that  now  make  it  a  disgrace  to  civihzation.  The  well-being  of  the  whole 
nation  demands  the  extermination  of  that  Baltimore  mob.  There  should 
be  200,000  men  afoot  as  soon  as  possible,  in  addition  to  the  number  al- 
ready called  for  by  the  government,  and  a  part  of  them  should  occupy 
Maryland.  The  government  has  forborne,  and  sought  to  *  conciliate  '  re- 
bellion long  enough.     It  is  time  to  strike  back  and  strike  hard." 

The  Daily  Transcript  spoke  in  loyal  tones,  and  in  plain 
terms  indicated  the  cause  of  the  rebellion  as  well  as  the  ne- 
cessity for  its  destruction.  On  the  fourth  of  May,  it  ex- 
pressed itself  as  follows  :  — 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT.  4I 

"  Let  US  not  forget  that  slavery  is  the  great  fundamental  cause  of  all 
our  troubles.  All  that  has  ever  been  said  against  it,  and  its  evil  influ- 
ences and  dangerous  results,  from  Jefferson  to  Sumner,  is  now  sustained 
and  demonstrated.  If  the  south  is  joined  to  its  idols,  and  no  voice  is 
heard  through  all  its  borders  raised  for  truth  and  freedom,  the  north  is 
none  the  less  united  in  its  devotion  to  the  great  principles  upon  which  our 
government  rests.  No  more  hesitation,  no  more  doubts  and  discussing 
the  work  which  the  fathers  ought  to  have  done,  but  was  left  undone  for  us 
to  do.  This  generation  may  be  crushed  in  discharging  their  momentous 
duty  ;  but  our  children,  as  they  enter  on  their  heritage  of  freedom,  will 
bless  us  for  the  settlement  of  this  vexed  question  finally." 

The  Worcester  Daily  Times,  a  democratic  paper  published 
at  the  time,  shared  in  the  universal  spirit  of  loyalty  to  the 
flag. 

In  other  forms,  opinions  and  feeling  were  embodied  into 
action.  The  platform  was  called  into  use  ;  committees  were 
appointed  ;  societies  of  ladies  were  formed  to  work  for  the 
soldiers  ;  and  in  every  practicable  way  means  were  employed 
to  prepare  men  for  the  field,  and  to  comfort  them  when  sick 
or  wounded. 

At  a  public  meeting  held  on  the  fourth  of  May,  a  commit- 
tee, chosen  at  a  previous  meeting,  consisting  of  Hon.  Charles 
Allen,  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  Hon.  W.  W.  Rice,  Joseph  Mason, 
Esq.,  and  Dr.  George  Chandler,  made  an  able  and  patriotic 
report,  in  which  they  expressed  the  opinion  that  it  was  "  im- 
portant to  have  a  standing  committee  appointed  to  call  upon 
the  citizens  for  contributions  whenever  they  shall  deem  it 
necessary  or  expedient,  in  behalf  of  objects  connected  with 
the  war."  After  remarks  pertinent  to  the  occasion  from  gen- 
tlemen present,  the  recommendation  was  approved,  and  the 
following  gentlemen  were  appointed  a  committee  for  the 
specified  purpose,  viz.  :  Messrs.  Joseph  Mason,  A.  H.  Bullock, 
David  S.  Messenger,  F.  H.  Kinnicutt,  George  W.  Benchley, 
Albert  Tolman,  Patrick  O'Keefe,  Martin  Stowe,  P.  S.  Moen, 
Edwin  Draper. 

The  ladies  promptly  took  measures  to  provide  such  neces- 
saries and  comforts  for  the  soldiers  as  are  not  furnished  by 
the  government,  but  which  are  always  greatly  needed   in  war. 


42  WORCESTER   IN   THE    WAR. 

and  which  go  far  to  preserve  life  and  restore  health  in  cases 
of  disease  or  wounds.  Before  a  society  was  organized  here, 
several  ladies  did  much  active  work  for  the  cause.  Mrs.  T. 
A.  Clark,  Mrs.  M.  Spooner,  Mrs.  Paine  Aldrich,  Mrs.  J.  S. 
Pinkham,  Miss  Sarah  Wheeler,  Miss  Jenny  Green,  and  others 
whose  names  cannot  be  recalled,  were  among  the  pioneers. 
"  By  these  ladies,"  says  Stella,  in  the  Palladmin  of  May  first, 
"the  sum  of  ^i6i  was  immediately  raised,  and  preparations 
for  work  and  for  calling  a  public  meeting  commenced." 
Several  ladies  connected  with  various  churches,  according  to 
another  account,  "  volunteered  to  raise  the  necessary  funds  to 
purchase  flannels  to  make  into  undershirts  for  the  volun- 
teers." Probably  this  spirit  began  to  show  itself  in  the  dilTer- 
ent  religious  societies,  and  in  the  several  neighborhoods  about 
the  town,  at  or  near  the  same  time.  It  was  thought  best  to 
organize  and  concentrate  the  energy  of  the  ladies,  and  accord- 
ingly a  meeting  was  held  in  the  vestry  of  the  Central  Church 
on  the  twenty-fifth  of  April  "  to  adopt  measures  for  the 
supply  of  our  troops  with  clothing."  Mrs.  John  Boyden  pre- 
sided, and  Miss  Martha  Le  Baron  acted  as  secretary.  After 
prayer  for  divine  direction  by  Dr.  Sweetser,  the  following 
were  chosen  as  permanent  officers.  President,  Miss  Martha 
Le  Baron  ;  Vice-president,  Mrs.  William  B.  Fox ;  Secretary, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Nelson  ;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Frederic  S.  Leon- 
ard ;  Executive  Committee,  Mrs.  William  M.  Bickford,  Mrs. 
Theodore  Brown,  Mrs.  Griggs,  Miss  Caroline  He3^wood, 
Miss  Emma  Allen,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Osgood,  and  Mrs.  Charles  E. 
Stevens.  These  were  to  "co-operate  with  citizens  disposed 
to  contribute  money,  or  materials  for  clothing,  for  the  Wor- 
cester troops."  On  the  twenty-ninth  of  April,  ladies  were  at 
work  for  the  soldiers  in  the  vestries  of  the  Central  and  Salem 
Street  churches.  On  the  seventh  of  May,  several  large 
trunks  full  of  clothing  and  other  things  for  the  troops,  with 
some  three  hundred  letters,  were  sent  on  by  the  night  mail 
train,  in  charge  of  Mr.  O'Driscoll. 

The  twelfth  of  May  was  the  Sabbath,  but  so  urgent  was  the 
call  for  clothing  and  other  necessaries,  that  notice  was  given 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT.  43 

from  most  of  the  pulpits  in  the  morning,  inviting  the  ladies 
to  meet  in  the  afternoon,  with  their  needles,  &c.  In  re- 
sponse, a  large  number  met  and  sewed  from  one  to  six 
o'clock.  Work  on  clothing  for  the  Rifle  Battalion,  which 
it  was  necessary  to  have  done  immediately,  was  much 
advanced. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  May,  Major  Theron  E.  Hall  went  south 
with  a  large  quantity  of  clothing,  letters,  papers,  &c.,  for  the 
troops.  By  the  seventeenth  of  May  the  ladies  had  reached 
these  results,  viz:  400  pairs  of  pants,  196  jackets,  25  uniform 
jackets,  412  handkerchiefs,  294  towels,  253  pairs  of  stockings, 
281  bags  with  sewing  materials,  40  flannel  shirts,  71  white 
shirts,  6  sheets,  5  bundles  of  bandages,  2  reams  of  paper,  2 
boxes  of  envelopes.  They  had  raised  in  money,  ^204,  and 
paid  out  $152.25. 

On  the  twenty-fifth,  Major  Hall  returned  from  the  army, 
and  reported  "  our  soldiers  all  in  fine  condition,  and  amply 
supplied  with  clothing  and  provisions." 

In  this  connection  a  letter  may  be  quoted,  which  shows 
how  the  kindness  of  the  ladies  was  appreciated  by  the  "  boys 
in  blue."  A  member  of  the  Emmet  Guards  wrote  home  in  a 
letter,  printed  in  the  Daily  Spy,  May  27,  as  follows : 
"  The  boys  look  finely  since  they  have  got  their  new  coats  and 
pants.  The  ladies  of  Worcester  are  deserving  of  great  praise  ; 
but  if  they  could  only  see  the  poor  fellows  after  receiving 
their  offerings,  it  would  be  a  sufficient  reward  for  anything 
they  have  done  or  can  do.  They  compare  their  presents,  like 
little  children.  One  will  say,  '  Who  sent  you  that } '  The 
reply  is,  '  I  do  not  know,  but  God  bless  them,  whoever 
it  was.'  Then  somebody  will  propose  three  cheers  for  the 
ladies  of  Worcester  ;  then  another,  for  our  mothers  and 
sisters  ;  then  a  tiger  for  our  sweethearts  ;  and  that  is  the  way 
they  go  on  the  rest  of  the  evening,  until  tattoo,  when  they  go 
to  sleep,  and  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  turn  out  at  a 
moment's  notice." 

From  another  letter  written  by  a  member  of  the  battalion 
and  dated  Fort  McHenry,  in  the  latter  part  of  May,  the  foi- 


44  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

lowing  is  taken   because  it  exhibits  the   effects  produced  on 
the  feelings  of  the  soldiers  by  the  handiwork  of  the  ladies. 

"  Among  the  many  guests  from  Worcester  who  visited  our  quarters 
here,  Major  Hall  was  the  most  welcome,  not  that  the  others  were  less 
amiable,  but  because  he  brought  us  many  boxes  of  things  that  were 
needed.  The  ladies  of  Worcester,  as  I  see  by  the  papers,  have  zeal- 
ously worked  to  contribute  their  mite  to  the  comfort  of  the  soldiers, 
for  which  they  have  deserved  our  sincerest  thanks,  and  which  are  here- 
with returned  to  them,  with  the  assurance  that  we  shall  strive  to  show 
ourselves  worthy  of  such  kind  attention.  The  boxes  that  contained  our 
clothes  are  unpacked  yet,  while  the  trunks  that  contained  dozens  of  bun- 
dles for  the  different  members  of  the  battalion  are  already  distributed. 
You  ought  to  have  seen  the  smiles  that  brightened  their  countenances 
when  the  contents  of  the  bundles  revealed  themselves,  after  a  most  expe- 
ditious process  of  peeling  off  the  wrappers.  Many  a  heart  was  gladdened 
by  the  various  '  remember  me,'  while  others  who  stood  round  the  box 
of  Santa  Claus,  in  anxious  expectation  of  the  things  that  might  fall  to  their 
lot,  went  to  sleep  in  disappointment.  I  was  also  one  of  the  favorites  of 
Santa  Claus,  as  he  handed  me  a  box  that  contained  very  desirable  and 
well-selected  articles.  My  thanks  to  him.  Some  of  us  to-day  are  still 
under  the  influence  of  the  first  impression  which  the  articles  caused  on  the 
mind  or  stomach  of  the  various  recipients." 

Thus  there  was  constant  action  and  re-action  between  the 
soldiers  in  the  field  and  their  friends  at  home.  The  soldiers 
were  incited  to  fidelity  and  endurance  by  the  thought  that 
busy  hands  were  working,  and  anxious  hearts  were  praying 
for  them,  by  the  fireside,  while  the  ever-present  conviction  in 
the  minds  of  those  at  home,  that  absent  ones  were  exposed  to 
all  the  perils  of  the  camp,  the  march,  and  the  fight,  increased 
the  interest  in  the  great  cause  for  which  the  soldiers  were 
contending. 

A  few  miscellaneous  items,  belonging  to  the  time  under 
review,  will  bring  this  chapter  to  a  close. 

At  the  various  flag-raisings  which  occurred  almost  every 
day,  patriotic  speakers  improved  the  occasion  to  deepen  the 
convictions  of  the  people  in  the  justice  of  the  cause  for 
which  the  North  had  taken  up  arms.  Among  tliese  speakers 
were  ex-mayors  Davis  and  Rice,  and  many  others  well 
known  to  the  public.  Two  occasions  of  this  kind  may  be 
taken  as  specimens  of  the  whole. 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT.  45 

The  first  took  place  at  New  Worcester  on  the  sixth  of 
May.  It  was  a  gala  day  for  the  people  of  that  quiet 
but  growing  village.  A  magnificent  liberty  pole,  one  hun- 
dred feet  high,  and  second  to  none  in  the  city,  was  set  up, 
with  enthusiastic  greetings.  At  sunset  the  stars  and 
stripes  were  run  up,  and  a  national  salute  of  thirty-four 
guns  was  fired.  The  flag  was  made  by  the  ladies  of  the 
village,  and  reflected  great  credit  upon  all  who  were  in  any 
way  connected  with  it.  In  the  evening  there  was  an  enthu- 
siastic meeting  in  Union  Hall,  at  which  Lorin  Wetherel 
presided.  Eloquent  and  patriotic  speeches  were  made  by 
the  chairman,  Rev.  Daniel  Dorchester,  pastor  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  John  Dean,  John  Toulmin,  Lyman  Whitcomb, 
Charles  Hersey,  and  others.  Thanks  were  returned  to  the 
ladies  of  the  village  who  took  part  in  making  the  flag,  and 
to  his  Honor  the  mayor,  for  placing  the  flag-staff'  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  citizens.  The  residents  of  New  Worcester  were 
ever  ready  to  defend  their   flag  and  country  at  all  hazards. 

Another  flag  was  raised  on  the  ninth,  about  sunset,  by 
the  teachers  and  children  of  the  St.  John  Sunday  school,  of 
which  Henry  Murray  was  superintendent.  The  flag  was 
twenty-five  by  fifteen  feet,  with  the  stars  arranged  in  the 
form  of  a  harp,  and  was  raised  on  a  staff"  rising  seventy- 
five  feet  from  the  grounds  of  the  Catholic  Institute.  A 
throng  of  friends  was  present,  and  Joslyn's  Band  furnished 
music  for  the  occasion.  The  members  of  the  school  sang 
the  "  Red,  White  and  Blue"  and  "  Star-Spangled  Banner," 
and  gave  twenty  cheers,  in  which  the  crowd  joined  most 
heartily.  This  Sunday  school  had  five  teachers  in  the  Third 
Battalion  Rifles. 

The  passage  of  the  First  Regiment  of  New  Hampshire  vol- 
unteers through  the  city,  on  the  way  to  the  war,  on  the 
afternoon  of  May  21,  was  an  occasion  of  universal  interest. 
The  regiment  alighted  from  the  train  on  the  common,  and 
were  escorted  thence  to  Mechanics  Hall,  where  a  bountiful 
collation  had  been  provided  for  them,  to  which  the  mayor, 
in  behalf  of  the  city,  gave  them  a  welcome  in  a  truly  patriotic 


46  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

and  eloquent  speech.  On  the  platform  were  the  ex-mayors 
of  the  city,  Messrs.  Lincoln,  Bacon,  Knovvlton,  Rice  and 
Bullock,  and  the  members  of  the  city  government.  Mayor 
Davis  alluded  to  the  intimate  relations  which  had  existed  in 
past  times  between  the  people  of  the  Granite  State  and  of 
the  Old  Bay  State,  who  went  shoulder  to  shoulder  through 
the  battles  of  the  revolution,  achieving  equal  honor,  and  he 
"  trusted  they  would  now  also  be  found  equal  in  their  deter- 
mination to  uphold  the  flag  of  their  country  at  all  hazards, 
and  trample  down  rebellion  and  treason,  to  the  extermination 
from  the  land  of  all  rebels  and  traitors  who  would  sully  the 
honor  of  the  flag."  Colonel  Tappan  replied,  saying  he  could 
hardly  find  words  adequately  to  express  his  "gratitude  for 
the  cordial  manner  in  which  they  had  been  received  in  the 
heart  of  the  old  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts.  He 
spoke  of  Massachusetts  as  the  pioneer  state  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  also  as  the  first  to  shed  blood  in  this  sacred  strife, 
but  maintained  that  New  Hampshire,  although  coming  later 
into  the  field,  was  no  less  patriotic,  and  would  be  no  less 
enthusiastic  in  her  eflbrts  to  strike  down  treason.  Her 
soldiers  would  fight,  side  by  side,  and  shoulder  to  shoulder, 
with  those  from  this  state,  as  in  the  day  of  1776,  until  the 
same  glorious  old  banner  shall  float  again  over  every  state, 
fortress,  and  territory  where  it  waved  previous  to  the  rebell- 
ion." After  the  collation,  the  regiment  was  escorted  to  the 
common,  where  amid  sympathetic  shoutings  and  a  parting 
salute  of  cannon,  the  train  moved  away.  Says  the  Spy, 
after  giving  an  account  of  the  reception  :  "  The  intense,  even 
sad  interest,  with  which  the  passage  of  these  troops  was 
watched  by  our  entire  population,  was  worthy  of  a  city  that 
has  sent  so  many  sons  to  the  inevitable  battle-field." 

In  the  meantime  the  military  men  of  the  city  were  organ- 
izing for  future  service.  On  the  twenty-fourth  of  April,  the 
honorary  and  past  members  of  the  Worcester  Light  Infantry, 
held  a  meeting  at  their  armory,  and  adopted  a  plan  of  organ- 
ization. The  plan  contemplated  two  classes  of  members  ; 
one  to  constitute  a  Home  Guard,  and  the  other  to  consist  of 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CONFLICT.  47 

active  members  from  whom  to  recruit  the  present  company 
now  in  service,  should  it  become  necessary.  Many  names 
were  enrolled. 

On  the  twenty-sixth,  the  past  and  fine  members  of  the  City 
Guards  held  a  large  and  spirited  meeting.  General  George 
Hobbs  was  in  the  chair,  and  John  Boyden  was  clerk.  The 
permanent  organization  was  completed  by  the  election  of 
officers.  The  list  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  the 
"  Guards." 

The  objects  in  view  were  the  formation  of  a  Home  Guard, 
the  selection  of  a  Relief  Committee,  and  holding  regular 
meetings  for  the  military  drill  of  those  who  might  join  as 
recruiting  members.  The  Trumpeter  of  the  City  Guards, 
W.  H.  Heywood,  was  one  of  the  famous  "six  hundred"  who 
made  the  charge  at  Balaklava,  when 

"  Cannon  to  right  of  them, 
Cannon  to  left  of  them, 
Cannon  in  front  of  them, 
Vollied  and  thundered." 

On  the  first  of  May,  the  Home  Guards,  consisting  of  hon- 
orary, past  members,  and  friends  of  the  Worcester  Light 
Infantry,  organized  by  choosing  officers.  The  names  will 
be  found  in  the  chapter  relating  to  the  "  Guards." 

A  new  military  company  was  also  formed,  with  the  fol- 
lowing officers :  Albert  H.  Foster,  Captain  ;  John  W.  Davis, 
First  Lieutenant  ;  John  VV.  Grout,  Second  Lieutenant  ;  John 
S.  Hall,  Third  Lieutenant ;  George  W,  Goddard,  Fourth 
Lieutenant.  This  company  was  drilled  by  Lieutenant 
Grout. 

On  the  fourth  of  May,  the  Worcester  Franklin  Guards 
chose  the  following  officers  :  David  M.  Woodward,  Captain  ; 
W.  H.  Monahan,  First  Lieutenant ;  A.  B.  Forbes,  Second 
Lieutenant ;  Anson  Withey,  Third  Lieutenant  ;  L.  G.  Knif- 
fin.  Fourth  Lieutenant ;  Francis  Bridges,  Clerk. 

The  following  incidents  show  the  different  modes  by  which 
the  sentiments  of  the  people  were  expressed  at  the  time. 

On   the   twenty-seventh   of  April,  early  in    the    morning. 


48  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

"  Jefif.  Davis  "  was  found  hanging  in  effigy  on  a  tree  at  the 
corner  of  Main  and  Elm  streets. 

An  old  resident  of  the  city,  but  by  birth  a  native  of  South 
Carolina,  declared  that,  though  he  loved  his  native  state, 
he  hoped  every  man  there  who  had  a  hand  in  the  secession 
movement,  might  be  hung  as  a  warning  to  all  traitors. 

At  a  meeting  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  April,  the  city  coun- 
cil made  an  appropriation  of  ^3,000  to  be  expended  in  uni- 
forms and  equipments  for  troops  called  into  actual  service. 

In  the  meantime  our  extemporized  but  well-equipped 
soldiers  had  begun  to  learn  the  rough  experiences  of  the 
camp.  The  Infantry  were  guarding  the  national  capital, 
and  the  Rifle  Batallion  were  keeping  open  the  road  to  it 
from  the  north  in  defiance  of  the  rebels  of  Baltimore. 


THE   LIGHT   INFANTRY   IN   THE   FIELD.  49 


CHAPTER   III. 

THE  LIGHT  INFANTRY  IN  THE  FIELD. 

The  hurried  departure  of  the  Light  Infantry,  as  a  part  of 
the  Stxth  Regiment,  and  the  rude  reception  in  Baltimore,  have 
already  been  recited.  The  following  extract  from  a  letter 
dated  April  20,  and  written  in  the  Senate  chamber  at  Wash- 
ington, will  be  read  with  interest. 

"From  one  end  of  our  route  to  the  other,  our  progress  has  been  one  con- 
tinued ovation.  We  have  no  cause  to  find  fault  with  our  reception  at  any 
point.  At  Philadelphia  our  entrance  was  magnificent.  We  were  escorted 
to  our  quarters  in  Continental  Hall  by  what  seemed  to  be  the  entire  popu- 
lace of  Philadelphia,  who  cheered  us  vehemently,  and  even  rushed  upon 
our  ranks  to  shake  hands  and  give  us  a  right  hearty  welcome.  They 
shouted  until  they  were  hoarse,  and  then  insisted  upon  embracing  us. 
'  All  hail,  Massachusetts  ! '  '  Bunker  Hill  is  on  hand  ! '  '  We'll  follow  the 
Old  Bay  State,'  &c.  Reaching  Philadelphia,  our  men  were  very  much 
fatigued,  and  after  a  hearty  supper  at  the  Girard  House,  we  '  turned  in ' 
upon  our  blankets  and  the  bare  floor  for  the  night.  At  eleven  o'clock, 
just  as  we  began  to  sleep,  the  drum  called  us  to  arms,  and  in  less  than 
fifteen  minutes  the  regiment  was  marching  to  the  Baltimore  railroad  sta- 
tion, in  obedience  to  orders  from  Washington.  We  had  been  warned  of 
danger  at  Baltimore  and  we  were  ordered  to  load  our  pieces  and  be  ready 
for  action.  We  were  so,  and  not  a  man  flinched.  We  reached  Baltimore. 
No  demonstration  was  made  until  we  became  detached  by  companies 
for  conveyance  across  the  city  on  the  horse  railroad." 

As  Stated  already,  the  Worcester  company  was  in  the  de- 
tachment which  passed  through  the  city  before  the  attack  was 
made  by  the  mob.  In  fact,  our  soldiers  did  not  know  of  the 
attack  until  some  hours  after  it  was  over.  The  fortunes  of 
the  company  are  narrated  in  a  letter  from  Captain  Pratt, 
written  in  the  Senate  chamber,  on  Saturday,  April  20,  after 
their  arrival :  —  "  Here  I  am,  with  all  my  command  safe  and 

4 


50  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

sound,  in  the  most  magnificent  barracks  in  the  world,  the 
Senate  chamber  of  the  United  States  ;  and  the  most  impres- 
sive scene  I  ever  witnessed  was  that  presented  by  this  cham- 
ber last  night,  when,  sitting  at  the  desk  of  Senator  Trum- 
bull, I  looked  upon  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  the  Massachusetts 
line,  as  armed  to  the  teeth,  they  slept  upon  the  floor  and  in 
the  galleries  of  the  Senate  chamber.  We  are  ordered  to 
garrison  the  capitol  building,  and  shall  probably  remain  here 
for  some  time  —  perhaps  until  we  return.  Everything  is  as 
pleasant  as  pleasant  can  be."  The  Light  Infantry  was  one 
of  the  first,  if  not  the  very  first  company  of  northern  troops, 
armed  and  equipped,  to  enter  the  national  capital ;  and  the 
natives  of  Massachusetts  who  were  residing  there  felt  not 
only  a  sense  of  security,  but  a  thrill  of  state  pride,  as  they 
beheld  our  soldiers  marching  through  the  streets,  and  taking 
their  position  as  guardians  of  the  capital  and  the  capitol. 

A  letter  from  Dexter  F.  Parker  continues  our  history. 
Extracts  will  be  taken  so  far  as  they  let  us  see  the  life  and 
services  of  the  soldiers.  The  date  is  April  22,  and  the  place 
is  the  Senate  chamber. 

"  At  the  hour  of  writing  this,  no  more  troops  have  arrived,  and  we  have 
no  rehable  news  from  the  north  ;  besides,  we  are  most  painfully  conscious 
that  no  letters  from  us  have  yet  reached  our  anxious  friends  at  home  since 
the  Sixth  Regiment  arrived  here.  Yesterday  —  Sunday  —  was  indeed  a 
busy  day  with  us  ;  for  early  in  the  morning  orders  came  to  at  once  pre- 
pare ovens  to  bake  our  bread,  and  to  lay  pipes  to  secure  us  water  ;  and 
in  comijany  with  other  volunteers,  we  went  at  the  work  briskly,  and  by 
to-morrow  we  sliall  have  the  means  of  standing  a  regular  seige,  having 
now  stored  here  in  the  capitol  over  five  thottsand  barrels  of  flour,  besides 
pork,  beans,  beef,  (salt)  and  bacon,  and  our  supply  of  water  will  be  ample 
for  the  five  hundred  troops  now  stationed  within  the  walls." 

Speaking  of  the  mustering  of  the  regiment  into  the  na- 
tional service,  the  writer  says :  "  Our  company  beats  the 
crowd,  in  numbers,  to  say  the  least.  We  mustered  ninety- 
four.  After  the  roll-call  was  finished,  we  were  drawn  up  in 
a  hollow  square  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Union, 
and  eight   hundred  voices,  with  the  left   hand   clasping  the 


THE    LIGHT    INFANTRY    IN    THE    FIELD.  5 1 

musket,  and  the  right  hand  lifted  to  heaven,  swore  their 
fealty  anew  to  their  country  and  its  laws."  After  relating 
that  a  few  members  of  other  companies  refused  to  take  the 
oath,  he  goes  on  :  — 

"  Do  you  blame  us  for  feeling  exultant  over  our  corps,  who  had  not  a 
single  man  to  decline  to  take  the  oath,  or  to  stand  by  his  country  ?  After 
this  form  of  mustering,  we  broke  column,  and  each  company  started  for 
its  quarters  ;  and  just  as  we  entered  the  building,  all  of  us  sung  the 
chorus  of  the  '  Star-Spangled  Banner,'  and  seven  hundred  men  re-echoed 
in  the  capitol  the  soul-stirring  lines  : 

'  The  star-spangled  banner,  O  long  may  it  wave, 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave.' 

You  should  have  heard  how  those  hollow  arches,  partitions  and  halls, 
rung  with  our  refrain,  which  the  '  Infantry  '  has  taken  for  its  rallying 
cry,  as  well  also,  the  '  Red,  White  and  Blue.'  After  a  little  rest  we  were 
all  mustered  again  and  marched  down  to  the  White  House,  passing  in 
review  before  '  honest  old  Abe '  and  General  Scott.  It  was  a  grand  sight 
to  see  our  long  files  marching  down  the  avenue  with  '  arms  at  will,'  and 
our  muskets  glistening  like  silver  in  a  summer's  sun,  all  of  them  half- 
cocked  and  capped,  ready  to  be  fired  at  an  instant.  The  regiment 
marched  splendidly,  steady,  firm,  in  good  order,  and  attracted  great  atten- 
tion. The  old  hero  of  Lundy's  Lane  and  Chepultepec,  praised  us  highly, 
and  as  we  filed  up  the  hill  to  the  capitol,  the  regiment  showed  grandly. 
Our  Worcester  boys  enjoyed  it  much,  and  need  I  tell  our  many  friends 
at  home  how  proud  we  are  to  have  the  largest  company  in  the  whole 
regiment,  and  not  a  cowardly  sneak  among  us." 

The  following  bits  of  letters,  written  in  the  latter  part  of 
April,  set  forth  life  in  camp  as  freshly  as  when  first  received. 
"This  morning — Sunday,  April  28,  —  at  ten  o'clock,  we 
assembled  in  the  Senate  chamber  for  divine  services,  and  a 
most  expressive  sermon  was  delivered  by  our  chaplain,  Rev. 
Mr.  Babbridge  of  Pepperell.  He  said  we  were  here  as  the 
accredited  representatives  of  New  England,  and  that  we  must 
reflect  credit  on  the  Old  Bay  State.  Unconsciously  came 
the  tears  into  the  eyes  of  our  men  as  the  preacher  drew  a 
touching  little  home  picture  of  the  sober  stillness  which  per- 
vaded the  numerous  places  of  worship  in  the  Old  Bay  State 
on  this  quiet  Sabbath  morning,  and  spoke  of  the  prayers  as- 


52  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

cendiiig  to  heaven  for  our  safety."  A  letter  signed  J.  W.  D., 
says  :  "  The  Worcester  Light  Infantry  are  under  great  obli- 
gations to  many  friends  who  are  constantly  looking  after  our 
wants.  Captain  Perkins  of  Worcester  is  constantly  doing 
something  for  us.  Miss  Barton,  a  relative  of  Judge  Barton, 
and  Mrs.  Vassall,  both  of  this  city,  but  natives  of  Worcester 
county,  are  among  us  like  angels,  ministering  to  our  wants, 
and  bringing  us  little  luxuries  and  dainties  for  the  sick. 
They  are  descendants  of  revolutionary  stock,  and  nobly  do 
they  maintain  the  good  fame  of  their  ancestry.  We  generally 
*  turn  in '  for  the  night  at  ten  o'clock,  and  this  is  the  way  of  it, 
—  a  funny  way  of  going  to  bed.  We  just  roll  ourselves  in  our 
blankets  and  tumble  upon  the  floor  of  the  Senate  chamber, 
using  our  knapsacks  for  pillows  ;  and  I  assure  you,  we  never 
slept  sounder  upon  our  beds  at  home.  .  .  There  has  been 
great  confusion  in  regard  to  our  rations,  owing  to  the  sudden- 
ness of  our  arrival  here  and  the  number  of  troops  constantly 
coming  in  to  be  provided  for.  We  eat  but  twice  a  day.  In 
the  morning  we  get  fried  pork,  bread,  and  coffee  without 
milk.  For  supper  we  have  either  fried  beef  or  soup,  and 
cold  water.  It  is  toiigJi  for  those  of  our  boys  who  have  eat 
at  their  fathers'  well-laid  tables,  and  had  free  access  to  mam- 
ma's pies  and  cakes.  But  it  won't  hurt  them.  When  they 
get  home  they  will  be  able  to  appreciate  good  living,  and  will 
never  grumble  at  common  yankee  fare,  .  .  .  The  great  dan- 
ger threatening  our  country,  which  danger  calls  forth  in 
battle  array  the  bravest  of  our  men,  obliterates  all  party  lines, 
and  cements  us  all  together  as  one  man,  ready  to  endure  all 
hardship  and  all  danger,  and  sacrifice  our  lives,  even,  for  the 
Union,  and  for  the  integrity  of  our  glorious  old  stars  and 
stripes.  We  don't  sing  anything  but  national  songs,  and  the 
harmonious  strains  of  the  *  Star-Spangled  Banner,'  and 
good  old  *  America,'  may  constantly  be  heard  swelling  up 
from  the  various  company  quarters." 

Whenever  the  president  appeared,  the  soldiers  cheered 
him  most  heartily,  and  counted  it  a  great  privilege  to  take 
him  by  the  hand.     Thus   early  did  he  acquire  that   love  and 


THE    LIGHT    INFANTRY    IN    THE    FIELD.  53 

confidence  of  the  soldiery  which  followed  him  to  the  end  of 
his  life. 

The  great  service  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  of  which  our 
Light  Infantry  was  a  component  part,  in  saving  the  capital  of 
the  nation  from  capture  by  the  rebels,  has  passed  into  the 
history  of  the  country.  It  constituted  a  bright  page,  which 
the  citizens  of  Worcester  may  read  with  pride  in  all  the 
generations  to  come.  The  capital  being  made  secure  by 
the  massing  of  a  large  body  of  troops  in  and  near  Washing- 
ton, the  Light  Infantry  were  moved  from  the  capitol  build- 
ing, as  will  be  seen  from  a  letter  dated  May  7,  at  Elk  Ridge 
Landing,  Md.     Says  J.  W.  D.  :  — 

"  We  received  marching  orders  from  General  Butler,  Saturday  after- 
noon, and  on  Sunday  morning  were  marched  to  the  depot.  Hosts  of 
our  friends  in  Washington  surrounded  us  and  bade  us  good-bye.  We 
reached  Elk  Ridge  Landing,  near  the  Relay  House,  at  nightfall,  and  took 
possession  of  the  heights  which  command  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  and 
Baltimore  and  Washington  railroads.  On  reaching  here  we  found  that  our 
camp  equipage  had  not  arrived.  It  began  to  rain,  and  we  were  without 
shelter  of  any  kind.  Each  company  divided  the  men  into  squads,  and 
all  went  to  work  making  wigwams  of  the  limbs  of  trees,  and  such  fence 
rails  as  could  be  found.  As  soon  as  we  had  these  made,  we  packed  in 
supperless,  like  so  many  sheep.  Myself  and  sixteen  others  crowded  into 
one  of  these  tents,  with  nothing  to  lie  on  save  some  leaves  of  trees  spread 
on  the  wet  ground,  and  with  the  rain  pouring  in  all  night.  Parker  was  in 
our  squad,  but  we  were  too  crowded  for  him  ;  and  he  and  Captain  Pratt 
lay  on  the  ground  outside,  near  the  fire." 

Here  the  company  and  their  comrades  remained  all  day 
in  the  rain,  through  Monday,  on  the  top  of  the  ridge,  without 
shelter.  Then  finding  a  pile  of  boards,  they  set  up  a  shanty 
which  afforded  some  protection.  A  thunder  gust  took  off 
the  roof,  but  in  five  minutes  it  was  replaced,  and  the  happy 
owners  named  the  establishment  the  "  Pratt  House,"  in 
honor  of  the  Captain,  who  was  invited  to  "  snooze  "  inside. 
This  same  evening,  our  troops,  which  liad  the  power  to  cut 
off  all  intercourse  between  Baltimore  and  Virginia,  sfopped 
a  train  with  four  car-loads  of  flour  on  the  way  to  the  "  Old 
Dominion."      The    cars    were   lod<;ed,    but    the    doors   were 


54  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

broken  open  with  axes,  the  flour  taken  out,  the  train  searched, 
and  then  allowed  to  pass.  On  the  morning  of  the  seventh 
of  May,  another  train  was  stopped,  and  a  large  quantity  of 
tea  and  tobacco  for  Virginia  was  seized. 

A  letter  from  the  lamented  Dexter  F.  Parker,  dated  the 
tenth  of  May,  carries  forward  the  history  of  the  company  in 
connection  with  that  of  the  regiment. 

"  Last  evening,"  says  the  letter,  "  was  a  gala  one  for  the  regiment. 
The  ladies  in  a  village  lying  in  the  valley  some  hundred  rods  below  us, 
flung  to  the  breeze  the  "  stars  and  stripes,"  and  just  as  it  reached  the  top 
of  the  flagstaff,  three  hundred  or  so  of  us  made  Elk  Ridge  Valley  ring 
with  cheers,  such  as  only  soldiers  situated  as  we  are,  can  give  ;  and  after 
that  two  hundred  voices  sang,  with  cheers  and  shouts  intermingled,  the 
*  Star-Spangled  Banner,'  '  Columbia,' the '  Gem  of  the  Ocean,'  and  'God 
Save  America,'  and  need  I  say  we  made  the  hills  and  valleys  ring  with 
these  glorious  songs  and  our  National  Anthem.  At  nightfall  there  was 
uncommon  activity  in  the  camp,  for  the  '  Baltimore  roughs  '  threatened 
to  come  down  and  give  us  an  '  evening  call,'  and  every  man  was  ready  for 
the  devils  at  any  hour  they  chose  to  come." 

But  the  "  roughs  "  knew  better  than  to  come  within  range 
of  any  of  the  Sixth  Regiment.  None  knew  better  than  they 
that  the  blood  of  the  Massachusetts  men  who  fell  in  Balti- 
more a  few  days  before,  would  have  been  exacted  of  them  to 
the  last  drop.  It  must,  on  the  other  hand,  have  been  exceed- 
ingly grateful  to  the  feelings  of  our  brave  boys  to  cheer  those 
"ladies,"  in  the  Elk  Ridge  valley,  when  they,  right  in  the 
land  of  secession,  where  the  song  "  My  Maryland  "  was  in- 
cessantly sung,  flung  the  grand  old  national  flag  to  the 
breezes  of  heaven.  It  made  them  feel  that  they  had 
friends  near  at  hand  ;  that  while  the  "  plug  uglies  "  of  the 
city  were  their  enemies,  the  ladies  in  the  county  districts 
were  true  to  the  Union. 

It  is  a  matter  of  interest  even  at  this  late  day  to  know 
what  was  the  fare  of  our  soldiers,  day  by  day,  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  war.  These  were  the  rations  served  to  the  com- 
pany each  day,  viz. :"  lOO  pounds  fresh  beef,  or  125  pounds 
salt  meats  ;  100  pounds  crackers,  or  the  same  number  of 
loaves  of  bread  ;  6  pounds  coffee,  12  pounds  sugar,  6  pounds 


THE    LIGHT    INFANTRY    IN    THE    FIELD.  55 

of  soap,  10  pounds  of  rice  or  lo  quarts  of  beans,  2  quarts  of 
vinegar,  2  pounds  of  salt,  36  candles."  At  this  time  the  men 
had  three  meals  a  day,  though  at  times  they  had  suffered 
great  privations. 

The  next  move  of  the  regiment,  with  our  Infantry,  was  to 
Federal  Hill,  near  Baltimore,  where  General  Butler  placed 
them  on  the  thirteenth  of  May.  Says  the  letter  of  Mr. 
Parker  :  — 

"  It  was  not  till  the  train  was  fairly  under  running  speed  that  we  knew 
we  were  '  off  for  Baltimore  ; '  and  need  I  tell  you  how  we  shouted  for  joy 
when  we  knew  the  '  Old  Sixth  '  were  to  show  their  teeth  again  to  the 
ruffians  who  murdered  Whitney,  Needham  and  Ames  ?  The  march  to 
this  place — Federal  Hill  —  was  a  splendid  one.  It  was  dark,  and  not 
a  star  was  visible.  A  little  to  the  west  and  north  of  us  were  black, 
heavy  clouds,  constantly  lighted  up  by  heat  and  chain  lightning,  ever}' 
flash  of  which  glistened  on  our  bayonets,  and  along  the  barrels  of  our 
guns,  revealing  on  the  sidewalks  thousands  of  people,  who  crowded  all 
places  on  the  line  of  march,  and  at  some  points  cheered  us  most  loudly. 
.  .  .  No  sooner  had  we  formed  from  column  into  line  than  the  shower 
reached  us,  and  there  we  stood  in  the  blackest  darkness,  every  flash  of 
the  sharp  lightning  revealing  our  three  well-formed  lines,  and  showing  us, 
right  at  our  feet,  the  splendid  bay,  and  East  Baltimore  rightin  our  front. 
On  the  hill  here  is  a  flagstaff,  and  by  the  flashing  of  the  lightning  we 
saw  running  to  its  top  the  star-spangled  banner,  and  such  cheers  as 
then  rent  the  air  you  cannot  imagine." 

As  the  rain  kept  pouring  down,  and  there  were  no  tents 
to  shelter  the  men.  General  Butler  found  quarters  for  them 
in  an  engine  house  near  by,  which  had  an  engine  room  and 
two  large  halls.  The  citizens  and  the  police  were  very 
attentive  to  them,  bringing  water,  and  otherwise  promoting 
their  comfort,  but  before  they  could  get  any  sleep,  a  false 
alarm  caused  them  to  be  ordered  "  to  fall  in,  instantly," 
it  being  rumored  that  the  "  roughs "  were  attacking  the 
guard.  In  this  way  they  were  kept  up  through  the  night, 
by  the  light  of  "  seventy  monstrous  camp-fires,"  or  sought 
a  little  sleep  in  the  "  mud  and  rain."  By  a  board  fence 
close  to  the  fires,  and  exposed  to  the  storm,  the  Infantry 
passed   the   night,  the  men  "  singing   every  song   they  ever 


$6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

knew,  and  cheering  as  loud  as  they  could  their  Baltimore 
Union  friends  who  came  into  the  camp." 

The  kindness  of  friends  at  home,  and  the  visits  of  those 
who  were  sent  with  supplies,  cheered  the  hearts  of  the 
soldiers,  in  the  time  of  severe  privations.  Here  is  a  speci- 
men of  what  often  occurred  all  through  the  war.  "  From 
our  friends  at  Worcester  we  have  here  William  S.  Lincoln, 
who  has  charge  of  the  new  suit,  and  has  come  to  see  what 
we  want,  while  Governor  Andrew  has  just  had  here,  to 
see  to  our  wants,  R.  A.  Pierce,  adjutant  of  the  Third  Regi- 
ment, and  we  all  feel  that  soon  we  shall  be  in  good  trim. 
Dr.  J.  C.  Ayer  has  just  sent  us,  (the  Infantry)  a  most  gen- 
erous donation  of  his  medicines,  which  are  doing  our  men 
great  good.  The  '  boys '  are  nicely,  tough  and  hearty,  and 
arc  ready  for  any  duty." 

A  letter  of  the  fifteenth  of  May,  speaks  of  the  arrest  of 
Ross  Winans,  a  sympathizer  with  the  rebels,  near  the  Relay 
House,  by  Sergeant  Church  Howe  and  others.  Mr.  D.  F. 
Parker,  while  peering  about  Baltimore  a  few  days  previous 
to  the  date  of  the  letter,  had  found  out  the  manufacture  of  a 
very  murderous  kind  of  balls,  so  "  arranged  as  to  explode 
the  powder  and  scatter  the  ball  on  its  striking  a  hard  sub- 
stance." General  Butler  put  a  stop  to  the  business.  The 
regiment  had  suffered  much  from  a  defective  commissariat, 
but  the  management  of  Sergeant  Church  Howe  brought 
quick  relief  "  The  Sixth  Regiment  will  never  forget  his 
efforts."  Large  supplies  of  extra  rations  were  received  also 
from  friends  in  Worcester,  such  as  excellent  pickles,  cod- 
fish, and  potatoes  ;  besides  jackets  enough  to  supply  the 
regiment.  The  following  words  tell  of  exposure  and  toil, 
since  clothing  is  not  used  up  so  fast  except  in  hard  service. 
"  We  have  looked  anxiously  for  the  box  of  clothing,  es- 
pecially the  pants  from  Worcester.  Some  of  our  boys  are 
obliged  to  appear  in  their  drawers,  and  but  few  have  whole 
pants  to  wear." 

A  private  letter  of  the  same  date  from  Captain  Pratt,  fur- 
nishes the  followinn-  inibrmation  :  — 


THE    LIGHT    INFANTRY    IN    THE    FIELD,  5/ 

"  Since  our  arrival  —  at  Federal  Hill  —  we  have  been  busy  cleaning 
out  secession  holes,  (for  there  are  many  here  yet,)  seizing  arms,  &c. 
Yesterday  a  detachment  of  the  Groton  company  and  the  Worcester  Light 
Infantry,  forty  men,  marched  through  Pratt  street,  (the  scene  of  the  former 
attack,)  seized  2600  stands  of  muskets  and  4000  pikes,  and  through  a 
crowd  of  thousands,  took  them  to  Fort  McHenry.  Threats  and  curses 
came  thick  and  deep,  but  no  attack. 

We  left  some  of  our  men  in  camp  at  the  Relay  House,  who,  with  de- 
tachments from  other  companies,  went  down  nearly  to  Harper's  Ferry, 
night  before  last,  on  a  tour  of  observation,  —  so  you  will  perceive  we 
have  work  enough  to  do.  The  Sixth  is  the  working  regiment  of  the 
army." 

From  letters  bearing  date  between  May  31  and  June 
7,  the  following  facts  are  collected.  On  the  thirty-first 
of  May,  the  company  was  at  the  Relay  House,  then  recog- 
nized as  a  post  instead  of  a  camp.  On  the  thirtieth,  Colonel 
Jones,  who  had  the  command  of  two  regiments  and  the 
Boston  Artillery,  Colonel  Hincks,  of  the  eighth,  Major  Cook, 
of  the  Artillery,  Adjutant  Farr,  Lieutenant  Porter,  Lieu- 
tenant Denny,  (the  writer  of  the  letter),  and  some  sergeants 
and  corporals,  of  the  Artillery,  in  all  thirteen,  mounted  on 
fleet  horses,  in  full  uniforms,  were  out  on  a  tour  of  observa- 
tion. They  rode  about  thirty-five  miles  round  the  country. 
By  order  of  Colonel  Jones,  Lieutenant  Denny  searched  the 
house  of  a  wealthy  and  noted  secessionist,  who  was  reported 
to  have  fire-arms  on  his  premises.  Nothing  was  found,  as 
he  had  joined  the  enemy  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  probably 
taken  his  arms  with  him.  On  Sunday,  June  2,  the  regi- 
ment was  formed  in  line,  and  the  articles  of  war  were  read. 
Some  of  them  related  to  the  morals  of  the  officers  and 
soldiers.  For  example,  an  officer  was  fined  ^i  for  using 
profane  language  in  camp  ;  and  a  private,  for  the  same  of- 
fense, one-sixth  of  a  dollar.  One  of  the  privates  of  the 
Light  Infantry  was  tried  by  court  martial,  for  running  guard 
line,  and  going  out  of  camp,  without  leave.  He  was  sen- 
tenced to  be  confined  three  days,  on  bread  and  water,  then 
taken  before  the  regiment  and  publicly  reprimanded.  On 
the  seventh  of  June,  after  a  great   rain-storm,  the    Infantry 


58  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

found  themselves  in  a  bad  case  for  bedding,  "  Our  supply 
—  of  straw — at  the  commencement  of  this  storm  had  be- 
come entirely  worn  down  ;  in  fact  our  beds  became  one  part 
mud,  one  and  a  half  parts  water,  and  one  half  part  split  and 
flattened  straw.  If  we  had  been  in  comfortable  barracks, 
well  roofed,  we  could  have  straw,  but  as  we  were  soldiers  in 
camp,  dwellers  in  tents,  most  of  which  presented  no  barrier 
to  the  drippings  of  the  water,  we  must  lie  in  mud,  according 
to  law."  Four  or  five  officers  were  court-martialed  ;  one 
for  sleeping  while  on  picket-guard  duty.  This  one  was 
sentenced  to  stand  twenty-four  hours  in  a  conspicuous  place, 
with  a  board  suspended  to  his  neck,  upon  which  his  name 
and  these  words  were  inscribed  :  "  found  asleep  on  picket- 
guard  duty,  and  court-martialed." 

A  letter,  written  by  a  visitor  to  the  camp  on  the  fourth  of 
June,  says  that  "  The  Worcester  Light  Infantry  were  in 
good  condition  at  the  Relay  House,  and  that  Dexter  F. 
Parker  was  acting  as  commissary."  On  the  eleventh  of  June, 
General  Augustus  Morse,  Majors  Hall  and  Fletcher  of  his 
staff.  Colonel  Ivers  Phillips,  Nathan  Washburn  and  others, 
left  for  Washington  and  other  points  of  interest,  taking 
in  charge  a  large  trunk  full  of  packages  and  letters  for  the 
troops.  In  due  time  the  soldiers  from  Worcester  were 
cheered  with  their  presence  and  kind  greetings  from  home. 
On  the  seventeenth  of  June,  Messrs.  Davis  and  Morissey, 
who  visited  our  troops  under  the  auspices  of  the  State  de- 
partment, returned,  and  reported  that  on  the  ninth  and  tenth, 
they  were  at  the  camp  of  the  Sixth  Regiment,  and  they  spoke 
of  it  with  great  praise.  "  The  conduct  of  the  men  at  the 
Relay  camp  —  the  Infantry  were  at  that  station  —  is  so  ex- 
emplary in  every  particular,  that  the  inhabitants  of  the 
vicinity  have  petitioned  General  Scott  to  allow  them  to 
remain." 

On  the  seventeenth  of  June,  the  Sixth  Regiment  was  re- 
viewed by  Major  Morse,  and  marched  to  the  depot  to  receive 
the  First  Massachusetts  Regiment  as  they  passed  to  Washing- 
ton.    The   regiment   was   welcomed   with   the    most   hearty 


THE    LIGHT    INFANTRY    IN    THE    FIELD.  59 

cheers.  A  banner  from  the  ladies  of  New  York  was  pre- 
sented on  the  twenty-first,  which  recognition  of  their  services 
was  gratefully  received.  The  Infantry  as  a  part  of  the  regi- 
ment, were  ordered  to  Baltimore  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  June, 
and  encamped  in  a  grove  belonging  to  a  noted  secessionist. 
At  ten  o'clock  p.m.  of  June  30,  they  were  ordered  to  be  ready 
to  fall  into  line  at  roll  of  the  drum,  and  at  two  o'clock  the  next 
morning,  took  up  line  of  march  through  the  city.  They 
halted  at  the  residence  of  Charles  Howard,  president  of  the 
board  of  Police  Commissioners,  and  arrested  and  took  him 
to  Fort  McHenry.  The  next  day,  July  2,  they  returned  to 
the  Relay  House  without  accident.  On  the  fourth  of  July 
loyal  citizens  of  Baltimore  presented  the  regiment  with  a 
splendid  silk  banner,  with  the  inscription  :  — "  Loyal  citi- 
zens of  Baltimore,  to  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  U.  S.  V. 
Pratt  street,  April  19,  1861."  This  was  one  of  many  grace- 
ful acts  by  the  loyal  people  of  Baltimore,  by  which  their 
abhorrence  of  the  foul  attack  on  the  Sixth  Regiment  was 
expressed. 

On  the  twenty-first  of  July,  the  regiment  was  informed 
that,  their  time  having  expired,  they  would  leave  for  home 
within  two  or  three  days  ;  but  on  the  twenty-second  there 
was  an  alarm  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  ammunition  was 
served  out,  and  the  regiment  was  formed  in  line.  A  dis- 
patch had  been  received  from  General  Banks,  requiring 
them  to  be  ready  for  instant  action,  news  having  been  re- 
ceived that  our  forces  were  retreating  from  Manassas  Junc- 
tion. A  letter  from  the  camp  near  the  Relay  House,  written 
by  a  member  of  the  Infantry,  shows  the  effect  of  the  defeat 
at  Bull  Run  upon  our  soldiers.  "  The  feelings  of  sorrow 
which  fill  the  breast  of  every  soldier  in  our  army,  in  conse- 
quence of  our  defeat  in  Virginia,  is  deeper  than  I  can  de- 
scribe. We  hear  the  story  of  the  terrible  battle  from  those 
who  witnessed  it,  and  from  several  who  were  in  the  hottest 
of  the  fight.  We  have  here  now,  as  prisoners,  two  of  the 
Fire  Zouaves  who  escaped  to  Washington  from  the  field  of 
battle,   and   thence   took  the  cars  this   way,   completely  ex- 


60  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

hausted  and  demoralized.  We  took  them  as  deserters. 
About  one  o'clock  at  night,  on  the  twenty-second  of  July, 
we  received  the  first  news  of  our  defeat,  and  at  the  same 
time,  Colonel  Jones  received  orders  by  telegraph  to  get  his 
regiment  ready  for  instant  service.  The  soldiers  seized 
their  muskets  and  rushed  to  the  line  with  promptness.  The 
contents  of  the  despatch  were  announced,  and  Colonel  Jones 
asked  '  if  there  was  any  man  in  the  regiment  who  would  nm 
from  the  enemy  under  any  circumstances  unless  he  was 
ordered  .'' '  A  loud  *  no,'  with  loud  cheers  rang  through  the 
lines.  Said  the  Colonel :  *  If  one  man  thinks  he  will  rim, 
let  him  step  out  and  I  will  discharge  him  at  once.'  He  then 
told  us  that  we  should  probably  receive  instant  orders  to  go 
to  Washington,  and  meet  the  enemy.  Said  he,  'Will  you 
stand  by  me  hke  men.?'  A  loud  'yes'  was  the  response. 
'  Good,'  said  he  ;  '  I  did  not  doubt  your  bravery,  or  your  dis- 
position, but  it  does  me  good  to  hear  your  determination 
from  your  own  lips.'  I  believe  our  men  would  rather  die  on 
the  field  of  battle  than  run  before  an  enemy." 

On  the  twenty-third  of  July,  Major-General  Banks  visited 
the  camp  and  was  received  with  military  honors.  The 
regiment  having  formed  a  square,  the  general  entered,  and 
mounting  a  chair,  made  an  effective  speech.  After  com- 
plimenting the  regiment  for  their  soldierly  qualities,  and  re- 
ferring to  the  fact  that  their  term  of  service  had  expired, 
he  said  that  the  "  capital  was  again  in  imminent  danger,  the 
foes  of  our  country  were  threatening  it  with  a  large,  and  for 
a  moment,  a  victorious  army.  He  held  the  key  of  the  cap- 
itol.  He  had  no  regiment  he  could  put  in  our  position,  and 
must  wait  for  other  troops  to  arrive."  He  appealed  to  the 
regiment  as  sons  of  Massachusetts,  once  more  to  stand  by 
the  flag  and  defend  the  country.  Ten  days  at  farthest  was 
all  they  would  be  asked  to  remain.  The  appeal  was  scarcely 
needed,  because  the  soldiers  only  had  to  know  the  wants  of 
the  country,  to  respond  in  the  affirmative.  While  he  was 
speaking,  the  soldiers'  eyes  were  many  times  filled  with  tears, 
says   an    eye-witness,  and  when    he    closed  "  the   boys  gave 


THE    LIGHT    INFANTHY    IN    THE    FIELD.  6l 

some  tremendous  cheers."  The  regiment  with  almost  entire 
unanimity  voted  to  remain,  but  their  place  was  soon  filled 
by  the  arrival  of  other  troops,  and  on  the  twenty-sixth  they 
were  ordered  to  pack  up  extra  baggage,  which  was  sent 
home  the  next  day.  On  the  twenty-ninth,  the  regiment 
broke  camp  at  six  o'clock  in  the  morning  and  started  for 
Massachusetts,  having  made  an  honorable  record.  At  Phila- 
delphia, New  York,  and  other  places  on  the  route,  they 
were  honored  with  the  most  flattering  demonstrations  of  pub- 
lic esteem  and  respect.  They  arrived  at  Worcester  on  the 
first  of  August,  at  ten  o'clock  a.m.,  and  had  a  grand  recep- 
tion, worthy  of  the  "  Heart  of  the  Commonwealth,"  and 
"  cheering  to  the  hearts  of  the  soldiers,  who  were  filled  with 
delight  to  again  press  the  free  soil  of  Massachusetts."  The 
"  Infantry,"  Company  G,  went  on  to  Boston  with  the  regi- 
ment, where  a  hearty  reception  awaited  them.  The  next 
day,  at  seven  a.m.,  they  marched  to  the  Common  where  a 
collation  had  been  prepared  for  them  by  the  city.  There 
they  were  mustered  out  of  service,  but  being  a  Lowell  regi- 
ment, they  proceeded  to  that  city  to  meet  with  a  grand 
demonstration  of  public  approbation.  All  that  the  city  au- 
thorities, and  all  that  individuals  could  do,  was  done,  to 
make  the  soldiers  feel  that  they  had  the  esteem  and  gratitude 
of  their  fellow-citizens.  Says  the  Ulassac/msetts  Register: 
"After  partaking  of  refreshments,  parting  speeches  were 
made  by  members  of  the  regiment,  expressing  strong  frater- 
nal feelings,  and  showing  that  friendships  had  been  formed 
which  would  endure  long  after  the  separation  then  to  take 
place." 

It  was  late  in  the  day  before  the  ovation  at  Lowell  v/as 
ended,  but  the  Worcester  men  were  bound  to  see  home  that 
day,  and  by  a  special  train,  arrived  in  the  city  about  mid- 
night. They  were  met  at  Lincoln  Square  by  many  of  their 
friends,  and  escorted  to  the  armory.  It  was  their  intention 
to  bivouac  on  the  Common,  but  in  consequence  of  their 
fatigue.  Captain  Pratt  dismissed  them  to  meet  in  their  ar- 
mory next  morning. 


62  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

On  Saturday,  the  second  of  August,  the  friends  of  the  of- 
ficers and  men  composing  the  Light  Infantry,  furnished  a 
"  splendid  collation  in  honor  of  their  patriotic  and  arduous 
services  in  the  cause  of  their  country."  Four  long  tables 
were  set  in  Horticultural  Hall,  covered  with  a  profusion  of 
good  things  arranged  by  the  lady  friends  of  the  soldiers, 
i.mder  the  superintendence  of  Colonel  Putnam  W.  Taft,  chair- 
man of  the  committee  of  arrangements  for  the  occasion. 
The  hall  was  well  filled  by  the  Infantry  and  their  friends, 
including  the  "  Infantry  Home  Guards,"  under  whose  aus- 
pices the  reception  was  conducted.  "  The  whole  afiair,"  says 
the  Palladmm,  "  passed  off  in  the  most  pleasant  and  success- 
ful manner,  highly  entertaining  the  large  number  of  recipients 
filling  the  hall  from  half-past  one  till  three  o'clock.  Captain 
D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  commander  of  the  Old  Infantry  Guards, 
presided  at  the  tables,  and  welcomed  the  returning  soldiers 
home,  in  an  appropriate  address.  After  reciting  the  deeds 
of  the  regiment,  he  closed  as  follows  :  — 

"  Truly  sir,  in  your  case,  fortune  has  favored  the  brave.  Who  now, 
among  you,  would  exchange  the  glorious  recollections  of  that  passage 
through  those  blood-stained  streets,  or  those  night  bivouacs  at  the  Re- 
lay, and  on  Federal  Hill,  amid  cold,  and  fasting,  and  drenching  storm,  of 
those  rags,  even,  so  jeered  at  by  the  ragamuffins  of  Baltimore,  for  all 
the  pomp  and  pride  and  circumstance  of  any  other,  or  all  other  regi- 
ments .?  Like  General  Taylor's  army  in  the  Mexican  war,  you  have  had 
the  hard  time,  and  we  rejoice  at  it.  We  thank  you  for  all  you  have  done, 
and  borne,  and  suffered  in  the  cause  of  our  country,  for  the  honor  of  our 
city,  and  for  this  our  good  old  corps.  We  welcome  you  with  glad  hearts 
to  all  the  rewards  which  so  justly  belong  to  you  for  such  services  and 
such  sacrifices." 

Captain  Pratt  made  an  eloquent  response,  closing  with 
these  words  :  — 

"  Since  leaving  home  we  have  had  one  hundred  and  one  men  in  our 
ranks  ;  four  have  been  sent  home  sick,  (now  well  however),  and  ninety- 
seven  returned  in  the  ranks  to-day.  Out  of  the  entire  number,  but  four 
have  received  punishment  of  any  nature.  All  of  those  with  whom  we 
have  been  associated,  are  Massachusetts  men,  and  have  ever  guarded 
with  jealous  care  the  honor  of  their  mother  state  ;  but  these  men  of  ours 
have  seemed  to  be  animated  by  the  consciousness  that  a  still  higher  re- 


THE    LIGHT   INFANTRY    IN    THE    FIELD.  63 

sponsibility  ever  rested  upon  the  men  who  bore  upon  their  shield  the 
Bay  State's  heart.  For  months,  in  the  hght  of  day  and  in  the  gloom  of 
night,  we  have  stood  side  by  side,  we  have  shared"  common  dangers  and 
privations,  and  to  the  music  of  the  Union  we  have  marched  beneath  a 
common  flag ;  and  I  say  to  you,  fellow-citizens  of  Worcester,  if  you  are 
not  as  proud  of  them  as  I  am,  it  is  because  you  know  them  less." 

Mayor  Davis  next  spoke,  complimenting  ex-Governor  Lin- 
coln as  a  friend  of  the  soldiery,  and  he  was  followed  by 
the  venerable  patriot  in  impressive  remarks.  Hon.  Dex- 
ter F.  Parker,  lieutenant  of  the  company,  was  next  intro- 
duced, and  he  responded  with  great  feeling,  saying  that  the 
soldiers  would  willingly  buckle  on  their  armor  anew,  if  ne- 
cessary, till  all  sections  of  the  country  from  which  once  in 
unison  floated  the  star-spangled  banner,  shall  acknowledge 
one  constitution,  under  the  same  glorious  old  stars  and 
stripes. 

On  leaving  the  hall,  Governor  Lincoln,  Mayor  Davis,  and 
the  ladies  who  did  such  good  service  at  the  tables,  joined  in 
the  escort  to  the  Common,  where  the  Infantry  was  reviewed 
by  Governor  Lincoln  and  the  Mayor,  after  which  they  went 
through  the  skirmish  drill  in  a  manner  to  excite  great  cheer- 
ing from  the  numerous  spectators.  And  then  the  wearied 
but  happy  soldiers  were  permitted  to  put  off  the  harness  of 
war,  and  retire  to  their  homes. 


64  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER    IV. 

THE    CAMPAIGN   OF   THE    THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES. 

The  departure  of  the  Third  Battalion,  late  on  the  evening 
of  Saturday,  April  20,  for  the  post  of  danger,  has  been  duly 
chronicled.  It  is  now  our  pleasant  duty  to  follow  the  for- 
tunes of  this  brave  command  through  all  their  term  of  en- 
listment, and  to  witness  their  return  after  rendering  most  im- 
portant service,  and  achieving  lasting  honor. 

The  facts  in  the  following  narration  have  been  derived 
from  the  publications  of  the  day,  where  numerous  letters 
from  members  of  the  battalion  may  be  found,  and  from  a  diur- 
nal furnished  for  the  Massachitsctts  Rcgistej',  1862,  by  Na- 
thaniel S.  Liscomb,  Sergeant-Major.  The  battalion,  which 
was  cheered  by  throngs  of  people  on  the  route,  all  night  long, 
as  at  West  Brookfield,  Springfield,  Hartford,  New  Haven, 
and  other  places,  and  treated  with  refreshments,  reached  New 
York  at  eight  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  where  they  were 
well  received.  They  took  breakfast  and  dinner  at  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Hotel,  and  marched  thence  to  the  armory  of  the 
famous  Seventh  Regiment.  They  were  cheered  on  every  side 
as  they  passed  through  the  city,  their  Harper's  Ferry  rifles 
and  sword-bayonets  attracting  much  attention.  At  the 
armory  they  were  visited  by  Hon.  Charles  Sumner  and  other 
distinguished  gentlemen.  Mr.  Sumner  made  a  few  remarks 
in  commendation  of  their  soldierly  appearance  and  the 
promptness  with  which  they  had  responded  to  the  call 
of  the  president.  The  N'czv  York  tierald  reports  that 
they  "  were  quartered  at  the  Arsenal,  and  supped  at  the 
Howard  House  prior  to  their  embarkation  for  Annapolis. 
At   eight  o'clock,  Sunday  morning,  they  marched  from    the 


THIRD    BATTALION   RIFLES.  65 

Howard  to  the  pier  of  the  steamer  Ariel,  on  board  of  which 
they  embarked.  The  battahon  consists  of  fine,  athletic 
and  powerful  men.  They  are  all  armed  with  terrible  sword- 
bayonets,  fastened  by  a  patent  catch  of  Yankee  invention,  to 
rifles  of  modern  improvements.  The  men  were  loudly 
cheered  as  they  went  slowly  down  Broadway,  with  perfect 
nonchalance^ 

A  letter  from  Annapolis  dated  the  twenty-eighth  of  April, 
gives  the  experience  of  the  battalion  in  New  York,  and  on 
the  voyage  to  Annapolis. 

"  Our  regiment  passed  an  unquiet  Sunday  after  leaving  home.  .  .  It 
was  very  warm  and  the  fatigue  caused  by  marching  so  inuch  in  our  over- 
coats and  with  so  many  accoutrements,  was  too  much  for  four  or  five  of 
the  boys,  who  fainted.  We  came  to  this  place  by  water,  and  of  the  seven 
hundred  of  our  troops  on  our  vessel,  there  were  but  few  who  were  not 
sea-sick.  Our  raw  salt-junk,  indifferently  called 'horse,' '  beef,' &c.,  and 
our  hard  sea-biscuit,  though  rather  tough  eating  at  first,  now  taste  first- 
rate.  We  wash  our  harder  rations  down  with  a  swallow  of  muddy  coffee, 
without  sugar  or  milk,  and  so  far  from  complaining,  we  are  now  only 
too  glad  to  ask  for  more." 

From  a  letter  written  by  a  private  —  L.  Wageley,  —  Co.  A, 
or  City  Guards,  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  April,  the  following 
paragraphs  are  selected,  showing  as  they  do  the  esteem  in 
which  certain  officers  were  held,  and  the  constant  and  severe 
service  of  the  battalion. 

"  Captain  Sprague  is  much  Hked  by  his  company,  because  he  is  not 
only  a  competent  leader,  but  also  a  gentleman.  The  same  can  be  said 
of  our  worthy  commander,  Major  Devens,  who  does  not  consider  his  po- 
sition a  diploma  of  vanity,  with  a  privilege  of  abusing  subordinates,  as  is 
often  the  case  in  military  organizations.  He  entertains  the  friendliest 
intercourse  with  all  members  of  the  battalion,  and  I  do  not  know  of  one 
who  dislikes  him.  A  good  spirit  prevails  throughout  the  whole  body,  and 
their  condition  of  health  is  excellent. 

If  we  should  return  home  at  present,  you  would  hardly  recognize  us 
again,  because  our  complexion  approaches  nearly  that  of  an  octoroon,  and 
noses  as  red  as  copper,  and  our  faces  experience  no  obstacle  in  the  de- 
velopment of  a  hairy  countenance.  .  .  .  We  cannot  complain  of  being 
slighted  in  the  matter  of  calls  to  military  duty.  For  two  days  we  were 
a  police  force  detachment  to  guard  the  difierent  gates  Avhich  lead  into  the 

5 


^  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

city,  and  the  grounds  of  the  Naval  School,  which  cover  an  area  of  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  acres.  Every  detachment  had  to  serve  twenty-four 
hours,  during  which  time  but  few  could  sleep.  I  tried  to  sleep  upon  the 
hard  floor,  using  the  cartridge-box  and  an  old  glove  for  a  pillow,  but  I 
did  not  succeed;  and  when  the  inevitable  sergeant  cried,  'Turn  out, 
guard  ! '  my  bones  were  stiffer  than  a  poker." 

The  Ariel  took  the  battalion  via  Fortress  Monroe  to 
Annapohs,  where  she  arrived  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  April. 
The  next  day  the  soldiers  were  assigned  quarters  in  the  main 
building  of  the  Naval  School,  over  the  head-quarters  of 
General  Butler.  On  the  twenty-ninth,  they  received  their 
first  news  and  letters  from  home,  through  Hon.  Dv/ight 
Foster.  The  letters  were  highly  prized.  The  Register 
says:  "Commenced  readmg  a  chapter  in  the  Bible,  and 
smging  at  eight  p.m.  Captain  Sprague  read  this  evening, 
to  be  followed  by  Lieutenants  Pickett,  Joslin,  Moulton,  and 
Harkness.  We  have  some  fine  singers,  and  think  this  part 
of  our  daily  exercises  will  afford  us  much  pleasure." 

On  the  second  of  May,  late  in  the  evening,  the  battalion 
embarked  for  Fort  McHenry  and  landed  at  six  on  the  fol- 
lowing morning,  in  a  cold  rain-storm.  Everything  here 
was  in  confusion,  lodgings  were  in  miserable  condition, 
and  food  was  scarce  and  tough.  The  fourth  of  May  opened 
with  snow  and  rain.  Says  the  chronicler :  "  VVe  thought 
we  were  moving  south,  where  it  would  be  warm,  —  not  only 
warm  work,  but  warm  weather.  Governor  Andrew's  over- 
coats, which  some  thought  a  foolish  purchase,  are  just  what 
we  need,  and  we  should  suffer  without  them."  The  fifth  was 
Sunday,  and  there  was  no  drill,  but  inspection  and  dress- 
parade.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Roberts  of  Baltimore  preached  in 
the  chapel.  Says  another:  "We  had  orders  last  night,  to 
sleep  with  our  equipments  on,  and  be  prepared  for  an  attack 
from  the  roughs  of  Baltimore.  So  we  piled  into  the  straw 
with  our  rifles  by  our  side,  ready  for  any  callers.  Our  men 
are  all  lively  and  in  good  spirits,  and  I  don't  believe  we  have 
a  coward  in  the  company." 

Letters   from    the   battalion     prove   that    they   were    con- 


THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES.  6/ 

stantly  expecting  a  conflict  with  the  rebels  ;  either  with 
organized  troops,  or  with  the  mob  of  Baltimore.  While  at 
Fort  McHenry,  "  military  companies "  were  seen  on  the 
opposite  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  and  the  soldiers  were  ex- 
pecting an  attack.  At  the  same  time  the  rebel  leaders  were 
planning  to  capture  Washington.  The  reason  why  no  attack 
was  made,  was  the  readiness  of  our  men  to  repel  it.  Our 
capital  was  safe  because  so  large  a  force  had  hastened  to  its 
defense,  and  so  many  regiments  guarded  the  approaches  to 
it  from  Baltimore.  We  are  to  measure  the  efficiency  of  sol- 
diers as  much  by  what  they  prevent,  as  by  what  they  do  in 
regular  warfare. 

After  the  battalion  had  been  at  the  fort  a  week,  the  record 
says  "that  we  have  had  rain,  with  some  snow,  all  the 
time.  We  are  anxious  for  a  change.  The  soil  sticks  to  our 
patent  leathers  in  such  quantities  that  if  we  could  send  them 
to  Massachusetts,  we  should  be  in  possession  of  consider- 
able real  estate."  Major  Morris,  who  commanded  at  the 
fort,  gave  orders  to  have  each  company  drilled  by  a  member 
of  the  fourth  regular  artillery,  thinking  the  soldiers  would 
improve  faster.  The  soldiers  considered  their  own  officers 
not  far  behind  the  regulars. 

Napoleon  had  a  maxim  that  it  was  dangerous  for  "  bayo- 
nets to  think."  The  bayonets  in  our  army  were  given  to 
thinking,  as  the  following  passage  illustrates.  "  Among  the 
correspondence  between  General  Butler  and  Governor  Hicks 
of  Maryland,  which  was  published  in  the  papers,  is  a  letter 
of  General  Butler,  in  which  he  offered  the  assistance  of  troops 
to  the  governor  in  case  the  slaves  should  rise.  It  surprised 
me  very  much.  Should  I  be  called  upon  to  aid  in  putting 
down  a  slave  insurrection,  I  should  have  to  obey  orders,  but 
then  I  should  be  rather  suspicious  that  the  ball  of  my  rifle 
would  not  hit  on  account  of  some  defect." 

A  letter  from  "  S.  A.  S.,"  dated  the  twelfth  of  May,  fur- 
nishes the  following  :  "  The  captains  and  lieutenants  do  all  in 
their  power  to  provide  for  our  wants,  especially  the  captain, 
who  looks  after  the  sick,  and  sees  that  they  are  well  cared  for. 


68  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

I  have  just  returned  from  church.  The  chapel  is  a  very 
pretty  place.  The  minister  comes  from  the  city.  The  meet- 
ing commenced  with  singing  by  the  congregation,  '  There  is 
a  fountain  filled  with  blood.'  The  minister  preached  from 
Philippians,  4 :  6,  7.  I  think  the  text  was  a  very  appropriate 
one  for  the  times.  After  the  sermon  a  prayer  was  offered, 
and  then  we  sang  the  words,  '  Go  watch  and  fight  and 
pray,'  after  which  the  benediction  was  given,  and  the  soldiers 
dispersed  to  their  several  quarters.  Most  of  the  officers  of 
the  different  companies  were  present." 

On  the  fourteenth  of  May  General  Butler  seized  a  large 
lot  of  arms,  and  the  battalion  were  marched  out  the  gate  to 
guard  them.  This  was  the  first  time  they  had  been  outside 
of  the  gates,  and  they  supposed  at  first  that  they  were  to 
be  marched  to  Baltimore.  This  seems  to  have  been  the 
longing  desire  of  the  soldiers  during  the  whole  term  of  their 
service.  While  at  the  fort,  whose  guns  covered  the  city, 
they  could  hardly  keep  down  the  wish  that  something  should 
occur  to  justify  them  in  purging  it  of  its  most  dangerous  and 
infernal  elements.  Such  feelings  being  prevalent  in  camp, 
no  surprise  can  be  felt  about  the  occurrence  which  is  de- 
scribed below.  On  the  nineteenth.  General  Cadwallader  ar- 
rested one  of  the  members  of  Co.  A,  for  insulting  Marshal 
Kane,  as  he  alleged.  Captain  Sprague  soon  procured  his 
release,  or  there  might  have  been  serious  trouble,  as  our 
men  looked  upon  Kane  as  the  worst  and  most  dangerous 
enemy  we  had  in  Baltimore.  The  following  letter  relates  the 
story. 

"  The  usual  monotony  of  Sunday  was  interrupted  to-day.  In  the 
morning  the  articles  of  war  were  read  to  us,  and  we  were  sworn  into  the 
service  of  the  United  States  by  a  staff  officer  of  the  same.  After  this 
ceremony  was  over,  our  much  beloved  Captain  Sprague  made  some  very 
impressive  remarks,  stating  he  knew  his  men  would  follow  him  where- 
ever  he  was  competent  to  lead.  His  remarks  were  responded  to  by 
hearty  cheers.  In  the  afternoon  many  of  our  men  attended  public  wor- 
ship inside  the  walls  of  the  fort,  while  others  either  paraded  the  grounds 
in  pleasant  conversation  or  spent  their  time  in  reading  and  writing. 

All  at  once  a  report  reached  our  quarters  that  one  of  our  men,  William 


THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES.  69 

Starr,  who  was  lately  appointed  a  sergeant,  had  been  arrested  by  General 
Cadwallader,  and  that  he  was  kept  prisoner  in  his  head-quarters.  This 
news  made  a  great  sensation  among  us  of  the  battalion,  and  after  proper 
inquiry  I  found  the  following  in  relation  to  the  matter.  Sergeant  Starr, 
with  five  of  our  men,  was  walking  along  the  street,  when  one  said, 
'  There  is  Marshal  Kane  coming  along  with  General  Cadwallader.' 
Whereupon  Starr  replied,  in  the  hearing  of  the  general,  'AH  respect 
to  the  general,  but  none  to  Mr.  Kane.'  The  general,  taking  notice  of 
this,  immediately  asked  the  squad,  who  of  them  had  expressed  the  above. 
Starr  did  not  hesitate  a  moment  to  step  forward  and  repeat  what  he  had 
said  before.  The  general  then  had  him  arrested  by  his  orderly  and 
brought  to  his  head-quarters.  Those  who  were  in  company  with  Starr 
politely  offered  themselves  also  as  prisoners  to  the  general,  saying  that 
the  sentiment  of  Starr  was  also  theirs,  and  that  they  would  stand  by 
him  to  the  last ;  but  the  general  did  not  take  any  notice,  at  least  he  did 
not  order  their  arrest. 

When  they  informed  the  company  what  had  transpired,  a  feeling  of 
indignation  was  aroused  throughout  the  whole  battalion,  and  the  men 
concluded  to  liberate  Starr  at  all  hazards  ;  but  Captain  Sprague  took  the 
matter  in  his  own  hands,  and  immediately  proceeded  with  Major  Devens 
to  the  general's  headquarters,  and  asked  for  the  release  of  Starr.  The 
general  said  he  had  arrested  Starr  because  he  had  showed  a  mark  of 
disapprobation.  He  was  commander  of  this  military  department,  and 
all  those  persons  who  had  his  consent  to  enter  the  camp,  supposed  that 
they  enjoyed  his  protection.  Starr  was  then  dismissed,  and  he  was 
received  by  the  members  of  our  company  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm. 
Captain  Sprague  made  a  very  appropriate  address  to  his  men,  saying  that 
we  owe  to  our  superior  officers  respect  and  obedience.  He  had  but  one 
life  to  live,  yet  before  he  would  touch  the  polluted  skin  of  Marshal  Kane 
or  have  anything  to  do  with  him  in  any  manner,  he  would  rather  be  sunk 
into  his  grave.  I  have  not  time  to  give  you  the  whole  of  his  remarks,  but 
will  only  state  that  the  soldiers  were  so  impressed  by  the  power  of  his 
eloquence  that  they  shed  tears.  We  like  him  as  a  child  does  his  parents 
and  we  shall  follow  wherever  he  leads." 

The  soldiers  would  have  been  glad  to  meet  the  rebels  in 
fair  fight,  as  soon  as  possible,  and  thus  extinguish  the  re- 
bellion ;  but  soldiers  have  other  duties  than  fighting ;  duties 
quite  as  arduous,  and  far  more  irksome.  A  private  of  the 
battalion  wrote  as  follows :  — "  While  we  cannot  have  the 
satisfaction  of  seeing  the  white  of  the  eye  of  the  enemy  in  the 
field  of  battle,  yet  the  service  we  render  the  country  is 
none  the  less  important  and  useful.     It  is  our  duty  to  protect 


70  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

a  people  who  are  yet  loyal  to  their  government,  but  who  have 
been  hitherto  subjected  to  an  all-controlling  mob  rule." 
They  were  liberating  the  people  of  Maryland,  while  keep- 
ing open  communication  between  the  seat  of  Government  and 
the  loyal  North. 

A  detachment  of  eighteen  men  from  the  battalion,  under 
Sergeant  Johnson  of  the  City  Guards,  were  ordered  to  Fort 
Carroll,  about  five  miles  south  of  Fort  McHenry.  The  bat- 
talion were  engaged  in  drilling,  from  four  to  six  hours  a  day, 
according  to  the  weather,  and  in  "  fatigue  duty."  The  volun- 
teers seem  to  have  had  much  more  of  this  sort  of  duty  than 
the  regular  soldiers.  They  were  engaged  in  mounting  gun 
carriages,  and  guns,  loading,  unloading,  and  piling  cannon 
balls,  and  in  doing  everything  relating  to  garrison  life.  The 
soldiers  shrewdly  suspected  that  the  commander  of  the  post, 
Major  Morris,  wished  to  give  the  volunteers  an  opportunity 
to  win  all  the  laurels.  Many  of  the  battalion  were  also  de- 
tailed for  "  special  duty  "  as  mechanics.  Major  Morris  often 
praised  their  energy,  skill  and  readiness  as  laborers  and  me- 
chanics. Those  thus  employed  were  exempted  from  other 
duties,  and  received  forty  cents  a  day  extra,  in  payment  for 
working  ten  hours  a  day.  This  "  special  duty,"  and  "  fatigue 
duty "  were  continued  several  weeks,  until  the  fort  took  a 
different  appearance,  and  became  formidable  to  traitors. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  June,  Captain  Sprague,  with  three 
men  of  Co.  A,  was  ordered  by  General  Banks  to  make  a 
thorough  examination  of  the  bridges  between  Baltimore  and 
Havre  de  Grace.  The  work  was  done  and  the  general  ex- 
pressed his  approbation.  On  the  same  day  seven  Germans, 
of  the  ship  Bremer  Haven,  were  rescued  from  drowning  by 
our  detachment  at  Fort  Carroll.  The  next  day  Marshal 
Kane  and  the  Police  Commissioners  were  brought  to  the  fort. 
Nothing  could  be  more  pleasing  to  our  soldiers,  as  they  be- 
lieved Kane  to  be  really  guilty  of  the  blood  shed  in  Baltimore 
on  the  nineteenth  of  June. 

Changes  occurred,  in  the  officers  of  the  battalion,  from  time 
to  time.     On  the  thirtieth  of  June,  Adjutant  John  M.  Good- 


THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES.  /I 

hue  left,  having  received  the  appointment  of  captain  in  the 
regular  army.  Lieutenant  Harkness  became  acting  quarter- 
master on  the  first  of  July,  Quarter-master  Estabrooks  having 
been  stationed  at  Fortress  Monroe.  Lieutenant  McCafferty 
was  appointed  acting  adjutant.  On  the  third  of  July  Major 
Devens  went  to  Washington,,  leaving  the  battalion  in  com- 
mand of  Captain  Sprague. 

The  fourth  of  July  was  duly  celebrated  by  the  Worcester 
boys.  They  had  planned  for  a  "  grand  time,"  and  were  to 
have  a  dinner  after  the  New-England  style.  There  being  no 
drill,  the  whole  day  was  devoted  to  festivity.  But  Major 
Morris  had  invited  the  Hon.  Simon  Cameron,  Secretary  of 
War,  to  visit  the  fort  on  that  day,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
receive  him  with  the  customary  honors.  That  ceremony 
being  over,  the  programme  was  carried  out.  Co.  A  had  their 
dinner  about  four  o'clock,  p.m.  Captain  Sprague  presided, 
and  everything  passed  off  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  present. 
It  was  the  first  time  for  two  and  a  half  months  that  they 
had  seen  a  table  with  table-cloth  and  dishes.  The  other 
companies  "  had  a  nice  time,"  and  will  long  remember  that 
day  as  one  of  the  brightest  in  the  calendar. 

On  the  fifth  the  camp  was  saddened  by  the  death  of  a 
comrade,  Amos  H.  Gilbert.  A  brief  notice  of  him  will  be 
found  on  another  page. 

The  next  day.  Colonel  Wetherell  of  Governor  Andrew's 
staff,  in  company  with  a  member  of  the  Council,  visited  the 
battalion,  which  went  through  drill  and  dress  parade,  and 
was  reviewed  by  them.  By  this  time  they  did  not  blush  to 
be  compared  with  the  "  regulars." 

Major  Devens  having  been  offered  the  colonelcy  of  the 
Fifteenth  Regiment  took  leave  of  the  battalion  on  the 
eleventh  in  a  short  but  happy  speech.  He  was  held  in  high 
estimation  by  all  under  his  command. 

On  different  occasions  detachments  were  sent  on  expe- 
ditions up  and  down  the  bay.  On  the  ninth  of  July,  near 
midnight.  Captain  McConville  of  Co.  C,  and  Lieutenant 
Pickett  of  Co.  A,  with  forty  men,  were  sent  on  a  cruise  in  the 


72  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Steamer  Chester,  after  two  suspicious-looking  craft.  They 
found  "  oyster-men  "  instead  of  belligerents,  but  endured  ex- 
posure as  much  as  if  they  had  encountered  rebels,  and  on 
their  return,  were  overtaken  by  a  "  very  heavy  squall  of  wind 
and  rain,  accompanied  by  thunder  and  lightning."  Similar 
expeditions  were  made  on  the  twelfth,  sixteenth,  and  seven- 
teenth, of  July.  A  detailed  account  of  one  of  these  excur- 
sions will  be  given,  as  it  serves  to  show  one  phase  of  military 
service.     In  the  words  of  Sergeant-Major  Liscomb  :  — 

"  A  detail  of  forty  men,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Pickett  of  Co.  A, 
and  Lieutenant  O'Neil  of  Co.  C,  left  about  six  p.m.,  on  the  eighteenth,  with  a 
steam-tug  and  sloop,  proceeded  just  below  Fort  Carroll  and  anchored  for  the 
night.  In  the  morning  we  proceeded  to  the  mouth  of  the  Patuxet,  where  we 
arrived  about  two  p.m.  The  steam-tug  left  the  sloop,  and  proceeded  across 
the  bay  in  search  of  the  tug  Resolute,  but  did  not  succeed  in  finding  her. 
While  waiting  for  the  tug,  we  went  on  shore  and  obtained  a  supply  of 
potatoes,  oysters,  corn-cake,  milk,  berries,  &c.  On  our  return,  we  were 
followed  by  the  gunboat  Yankee,  who  seemed  bound  to  find  out  what  we 
were  doing,  supposing  we  were  rebels.  They  lowered  a  boat  and  came 
on  board,  at  the  same  time  preparing  for  action.  We  were  ordered  to  re- 
main where  we  were  till  morning  when  we  would  be  taken  to  Annapolis. 
Lieutenant  O'Niel,  having  his  commission  with  him,  we  finally  convinced 
him  we  were  Yankees,  and  all  the  way  from  Massachusetts.  About  half- 
past  eleven  o'clock,  in  company  with  two  boat-loads  of  marines  from  the 
Yankee,  we  went  on  shore  for  the  purpose  of  taking  one  Haden,  who  had 
been  furnishing  aid  and  comfort  to  the  rebels  ;  but  the  bird  had  flown  ; 
so  we  had  nothing  more  to  do.  The  next  morning  we  left  for  Fort  Mc- 
Henry.  Two  men  of  Co.  B,  (Holden  Rifles,)  were  accidentally  shot  by  a 
pistol  in  the  hands  of  one  of  Co.  D,  (Dodd's  Rifles,  of  Boston),  — one  in 
the  leg,  the  other  in  the  arm,  both  flesh  wounds.  This  is  the  first 
wounded  we  have  had  since  leaving  Massachusetts." 

One  of  these  expeditions  was  under  the  command  of  Cap- 
tain Gleason.  It  was  composed  of  detachments  from  each 
company,  and  was  sent  to  Oueenstown  to  protect  the  steamer 
Chester,  a  plan  having  been  made  by  the  rebels  to  seize  her. 
The  detachment  accomplished  their  object,  and  also  brought 
to  Fort  McHenry,  the  schooner  Georgiana,  of  Baltimore, 
valued  at  $  2,000,  which  had  been  run  ashore  and  deserted  at 
the  mouth  of  Chester  River. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  July  the  term  of  service  for  which 


THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES.  73 

the  battalion  had  enlisted,  expired,  but  they  could  learn  noth- 
ing about  their  return  home.  Major  Morris,  who  liked  the 
regiment,  told  them  they  must  stay  till  the  nineteenth  of 
August,  because  they  did  not  take  the  oath  till  the  nineteenth 
of  May.  But  the  soldiers  thought  otherwise,  and  they  were 
right. 

The  report  up  to  July  twenty-fourth,  says  that  the  battalion 
had  suffered  much  from  sickness,  —  a  kind  of  slow  fever. 
Twenty  left  for  home  that  morning  in  charge  of  Lieutenant 
O'Driscoll,  who  was  himself  an  invalid. 

General  Dix  took  command  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty- 
sixth.  The  battle  of  Bull  Run  had  been  fought  and  lost, 
and  the  alarm  at  Washington  had  caused  the  detention  of  the 
battalion.  General  Dix  came  before  them,  in  front  of  the 
Major's  quarters,  and  spoke  as  follows  :  —  "  Gentlemen,  your 
time  of  service  expired  on  the  nineteenth,  and  you  are  enti- 
tled to  go  home.  If  you  say  you  wish  to  go,  I  will  order 
your  transportation  to-morrow ;  but  I  had  ratJier  you  would 
not  ask  it  to-morrow,  or  for  the  next  five  days.  I  will  order 
it  within  ten  days.  You  have  done  your  duty,  and  more."  The 
battalion  was  then  dismissed,  as  each  man  was  to  decide  for 
himself  whether  to  go  or  stay.  The  few  words  of  General 
Dix  appealed  to  them  as  men,  and  gentlemen,  and  patriots, 
and  they  felt  the  appeal.  The  men  knew  that  they  were 
needed,  and  every  man  in  the  City  Guards,  and  also  in  the 
Emmet  Guards,  voted  to  remain.  A  few  in  the  other  com- 
panies chose  to  leave  the  field  for  home,  but  the  record  says  : 
"  We  did  not  cheer  them  much"  as  they  left. 

But  the  immediate  danger  was  soon  past  ;  other  troops 
rapidly  hastened  to  the  seat  of  war,  and  Washington  was 
safe.  On  the  twenty-ninth  of  July,  ten  days  after  the  time  of 
service  had  expired,  an  order  was  issued  for  the  battalion 
to  be  ready  to  leave  for  home,  on  the  morrow,  at  six  o'clock, 
A.  M.  With  the  usual  vicissitudes  of  travel,  heightened  by 
accidents,  severe  heat,  and  clouds  of  dust,  they  arrived  in 
New  York  at  ten  o'clock,  p.m.,  of  the  second  day.  The  next 
morning,  August  i,  about  six  o'clock,  the  battalion  formed  in 


74  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

line,  and  marched  to  the  Park  Barracks.  At  four  in  the  after- 
noon, they  took  steamer  City  of  Boston,  via  New  London. 
"  You  can  hardly  imagine  our  feelings,"  says  one  who  was 
there,  "  as  we  came  on  board.  Everything  looked  better,  and 
was  better  than  we  have  seen  for  a  long  time.  What  a 
change  it  had  made  with  us  !  Some  were  singing,  some  jok- 
ing, and  all  seemed  to  be  happy." 

On  Friday  morning,  August  2,  the  Rifle  Battalion  was 
welcomed  home  with  heartfelt  enthusiasm.  They  arrived  by 
the  Norwich  train,  about  a  quarter  past  nine.  They  were  es- 
corted to  the  City  Hall  by  a  military  escort,  consisting  of  the 
Worcester  Light  Lifantry  Old  Guards,  Emmet  Home  Guards, 
Old  City  Guards,  several  companies  from  Camp  Scott  and 
Camp  Lincoln,  bands  of  music,  and  a  great  number  of  citi- 
zens, Lieutenant-Colonel  Ward  riding  at  the  head  of  the  col- 
umn. After  a  bountiful  breakfast,  which  was  highly  appre- 
ciated by  men  who  had  lived  so  long  on  "  soldiers'  fare,"  the 
battalion,  with  the  same  escort,  paraded  on  Main  Street, 
"cheered  by  hurrahs,  waving  of  handkerchiefs,  and  clapping 
of  hands,  by  the  numberless  flags  and  patriotic  demonstra- 
tions displayed  everywhere  as  they  marched  up  and  down  the 
dear  old  elm-shaded  streets  of  home."  The  ladies  did  their 
part  in  giving  the  soldiers  a  welcome  with  characteristic 
spirit  and  taste.  The  quantity  of  "  bouquets  borne  on  the 
muzzles  of  the  rifles,  or  stuck  on  the  sabre-bayonets, 
indicated  an  exhaustive  clipping  of  flowers." 

At  length  the  procession  halted  on  the  Common,  and  the 
battalion  was  drawn  up  near  the  speaker's  stand.  General 
Hobbs,  chairman  of  the  committee  of  arrangements,  intro- 
duced his  Honor,  Mayor  Davis,  who,  in  the  name  of  the 
city,  welcomed  the  soldiers  to  their  homes.  His  remarks 
were  loudly  applauded.  The  acting  major.  Captain  Sprague, 
expressed,  in  belialf  of  his  comrades,  the  great  joy  they  felt 
at  being  so  warmly  received.  He  called  to  mind  the  feeling 
so  generally  shared  by  the  volunteers  and  their  friends  left 
behind  at  the  departure  of  the  battalion,  last  April,  that 
many  of  the  volunteers    were    devoted    to   death.     But   there 


THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES.  75 

was  no  shrinking  when  the  country  was  in  peril.  Though 
they  had  not  been  called  on  to  the  battle-field  they  had 
labored  none  the  less  heartily,  sincerely,  and  earnestly,  in 
the  work  that  had  been  assigned  to  them.  He  gracefully 
closed  his  remarks,  by  expressing  his  regrets  that  the  major, 
now  colonel,  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment  of  volunteers  was  not 
present,  and  read  the  following  letter  from  him. 

'•Worcester,  August  2,  1861. 

Dear  Captain  :  —  I  waited  all  day  yesterday  for  the  battalion,  and 
to-day  until  the  last  moment,  but  a  message  from  the  commander-in-chief 
has  made  it  my  imperative  duty  to  go  to  Boston. 

I  hoped  to  have  entered  Worcester  with  them,  and  enjoyed  with  them 
the  generous  welcome  which  its  citizens  will  lavish  on  those  who  sprang 
to  arms  at  the  first  call  of  the  country  ;  but  I  would  willingly  have  fore- 
gone this  if  I  might  have  been  ready  first  to  welcome  them  in  person, 
although  it  had  been  only  to  say  in  a  moment  after,  '  Farewell.'  As  it 
cannot  be  so,  say  for  me  :  — 

Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the  Third  Battalion  :  — The  duty 
which  you  undertook  to  do  has  been  faithfully  performed,  and  you  return 
to  receive  the  well-earned  congratulations  of  your  fellow  citizens.  You 
were  of  those  who  saved  the  capital  of  the  nation  from  plunder  at  the 
opening  of  this  conflict,  and  whatever  honors  may  be  gained  by  other 
troops,  this  will  always  rightfully  belong  to  the  three  months'  men. 

As  your  commander  during  nearly  the  whole  period  of  your  service,  I 
can  say  to  you  most  truly,  that  you  have  been  to  me  all  that  an  officer 
could  ask  of  soldiers  ;  that  duties  have  been  done,  not  grudgingly,  but 
with  strong,  earnest  and  willing  hearts  ;  that  hardships  have  been  cheer- 
fully and  manfully  borne.  Believe  me,  if  I  have  in  any  respect  failed 
towards  you,  it  has  been  from  no  want  of  effort  or  desire  on  my  part  to  do 
all  that  lay  in  my  power. 

Comrades  !  the  time  for  us  to  part  has  come.  The  militia  of  Massa- 
chusetts, with  their  associates,  have  held  back  the  tide  of  rebellion  until 
the  volunteer  troops  are  organized.  In  their  ranks  some  of  you  will  find, 
perhaps,  your  places,  and  while  you  will  find  better  officers  there  than  I 
have  ever  been,  you  will  find  no  one  who  has  a  deeper  regard  for  your 
honor  and  your  welfare,  than 

Your  old  commander  and  friend, 

Charles  Devens,  Jr. 

To  Captain  A.  B.  R.  Sprague. 

After  their  dismissal,  the  City  Guards,  (Co.  A)  and  the 
Emmet  Guards,  (Co.  C)  were  warmly  welcomed  at  their  re- 


^6  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

spective  armories,  and  in  due  time,  the  Holden  Rifles,  (Co. 
B)  had  a  hearty  reception  in  Holden.  Co.  D,  of  Boston,  Cap- 
tain Dodd,  was  escorted  to  the  station,  and  loudly  cheered  as 
they  left  for  home.  The  next  morning,  the  battalion  was 
mustered  out  of  service  by  Captain  Goodhue  of  the  United- 
States  army.  Forty  members  of  the  City  Guards  immedi- 
ately re-enlisted  for  the  war.  Fourteen  of  these  received  com- 
missions ;  nineteen  became  non-commissioned  officers,  two 
were  musicians,  and  five  privates.  Others  enteredthe  service 
again  in  the  course  of  the  war. 

The  following  remarks  from  the  Spy,  apply  equally  well  to 
the  Light  Infantry  and  the  Battalion,  and  are  inserted  here 
because  they  express  not  only  the  feelings  of  the  hour,  but 
the  mature  verdict  of  history. 

"  The  service  done  the  republic  by  the  Massachusetts  troops,  is  of  the 
very  first  importance.  They  and  some  others  that  followed  them,  saved 
the  capital,  and  baffled  the  purpose  of  the  conspirators  to  seize  Washing- 
ton and  overrun  Maryland.  The  Sixth  Regiment,  (to  which  the  Worcester 
Light  Infantry  belonged,)  was  the  first  body  of  armed  men  that  reached 
Washington  after  the  bombardment  of  P^ort  Sumter.  We  all  remem- 
ber at  what  short  notice  the  Light  Infantry  left  for  Washington.  They 
went  instantly  on  being  notified,  without  many  things  necessary  to  troops 
in  actual  service,  but  with  arms  in  their  hands,  and  ready  for  any  hard 
fighting  that  might  be  necessary  in  defense  of  the  government.  In  simi- 
lar haste,  and  in  the  same  spirit  went  the  Rifle  Battalion,  which  aided  to 
hold  Annapolis,  and  keep  open  the  new  route  to  Washington,  and  then  by 
means  of  a  vast  amount  of  labor  put  Fort  McHenry  in  fighting  condition, 
and  compelled  Baltimore  and  its  infernal  mob  to  keep  the  peace 
and  remain  loyal.  All  these  men  left  home  expecting  a  desperate  fight 
with  the  secessionists.  We  know  how  strongly  they  felt  this,  and  how 
deliberately  and  earnestly  they  resolved  to  make  the  fight  a  bloody  one 
for  any  band  of  confederate  traitors  they  might  encounter.  .  .  . 

It  does  not  lessen  either  the  bravery  of  our  men,  or  the  greatness  of  the 
service  they  rendered,  that  they  did  not  participate  in  any  regular  battle. 
They  won  the  expected  battle  by  their  promptness  and  energy,  without 
fighting  it.  Washington  was  saved,  the  secession  rising  in  Maryland  was 
prevented,  the  Baltimore  conspirators  were  baffled,  a  new  route  to  Wash- 
ington was  ojDened  and  held  open,  and  the  war  of  treason  was  not  allowed 
to  come  across  the  Potomac.  The  troops  that  secured  such  results,  de- 
serve the  honor  and  thanks  of  the  whole  country,  and  foremost  among 
them  were  our  Sixth  and  Eighth  Reiriments,  and  the  Worcester  Rifle  Bat- 


THIRD    BATTALION    RIFLES.  7/ 

talion.  No  better  troops  than  these  went  to  the  rescue  of  the  govern- 
ment, none  have  served  with  a  better  spirit  or  to  a  better  purpose,  and  let 
them  have  the  credit  which  is  their  due." 

The  report  of  the  Surgeon  in  relation  to  the  services  as 
well  as  the  health  of  the  battalion,  will  give  a  fitting  termina- 
tion to  this  chapter. 

"  The  Third  Battalion  of  Rifles  of  the  Massachusetts  volunteer  mihtia, 
after  stopping  at  Annapolis  till  the  road  to  Washington  was  opened, 
landed  at  Fort  McHenry  on  a  cold,  rainy,  snowy  morning,  the  thirtieth  of 
May.  The  privates  had  to  make  a  floor  out  of  wet  boards  to  cover  the 
brick  barn  floor,  on  which  to  sleep  that  night. 

The  fort  was  under  the  command  of  Major  Morris,  a  tough,  efficient, 
but  not  the  most  sensitive  of  officers,  who  had  spent  much  of  his  life  under 
the  hardening  influence  of  a  frontier  life  in  Minnesota.  The  hospital 
and  garrison  were  under  the  medical  care  of  a  highly  educated,  gentle- 
manly physician,  who  had  been  ordered  to  this  place  by  the  government, 
and  who  arrived  the  same  day  of  our  battalion.  This  physician  did  much 
to  mitigate  the  severity  of  the  discipline  of  this  hardy,  well-meaning  old 
soldier,  who  saw  clearly  the  necessity  of  mounting  those  guns,  but  could 
hardly  be  expected  to  understand  how  dangerous  to  the  health  it  would 
be  to  put  the  young  men  from  lawyers'  offices,  banking-houses,  counting- 
rooms,  stores,  and  mechanics'  shops,  so  early  in  their  military  lives,  on 
the  same  number  of  hours  of  fatigue-duty  as  were  given  to  soldiers  old  in 
the  regular  service. 

These  patriotic  young  men  worked  with  a  will  and  a  vigor  that  pleased 
and  surprised  the  old  veteran.  He  said  that  he  did  not  believe  the  same 
amount  of  work  had  been  done  in  the  same  length  of  time  by  any  equal 
number  of  men,  as  had  been  done  by  this  battallion,  in  the  whole  federal 
army. 

But  this  tremendous  tax  on  their  unused  strength  began  soon  to  tell 
on -their  health,  so  that  while  we  find  up  to  May  17,  only  eight  or  nine 
sick  in  hospital  and  in  quarters,  by  May  31  the  list  was  swollen  to  thirty, 
and  by  June  26  the  figures  had  increased  to  the  incredible  number  of 
forty-eight,  and  so  continued  for  several  days.  One  man  out  of  every  six 
men  was  sick.  Although  the  quarters  were  thoroughly  cleaned,  we  find 
no  diminution  of  disease  till  the  excessive  fatigue-duty  was  closed. 

From  May  10  to  June  i,  we  find  on  the  sick  report,  fourteen  cases 
reported  of  bad  colds,  twelve  debility,  seventeen  diarrhea,  ten  neuralgia, 
five  rheumatism,  one  typhoid  fever,  fifty-five  of  all  other  diseases  ;  total 
one  hundred  and  fourteen  in  May. 

From  June  i  to  July  i,  six  cases  bad  colds,  nine  debility,  sixty  diarrhea, 
sixty-five  typhoid  fever,  twelve  neuralgia,  nine  rheumatism,  forty-three  of 
all  other  diseases.    Total  in  June,  two  hundred  and  four. 


78  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

From  July  r  to  July  31,  eighty-one  cases  diarrhea,  three  dysentery, 
thirty-one  typhoid  fever,  four  rheumatism,  six  debility,  one  inflammation  of 
the  tonsils,  sixty-three  of  all  other  diseases.  Total  in  July,  one  hundred 
and  fifty-nine,  making  in  all  four  hundred  and  forty-seven  cases  of  dis- 
ease prescribed  for  in  less  than  three  months,  from  a  force  of  but  a  trifle 
over  three  hundred  men.  In  three  months  we  find  put  down  among  the 
diseases  ninety-seven  cases  of  typhoid  fever.  Two  of  these  died  ;  one 
from  bleeding  from  the  bowels  in  a  constitution  so  broken  down  from  dis- 
ease that  the  blood  would  not  coagulate,  and  of  course  could  not  be 
stopped  ;  the  other  from  uncontrollable  diarrhea. 

We  find  also  twenty-seven  cases  of  debility  from  fatigue,  that  only 
wanted  time  to  cure,  and  many  others  whose  development  it  was  neces- 
sary to  await  before  any  scientific  treatment  could  be  adopted.  As  treat- 
ment and  medicine  cost  nothing  to  the  sick,  it  would  not  be  strange  that 
inexperienced  young  men  should  desire  more  than  was  for  their  good. 

On  our  arrival  the  wells  were  stagnant  for  want  of  use.  The  fort  is  en- 
closed on  three  sides  by  water,  containing  the  wash  and  filth  of  the  city  of 
over  200,000  inhabitants.  The  militia  have  not  been  called  out  since 
1812,  and  much  confusion  and  difficulty  arose  from  there  being  a  com- 
mander and  surgeon  of  the  fort,  who  took  precedence  of  those  of  the  bat- 
talion. The  surgeon  of  the  third  battalion  had  no  rights  while  within  the 
garrison,  save  those  conceded  him  by  courtesy,  which  limited  his  powers 
and  his  responsibility,  and  many  things  occurred,  unavoidably,  that  he 
would  have  wished  differently. 

But  the  curse  of  military  life  is  whiskey  —  not  poor  whiskey,  or  poi- 
soned whiskey,  —  but  alcohol  in  some  form.  '  And  it  kills  more  than  rifles, 
cannon  or  rebels.  The  regiment  that  would  prohibit  it,  both  among 
its  officers  and  its  men,  would  save  a  vast  amount  of  annoyance  and 
disease. 

O.  Martin,  Surgeo7t, 
Third  Battalion  Rifles,  M.  V.  M. 


ORGANIZATION   OF   REGIMENTS.  79 


CHAPTER    V. 

ORGANIZATION    OF    THE    FIFTEENTH,  TWENTY-FIRST  AND 
TWENTY-FIFTH    REGIMENTS. 

In  this  chapter  the  organization  of  three  regiments,  which 
held  a  pecuhar  relation  to  the  city  of  Worcester,  and  which 
became  renowned  in  the  course  of  the  war,  will  be  given  as 
briefly  as  the  demands  of  history  will  permit.  At  the  same 
time,  incidents  which  either  revealed  the  state  of  the  public 
mind,  or  which  had  a  tendency  to  promote  a  patriotic  spirit, 
will  find  their  appropriate  place.  It  will  be  borne  in  mind,  by 
the  reader,  that  while  these  regiments  were  preparing  for  ser- 
vice, stirring  events  of  great  magnitude  were  occurring  in 
other  parts  of  the  country,  which  constantly  acted  upon  the 
citizens  and  soldiery  here,  and  served  to  keep  up  an  awakened 
attention  to  the  welfare  of  the  republic.  Nor  should  it  be 
forgotten  that  whatever  might  be  the  utterances  of  the  gov- 
ernment on  the  subject  of  slavery,  the  general  sentiment  here 
was  in  favor  of  abolition,  and  men  offered  themselves  as  sol- 
diers in  the  hope  and  purpose  of  being  efficient  in  the  over- 
throw of  that  wicked  and  unchristian  system. 

The  course  of  the  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglass,  in  support 
of  the  government,  after  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  had  no 
slight  influence  in  bringing  the  great  party  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  chief  leaders,  to  take  an  active  part  in  raising 
troops  and  carrying  on  the  war  to  its  triumphant  close.  His 
sudden  death,  hastened,  perhaps,  by  the  outbreak  of  hostilities, 
made  him  the  object  of  admiration  and  eulogy  with  all  who 
valued  country  above  party.  His  funeral  was  a  kind  of 
national  ovation,  in  which  the  people  of  Worcester  partici- 
pated.    On  the  seventh  of  June,  the  day  of  his  burial  in  Chi- 


80  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

cago,  there  were  due  observances  here.  Between  the  hours  of 
ten  and  eleven  a.  m.,  the  bells  were  tolled,  flags  were  dis- 
played at  half-mast,  business  was  suspended,  and  the  stores 
on  Main  Street  were  generally  closed. 

The  first  camp  in  Worcester  v/as  on  the  Brooks  farm  about 
two  miles  from  the  city  hall,  and  near  South  Worcester.  On 
the  fourth  of  June  the  necessary  surveys  were  made  at  the 
camp  ground,  by  Engineer  Davis,  of  General  Ward's  staff. 
Various  articles  ordered  by  the  quarter-master,  Church  Howe, 
arrived,  and  were  stored  in  the  building  just  completed.  The 
camp  was  named  in  honor  of  General  Scott,  On  the  twenty- 
eighth,  the  companies  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment  took  posses- 
sion of  the  camp.  The  members  of  Co.  D,  of  Worcester, 
(Captain  A.  H.  Foster,)  had  kindly  set  up  the  tents  for  the 
encampment  in  the  morning,  and  the  white  canvass  greeted 
the  companies  as  they  came  upon  the  ground.  They  mus- 
tered eisfht  hundred  and  one  men.* 


*  The  following  document,  Order  No.  i,  will  be  read  with  increasing  interest  in  after  times.  It 
finds  insertion  here,  because  its  rules,  with  suitable  variations,  were  observed  in  raising  subsequent 
regiments  at  Camps  Scott  and  Lincoln. 

Head  Qu.\rters  Camp  Scott, 
Worcester,  June  28,  1861. 
Order  No.  i. 

The  selection  of  the  above  name  for  this  camp  has  been  determined  by  a  just  appreciation 
of  the  distinguished  merit  of  one  who  has  for  more  than  half  a  century  been  Identified  with  the 
military  of  our  country. 

It  is  taken  for  granted  that  officers  are  neither  ignorant  of  the  first  principles  of  military  duty,  nor 
destitute  of  ordinary  judgment.  A  brief  synopsis  merely  is  here  given  of  some  important  rules  and 
regulations.  These  are  to  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  this  order,  and  all  officers  are  hereby  enjoined 
to  enforce  a  strict  compliance  with  them. 

Officers  are  presumed  to  have  already  gained  some  theoretical  acquaintance  with  both  their  rights 
and  their  duties,  as  their  position  demands,  and  they  are  hereby  reminded  that  they  are  expected 
not  only  to  discharge  with  fidelity  the  latter,  but  to  maintain  with  firmness  and  dignity  the  former. 
This  order  will  be  duly  promulgated  and  copies  distributed.     By  command  of, 

Brigadier-General  George  H.  Ward. 
George  H.  Sp.\ulding,  Brigadier-Inspector  pro  tern. 

Hours  for  D.\ily   Duties. 
Reveille  at  five  o'clock,  a.m.  —  signal  for  the  men  to  rise,  when  the  quarters  will  be  cleaned  up,  and 
everything  put  in  proper  condition. 
Peas  upon  a  Trencher  at  seven  o'clock,  a.m.  —  signal  for  breakfast. 
D>ess  Parade  at  eight  o'clock,  a.m.  — guard  mounting  immediately  after. 
Roast  Bee/ Hi  twelve  o'clock,  m.  —  signal  for  dinner. 

Retreat  at  six  o'clock,  p.m.,  at  which  time  the  officers  will  be  named  for  duty,  and  each  first  ser- 
geant will  detail  the  men  of  his  company  for  the  guard  of  the  ensuing  day.  There  will  be  a  dress 
parade  at  retreat. 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  8 1 

The  last  day  of  June  was  Sunday,  and  the  Sabbath  was  not 
forgotten  by  the  regiment  at  Camp  Scott.  All  was  quiet  and 
orderly  inside  the  lines,  and  visitors  conducted  themselves  with 
propriety.  Divine  services  were  conducted  at  six  a.m.,  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Hill.  The  whole  regiment  began  the  exercise  by 
singing  "  Old  Hundred."  The  address  by  Dr.  Hill  was  ani- 
mated and  impressive,  charging  the  soldiers  to  uphold  the  na- 
tional flag  as  became  patriots  and  men  fearing  God.  Prayer, 
and  the  hymn,  "  America,"  closed  the  services.  There  was 
no  general  attendance  of  visitors  within  the  lines.  General 
Ward  not  wishing  to  have  Sunday  a  visiting  day.  Religious 
services  were  held  every  Sunday  while  the  regiment  remained 
in  camp.  The  settled  ministers  of  the  city  were  called  upon, 
and  were  always  ready  to  engage  in  the  work.  On  several 
occasions  the  members  of  the  regiment,  in  large  numbers, 
held  prayer  and  conference  meetings,  when  officers  and  men 
made  remarks,  offered  prayer,  and  joined  in  singing  familiar 
hymns.  The  clergymen  who,  at  various  times,  assisted  the 
regiment  in  their  devotions,  were  Rev.  Drs.  Hill,  and  Sweetser, 
and  Rev.  Messrs.  Richardson,  James,  and  Wayland,  and  John 
B.  Gough.  These  services  were  generally  held  early  in  the 
morning  ;  the  mid-day  drills  were  dispensed  with,  and  the 
less  formal  devotional  meetings  were  attended  at  conven- 
ient hours.  There  was  a  large  religious  element  in  the  regi- 
ment, and   its   influence   was   felt  in  preserving  good   order. 


Tattoo  at  ten  o'clock,  p.m.  — signal  for  the  soldiers  to  repair  to  their  tents,  where  they  must  re- 
main till  reveille  next  morning. 

Taps  at  half-past  ten  o'clock,  p.m.  —  signal  to  extinguish  lights. 

Roll  Calls. 

There  will  be  three  roll  calls  daily,  the  first  immediately  after  reveille,  the  second  immediately  be- 
fore retreat  and  the  third  immediately  after  tattoo. 

All  officers  in  uniform  may  pass  the  chain  of  sentinels  between    reveille  and  retreat. 

No  officer  shall,  on  any  account,  sleep  out  of  camp  without  permission  from  the  commander  of 
the  camp. 

No  officer  or  soldier  shall  be  absent  from  any  duty  whatever  without  permission  from  the  com- 
manding officer. 

No  non-commissioned  officer,  musician,  or  soldier,  shall  quit  camp  without  a  written  pass,  signed 
by  his  captain,  and  approved  by  the  commanding  officer. 

All  persons,  of  whatever  rank,  are  required  to  observe  the  greatest  respect  towards  sentinels,  and 
no  officer  or  other  person  shall  make  use  of  any  disrespectful  language  or  gesture  to  a  sentinel  at 
his  post. 

6 


82  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  sermons,  addresses,  prayers  and  music,  were  uniformly 
earnest,  appropriate  and  devout. 

The  daily  routine  at  Camp  Scott  was  in  the  following  or- 
der. The  day  began  with  company  drill  from  six  to  seven  ; 
dress  parade  at  eight  ;  then  guard  mounting  ;  company  drill 
again  from  ten  and  a  half  to  twelve  ;  also  from  two  to  three 
P.M.  ;  at  four  the  regimental  line  was  formed,  and  battalion 
drill  followed  till  five  and  a  half ;  dress  parade  at  six  and  a 
half     Meals  at  seven  a.m.,  twelve  m.;  and  six  p.m. 

Each  company  had  its  stove,  and  members  were  detailed  to 
cook  the  messes.  Men  might  be  seen  cooking  soup,  boiling 
rice,  slicing  potatoes,  freshening  salt  beef,  and  steaming  away 
over  the  stoves.  All  the  famous  hotels  in  the  country  were 
there,  as  the  "  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,"  "  Union  House,"  "  Na- 
tional Hotel."  In  General  Ward's  tent,  bouquets,  and  boxes 
of  strawberries,  the  gifts  of  hospitable  ladies,  often  showed 
that  camp  life  has  its  sunny  side. 

On  the  second  of  July  company  D  received  from  Henry  O. 
Clark,  Esq.,  fifty-one  baskets  of  strawberries  to  be  distributed 
among  officers  and  men.  Colonel  Charles  S.  Childs  presented 
them  with  lumber  for  building  a  kitchen. 

There  was  no  general  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July  in 
the  city  or  the  camp,  but  the  feelings  of  the  people  found  ex- 
pression in  a  manner  both  unique  and  pleasant.  Bonfires  were 
the  "  order  of  the  day  "  in  different  sections  of  the  state.  In 
the  evening  there  was  a  large  bonfire  on  Chandler  Hill.  The 
blaze  on  old  Wachusett  was  seen  at  a  great  distance,  and 
from  its  summit  more  than  sixty  bonfires  were  seen,  reaching 
from  the  Blue  Hills  of  Milton  to  Mount  Tom.  As  usual  on 
the  fourth,  bells  were  rung,  flags  were  displayed,  and  fire- 
works illuminated  the  evening  sky. 

The  soldiers  adorned  many  of  the  tents  and  streets  in  the 
camp  with  evergreen. 

Major  Devens  returned  home  on  the  twelfth,  on  a  short 
leave  of  absence.  The  citizens  called  on  him,  and  in  answer 
to  their  urgent  calls,  he  made  a  brief  and  patriotic  speech. 
The  command  of  the   regiment  had  been   offered  to  him,  by 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  S^ 

the  governor,  on  ^he  first  of  the  month.  He  was  then  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  McHenry,  with  the  Third  Battalion,  and  the 
arduous  duties  devolving  upon  him  at  that  time  induced  him 
to  defer  the  acceptance  of  the  offer.  Governor  Andrew  and 
staff  visited  Camp  Scott,  and  Captain  Marshall  of  the 
United-States  army  administered  the  oath,  all  but  eight 
swearing  to  serve  their  country  faithfully  in  the  field. 

On  the  twenty-fifth,  measures  were  taken  by  the  benevo- 
lent for  the  regular  distribution  of  reading  matter  among  the 
soldiers  at  Camps  Scott  and  Lincoln.  Major  Devens  accepted 
the  position  offered  him,  this  day,  and  on  the  twenty-sixth 
was  duly  qualified  as  Colonel  of  the  "  Fifteenth  Regiment 
Massachusetts  Volunteers,"  and  assumed  command.  At  the 
same  time.  General  George  H.  Ward  was  qualified  as  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel. Captain  John  W.  Kimball  of  Fitchburg,  was 
commissioned  as  Major. 

The  departure  of  this  regiment  was  hastened  by  the 
exigencies  of  the  public  service.  The  first  intention  was  to 
retain  it  in  camp  a  month  longer,  that  the  soldiers  might  be 
perfected  in  drill,  but  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  induced  the  gov- 
ernment to  hurry  all  the  troops  which  were  in  readiness,  to 
the  seat  of  war.  Preparations  were  therefore  made  for 
departure.  On  the  seventh  of  August  a  beautiful  flag  was 
presented  to  the  regiment,  by  the  ladies  of  the  city.  The 
presentation  speech  was  made  by  the  Hon.  George  F.  Hoar. 
The  ceremony  took  place  in  City  Hall,  the  rainy  weather 
making  it  necessary  to  be  under  cover.  The  field  and  staff 
officers  of  the  regiment,  and  the  commissioned  officers  of  the 
several  companies  were  pr^^ent,  accompanied  by  the  regi- 
mental band.  They  were  escorted  to  the  hall  by  the  officers 
of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment,  and  were  welcomed  there  by 
the  ladies  through  whose  patriotic  exertions  the  banner  had 
been  secured.  Mayor  Davis  presided,  and  Rev.  Dr.  Hill 
offered  a  fervent  prayer  that  those  to  whom  the  flag  was 
entrusted,  might  never  tire  in  the  good  work,  until  it  should 
wave  over  all  places  in  our  land,  the  symbol  of  liberty,  union, 
and  peace. 


84  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Mr.  Hoar  then  came  forward  with  the  splendid  gift  in  his 
hand,  and  in  behalf  of  the  ladies  gave  the  flag  into  the  charge 
of  Colonel  Devens  with  these  words  :  — 

"  Colonel  and  Officers  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment  :  —  I  am 
deputed  by  the  ladies  of  Worcester  to  present  to  you  this  banner.  Eighty- 
four  years  ago  to-day  there  was  mustering  in  these  streets,  the  first  regi- 
ment ever  raised  in  Worcester  county  for  actual  warfare,  the  Fifteenth  Regi- 
ment of  the  Massachusetts  line.  What  hard  fought  fields  at  Monmouth  and 
at  Trenton,  what  sufferings  at  Valley  Forge,  what  glory  and  victory  at 
Saratoga  and  Yorktown,  have  made  that  name  famous,  history  has  re- 
corded. And  now  that,  for  the  second  time,  Worcester  county  sends  out 
to  battle  a  full  regiment  of  her  sons,  by  a  coincidence  too  appropriate  to 
be  called  accident,  the  name  which  your  fathers  rendered  illustrious,  has 
been  allotted  to  you.  What  they  won  for  us,  it  is  yours  to  preserve 
for  us. 

The  ladies  of  Worcester  desire  to  testify,  that  while  you  strive  to  emu- 
late the  courage  and  self-devotion  of  your  fathers,  they  still  cherish  the 
sentiments  which  animated  the  mothers  of  the  revolutionary  times. 
Take  this  banner,  as  a  token  that  there  are  those  at  home  to  whom  the 
cause  in  which  3-ou  are  enlisted  is  precious.  As  you  look  upon  its  folds, 
blazoned  with  the  dear  emblems  of  the  country,  let  it  bring  the  thought 
of  the  mothers,  sisters,  wives,  without  whom  country  would  be  worthless. 
Amid  the  hardships  and  temptations  of  the  camp,  and  the  dangers  of  the 
battle-field,  let  it  witness  to  you  that  there  are  those  to  whom  your  welfare 
is  dear.  Absent,  but  with  most  intense  spiritual  presence,  wherever  you 
go,  whatever  you  may  suffer  or  dare,  they  will  be  with  you.  And  when 
you  return,  your  duty  all  well  done,  liberty  re-established,  law  vindicated, 
peace  restored,  bring  back  with  you  this  flag.     Know  that 

' There  are  bright  eyes  will  mark 

Your  coming,  and  grow  brighter  when  you  come.' 

If,  when  they  next  look  upon  it,  they  shall  see  those  folds,  now  so  beau- 
tiful and  pure,  blackened  by  smoke,  or  torn  by  shot  and  shell,  it  matters 
not  if  there  is  no  rent  in  the  Union  of  which  it  is  the  symbol,  no  stain  on 
the  honor  of  the  sons  of  Worcester,  to  whom  it  is  entrusted." 

When  the  speaker  closed  his  remarks,  the  regimental  band 
played  "  The  Star-Spangled  Banner,"  with  fine  effect.  Col- 
onel Devens,  on  receiving  the  flag  from  Mr.  Hoar,  responded 
in  substance  as  follows  : — 

"  Mr.  Hoar  :  —  I  accept  this  beautiful  banner,  which  you  have  pre- 
sented to  the  regiment  under  my  command,  in  behalf  of  the  ladies  of 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  85 

Worcester.  I  lay  hold  of  this  emblem  as  the  symbol  of  all  that  is  glorious, 
which  has  been  respected  wherever  it  has  floated  on  land  and  sea,  and 
which  I  believe,  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart,  shall  yet  be  respected, 
wherever  it  may  float,  whether  it  be  in  the  field  or  the  fortress,  or  from 
the  wave-rocked  topmast.  May  God  give  me  strength  to  perform  fully 
the  task  this  day  undertaken,  to  aid  in  upbearing  that  standard,  in  the 
contest  before  us,  that  the  fame  of  those  who  have  gone  before  us,  in 
defending  our  country  from  foes  without  and  traitors  within,  be  not 
dimmed.  There  is  indeed,  a  remarkable  coincidence,  as  you  have  so  well 
said,  in  the  name  of  the  regiment  which  I  have  the  honor  to  command, 
being  numbered  the  same  as  that  commanded  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  by  Colonel  Timothy  Bigelow,  over  whose  remains  yonder  proud 
monument  was,  three  months  ago,  erected  with  such  inspiring  ceremo- 
nies.* It  is  indeed  a  most  fortunate  omen.  I  trust  that  some  of  the  spirit 
which  animated  our  ancestors,  has  descended  upon  the  present  sons  of 
Worcester  county,  and  that  they  will  be  able  to  render  an  equally  good 
account  of  their  labors.  I  know  they  stand  ready  to  defend  that  flag,  as 
much  dearer  than  life,  as  honor  is  dearer ;  that  they  will  not  '  suffer  a 
single  star  to  be  obscured,  or  a  single  stripe  erased  '  from  that  glorious 
symbol  of  our  national  union.  I  am  unable  to  predict  as  to  our  return  ; 
yet  this  symbol  shall  be  returned  to  the  ladies  of  Worcester,  untarnished. 
Defeat,  disaster  and  death  may  come  to  us,  but  dishonor  never.  I  know 
vk^ell,  from  three  months'  experience,  how  much  the  aid  of  ladies  has  con- 
tributed to  the  welfare  of  troops  in  the  field,  and  we  shall  be  doubly 
encouraged  by  them  to  do  everything  which  can  be  done  in  the  per- 
formance of  our  duty,  cheered  by  their  approving  smiles  upon  our  en- 
deavors." 

Mayor  Davis,  with  appropriate  words,  thanked  the  regiment 
for  their  promptness  in  responding  to  the  call  of  their  coun- 
try, and  trusted  they  would  honor  themselves  as  much  as  did 
those  whom  Colonel  Bigelow  led  into  the  field  in  the  "  brave 
days  of  old."  They  might  be  assured  of  the  sympathies  and 
prayers  of  all  loyal  and  patriotic  men.  He  closed  by  invoking 
God's  blessing  on  the  departing  soldiers.  As  the  band  led  off 
in  "  Hail  Columbia,"  the  sergeant  waved  the  flag  from  the 
platform,  the  ladies  sprang  to  their  feet  and  waved  their  hand- 
kerchiefs, while  cheers  loud  and  hearty,  went  up  for  the  colors 
of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment. 

*  The  elegant  monument  of  Colonel  Timotliy  Bigelow,  of  revolutionary  fame,  was  set  up  on 
the  common  with  fitting  ceremonies,  the  week  before  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion,  and  the  services 
of  the  occasion  aided  in  inspiring  the  public  mind  to  meet  the  great  crisis. 


86 


WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 


The  next  day,  the  regiment  numbering  one  thousand  and 
forty-six  men,  officers  and  privates,  left  the  city,  about  six 
o'clock,  p.  M.,  by  the  Norwich  train,  for  the  seat  of  war.  The 
streets  were  lined  with  spectators,  and  fond  eyes  looked 
from  the  windows  on  the  route,  as  they  marched  to  the 
cars.  Sad  faces  were  seen  among  the  near  and  dear  friends 
of  the  soldiers  ;  but  hearty  cheers  greeted  them  as  they 
moved  off  from  scenes  which  many  of  them  would  never  be- 
hold again.  Ball's  Bluff,  the  Peninsula,  and  many  other  fields 
of  strife,  and  suffering,  and  triumph  were  now  before  them. 
But  we  must  not  anticipate. 

Field  and  Staff  of  the  Fifteenth   Regiment. 


Colonel, 

Lieutenant-  Colonel, 
Major, 
Adjutant, 
Quarter-master, 
Surgeon, 

Assistant  Surgeon, 
Chaplain, 
Sergeant- Major, 


Charles  Devens,  Jr., 
George  H.  Ward, 
J.  W.  Kimball, 
George  A.  Hicks, 
Church  Howe, 
Joseph  N.  Bates, 
S.  Foster  Haven,  Jr., 
William  G.  Scandlin, 
Francis  A.  Walker, 


Quarter-master  Sergeant,  William  R.  Steele, 


Commissary  Sergeant, 
Band  Master, 
Hospital  Steward, 


Worcester. 

Fitchburg. 
Boston. 
Worcester. 
Worcester. 

11 
Grafton. 

North  Brookfield. 
Worcester. 
Clinton. 
Worcester. 


William  G.  Waters, 
N.  P.  Goddard, 

Henry  Dearing.  „ 

Line  Officers. 
Co.  A,  Leominster.  Co.  E,  Oxford. 

Captain,  George  W.  Rockwood,      Captain,  Charles  H.  Watson, 
Lieuts.,    Leonard  Wood,  Lieuts.,    Nathan  Bartholomew, 

Frank  W.  Polley.  Bernard  V.  Vassal. 


Co.  B,  Fitchburg. 
Captain,  Clark  B.  Simonds, 
Lietits.,    J.  Myron  Goddard, 

Charles  H.  Eager. 

Co.  C,  Clinton. 
Captain,  Henry  Bowman, 
Lieuts.,  Andrew  L.  Fuller, 

James  N.  Johnson. 

Co.  D,  Worcester. 
Captain,  John  M.  Studley, 
Lieuts.,    Edwin  P.  Woodward, 

John  William  Grout. 


Co.  F,  Brookfield. 
Captaiti,  Sardus  S.  Sloan, 
Lieuts.,    Jeremiah  E.  Green, 

Lyman  H.  Ellingwood. 

Co.  G,  Grafton. 
Captain,  Walter  Forehand, 
Lieuts.,    Newell  K.  Holden, 

Stephen  L.  Kearney. 

Co.  H,  Northbridge. 
Captain,  Charles  Philbrick, 
Lieuts.,     Henry  S.  Taft, 

Richard  Derby. 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  8/ 

Co.  I,  Webster.  Co.  K,  Blackstone. 

Captain,  George  C.  Joslin,  Captam,  Moses  W.  Getchell, 

Lietits.,   Amos  Bartlett,  Lieuts.,   Edwix  B.  Staples, 
Frank  S.  Corbin.  Melvin  Rowland. 

Camp  Lincoln  now  demands  our  attention,  where  the 
Twenty-first  Regiment  was  preparing  for  service  in  the  field. 
This  camp  was  formed  on  the  grounds  of  the  Agricultural 
Society,  on  the  nineteenth  of  July,  when  six  companies  oc- 
cupied it.  It  was  composed  mainly  of  Worcester-county 
men  though  there  was  a  considerable  number  fi-om  the  more 
western  counties.  Major-General  Augustus  Morse,  of  the 
Third  Division  Massachusetts  Militia,  was  appointed  colonel, 
and  had  command  of  the  camp.  In  giving  name  to  Camp 
Lincoln,  he  used  the  following  language  :  — 

"  In  honor  of  the  president  of  the  United  States,  the  dis- 
tinguished historical  position  of  the  name  of  Lincoln,  and 
especially  in  honor  of  our  venerable  patriot  and  worthy  fel- 
low-citizen, ex-Governor  Lincoln,  this  camp  has  been  desig- 
nated Camp  Lincoln." 

Mr.  Lincoln  responded  in  a  patriotic  letter,  extracts  from 
which  are  here  cited,  as  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  times. 

"Worcester,  July  22,  1861. 

General  :  —  I  cannot  fail  to  receive  with  the  deepest  and  most 
grateful  emotions,  your  communication  of  the  honor  conferred  upon  me 
in  the  designation  of  the  encampment  of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment  of 
Massachusetts  Volunteers,  under  your  command,  by  expressly  associat- 
ing the  remembrance  of  me  with  the  historical  position  of  the  name 
which  it  is  my  privilege  to  bear,  and  wilh  his  who  at  the  head  of  the  na- 
tion in  this  most  perilous  crisis  of  its  destiny,  by  his  consummate  wisdom, 
heroic  firmness  and  constancy,  and  devoted  patriotism  in  purpose  and 
action,  has  made  that  name  eminently  and  forever  illustrious. 

With  no  personal  pretensions  to  this  most  flattering  notice,  I  yet 
may  be  permitted,  I  trust,  without  indelicacy,  to  claim  that  my  family 
has  not  been  without  its  representative  servant  in  all  the  most  eventful 
periods  of  our  country's  history. 

Two  brothers  of  my  father  were  in  the  army  of  the  Revolution.  A 
brother  of  my  own  was  in  the  service  of  the  state,  in  command  of  a  com- 
pany, in  the  war  of  181 2  with  Great  Britain.  A  son  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Buena  Vista,  in  Mexico.     A  grandson  is  at  this  time  enrolled  with  the 


88  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

rank  and  file  of  the  noble  Sixth  Massachusetts  Volunteers  of  Baltimore 
celebrity.  Thus  the  blood  of  four  successive  generations  binds  me  in 
sympathy  with  the  brave  defenders  of  the  republic;  and  the  earnest, 
fervent  prayer  of  my  last  declining  years  is,  that  those  on  whom  will 
devolve  the  great  duty  of  upholding  the  integrity  of  the  Union,  and  of 
preserving  and  transmitting  the  institutions  of  free  constitutional  govern- 
ment, with  all  the  countless  and  inappreciably  precious  blessings  of 
liberty,  protection,  and  social  order,  which  only  such  a  government  can 
secure,  may  be  faithful  and  competent  to  their  high  responsibility,  and 
gloriously  triumphant  in  this  mortal  struggle  for  national  existence." 

On  the  twenty-sixth,  the  Ashburnham  company,  Captain 
Walker,  were  presented  with  a  fine  set  of  linen  havelocks  by 
the  ladies  of  Worcester.  These  articles  of  "  head-gear  "  were 
soon  discarded  by  our  soldiers,  as  not  suited  to  their  habits, 
but  they  were  supposed,  at  the  time,  to  be  as  well  adapted  to 
our  forces,  as  to  those  Indian  sepoys  under  the  command  of 
the  good  and  brave  general  after  whose  name  they  were 
called. 

The  pulpit  was  active  in  giving  tone  to  public  sentiment. 
On  Sunday,  the  twenty-eighth.  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  delivered 
a  discourse  in  Salem-Street  Church,  founded  on  Eccl.  9:  ii. 
The  idea  of  the  sermon  was,  that  God  always  helps  those  who 
help  themselves  in  obedience  to  his  laws.  God  works 
through  forces  which  he  has  ordained  ;  therefore  we  should 
put  forth  our  strength  in  his  cause,  and  expect  his  blessing. 
On  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  at  six  o'clock,  directly  after 
dress  parade  he  held  religious  services  with  the  Twenty-first 
Regiment.  The  regiment  formed  a  square,  and  were  sur- 
rounded by  a  large  collection  of  citizens  who  came  in  from  all 
parts  of  the  city.  Says  the  Palladuim,  "  Mr.  Richardson 
readily  gained  the  attention  of  his  large  audience,  all  of  whom 
seemed  to  enter  into  and  partake  of  the  patriotic  sentiments 
which  flowed  from  the  lips  of  the  speaker  in  rich  tones  of  feel- 
ing, tending  to  inspire  the  soldiers  with  fortitude  and  courage, 
and  at  the  same  time,  admonish  them  of  the  magnitude  of  their 
undertaking,  and  the  '  price  it  costs.'  He  spoke  many  kind 
words  to  the  soldiers,  beseeching  them  to  avoid  temptation  to 
evil  habits,  to  train  their  minds  to  duty,  and  when  the  proper 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  89 

time  comes,  *  to  do  it  with  a  will,'  as  becometh  men  doing  bat- 
tle for  the  right." 

The  next  Sabbath  evening,  similar  exercises  were  con- 
ducted by  Rev.  Mr.  Hager,  of  All  Saints  Church,  who  mani- 
fested on  many  occasions,  a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
soldiers.  His  choir  assisted  in  the  devotional  exercises.  At 
subsequent  times,  meetings  were  held  by  Rev.  Mr.  Richard- 
son, and  others. 

The  Templeton  company  received  over  a  hundred  havelocks 
at  the  hands  of  Mr.  George  F.  Miller,  of  Royalston,  acting 
in  behalf  of  two  ladies'  societies  in  that  town,  of  which  Mrs. 
E.  W.  Bullard  and  Miss  Lizzie  Chase  were  presidents. 

The  regiment  was  visited  by  friends  from  all  the  towns 
which  furnished  companies,  and  received  many  marks  of  kind- 
ness from  home  friends,  as  well  as  from  the  citizens  of  Wor- 
cester. The  day  of  their  departure,  August  23,  was  crowded 
with  very  interesting  incidents  of  a  public  and  private  na- 
ture. The  preparations  were  watched  with  deep  inter- 
est, by  a  very  large  gathering  of  the  friends  of  the  regiment, 
who  thronged  the  streets,  and  gave  expression  of  their  pride 
in  its  discipline  and  spirit,  till  the  cars  bore  them  away.  Be- 
fore leaving  the  camp  ground,  a  beautiful  flag,  the  gift  of  the 
ladies  of  Worcester,  was  presented  in  the  presence  of  an  im- 
mense assemblage.  The  speaker's  stand  was  placed  in  the 
center  of  the  field,  and  the  regiment  was  formed  into  line  on 
the  north  side.  At  three  o'clock.  Major  Clark  announced  the 
order  of  exercises,  and  Charles  S.  Davis,  Esq.,  in  behalf  of 
the  committee  of  arrangements,  introduced  Rev.  Merrill 
Richardson,  who  addressed  the  throne  of  grace  in  a  fervent 
and  appropriate  manner,  "  praying  that  the  brave  soldiers  be- 
fore him,  now  about  to  enter  the  field  of  strife,  might  be  ena- 
bled to  take  that  banner,  and  carry  it  forward  from  conquer:' 
to  conquest,  as  the  symbol  of  our  freedom  and  unity,  until  I. 
shall  float  over  every  spot  in  this  broad  land  from  which  it 
has  ever  waved  ;  that  speedily  and  effectually  the  present  re- 
bellion might  be  stayed,  and  once  more  this  great  people 
be  united  and  harmonious  in  the  prosecution  of  those  benefi- 


90  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

cent  enterprises  of  peace  for  which  our  country  has  stood  be- 
fore the  world  the  unexampled  model ;  that  she  might  be  once 
more  and  forever  as  of  old,  in  truth,  *  the  home  of  the  free  and 
the  asylum  of  the  oppressed,'  and  the  medium  of  blessings  to 
all  the  earth." 

After  music  by  the  regimental  band,  Hon.  Alexander  H. 
Bullock  presented  the  flag,  which  was  unrolled  amid  the  loud- 
est demonstrations  of  applause.  The  following  are  extracts 
from  the  presentation  speech,  which  was  often  and  enthusias- 
tically cheered  in  the  course  of  its  delivery. 

"  Colonel  Morse,  Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the  Twenty- 
first  :  —  I  have  been  requested  by  the  patriotic  ladies  of  Worcester,  to 
present  from  their  hands  to  yours  these  regimental  colors.  Summoned 
to  the  field  sooner  than  you  or  we  had  expected,  in  the  haste  of  your 
departure  it  is  only  fit  that  I  should  detain  you  long  enough  to  commit 
to  your  keeping  this  proof  of  the  interest  which  this  city  of  your  first  en- 
campment cherishes  in  your  welfare,  and  of  the  devotion  of  her  heart  of 
hearts  to  the  cause  which  your  arms  defend.  You  will  receive  it  with  the 
assurance  that  from  our  firesides  and  domestic  altars,  patriotism,  piety, 
the  aspirations  of  all  that  is  fair,  and  co-operation  of  all  that  is  manly,  will 
follow  you  to  the  field. 

You  march  amid  grand  and  solemn  events.  Our  government,  our 
capital,  the  flag  of  our  renown,  our  unity,  our  existence,  is  in  peri^!.  The 
fountains  of  the  great  deep  are  broken  up  ;  we  are  in  civil  war.  But  let 
no  one  suppose,  therefore,  that  our  heritage  is  passing  away.  The  tides 
of  history  are  not  to  be  turned  back.  Though  rebellion,  blazing  rebellion, 
rears  its  banner  from  the  capes  of  Virginia,  round  the  gulf  and  midway 
up  the  valley,  the  people  are  making  a  life  struggle  for  their  national 
unity,  and  they  can  and  they  will  preserve  it.  We  are  not  to  lose  our 
national  identity.  We  shall  still  continue  to  date  from  George  Washing- 
ton, and  his  achievements,  and  his  glory.  We  are  not  yet  transferring 
the  dust  of  two  generations  of  free  and  united  America  to  its  grave,  and 
closing  the  annals.  The  bell  of  time  is  indeed  striking  an  epoch,  but  we 
do  not  believe  that  it  is  opening  before  us  another  which  is  unknown  and 
undiscernible.  There  is  a  thread  of  providence,  of  history,  of  civilization, 
which  connects  the  America  that  is  past  to  the  America  that  is  to  come. 
American  constitutional  government  is  a  conviction,  an  idea,  a  principle, 
that  is  imperishable,  for  it  rests  on  the  hearts  of  its  people.  It  may  for  a 
time  be  destroyed,  but  from  momentary  disaster  or  dishonor  it  will  rise 
with  redoubled  majesty  for  its  more  certain  vindication.   .  .  . 

Mr.  Commander,  men  of  P'ranklin  and  Berkshire  and  Hampden  and 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  9 1 

Worcester,  I  invoke  you  to  contemplate  the  position  of  the  proud  Com- 
monwealth you  represent.  Such  has  been  her  response  to  the  crisis 
which  is  upon  us,  that  everywhere  the  unsubstantial  cloud  has  been  lifted 
from  her  name,  and  she  has  risen  as  by  enchantment  to  the  applause  of 
states.  The  muse  of  history  has  with  a  new  title  assigned  the  7imetee?ith 
of  April,  among  the  holy  days  of  her  calendar.  The  genius  of  her  people 
re-opened  the  highway  to  the  capital.  The  gallantry  of  her  sons  will  ever 
be  repeated  at  the  gates  of  Baltimore,  never  again  to  be  closed,  because 
OUR  DEAD  speak  trumpet-tongued  to  the  ear  and  the  heart  of  the  nation. 
Massachusetts  in  her  age  is  re-treading  the  pathways  of  her  youth.  .  .  . 
Wherever  you  shall  go  in  this  sublime  service,  where  '  the  bloody  sign  of 
battle  is  hung  out,'  there  you  will  find  your  dear  old  Massachusetts  prom- 
ising you  her  guardian  angel  care,  only  beseeching  you  in  your  life,  and  if 
need  be  in  your  death,  to  honor  this  historic  symbol. 

Let  those  colors  be  now  unfurled.  We  swear  by  them, —  in  the  pres- 
ence of  each  other,  before  men  and  angels,  we  renew  our  allegiance  to 
The  Flag  of  our  Union.  Let  others  bestow  their  complacent  gaze 
upon  only  half  a  flag,  with  a  few  lost  stars  ;  we  desire  to  breathe  our  last 
sigh  under  these  azure  folds,  with  not  a  star  or  a  stripe  erased.  Let  trai- 
tors do  battle  as  they  may,  with  the  bayonet  leaves  of  the  palmetto  float- 
ing over  them,  and  in  fellowship  with  the  resonant  sound  of  'the  rattle- 
snake ;  it  is  worth  all  of  life  to  you  to  march  only  under  the  old  national 
ensign,  and  to  die,  if  it  so  please  Providence,  amid  the  cadence  of  the  na- 
tional anthem. 

Men  of  the  Twenty-first !  the  banner  is  yours.  Reverence  it  in  the 
hour  of  security  ;  honor  it  in  the  clustering  battle  !  And  it  is  the 
prayer  of  your  friends  from  whose  hands  the  gift  has  come  to  you,  that 
Almighty  God  will  preserve  your  lives,  and  restore  you  to  Massachusetts 
and  to  those  you  love." 

Colonel  Morse  received  the  flag,  and  expressed  the  grati- 
tude of  the  regiment  to  the  fair  donors.  The  flag  would  be 
cherished  as  a  token  of  love,  and  the  givers  would  ever  be  re- 
membered as  noblest  and  dearest  friends.  "This  flag,"  the 
colonel  continued,  "  which  we  have  loved  and  nurtured,  which 
has  protected  us  on  land  and  sea,  and  will  ever  protect  us, 
God  wilHng,  all  the  days  of  our  lives,  shall  be  the  herald  of  our 
charge  upon  traitors,  and  be  held  up  to  inspire  us  to  fight  the 
battles  of  our  country,  in  defense  of  its  glorious  institutions." 

The  band  then  struck  up  "  The  Star-Spangled  Banner,"  as 
the  flag  \va.s  waved  before  the  audience,  amid  the  most  deaf- 
ening plaudits.     A  little  after  four  o'clock,  p.m.,  the  regiment, 


92 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


about  one  thousand  strong,  preceded  by  the  regimental  band, 
marched  through  several  streets,  to  the  Common,  where  they 
took  the  cars.  With  hand-shakings  and  kisses,  with  earnest 
words  of  kindness,  and  with  cheers,  they  took  their  leave,  at 
six  o'clock,  and  were  soon  hurrying  on  their  way,  the  prayers 
of  many  ascending  to  Heaven  in  their  behalf. 

The  following  is  a  complete  roster  of  the  regiment,  includ- 
ing all  the  field  and  staff  officers,  and  the  commissioned 
officers  of  the  several  companies,  at  the  time  of  entering 
service. 

Field  and  Staff  of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment. 


Colonel., 

Lieutenant-  Colonel, 

Major, 

Adjutant,  * 

Surgeoti, 

Assistant  Snrgeon,  \ 

Chaplain, 

Quarter-master, 

Quarter-master  Sergeant, 

Com7}iissary  Sergeant, 

Sergeant-Major, 

Hospital  Steward, 

Band  Master, 


Co.  A,  Templeton. 
Captain,  George  P.  Hawkes, 
Lieuts.,    Charles  W.  Davis, 

John  Brooks,  Jr. 

Co.  B,  Springfield. 
Captain,  Charles  F.  Walcott, 
Lieuts.,    Wells  Willard, 

James  W.  Hopkins. 

Co.  C,  Spencer. 
Captain,  James  M.  Richardson, 
Lieuts.,    William  T.  Harlow, 

Ira  J.  Kelton. 

Co.  D,  Fitchburg. 
Captain,  Theodore  S.  Foster, 
Lieuts.,    Charles  Barker, 

Ebenezer  T.  Heywood. 


Augustus  Morse,  Leominster, 

Albert  C.  Maggi,  New  Bedford. 

William  S.  Clark,  Amherst. 

Theron  E.  Hall,  Holden. 

Calvin  Cutter,  Warren. 

Orrin  Warren,  West  Newbury. 

George  S.  Ball,  Upton. 

George  F.  Thompson,        Worcester. 

Harrison  A.  Royce,  Newton. 

Harrison  A.  Morse,  Leominster. 

W.  Henry  Valentine,       Worcester. 

James  W.  Green,  Fitchburg. 

Warren  B.  Johnson,         Webster. 

Line  Officers. 

Co.  E,  West  Boylston. 
Captain,  Pelham  Bradford, 
Lieuts.,    Solomon  Hovey,  Jr., 

Woodbury  Whittejiore. 

Co.  F,  Worcester. 
Captain,  B.  Frank  Rogej^s, 
Lietits.,    Charles  K.  Stoddard, 

Samuel  O.  Laforrest. 

Co.  G,  Ashburnliam. 
Captain,  Addison  A.  Walker, 
Lieuts.,    Alonzo  P.  Davis, 

Samuel  O.  Taylor. 

Co.  H,  Belchertown. 
Captain,  Joseph  P.  Rice, 
Lieuts.,    John  D.  Frazer, 

Solomon  C.  Shumway. 


Harrison  W.  Pratt,  (temporary.) 


t  J.  Marcus  Rice,  (temporary.) 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIIMENTS.  93 

Co.  I,  Pittsfield.  Co.  K,  Barre. 

Captain,  Henry  H.  Richardson,  Captain,  Thomas  S.  Washburn, 

Lieuts.,     Frazer  A.  Stearns,  Lieuts.,    M.  M.  Parkhurst, 

J.  W.  Fletcher.  John  B.  Williams. 

Before  entering  upon  the  organization  of  the  Twenty-fifth 
Regiment,  a  few  items  having  chronological  connection  with 
passing  events,  will  be  recorded. 

Early  in  August  the  Hon.  Dexter  F.  Parker,  who  had  been 
connected  with  the  Light  Infantry,  received  the  appointment 
of  brigade  quarter-master  in  the  regular  army,  with  the  rank 
of  captain. 

On  the  thirteenth  day  of  August,  a  company  of  youth 
formed  under  the  name  of  Lincoln  Guards,  with  D.  M.  Wood- 
ward for  captain,  met  for  practice  in  drill  and  the  use  of  arms. 
By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Ethan  Allen,  they  had  the  free  use  of 
fifty  guns. 

The  roll  of  the  Worcester  Zouaves,  on  the  fifteenth  of  Au- 
gust, numbered  seventy,  comprising  a  fine  looking  body  of 
young  men.    Captain,  B.  F.  Rogers ;  Lieutenant,  F.  T.  Leach. 

Rev.  George  B.  Cheever,  D.D.,  of  New  York,  who  had  re- 
cently returned  from  England,  and  was  visiting  in  this  city, 
gave  a  lecture,  by  invitation,  in  Mechanics  Hall.  He  was  in- 
troduced by  Hon.  William  W.  Rice,  who  made  graceful  and 
appropriate  allusion  to  his  labors  in  England  in  behalf  of  our 
country.  The  tenor  of  Dr.  Cheever's  earnest  address  was,  that 
the  sympathy  of  the  British  public  could  not  be  expected  un- 
til the  war  power  was  applied  to  the  abolition  of  slavery. 

About  this  time,  Rev.  Joseph  C.  Cromack,  pastor  of  the 
Laurel  Street  Methodist  Church,  was  commissioned  as  chap- 
lain, and  subsequently  became  connected  with  the  Twentieth 
Regiment,  as  successor  of  Rev.  John  Pierpont ;  and  George 
Upham,  son  of  Deacon  Joel  W.  Upham,  was  commissioned  as 
master  in  the  navy,  and  ordered  to  service  on  board  the 
James  Adger,  at  New  York.  Dr.  O.  Martin  was  promoted  as 
brigade  surgeon,  and  ordered  to  join  Sherman's  army. 

The  Worcester  County  Regiment  as  it  was  sometimes 
called,  or  the  Twenty-fifth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  was  or- 


94  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

ganized  *  at  Camp  Lincoln  in  September  and  October,  and 
left  for  the  field  on  the  last  day  of  the  latter  month.  An  en- 
thusiastic war  meeting  was  held  in  Mechanics  Hall,  on  Sat- 
urday evening,  the  fourteenth,  in  aid  of  the  formation  of  this 
regiment.  Owing  to  various  causes,  among  which  was  the 
demand  for  labor  in  establishments  that  were  stimulated  to 
unwonted  activity  by  the  war,  there  had  been  an  apparent 
want  of  spirit  in  filling  the  ranks  of  the  third  regiment  called 
for  from  this  county.  The  meeting  was  designed  to  arouse 
public  attention,  and  impress  upon  the  young  men  the  great 
duty  of  the  hour. 

A  vast  throng  of  citizens  attended  the  meeting,  crowding 
every  part  of  the  ball.  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  arrangements,  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and 
presented  a  list  of  officers  for  its  organization.  The  mayor, 
Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  was  chosen  president,  with  about  fifty  vice- 
presidents,  among  whom  were  Levi  Lincoln,  Charles  Allen, 
Ichabod  Washburn,  and  other  gentlemen  distinguished  in  all 
the  walks  of  life.  The  mayor,  on  taking  the  chair,  was  cor- 
dially received,  and  in  a  brief  speech,  said  :  — 

"  Fellow-Citizens  :  — We  have  assembled  for  no  partisan  or  political 
purpose.  We  have  assembled  for  a  high  and  noble  object,  —  to  sustain 
the  Constitution  and  the  Union,  by  giving  aid  to  the  government  to  enable 
it  to  crush  out   this  wicked  rebellion   against  our  glorious  Union.     Last 


*  The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  was  raised  under  an  order  allowing  only  about  five  and  a  half 
weeks'  time,  —  a  period  unusually  brief.  But  the  work  was  done  within  the  allotted  time. 
The  order  was  as  follows :  — 

Boston,  September,  19   iS6i. 

A  regiment  may  be  raised  in  Worcester  County,  of  which  Edwin  Upton  is  designated  as  colonel, 
and  Augustus  B.  R.  Sprague  is  designated  as  lieutenant-colonel.  The  persons  herein  indicated 
by  Colonel  Upton  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague,  may  recruit  companies,  and  be  appointed  to 
the  places  indicated  against  their  names,  if  reported  to  the  commander-in-chief  by  the  colonel  as 
competent  on  going  into  camp. 

Persons  enlisting  must  sign  an  agreement  to  serve  in  soine  company,  if  their  own  is  not  filled  up 
seasonably.     Companies  to  be  assigned  to  other  regiments  if  theirs  is  not  seasonably  filled. 
,  As  soon  as  fifteen  are  enlisted  in  a  company,  they  may  be  rationed  by  the  commissary-general. 

As  soon  as  fifty  men  are  enlisted  in  any  one  company,  they  are  to  go  into  camp  and  receive  pay 
from  that  date. 

To  the  twenty-si.xth  day  of  October  is  allowed  each  ofiicer  to  raise  a  field  company. 

The  following  are  the  persons  authorized  to  recruit  companies :  —  Josiah  Pickett,  Worcester,  Cap- 
tain ;  Willard  Clark,  Milford,  Capt.iin  ;  Thomas  O'Niel,  Worcester,  Captain  ;  C.  H.  Foss,  Fitch- 
burg,  Captain  :  James  K.  Young,  Webster,  Captain. 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS,  95 

April  we  were  called  upon  for  troops  to  defend  the  capital,  and  I  was 
rejoiced  that  Worcester  turned  out  more  than  four  hundred  men  ready  to 
go  at  a  moment's  warning.  It  rejoiced  my  heart  to  see  those  brave  men 
volunteer  and  march  to  defend  the  country.  The  Worcester  Light  Infan- 
try were  the  first  to  enter  the  capital,  armed  and  equipped  against  the  foe. 
Those  noble  men  went  and  served  their  time  with  honor,  and  command 
the  gratitude,  respect  and  esteem  of  their  fellow-citizens.  It  was  a  noble 
spectacle,  and^  filled  our  hearts  with  joy,  and  if  the  mighty  dead  could  have 
heard  their  martial  tramp  as  they  left  the  city,  it  would  have  been  music  to 
their  ears.  Our  government  now  wants  more  men,  and  shall  we  not  send 
our  proportion  to  sustain  the  cause  for  which  they  pledged  their  lives  and 
fortunes  ? " 

The  Hon.  Henry  Wilson,  of  Natick,  was  introduced,  and 
was  greeted  with  prolonged  applause.  His  speech  was  brim- 
ful of  sense  and  patriotism,  and  closed  with  an  earnest  appeal 
to  the  young  men  to  place  their  names,  without  delay,  upon 
the  muster-roll  of  the  regiment. 

Hon.  A,  H.  Bullock  was  then  presented  to  the  audience, 
and  delivered  an  address  which  was  frequently  interrupted  by 
generous  and  enthusiastic  plaudits.  A  few  extracts  are  given 
because  such  utterances  as  these  show  the  spirit  that  pre- 
vailed, and  help  us  to  bring  the  past  before  us  with  the  vivid- 
ness of  present  experience.  After  a  few  words  of  introduc- 
tion, he  continued  as  follows  :  — 

"  The  objects  of  the  meeting  appear  to  me  half  accomplished  if  we  ap- 
prehend the  magnitude  of  the  national  crisis.  This  presence  is  itself  an 
illustration  of  the  exigency  which  summons  us.  This  attendance,  these 
cheering  countenances,  we  have  seen  here  before,  when  the  hall  was 
lighted,  and  its  arches  echoed  for  political  success  and  party  victories. 
But  THIS  band  and  tie  of  unity,  in  which  all  hearts  are  as  one,  palpitating 
with  a  common  hope,  melted  together  with  an  intensity  of  patriotism  that 
comes  only  from  the  baptism  of  blood,  —  this  betokens  another  era  and  a 
new  consecration.  The  contests,  successes,  defeats,  and  illuminations,  of 
the  past,  are  extinguished.  The  whole  scene,  all  the  thoughts  and  diver- 
sities of  men,  have  been  changed  in  an  hour.  The  guns  which  were 
leveled  at  Fort  Sumter,  leveled  all  distinctions  of  party,  and  loyal  men 
everywhere  are  brothers.  We  are  struggling  for  national  life.  The  na- 
tion itself  is  in  arms  to  maintain  its  unity  and  government.  Hitherto 
slumbering  in  our  prosperity,  we  have  at  last  been  awakened  by  the  shock 
of  open  rebellion,  to  contemplate  the  value  of  the  government,  and  the 


96  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

necessity  at  all  hazards  and  by  every  conceivable  sacrifice,  of  rescuing  it 
from  the  perils  which  threaten  to  engulf  it.  .  .  . 

If  money  is  wanted  it  must  be  had.  And  let  us  make  the  beginning  to- 
night by  pledging  our  faith  to  the  government,  and  our  confidence  in  its 
securities.  Some  of  our  banks  have  already  done  largely  and  well,  and  I 
honor  their  managers  for  the  action.  But  we  have  yet  to  bring  this  sub- 
ject to  our  own  individual  consciousness  of  duty.  Every  man  or  woman 
who  has  anything  to  spare,  owes  it  to  the  country,  this  month  and  next, 
to  place  a  portion  of  it  at  least  in  the  public  stocks.  If  the  government  is 
saved,  these  will  be  our  best  estate  ;  if  the  government  is  lost,  these  will 
be  worth  more  than  anything  else,  for  we  can  bequeath  them  to  our  de- 
scendants as  memorials  of  our  fidelity.  Every  dollar  invested  for  the 
government,  will  transcend  in  appreciation  the  annals  of  usury  ;  and  even 
if  it  were  lost,  it  would  be  riches  to  the  losers,  for  it  would  be  re-coined  in 
the  wealth  and  treasure  of  the  heart.  It  behooves  us  all  to  spare  some- 
thing, to  save  something,  for  the  public  securities.  As  somebody  has 
said,  it  will  prove  the  silver  bullet  which  will  penetrate  the  heart  of  re- 
bellion. 

And  further  than  this,  I  have  the  confidence  to  say  that  if  it  be  neces- 
sary that  any  money  should  be  raised  by  the  city  of  Worcester,  in  order 
to  secure  the  speedy  enlistment  of  the  new  regiment  under  Upton  and 
Sprague,  it  must  be  had.  If  I  could  see  this  matter  reduced  to  a  pal- 
pable alternative  trembling  in  the  visible  scales,  — at  one  end  of  the  beam 
the  question  of  sending  out  in  thirty  days  a  new  regiment  from  the  city 
and  county  of  Worcester,  and  at  the  other  end  the  question  of  an  addition 
of  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  debt  and  taxes  of  the  city,  —  I  would 
strike  the  balance  this  instant,  and,  as  one  citizen  and  one  tax  payer, 
say  to  you,  bring  on  your  tax  bills,  and  send  out  the  regi- 
ment. We  have  but  just  begun  to  drop  the  plummet  to  the  depths  of 
this  question.     It  involves  the  issues  of  life  and  death.  .  .  . 

And  as  lives  are  necessary,  they  too  must  be  offered.  The  soldier  un- 
derstands it.  The  feet  of  armies  tread  upon  the  margin  of  the  dark  valley 
of  the  shadow  of  death.  And  yet,  such  is  the  order  of  war,  the  experience 
of  nations,  the  good  and  watchful  providence  of  God  brings  most  in  safety 
away.  Some  must  needs  enter  within  the  portals.  But  what  is  death  at 
the  post  of  duty,  in  defence  of  our  country,  —  in  the  cause  of  liberty,  — 
with  the  flag  of  our  country  for  a  winding  sheet,  and  the  assurance  of  a 
nation's  gratitude?  So  slept  the  brave  defender  of  Missouri  —  General 
Lyon  —  and  awoke  to  immortal  fame.  So  sleeps  every  true  soldier  who 
falls  under  the  flag  of  his  country. 

'  There  is  a  tear  for  all  that  die, 

A  mourner  o'er  the  humblest  grave  ; 
But  NATIONS  swell  the  funeral  cry, 

And  FREEDOM  weeps  above  the  brave.'  " 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  97 

After  referring  to  the  Southern  interpretation  of  the  Con- 
stitution, which  would  make  a  loose  league  of  states  rather 
than  a  nation,  he  closed  with  these  words  :  — 

"  Let  us,  fellow-citizens,  rather  rally  round  the  patriotic,  and  resolute, 
and  incorruptible  president,  forgetful  of  all  party  lines  which  have  hitherto 
divided  us,  remembering  only  that  he  is  by  the  free  choice  of  the  American 
people,  and  in  the  hands  of  providence,  the  impersonation  of  the  last 
hope  of  constitutional  liberty  in  the  centuries.  Let  us  rather  emblazon 
over  our  dwellings  the  counsel  of  the  departed  Douglass, — that  no  man 
can  be  a  true  democrat  who  is  not  loyal  to  the  Union.  Let  us  rather 
throw  open  our  hearts  to  the  inspiring  admonitions  of  the  noble  and  elo- 
quent Holt,  and  with  our  lives  and  our  fortunes  in  our  hands,  exclaim  to 
the  president, — use  them  freely,  use  them  boldly,  but  use  them  success- 
fully. Let  us  rather  bestow  our  approving  sympathies  upon  the  enthusi- 
astic commander  of  the  west,  who  is  organizing  her  imperial  army  to  bear 
the  standard  of  the  Union  along  the  Father  of  Waters  —  with  a  proclama- 
tion floating  from  the  eagle  of  every  regiment,  which  will  make  it  no  fault 
of  his,  or  of  ours,  or  of  the  government,  if  every  steamer  from  New  Or- 
leans to  Cairo  shall  be  crowded  with  two-legged  contrabands  thick  as 
bees  in  swarming  time.  Let  us  rather  follow  with  our  prayers  and  bene- 
dictions, those  who  have  gone  out  from  our  own  midst,  counting  not  their 
own  lives  dear  to  them,  if  so  be  they  may  die  under  the  stars  and  stripes, 
and  leave  a  country  and  a  government  behind  them.  Let  us  rather  in 
patriotic  competition  with  other  communities  of  Massachusetts,  and  with 
all  possible  dispatch,  set  about  the  enrollment  of  another  regiment  from 
the  city  and  county  of  Worcester,  who,  under  the  gallant  and  popular 
officers  designated  by  the  governor,  and  generously  mingling  the  currents 
of  Celtic  and  Teutonic  and  Yankee  blood,  shall  bear  the  honor  of  the 
government  and  the  symbol  of  the  Union  to  whatever  field  they  may  be 
ordered.     Our  cause  is  just,  and  time  is  fleeting.    Make  up  the  regiment." 

Lieutenant  McCafiferty  was  introduced  as  a  young  man 
who  in  April,  sprang  to  the  post  of  duty,  and  was  ready  to  go 
again.  He  made  a  stirring  and  patriotic  speech,  urging  the 
young  men  to  enlist  without  delay,  and  resumed  his  seat  airiid 
loud  cheering. 

The  influence  of  the  meeting  was  felt  immediately  in  the 
recruiting  rooms,  as  some  went  from  the  hall  to  enroll  their 
names.  "  The  same  patriotic  spirit  found  expression  in  more 
than  one  of  the  pulpits  of  the  city,  and  many  an  earnest 
prayer  went  up  to  heaven  for  the  holy  cause."  During  the 
succeeding    fortnight   the  ranks  were   rapidly  filled,  by  a  fine 

7 


98  •  WORCESTER    IN   THE   WAR. 

class  of  young  men.     The  camp  equipage  for  the  regiment 
was  received  on  the  twenty-fifth,  and  a  few  tents  were  put 
up  that  evening.     The  Milford  company  arrived  on  the  same 
day.     Colonel  Upton  issued  the  first  of  his  "  General  Orders  " 
for  the  regulation  of  the  camp.     Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague 
was  presented  with  a    "  magnificent  sword,"  with    belt,  etc., 
by  the  members  of  Co.  A,  lately  under  his  command.     The 
sword  was  provided   with  two   scabbards,  one   of  metal  for 
service,  and  a   handsome  gilt   one   for   dress  occasions.     By 
the  third  of  October  the  regiment  numbered  eight  hundred 
men,    and   a  "  finer   body   of  young   fellows   could   hardly  be 
found  in  the  great  army  of  the  Union."     Before  the  regiment 
left  for  active  service,  several  presentations  were  made  to  vari- 
ous officers.      Captain  Denny,  Lieutenant  Merritt  B.  Bessey, 
Lieutenant  Henry  McConville,  Lieutenant  Friedrich  Weigand 
Lieutenant  Buffum,  and   Lieutenant  G.  S.  Campbell,  received 
a  sword,  belt  and  sash,  each  ;  and    some  of  them    a    revolver 
and  other  articles  fit  for  use  or  ornament.     Captain  Wage- 
ley  and   Lieutenant   Richter   of   the   German  company,  ( G ) 
were  favored  with  similar  gifts,  accompanied  with  appropriate 
addresses   and   responses.     Nor  was    Major  McCafferty  for- 
gotten.    Some  of  his    friends   presented   him  with   a   horse, 
horse-equipments,  and  revolvers.     Rev.  J.  J.  Power  made  the 
speech  of  presentation,  replete  with   sentiments    of  personal 
esteem,  and  of  devotion  to  the  cause.     The  reply  was  charac- 
teristic of  the  gallant   major.     He   also   received,   from    the 
members    of  the   bar,  through   the    Hon.  P.  Emory   Aldrich, 
the  District  Attorney,  a  sword,  sash,  belt,  pistol,  and  shoul- 
der  straps,  as    a   testimonial    of  the   esteem    and   regard    in 
which  he  was  held  by  his  professional  brethren. 

Religious  services  were  held  in  the  camp  on  successive 
Sabbaths,  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Moss,  Hill, 
Sweetser,  Richardson,  and  others,  assisted  by  choirs  from 
the  different  churches.  Prayer  meetings  were  held  several 
evenings  in  the  week,  in  a  room  in  Agricultural  Hall.  On 
the  afternoon  of  the  last  Sunday  in  October,  the  regiment 
marched  to  the  Old  South  Church,  the  pastor  of  which.  Rev. 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  99 

Horace  James,  had  received  the  appointment  of  chaplain. 
The  church  was  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity.  Mr.  James 
said  in  the  course  of  his  sermon,  that  it  should  be  their  aim 
in  the  war  to  strike  a  deadly  blow  at  the  root  of  the  evil, 
at  the  heart  of  the  destroyer,  slavery,  which  was  the  cause 
of  the  war.  He  then  referred  to  a  remark  said  to  have 
been  made  by  some  one  on  Main  Street,  just  after  the  recent 
disaster  at  Ball's  Bluff,  that  it  would  be  better  now  to  give 
up  to  the  rebels,  and  not  fight  them  any  longer.  "  He  said 
that  the  person  who  uttered  that  diabolical  sentiment  was 
dishonored,  and  had  disgraced  himself,  and  was  not  fit  to 
live  in  any  country.  A  spontaneous  burst  of  applause  here 
arose  from  the  soldiers  in  the  body  of  the  church.  Mr. 
James  remarked  it  was  the  first  time  any  manifestation  of  that 
kind  had  occurred  in  that  house,  but  he  would  excuse  it  on 
that  occasion.  He  was  glad  to  be  chaplain  of  soldiers 
imbued  with  such  manly  sentiments."  On  the  forenoon  of 
the  same  day.  Captain  O' Neil's  company  attended  services 
in  a  body,  at  the  Catholic  Church. 

A  volume  might  be  well  filled  with  the  "  eloquence  of 
Worcester,"  as  it  was  expressed  in  the  pulpit,  on  the  plat- 
form, and  in  the  various  presentation  speeches  which  accom- 
panied gifts  of  esteem  and  admiration.  But  there  is  room 
merely  to  record  the  fact  that  they  were  delivered,  and  give 
here  and  there  an  extract.  Before  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment 
left,  a  valuable  horse  was  presented  to  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Sprague,  through  Colonel  Bullock,  who  made  one  of  those 
earnest  and  finished  speeches  which  are  a  bright  feature  of 
the  heroic  period  which  called  them  out.  Colonel  Sprague 
in  receiving  it,  spoke  with  the  vigor  with  which  he  fought 
when  in  the  deadly  shock  of  battle.  A  flag  was  presented  to 
the  regiment  by  the  ladies  of  Worcester.  VVilliam  S.  Davis, 
Esq.,  spoke  in  their  names,  and  with  words  of  sympathy  and 
patriotic  devotion,  commended  the  gift  to  their  keeping. 
He  closed  with  these  words  :  — 

"  You,  sir,  and  your  command,  will  do  your  duty,  and  we  feel  confident, 
with  success.     You  may  meet   with    reverses.     Of   those   who  go  ibrth 


100  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

with  you,  many  may  not  return.  This  banner,  so  bright  and  beautiful  to- 
day, may  be  rent  and  shattered  with  the  shock  of  batde,  and  its  stripes 
dyed  to  a  deeper  hue  in  friendly  blood,  but  we  feel  assured  in  our  inmost 
hearts,  that  some  time  or  other —  God  speed  the  day  —  it  will  come  back 
to  us,  still  the  symbol  of  our  whole  country,  bright  and  beautiful  in  the 
splendors  of  victory  ;  come  back  to  us,  gracing  the  jubilant,  triumphant 
return  of  our  nation's  preservers,  and  to  be  treasured  up  by  our  children 
and  our  children's  children,  as  the  sacred  standard  which  led  the  glorious 
Twenty-fifth  to  an  eternity  of  gratitude  and  of  fame." 

Major  McCafferty,  as  the  representative  of  the  regiment, 
received  the  gift  in  a  gallant  and  appropriate  speech. 

The  address  of  Rev,  James  O'Reilly,  in  presenting  Lieu- 
tenant Henry  McConville  "  with  an  elegant  sword,  belt, 
sash,  shoulder-knot,  cap,  bed  and  purse,"  was  specially 
noticeable  for  its  rush  of  fiery  eloquence.  The  gifts  to 
Captain  Wagcley  and  Lieutenant  Richter  have  been  already 
referred  to  on  a  preceding  page.  The  gift  to  Lieutenant 
Richter  was  presented  by  Hon.  W.  W.  Rice,  in  a  brief  and 
patriotic  address,  in  behalf  of  the  donors.  Mayor  Davis 
presented  the  articles  to  Captain  Wageley,  by  whom  they 
were  received  in  a  speech  so  characteristic  of  the  naturalized 
Teuton,  that  room  must  be  made  for  it. 

"  Mr.  Mayor  and  Fellow-Citizens  :  —  Having  attentively  listened 
to  your  eloquent  remarks,  I  hardly  know  what  to  say.  But  my  feelings 
prompt  me  to  express  the  most  heartfelt  thanks  for  these  various  tokens 
of  respect  and  friendly  relations  of  my  fellow-citizens  of  Worcester  towards 
me.  You  may  rest  assured  that  I  shall  endeavor  not  to  dishonor  this 
sword  which  you  have  so  magnanimously  presented  to  me,  and  if  you 
should  ever  feel  disap^Dointed  in  regard  to  any  of  my  future  actions,  I  hope 
there  will  be  at  least  one  who  will  reclaim  it,  in  order  that  it  may  be 
placed  in  the  hands  of  a  more  worthy  soldier.  I  feel  under  so  much  the 
greater  obligation  to  you,  Mr.  Mayor,  and  friends,  as  I  am  compara- 
tively a  stranger  in  tlje  city  of  Worcester.  -I  have  come  from  a  country 
where  freedom  is  but  a  phantom  ;  where  liberty  of  speech  is  only  known 
from  its  being  prohibited  ;  where  every  one  may  think  what  he  pleases  — 
if  he  only  keeps  it  to  himself.  I  have  lived  in  this  country  for  a  course 
of  years,  and  have  learned  to  love  its  free  institutions.  I  have  inhaled 
the  healthy  air  of  its  Declaration  of  Independence.  I  am  now  prepared  to 
assist  in  removing  the  clouds  which  have  darkened  your  prosperity,  and 
obscured  the  beams  of  truth  which  are  glittering  in  that  great  cosmopolitan 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  lOI 

instrument,  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Truth  and  right  we  love, 
much  more  if  we  have  had  opportunity  to  make  comparisons  or  contrasts. 
Germany,  my  old  home,  and  America,  my  adopted  home,  furnish  an  ex- 
tensive field  for  making  contrasts  and  observations.  While  I  remain  by 
birth  a  German,  I  am  by  sentiment  an  American,  and  as  such  I  feel  proud 
to  fight  under  the  stars  and  stripes,  and  contribute  my  mite  to  the  support 
of  the  flag  of  our  country,  in  order  that  it  may _/z///k  be  the  symbol  of 
equality,  freedom  and  fraternity,  to  all  nations  and  races  !  " 

A  fine  horse  and  various  articles  of  equipment  were 
presented  to  Adjutant  Harkness,  by  friends  connected  with 
the  fire  department.  The  presentation  was  accompanied 
with  an  appropriate  address  to  which  the  Adjutant  made  a 
suitable  reply. 

About  the  middle  of  the  month,  there  was  a  very  pleasant 
party  in  the  vestry  and  parlors  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Richard- 
son's church,  at  which  the  members  of  the  congregation 
connected  with  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  were  present  as 
guests.  The  rooms  were  filled.  The  ladies  had  prepared 
tastefully  an  ample  collation.  Remarks  were  made  by  Mr. 
Richardson,  Colonel  Sprague,  Captain  Denny,  and  the  Hon. 
John  D.  Baldwin. 

The  camp  was  visited  on  the  afternoon  of  the  thirtieth, 
by  Governor  Andrew,  accompanied  by  Colonels  Ritchie  and 
Wetherell  of  his  staff.  The  regiment  passed  under  review, 
after  which  the  governor  addressed  the  soldiers  in  his  usual 
soul-stirring  manner,  complimenting  them  for  the  excellence 
of  their  drilling.  He  said  he  had  seen  all  the  fine  regiments 
which  Massachusetts  had  sent  into  the  field,  but  the  Twenty- 
fifth  was  the  handsomest  one  he  had  set  his  eyes  on,  and  was 
composed  of  the  noblest-looking  body  of  men  he  had  ever 
seen  assembled  in  uniform.  He  spoke  of  the  immortal 
Fifteenth,  and  their  noble  commander,  Charles  Devens,  the 
fame  of  whose  gallant  actions  would  last  as  long  as  those 
hills  should  endure.  The  conclusion  of  the  speech  was 
followed  by  three  rousing  cheers  from  the  soldiers,  "given 
with  a  will." 

The  regiment  left  for  the  seat  of  war  on  the  last  day  of 
October,  followed  by  the  love  and  prayers  of  hosts  of  friends 


102 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


in  all  parts  of  the  county.     Recording  these  events,  the  Spy 
says  :  — 

"  This  regiment  in  which  our  good  city  of  Worcester  has  so  large  and 
so  precious  an  investment  of  its  sons,  brothers  and  husbands,  left  us  with 
colors  flying,  and 

*  Merry  as  a  marriage  bell ! ' 

It  is  of  the  same  good  stock  as  the  Fifteenth,  of  whose  achievements 
we  are  all  so  justly  proud.  It  was  too  plain  for  concealment,  and  is  no  re- 
flection upon  any  other  regiment,  that  the  heart  of  our  city  was  more 
deeply  touched  by  its  departure  than  by  that  of  any  previous  one.  Our 
whole  community  watched  its  gathering  and  its  organization  with  the 
deepest  interest,  and  it  was  present  in  unprecedented  numbers  to  cheer 
it  off.  But  we  do  not  forget  there  were  other  experiences  ;  that  there 
were  afflictive  separations,  and  groans  and  tears.  .  .  .  We  have  good 
reason  for  believing  that  there  is  not  a  man  in  the  Twenty-fifth  who  does 
not  know  how  warmly  his  regiment  is  cherished  here  ;  and  we  know  there 
is  not  a  class,  or  sect,  or  party,  or  nationality,  which  have  not  representa- 
tives in  it,  of  which  each  can  say,  *  By  them  we  will  be  judged.'  As  a  liv- 
ing power  in  defence  of  a  good  cause,  this  regiment  will  be  known  widely 
hereafter.  May  the  God  of  justice  belts  helper  !  for  with  Him  is  victory, 
and  out  of  victory  must  come  peace,  its  blessed  fruit." 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  commissioned  ofRcers  of  the 
regiment,  and  of  the  several  companies,  at  the  time  of  their 
departure  from  Camp  Lincoln. 


Field  and  Staff  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment. 


Colonel, 

Lieutenant-  Colonel, 

Major, 

Adjutant, 

Quarter-master, 

Siirgeon, 

Assistant  Surgeon, 

Chaplain, 

Sergeant-Major, 

Quarter-master  Sergeant, 

Commissary  Sergeatit, 

Hospital  Steward, 

Baud  Master, 

Principal  Musician, 


Edwin  Upton, 
Augustus  B.  R.  Sprague, 
Matthew  J.  McCafferty, 
Elijah  A.  Harkness, 
William  O.  Brown, 
J.  Marcus  Rice, 
Theron  Temple, 
Horace  James, 
Charles  H.  Davis, 
Edward  A.  Brown, 
Elbridge  G.  Watkins, 
Samuel  Flagg, 
William  E.  Gilmore, 
JuBAL  H.  Sampson, 


Fitchburg. 
Worcester. 


Fitchburg. 
Worcester. 
Belchertown. 
Worcester. 

11 
Fitchburg. 
Worcester. 

11 
Pawtucket. 
Worcester. 


organization  of  regiments.  io3 

Line  Officers. 

Co.  A,  Worcester.  Co.  F.  Fitchburg. 

Captain,  Josiah  Pickett,  Captain,  Charles  H.  Foss, 

Lieuts.,   Francis  E.  Goodwin,  Lieuts.,    Levi  Lawrence, 

Merritt  B.  Bessey.  J.  Henry  Richardson. 

Co.  B.  Milford.  Co.  G,  Worcester. 

Captain,  Willard  Clark,  Captain,  Louis  Wageley, 

Lieuts.,    William  Emery,  Lieuts.,    Henry  W.  Richter, 

William  F.  Draper.  Fred.  A.  Weigand. 

Co.  C,  Worcester.  Co.  H,  Worcester. 

Captain,  Cornelius  G.  Attwood,  Captain,  Orson  Moulton, 

Lieuts.,    James  Tucker,  Lieuts.,    David  M.  Woodward, 

Merrick  F.  Prouty.  Nathaniel  H.  Foster. 

Co.  D,  Worcester.  Co.  I,  Templeton. 

Captain,  Albert  H.  Foster,  Captain,  V.  P.  Parkhurst, 

Lieuts.,    George  S.  CxVmpbell,  Lieuts.,    James  Smith, 

George  H.  Spaulding.  Amos  Buffum. 

Co.  E,  Worcester.  Co.  K,  Worcester. 

Captain,  Thomas  O'Neil,  Captain,  J.  Waldo  Denny, 

Lieuts.,    William  Daley,  Lieuts.,  Samuel  Harrington, 

Henry  McConville.  James  M.  Drennan. 


The  third  regiment  from  Worcester  and  vicinity  had  now 
been  collected,  armed  and  equipped,  and  despatched  to  the 
field.  Before  entering  upon  their  heroic  experience,  it  will 
be  convenient  to  note  a  few  occurrences  while  they  were 
in  the  process  of  organization. 

The  Rev.  H.  L.  Wayland,  son  of  Dr.  Wayland,  of  Provi- 
dence, was  the  esteemed  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  Church. 
On  the  twenty-second  of  September  he  took  leave  of  his 
people,  in  an  appropriate  discourse,  previous  to  joining  the 
Seventh  Connecticut  Regiment  as  chaplain. 

A  Home  Guard  was  formed  at  Tatnick,  at  a  spirited 
public  meeting.  Lieutenant  H.  R.  Blair  was  chosen  drill- 
master. 

The  Rev.  Horace  James,  having  been  offered  the  position 
of  chaplain  in  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  addressed  a  letter 
to  the  assessors  of  the  Old  South  Parish,  offering  his  resigna- 
tion as  pastor.  At  a  large  meeting  of  the  members  held  on 
the  ninth  of  October,  remarks  were  made  by  several  gentle- 


104.  WORCESTER    IN   THE   WAR. 

men,  expressive  of  their  esteem  and  affection  for  Mr.  James. 
The  following  resolution  was  unanimously  passed  :  — 

'•'■Resolved^  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meeting,  that  it  is  the  duty  of 
our  pastor  to  accept  the  appointment  of  chaplain  of  the  Twenty-f.rst  Regi- 
ment of  Massachusetts  Volunteers." 

The  boys  partook  of  the  universal  spirit  of  loyalty  and 
military  fervor.  On  the  fourteenth  of  October,  the  McClel- 
lan  Guards,  commanded  by  Frederick  Knovvlton,  —  about 
fifty  lads  from  twelve  to  seventeen  years  of  age,  —  made  a 
very  creditable  military  appearance  as  they  paraded  the 
streets. 

The  annual  election  held  on  the  sixth  of  November,  re- 
sulted in  the  election  of  Hartley  Williams,  Esq.,  as  senator, 
and  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  Rev.  Samuel  Souther,  D.  A.  God- 
dard,  Joseph  D.  Daniels,  and  John  L.  Murphy  as  repre- 
sentatives. 

As  a  fitting  finale  to  this  already  long  chapter,  a  brief 
account  of  the  observances  of  the  Fast  recommended  by 
President  Lincoln,  and  observed  on  the  twenty-seventh 
of  September,  will  be  inserted  here.  It  was  while  the  "  busy 
note  of  preparation"  was  heard  on  all  sides  in  organizing 
companies  and  regiments,  and  its  influence  was  felt  in  the 
camp  as  well  as  at  the  fireside.  The  men  enlisted  under  a 
sacred  sense  of  duty. 

At  a  regular  meeting  of  the  City  Council,  on  the  twenty- 
third  of  September,  the  following  resolution,  offered  by 
Alderman  S.  R.  Hey  wood,  was  unanimously  adopted. 

'■'■Resolved,  That  the  City  Council,  highly  approving  the  Proclamation 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Governor  of  our  own 
Commonwealth,  setting  apart  Thursday,  September  26,  for  a  day  of  fast- 
ing, prayer  and  humiliation,  would  respectfully  recommend  to  our  citi- 
zens a  general  suspension  of  business  on  that  day." 

The  day  of  special  fast  was  observed  with  peculiar  solemnity 
in  this  city.  The  churches  were  open  for  public  worship, 
and  the  attendance  was  unusually  full.  The  discourses 
related  to  the  single  topic  which  was  first  in  all  minds,  —  the 


ORGANIZATION    OF    REGIMENTS.  IO5 

country  and  its  trials.  Places  of  business  and  traffic,  with 
very  rare  exceptions,  were  closed  during  the  whole  day, 
and  a  stillness  as  of  the  Sabbath  reigned  in  the  streets, 
excepting  the  marching  of  companies,  as  they  arrived,  to 
the  camp. 

Dr.  Hill  preached  to  a  large  audience,  at  the   Church   of 
the  Unity,  on  the  greatness   of  the   war,   and   the   need    of 
unselfish  patriotism.     Dr.  Sweetser  enforced  the  duty  of  look- 
ing to  God,  and  supplicating  his  aid,  while  exerting  all  our 
own   energies.      Our   national    history  taught  us   to   trust  in 
and   honor   God.     Rev.    Mr.    Cutler   presented    two    leading 
points.      I.    National    calamities    are    God's    judgments    for 
national  sins.     2.  God's  judgments  may  be  removed,  on  con- 
dition  of   humiliation,    supplication,   and    obedience    of    that 
portion  of  the  nation  which  constitutes  his  people.     He  spec- 
ified several  national  sins,  including  slavery  as  most  flagrant 
Rev.  Mr.  James,  at  the  Old  South,  preached  upon  the  obliga- 
tions  of  the  Christian  patriot.     He  pictured  the   rebels    as 
engaged  to  overthrow  our  government,    and    then   appealed 
to  Christian  freemen,  philanthropists  and  patriots,  to  go  forth 
in  the  joy  of  faith,  and  the  might  of  power,  and  do  their  duty. 
Rev.  Mr.  Richardson    spoke   an    hour   and   a  quarter,    to   a 
large  assembly  in  Salem-Street  Church,  on  the  words,  "  Let 
us  search  and  try  our  ways,   and  turn  again  to  the   Lord." 
The  sins  of  the  Jews  often  brought  on  them  the  judgments  of 
God  ;  then  came  the  cry  :  "  What  shall  we  do  ?  "  The  prophet 
answered,  "  Repent,  examine  your  wicked  ways,  try  them  by 
the  right  ways  of  the  Lord,  and  then  square  them  by   his 
laws  of  right,  and    he   will   again    turn    unto   you.     Stop  the 
cazise  oi  the  judgment,  and  God  will  remove  the  evil."     Then 
chastened,    humbled,    penitent,    rulers,    priests,    people,  they 
broke   off  their   iniquities    by   righteousness,    the  judgment 
ceased,  God  smiled  upon  them.     The  fields  were  golden  with 
harvest.     Peace  was  within  their  borders.     So  must  it  ever 
be.     After  specifying   national   sins,   and   especially   slavery 
as  ///^  sin,  he  exclaimed,  "  What  an  insult  to  heaven  to  fast 
and  yet  cling  to  the  very  cause  which  has  called  down   the 


I06  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

curse  !  "  The  question  was,  which  should  die,  slavery  or  free- 
dom. "  May  God  send  us  a  leader,"  he  continued,  — "  the 
right  man  —  for  the  crisis!  One  who  sees  the  enemy,  and 
dare  smite  him,  as  Cromwell  did  the  king.  That  is  the  true 
way  of  trusting  providence.  Do  with  our  might !  Every 
man  at  his  post !  That  is  the  way  Cromwell  showed  his  faith 
and  won  his  victories.  If  this  Fast  is  not  made  a  new  con- 
secration day  to  this  great  work,  it  will  be  so  much  mock- 
ery." Rev.  Mr.  Dadmun  conducted  the  service  at  the  Meth- 
odist Church,  and  preached  from  Eccl.  8:  ii,  illustrating  the 
fact  that  the  delay  of  divine  judgments  was  abused  by  nations 
to  go  on  in  wickedness.  He  showed  how  this  nation  had 
abused  the  divine  clemency  in  extending  the  area  of  slavery, 
and  drew  the  obvious  conclusion  that  slavery  must  be  done 
away.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Baptist  Churches,  Rev.  Mr.  Moss 
referred  to  the  revolt  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin  as  recorded  in 
Judges  20  :  26,  27,  and  drew  from  the  history  of  that  event, 
lessons  of  prudence  and  encouragement.  The  Jewish  nation 
were  defeated  again,  and  again,  and  again,  by  a  single  tribe, 
until  they  humbled  themselves  before  God,  and  then  came 
victory.  So  will  it  be  with  us.  At  the  Universalist  Church, 
Rev.  Mr.  Burrington  enforced  the  thought  that  liberty  is  a 
benefaction  which  does  not  descend  upon  a  people,  but  a 
blessing  to  which  a  people  must  aspire,  and  which  they  must 
labor  to  possess,  and  which  they  must  be  ready  to  contend  for 
in  the  field,  if  they  would  enjoy  and  keep  it. 


THE   FIFTEENTH   AT   BALLS  BLUFF.  10/ 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE   FIFTEENTH   AT   BALL'S   BLUFF. 

The  Fifteenth  Regiment,  which  left  for  Worcester  on  the 
evening  of  the  eighth  of  August,  reached  New  York  the  next 
day  at  eleven  o'clock,  a.  m.,  and  arrived  in  Washington  on 
the  tenth.  While  in  Baltimore,  Saturday  night,  a  rebel  fired 
on  them,  and  they  were  ordered  to  load.  After  that  there 
was  no  disturbance.  Nothing  occurred  of  special  interest 
while  on  the  route  to  the  national  capital,  but  the  ninth  and 
tenth  were  days  of  intense  heat  and  sultriness,  and  many 
of  the  men  were  prostrated  in  consequence.  On  their  arrival, 
the  regiment  was  quartered  in  suitable  buildings  erected  by 
the  government.  The  next  morning,  Monday  the  eleventh 
of  August,  the  regiment  marched  in  a  drenching  rain,  to 
their  camping  ground  at  "  Meridian  Hill,"  near  the  beautiful 
residence  "  Kalorama,"  where  they  were  quartered  under 
the  command  of  General  Rufus  King. 

The  regiment  received  orders  for  marching  on  the  twenty- 
fifth  of  August,  and  in  the  course  of  two  days  pitched  their 
tents  upon  an  elevated  plain,  near  !Poolsville,  Md.,  thirty- 
five  miles  from  Washington.  The  site  commanded  a  fine 
view  of  Leesburg,  across  the  Potomac,  and  of  the  mountain 
ranges  in  Virginia.  The  camp  was  seven  miles  from  Con- 
rad's Ferry,  and  five  miles  from  Edward's  Ferry,  on  the 
above  named  river.  The  encampment  was  named  "  Camp 
Foster,"  in  honor  of  Hon.  Dvvight  Foster,  then  Attorney- 
General  of  Massachusetts.  The  regiment  now  came  under 
the  authority  of  General  Charles  P.  Stone,  commanding 
Corps  of  Observation.  The  Potomac  River  being  the  divi- 
ding line  between  the  union  and  rebel  armies,  "a  large  force," 


I08  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

says  Lieutenant-Colonel  Kimball,  in  his  official  report,  "  was 
required  for  picket  duty,  in  order  to  protect  the  line  extend- 
ing from  Seneca  Falls  to  Point  of  Rocks.  Guarding  that  part 
of  this  line  between  Conrad's  Ferry  and  the  lower  end  of 
Harison's  Island,  a  distance  of  three  miles,  became  the  duty 
of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment.  Five  companies  were  sent  to  the 
river  on  this  duty,  and  were  relieved  at  the  expiration  of  four- 
teen days  by  the  balance  of  the  regiment.  Nothing  of  import- 
ance occurred  to  break  the  monotony  of  the  established  camp 
and  picket  duties,  until  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  pending 
which  time  the  soldiers  rapidly  improved  in  drill  and  disci- 
pline." During  this  time  frequent  exchanges  of  shots  were 
made  between  the  rebels  and  the  members  of  the  regiment, 
on  picket  duty,  but  without  serious  injury.  At  length,  by 
mutual  consent,  this  kind  of  annoyance  ceased,  and  the  sol- 
diers of  the  opposing  forces,  talked  with  each  other  across  the 
river,  and  exchanged  papers  and  various  articles,  such  as 
tobacco,  pocket  knives  and  military  buttons. 

At  this  time  the  regiment  was  visited  by  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Paine,  of  this  city,  who  gives  some  interesting  statements 
of  things  in  the  camp,  in  a  letter  to  one  of  the  city  papers. 
After  speaking  of  the  efficiency  of  Dr.  Bates,  surgeon,  and 
his  assistant.  Dr.  Haven,  of  the  cleanliness  of  the  camp,  and 
the  healthy  condition  of  the  soldiers,  he  continues  :  — 

"  The  improvement  in  the  drill  and  discipline  of  this  regiment  is  very- 
marked  and  decided,  particularly  to  one  who  saw  them  while  in  camp  at 
Worcester.  The  battalion  drills  conducted  by  Colonel  Devens,  show 
great  proficiency,  as  does  also  the  exercise  in  the  manual  of  arms,  at  dress 
parade,  and  the  high  encomiums  bestowed  upon  the  colonel  and  his  regi- 
ment by  officers  of  experience,  are  well  deserved.  .  .  .  The  regimental 
band,  under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  Goddard,  has  made  great  progress, 
and  ranks  among  the  highest  in  this  division  of  our  army.  Services  are 
held  every  Sunday  under  direction  of  Mr.  Scandlin,  the  very  popular  chap- 
lain of  the  regiment  —  his  pulpit  on  these  occasions  consisting  of  a  small 
platform  with  a  drum  fastened  to  a  stack  of  muskets,  for  a  reading  desk  ; 
on  his  right,  the  beautiful  flag  presented  to  the  regiment  by  the  ladies  of 
Worcester,  and  on  his  left  the  banner  of  the  state.  A  choir  taken  from 
among  the  members  of  the  regiment,  has  been  started,  and  take  part  in 
the  exercises.     Prayer  meetings   are   held   on   Sunday  and  Wednesday 


THE    FIFTEENTH    AT    BALLS    BLUFF.  lOQ 

evenings,  and  are  well  attended.  Mr.  Scandlin  is  evidently  the  right  man 
in  the  right  place,  and  he  deserves  and  receives  the  confidence  of  the 
men.  Quarter-master  Howe's  department  appears  to  be  in  fine  con- 
dition, and  is  highly  commended  by  officers  of  his  own  and  other  regi- 
ments." 

A  letter  dated  October  7,  written  by  the  senior  editor  of 
the  Spy,  after  stating  the  great  need  of  improved  arms,  — 
rifles  instead  of  smooth-bores  —  speaks  as  follows  in  regard 
to  the  condition  of  the  regiment,  and  the  great  efficiency  of 
the  officers. 

"  Colonel  Devens's  regiment  has  an  extended  reputation  among  the 
camps  for  neatness,  discipline,  harmony,  and  good  behavior,  and  I  am 
satisfied  that  this  reputation  is  well  deserved.  Although  the  camp,  when 
we  arrived,  was  astir  with  the  usual  movement  of  pay-day,  yet  it  was  the 
neatest  and  most  orderly  regimental  camp  we  have  seen.  I  can  no\y  add 
that  the  signs  of  harmony  and  good  discipline  are  abundant  and  unmistak- 
able. Colonel  Devens  deserves  the  warmest  praise  of  every  friend  of  the 
regiment  at  home,  for  his  earnest  and  untiring  care  of  the  men.  Nothing 
that  touches  their  welfare,  not  even  the  smallest  matter,  escapes  his  at- 
tention. Since  the  pay-master  came,  he  has  interested  himself  to  have 
the  men  send  home  as  much  of  their  money  as  they  can  spare,  and  that,  he 
thinks,  is  most  of  it ;  and  he  has  devised  a  scheme,  all  the  trouble  and  ex- 
pense of  which  he  takes  upon  himself,  by  which  the  money  to  be  sent  home, 
may  be  exchanged  for  checks  drawn  by  himself  on  one  of  the  Worces- 
ter banks,  to  be  paid  there  if  presented  six  or  eight  days  hence.  Already 
a  great  deal  of  money  has  been  exchanged  for  these  checks,  some  of  the 
Irish  boys  belonging  to  the  Blackstone  company  being  among  the  foremost 
to  take  them.  And  in  all  measures  for  the  welfare  of  the  men.  Colonel 
Devens  is  earnestly  supported  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ward,  and  Major 
Kimball.  The  harmony  and  mutual  helpfulness  manifest  at  head-quarters 
are  very  admirable." 

The  time  had  come  for  sterner  duty,  and  greater  peril. 
The  battle  at  Ball's  Bluff  occurred  on  Sunday,  the  twenty- 
first  of  October.  No  attempt  will  be  made  here  to  explain 
the  origin  or  design  of  the  movements  which  led  to  that 
disastrous  affair.  A  plain  narrative  of  the  event  is  all  that 
falls  within  the  scope  of  this  work. 

On  Sunday  night,  the  twentieth.  Colonel  Devens,  who  had 
for  some  time  guarded  Harison's   Island,  with  one  company, 


no  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

ordered  Captain  Philbrick  of  Co.  H,  and  Quarter-master 
Howe,  with  a  detachment  of  twenty  men,  to  scout  the  Vir- 
ginia shore  in  the  direction  of  Leesburg.  Harison's  Island 
was  near  the  middle  of  the  river  Potomac.  There  was  a 
ferry  above  and  another  below  the  island.  The  passage  to 
the  island  from  the  Maryland  side,  and  to  Virginia  from  the 
island,  was  made  by  boats,  only  two  or  three  of  which  seem 
to  have  been  at  hand.  Leaving  the  island,  Captain  Philbrick 
and  his  detachment  passed  to  the  south  or  Virginia  side  of 
the  Potomac,  and  found  themselves  at  the  foot  of  a  high  bluff. 
Ascending  this,  they  moved  in  the  direction  of  Leesburg, 
vv^hich  was  about  four  miles  from  the  landing.  After  going 
to  within  less  than  a  mile  of  that  place,  and  finding  what  they 
took  to  be  a  small  camp,  they  returned  about  ten  in  the  even- 
ing, and  reported  to  Colonel  Devens.  The  colonel  reported 
to  General  Stone,  and  according  to  orders  from  him,  then 
crossed  the  river  in  a  scow  and  two  small  boats,  with  about 
three  hundred  men,  consisting  of  Cos.  A,  C,  G,  H  and  I,  and 
having  posted  them  as  a  concealed  reserve,  in  case  of  an 
attack  on  the  advance,  pushed  forward,  with  a  small  detach- 
ment, into  the  locality  where  Captain  Philbrick  thought  a 
camp  of  the  enemy  would  be  found.  In  the  meantime.  Colo- 
nel Lee,  of  the  Twentieth,  had  sent  over  a  part  of  his  com- 
mand. The  coming  on  of  daylight  revealed  the  mistake,  no 
camp  being  in  sight.  About  sunrise,  or  six  and  a  half  o'clock, 
as  Colonel  Devens,  in  company  with  Captain  Philbrick  and 
those  under  his  immediate  command,  were  exploring,  he  en- 
countered, about  five  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  his 
reserves,  the  enemy's  pickets,  drove  them  from  this  position, 
and  followed  them  briskly  towards  Leesburg.  The  rebels 
hastened  to  a  line  of  rifle  pits,  but  Colonel  Devens's  men 
drove  them  out,  and  for  a  few  moments  held  possession  ;  but 
on  the  approach  of  the  enemy's  reserves,  he  ordered  his  men 
to  fall  back  to  the  edge  of  the  wood.  About  eleven  o'clock 
A.M.,  the  enemy  advanced  again.  The  IMississippi  Rifles, 
Colonel  Barksdale,  came  on,  firing  at  long  range  from  the 
woods  —  some  of  them  from  trees,  others  from  stacks  of  corn 


THE    FIFTEENTH    AT    BALL  S    BLUFF,  1 1 1 

in  the  fields,  —  firing  witli  very  accurate  aim.  They  had  thus 
a  double  advantage ;  first,  in  their  position,  and  second,  in 
their  arms.  Our  men  lamented  more  than  ever  their  inability 
to  obtain  rifles.  Colonel  Devens,  seeing  a  body  of  cavalry 
about  three  hundred  strong  approaching  on  his  right  flank, 
ordered  his  men  to  fall  back  on  his  reserves  to  avoid  being 
outflanked,  which  movement  was  made  in  admirable  order. 
The  rebels  for  some  cause,  made  no  further  attack  till  three 
o'clock.  It  is  probable  that  the  spirited  conduct  of  our  troops 
made  them  cautious,  and  that  they  were  waiting  for  reinforce- 
ments. In  the  meantime  Colonel  Devens  had  been  rein- 
forced by  about  three  hundred  men  under  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Ward.  Colonel  Lee  of  the  Twentieth  Regiment,  also  sent 
over  one  company  early  in  the  day,  to  guard  the  shore,  and 
cover  the  return  of  Colonel  Devens.  So  far,  in  these  two 
skirmishes,  several  of  our  men  had  fallen,  either  killed  or 
wounded,  and  it  was  believed  that  the  enemy  had  suffered 
more  severely. 

The  troops  now  took  lunch,  as  they  had  opportunity,  each 
man  helping  himself  to  what  his  haversack  afforded.  In  the 
meantime,  other  forces  were  sent  across  ;  some  three  hundred 
of  Colonel  Lee's  regiment,  a  battalion  of  Colonel  Baker's 
California  Regiment,  seven  hundred  men,  and  Colonel  Cogs- 
well with  two  hundred  men  of  the  Tammany  Regiment.  Gen- 
eral Baker  now  took  command,  and  after  complimenting  Colo- 
nel Devens  highly  for  his  successful  resistance  to  a  superior 
force,  posted  his  regiment,  now  less  than  two  hundred  men, 
on  the  right  of  the  line  of  battle.  Two  howitzers  under  com- 
mand of  Lieutenant  Pierce  of  the  regular  army,  and  the  gun 
of  the  Rhode  Island  battery,  under  command  of  Lieutenant 
Bramhall,  were  near  the  center  of  our  lines. 

At  half  past  three  the  rebels  were  seen  advancing  in  strong 
force,  apparently  about  four  thousand  strong.  The  plan  of 
the  battle  is  represented  on  the  opposite  page. 

The  rebels  were  drawn  up  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  shel- 
tered in  the  woods,  and  they  advanced  their  skirmishers  from 
tree  to  tree,  and  from  stack  to  stack,  in  comparative  safety. 


112  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

They  occupied  high  ground,  and  had  the  advantage  in  every 
respect.  The  contest  was  bravely  maintained  from  two  to 
three  hours,  when  the  loss  of  many  men,  and  the  greatly 
superior  force  of  the  enemy,  compelled  a  retreat.  The  succes- 
sive stages  of  this  battle  may  be  given  in  the  following  order. 
A  portion  of  the  Fifteenth  was  deployed  as  skirmishers,  to 
meet  the  rebels  advancing  on  their  right,  from  the  north,  while 
the  remainder  was  put  in  position  with  a  portion  of  the  Twen- 
tieth, to  meet  the  enemy  in  front.  Our  soldiers  perceived  the 
fearful  odds  against  them,  as  the  rebels,  already  more  numer- 
ous, were  receiving  reinforcements.  Behind  them  was  the 
river,  into  which  they  must  plunge  if  driven  from  the  field. 
But  they  stood  up  to  their  work  manfully.  Lieutenant  Pierce, 
of  the  howitzers,  and  Lieutenant  Bramhall,  with  the  Rhode- 
Island  gun,  opened  upon  the  advancing  foe  with  such  a 
v/ell-directed  fire,  that  they  were  held  in  check.  For  an  hour 
firing  was  kept  up  pretty  briskly  at  long  musket  range. 
The  rebels  picked  their  men  —  especially  officers  —  firing 
from  behind  trees.  Faster  and  surer  came  the  shots  till 
many  of  the  officers  had  fallen.  The  fire  was  returned  with 
great  spirit.  "  Sometimes,"  writes  Carleton,  "  there  was  a  lull 
in  the  roll,  then  a  pattering  like  rain-drops  in  a  gentle  shower, 
then  a  roll  and  roar.  The  Fifteenth,  being  much  exposed, 
suffered  terribly,  but  there  was  no  flinching.  The  men,  when 
one  of  their  number  fell,  closed  up  the  broken  ranks  with  all 
the  steadiness  of  veterans."  The  rebels,  constantly  rein- 
forced till  their  ranks  numbered  four  thousand,  pressed 
nearer,  and  poured  in  a  deadly  fire.  Three  several  times  the 
left  of  our  line  made  an  advance,  but  were  in  each  case,  com- 
pelled to  retire.  The  battle  raged  terrifically  for  nearly  two 
hours.  The  right  held  its  position  with  firmness,  until  Gen- 
eral Baker  ordered  two  companies  of  the  Fifteenth  to  move  to 
the  center,  which  was  quickly  done.  This  produced  the  im- 
pression that  the  battle  was  going  adversely,  but  there  was 
no  confusion.  The  whole  line  was  cool  and  firm.  General 
Baker  rode  along  the  ranks  at  this  juncture,  and  addressed  his 
brigade.    They  had  retired  partly  behind  a  low  ridge  to  escape 


THE  FIFTEENTH  AT  BALLS  BLUFF.  II3 

the  murderous  fire.  He  urged  them  to  make  a  bold  stand, 
and  was  heard  to  say :  "  If  I  had  two  more  such  regiments 
as  the  Massachusetts  Fifteenth,  I  would  cut  my  way  to  Lees- 
burg."  While  in  the  act  of  pushing  a  cannon  forward,  with 
his  shoulder  to  the  wheel,  he  was  struck  with  several  balls, 
either  of  which  would  have  been  fatal.  The  death  of  Gen- 
eral Baker  devolved  the  command  upon  Colonel  Cogswell  of 
the  Tammany  Regiment.  It  was  now  past  five  o'clock.  The 
enemy  were  three  to  one.  No  reinforcements  came  to  sus- 
tain our  troops.  Frightful  gaps  had  been  made  in  their 
ranks.  What  was  to  be  done }  Colonel  Devens  suggested 
that  they  should  cut  their  way  to  Edward's  Ferry,  and  the 
Fifteenth  was  swung  round  by  the  left  flank,  in  front  of  the 
others,  and  in  the  presence  of  an  overpowering  force  of  the 
rebels.  The  movement  was  made  as  steadily  as  if  on 
parade.  But  the  enemy  pressed  still  harder,  and  it  was  found 
impracticable  to  carry  out  the  attempt.  Colonel  Cogswell  saw 
that  the  day  was  lost,  and  ordered  a  retreat.  Colonel  Devens 
said  :  "  Sir,  I  do  not  wish  to  retreat.  Do  you  issue  it  as  an 
order  ?  "  "  Yes,  sir,"  was  the  reply.  "  I  would  like  to  have 
you  repeat  it  in  the  presence  of  my  major,  then."  [Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Ward  had  been  carried  from  the  field,  severely 
wounded.]  "I  order  you  to  retreat,"  was  the  response.  The 
column  fell  back,  nearly  all  of  it  in  good  order,  though  some 
companies  broke  and  ran  down  the  bank.  But  the  Fifteenth 
maintained  the  same  firmness  that  had  characterized  it 
through  the  day.  The  men,  in  common  with  their  officers, 
kept  the  ranks  till  the  colonel  told  them  to  save  themselves 
as  best  they  could.  He  expressed  his  own  determination 
not  to  surrender,  but  to  pass  the  river.  He  has  always  held 
that  in  a  military  point  of  view,  he  should  have  surrendered, 
but  that  he  could  not  bring  himself  and  men  to  the  humiliation 
of  being  taken  prisoners  by  rebels.  The  brave  Colonel  Lee,  in 
the  meantime,  and  a  portion  of  the  Twentieth,  had  been 
compelled  to  yield,  and  were  taken  prisoners.  A  portion  of 
the  Fifteenth  deployed  along  the  shore,  to  hold  the  enemy  in 
check,  while  their  comrades  were  escaping.     The  only  means 


114  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

of  transport  were  the  boats  already  mentioned.  A  few 
squads  of  soldiers  ran  down  the  banks,  and  filled  the  scow, 
which  was  soon  overcrowded.  After  it  had  pushed  off,  others 
ran  into  the  water  and  held  on  to  the  sides.  When  about 
half  way  over  to  the  island,  the  boat  went  under,  and  the  men 
were  thrown  into  the  river,  which  was  cold  and  rapid.  Many 
were  swept  away,  though  some  by  swimming  and  wading 
reached  the  island.  The  rebels,  all  this  time,  were  taking 
deadly  aim  at  our  men,  from  the  bluff.  Colonel  Devens, 
accompanied  by  Major  Kimball,  threw  his  sword  into  the 
river,  took  off  his  outer  garments,  and  plunged  in  ;  the  officers 
and  soldiers  on  the  bank,  who  had  not  been  shot  or  made 
prisoners,  followed  his  example.  While  on  the  passage,  the 
colonel  and  a  few  of  his  companions  seized  on  a  floating  log, 
and  thus  were  buoyed  up,  till  they  reached  the  shallow  water 
where  they  could  gain  a  foothold.  The  colonel  bore  grateful 
testimony  to  the  assistance  of  some  of  his  men. 

The  battle  was  fought  and  lost.  History  will  settle  with 
those  in  high  command  who  brought  it  on,  failed  to  reinforce 
the  few  who  bore  the  brunt  of  the  fight,  and  provided  no 
means  for  their  safe  withdrawal,  while  it  will  confer  lasting 
renown  upon  the  officers  and  men  who  fought  with  such  vete- 
ran courage,  and  retired  with  such  uncomplaining  fortitude. 
Several  incidents  of  the  battle  here  find  a  fitting  place.  Colo- 
nel Ward  was  wounded  in  the  leg,  taken  to  the  island,  and  in 
the  course  of  the  night,  had  his  leg  amputated  below  the  knee. 
He  bore  up  under  it  bravely,  but  it  "  was  a  sad  sight,"  says  an 
eye-witness,  "  to  see  a  brave  officer  in  that  position."  Lieu- 
tenant Church  Howe,  quarter-master,  had  several  bullet-marks 
on  his  cap,  belt  and  scabbard.  Lieutenant  Greene,  of  North 
Brookfield,  who  commanded  company  F,  during  most  of 
the  action,  (his  captain  having  been  wounded,)  did  not 
retreat  with  the  regiment,  but  under  orders  from  an  aid  of 
Colonel  Baker,  with  a  squad  of  his  own  company,  and  a  few 
men  from  the  Tammany  and  California  Regiments,  stood  his 
ground  on  the  edge  of  the  Bluff,  and  three  several  times  drove 
back  the  advancing  rebels,  thus  covering  the  retreat  of  the 


THE  FIFTEENTH  AT  BALLS  BLUFF.  Il5 

balance  of  the  regiment.  At  this  moment  a  negro  first  acted 
the  part  of  a  soldier  in  the  war.  Lewis,  a  servant  of  Colonel 
Cogswell,  in  the  confusion,  supplied  himself  with  arms,  and 
loaded  and  fired  with  great  spirit,  until  captured  with  Lieu- 
tenant Greene.  He  was  taken  to  Richmond,  and  treated  as  a 
prisoner  of  war.  Colonel  Devens  was  uninjured,  though  a 
bullet  was  flattened  on  one  of  his  buttons.  Major  Kimball 
escaped  injury,  though  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight.  The 
chaplain  and  the  surgeons  were  indefatigable  in  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices,  caring  for  the  wounded  and  soothing 
the  dying.  Mr.  Scandlin  undertook  to  superintend  the  re- 
moval of  the  wounded  to  the  island,  where  the  hospitals  were 
established.  When  the  retreat  was  ordered,  some  of  the  sol- 
diers, supposing  their  enemies  would  follow  to  the  island, 
rushed  to  the  boats,  but  the  chaplain  manfully  stood  guard, 
and  by  physical  force  saved  the  wounded.  He  was  unremit- 
ting in  his  attentions,  and  performed  his  duties  under  a 
shower  of  bullets.  Surgeons  Bates  and  Haven  were  over- 
whelmed with  work,  as  the  wounded  were  brought  in,  but  they 
labored  unceasingly  for  the  relief  of  the  brave  boys.* 

Captain  Watson  of  company  E,  was  left  on  the  bank  of  the 
river.  He  could  not  swim.  With  eight  men,  he  found  his 
way  to  Edward's  Ferry  in  the  night. 

Though  compelled  to  retreat,  the  regiment  came  off"  with 
the  highest  honors.  Colonel  Devens  spoke  of  his  troops  in 
the  warmest  terms  of  praise.  He  said  that  "  every  man 
did  his  duty  ;  there  was  no  flinching,  no  disobedience,  no  cow- 
ardice, and  they  fought  to  the  very  last  with  great  cheerful- 
ness," even  after  it  was  apparent  that  the  day  had  gone 
against  them.     Unanimous  testimony  unites  in  proving  that 


*  A  few  weeks  after  the  battle,  an  invalid  lady  sent  a  pair  of  stockings,  her  own  handiwork,  to 
Mr.  C.  C.  Coffin,  with  the  request  that  they  should  be  given  to  the  "bravest  man  in  the  battle  of 
Bali's  Bluff."  They  were  sent  to  Colonel  Devens,  and  the  following  is  his  note  telling  how  the 
stockings  were  disposed  of  "  Dear  Sir  :  —  I  received  the  '  pair  of  stockings  sent  by  a  Massachu- 
setts lady.'  I  can  hardly  decide  who  was  the  bravest  man  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  but  I  bestowed 
them  on  Captain  Pliilbrick,  Co.  H,  who  commanded  the  advance  guard  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment, 
and  told  him  to  wear  them  until  I  found  a  braver  man  in  the  fight.  I  think  they  will  be  worn  out 
before  I  do.  Yours  truly, 

Charles  Devens." 


Il6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  officers  behaved  with  great  gallantry.  The  men  were  well 
satisfied  with  the  conduct  of  their  officers.  A  private  letter 
from  the  colonel,  written  at  the  time,  says  :  "  The  regiment 
behaved  nobly ;  the  officers  without  an  exception,  stood  up 
resolutely  from  the  first  hour  of  the  day  to  the  last,  and  the 
men  seemed  determined  and  unflinching  to  the  last."  One  of 
the  privates,  who  had  several  bullet  holes  through  his  clothes, 
and  a  bayonet  scratch  on  his  cheek,  wrote  that  the  thought 
of  surrender  was  not  entertained  for  a  moment. 

The  praise  of  the  colonel  was  in  every  mouth.  A  private 
letter  remarks  :  "  We  cannot  say  too  much  in  praise  of  the  cool 
courage  and  considerate  movements  of  Colonel  Devens.  He 
is  in  my  opinion,  unsurpassed  for  cool  bravery,  being  in  the 
thickest  of  the  fight,  with  his  men,  encouraging  them  with 
hopes  of  success  as  long  as  a  shadow  of  hope  lasted."  In  this 
connection  may  be  given  an  extract  from  a  Washington  dis- 
patch dated  October  23,  respecting  the  Fifteenth  Regiment. 
"  General  McClellan  telegraphs  the  highest  praise  of  the  ac- 
tion of  our  troops  in  the  late  battle.  He  says  they  fought 
bravely,  retired  in  order,  and  after  the  fight,  maintained  the 
best  spirits  and  most  strict  discipline.  He  expresses  the 
belief  that  he  can,  hereafter,  place  implicit  reliance  on  the 
men,  and  his  conviction  that  they  will  not  flinch  at  the  hardest 
work.  His  praise  is  so  warm  and  cordial  that  it  is  more  than 
enthusiastic."  At  another  time  he  said :  "  that  nothing  had 
occurred  in  the  war  yet  equal  to  the  heroic  conduct  of  the 
Fifteenth  Massachusetts,"  and  he  seemed  to  draw  great  en- 
couragement from  the  daring  and  fortitude  of  them  and  their 
comrades,  though  defeated.  He  saw  in  their  soldierly  bear- 
ing the  prophecy  of  future  victory. 

Not  long  after,  General  McClellan,  seeing  Colonel  Devens 
at  President  Lincoln's,  took  his  hand  in  both  of  his  own 
and  said  :  "  Colonel  Devens,  in  my  next  battle  I  want  you 
to  be  with  me."  The  compliment,  in  fulness  of  meaning  and 
grace  of  manner,  was  never  surpasssed. 

The  following  letter  from  Washington,  bearing  date  Oc- 
tober 29,  must  not  be  omitted. 


THE    FIFTEENTH    AT    BALLS    BLUFF.  11/ 

"  On  Thursday  evening,  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  Regiment  held  its 
first  parade  since  the  battle.  The  scene  was  impressive  and  touching. 
Less  than  half  the  numerical  force  of  the  regiment  before  the  battle  was 
present.  Some  companies  marched  into  line  with  less  than  twenty  men, 
many  of  them  without  arms,  many  without  uniforms,  but  none  without  brave 
and  manly  hearts.  After  the  parade,  the  regiment  was  formed  in  square,  and 
their  noble  and  gallant  Colonel  Devens  made  them  an  address,  to  which 
even  a  faithful  verbal  report  would  do  injustice,  for  no  description  could 
reproduce  tlie  tender,  subdued  fervor  with  which  the  colonel  first  spoke, 
the  electric  sympathy  by  which  his  men  were  affected,  or  the  earnest  deter- 
mination with  which  the  question  was  asked  and  answered :  '  Soldiers  of 
Massachusetts,  men  of  Worcester  county,  with  these  fearful  gaps  in  your 
lines,  with  the  recollection  of  the  fearful  struggle  of  Monday  fresh  upon  your 
thoughts,  with  the  knowledge  of  the  bereaved  and  soul-stricken  ones  at 
home,  weeping  for  those  whom  they  will  see  no  more  on  earth,  with  that 
hospital  before  your  eyes  filled  with  wounded  and  maimed  comrades,  I 
ask  you  now  whether  you  are  ready  again  to  meet  the  traitorous  foe  who 
are  endeavoring  to  subvert  our  government,  and  are  crushing  under  the 
iron  heel  of  despotism  the  hberties  of  a  part  of  our  country  ?  Would  you 
go  next  week  ?  Would  you  go  to-morrow  ?  Would  you  go  this  moment  ? ' 
And  one  hearty  '  yes  '  burst  from  every  Hp.  No  man  who  knows  what 
that  noble  regiment  did  on  the  twenty-first,  could  doubt  them.  The  colo- 
nel had  himself  stood  their  sponsor  in  the  baptism  of  fire,  and  the  ques- 
tion was  a  needless  one  ;  but  as  '  iron  sharpeneth  iron,  so  doth  a  man  the 
face  of  his  friend.'  " 

A  volume  might  be  filled  with  incidents  of  the  battle  of 
Ball's  Bluff,  since  each  officer  and  man  had  a  part  to  act, 
and  an  experience  to  relate.  The  story  will  be  told  to  chil- 
dren and  grandchildren  around  many  a  fireside,  in  coming 
years.  The  limits  of  this  work  preclude  further  particulars 
in  this  place.  In  a  future  chapter,  the  virtues  and  heroism 
of  those  who  fought  and  fell,  on  the  field  and  in  the  river,  will 
be  recounted.  The  gallant  young  Lieutenant  Grout  and  his 
brave  compeers  shall  not  be  forgotten. 

The  losses  of  the  regiment  in  killed,  wounded,  drowned 
and  prisoners,  was  very  great,  hardly  surpassed  in  any  case 
during  the  war.  Of  the  six  hundred  and  twenty-one  men  who 
went  into  the  battle,  but  three  hundred  and  eleven  were 
left  fit  for  duty.  The  killed,  wounded  and  missing  were 
three  hundred  and  ten.     A  large  proportion  of  officers  fell,  the 


Il8  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

rebels  appearing  to  have  aimed  specially  at  them.  The 
names  of  those  who  fell,  so  far  as  they  belong  to  Worcester, 
will  be  found  on  another  page.  The  names  of  the  com- 
missioned officers  who  were  killed,  wounded  or  missing, 
were  as  follows.  The  killed  were  Captain  Getchell,  Co.  K ; 
Second  Lieutenant  Grout,  Co.  E.  The  wounded  were  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Ward  ;  Captain  Sloan,  Co.  F,  slightly  ;  Cap- 
tain Forehand,  Co.  G  ;  Captain  Philbrick,  Co.  H,  slightly  ; 
First  Lieutenant  Holden,  Co.  G.  Prisoners,  Captains  Rock- 
wood,  Simonds,  Bowman,  Studley  ;  First  Lieutenant  Greene, 
and  Second  Lieutenants  Vassall  and  Hooper. 

There  was,  as  a  matter  of  course,  great  suffering  in  the 
regiment.  Not  only  were  the  wounded  in  want  of  many 
things  which  the  kindness  of  friends  alone  could  supply  ;  but 
those  soldiers  who  escaped  unscathed  in  battle,  needed  cloth- 
ing and  equipments.  In  this  connection,  the  following  letter 
from  Colonel  Devens  may  be  inserted.  It  was  addressed  to 
Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  in  reply  to  a  letter  making  inquiry  con- 
cerning the  wants  of  the  regiment,  and  asking  especially  in 
what  way  their  friends  at  home  could  serve  them  most 
effectually.  It  was  dated  at  Camp  Foster,  Poolsville,  Oc- 
tober 27. 

"  Dear  Sir  :  —  I  am  exceedingly  obliged  to  you  for  your  note  of  sym- 
pathy and  encouragement,  received  by  Mr.  Pratt.  Although  the  loss  of 
the  regiment  was  perfectly  terrible  —  my  hst  of  killed,  missing  and 
wounded  being  three  hundred  and  ten,  while  six  hundred  and  twenty-five 
was  the  largest  number  I  had  during  the  engagement,  yet  its  courage  was 
most  nobly  brave  and  enduring.  The  battle  was  hopelessly  lost  before 
General  Baker  was  killed,  yet  the  cool  manner  in  which  the  regiment, 
half  an  hour  after,  marched  over  from  the  right  of  the  line  to  protect  the 
left,  would  have  won  for  it  a  historic  name,  if  it  had  been  done  on  the 
battle-fields  of  Europe. 

The  men  here  of  course  lost  almost  everything  in  the  way  of  clothing 
and  equipments,  but  I  trust  that  the  government  will  make  immediate 
provision  ;  if  it  does  not,  I  will  have  no  hesitation  in  appealing  to  your- 
self and  other  patriotic  citizens  to  aid. 

Before  this  disaster  I  had  intended  to  write  that  each  man  in  the  regi- 
ment ought  to  be  supplied  with  an  extra  blanket  and  mittens,  (not  sup- 
plied by  the  government)  by  the  towns  from  which  the  regiment  comes, 
and  this  I  am  very  desirous  should  still  be  done. 


THE  FIFTEENTH  AT  BALLS  BLUFF.  II9 

The  brave  companions  whom  we  have  lost  cannot  be  restored  to  us,  but 
their  number  may.  Will  not  the  towns  of  the  county  of  Worcester,  from 
which  these  companies  came,  see  to  it  that  each  company  is  recruited 
again  to  its  maximum  standard,  with  vigorous  and  resolute  young  men 
from  their  own  town  or  its  immediate  vicinity,  and  not  leave  us  to  be 
filled  from  recruiting  officers  of  cities  ?  Let  the  determination  of  no  one  at 
home  waver.  The  courage  of  the  regiment  is  unshaken  ;  two  nights  ago, 
at  an  alarm,  it  turned  out  as  calmly  as  if  nothing  like  this  calam-ity  had 
ever  happened,  and  the  sick  in  the  hospitals  tuoidd  be  brought  to  the  win- 
dows to  see  it  march.  It  brought  its  colors  from  the  field,  and  be  its 
original  members  many  or  few,  they  will  yet  be  seen  to  wave  high  above 
the  emblems  of  treason  and  secession. 

Allow  me  to  ask  you  to  communicate  this  note  to  his  Honor,  the  mayor, 
to  whom  I  am  prevented  from  writing  fully,  and  believe  me,  with  many 
thanks  for  your  expressions  of  kindness. 

Yours  most  truly, 

Charles  Devens." 

Such  a  letter  could  not  fail  of  a  suitable  response.  The 
ladies  were  soon  at  work  in  behalf  of  their  brothers  in  the 
field,  and  efforts  were  immediately  made  to  recruit  the  broken 
ranks  of  the  regiment.  In  a  few  weeks  organized  effort  was 
brought  into  action  in  their  behalf.  An  appeal  was  addressed 
to  the  people  of  Worcester  county,  signed  by  Hon.  Levi 
Lincoln,  Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  Hon.  Stephen  Salisbury,  Hon. 
A.  H.  Bullock,  Rev.  Dr.  Hill,  Rev.  J.  J.  Power,  and  many 
others,  calling  for  three  hundred  and  fifty  men,  to  fill  the 
deficiency  in  the  regiment.  The  influence  of  the  services 
on  Thanksgiving  day,  November  21,  were  all  in  the  same 
direction.  The  discourses  and  prayers  in  all  the  churches 
referred  to  the  crisis  of  the  country.  Dr.  Sweetser,  showed 
how  good  is  mixed  with  evil,  but  how  the  evil  is  eliminated 
in  the  succession  of  events.  So  in  this  war,  we  hope  for 
good,  under  the  providence  of  God.  Dr.  Hill  reflected  the  ad- 
vancing public  sentiment  in  favor  of  abolishing  the  cause  of 
the  war.  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  spoke  with  characteristic 
force  and  earnestness  on  the  blessings  of  civil  liberty.  Rev. 
Mr.  Hager,  at  All  Saints  Church,  treated  of  slavery  as  a 
terrible  disease  that  had  been  working  in  the  veins  of  the 
republic.     The   poison  was  sinking   deeper  and  deeper,  the 


120  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

cancer  had  been  tampered  with,  and  was  growing  larger, 
contaminating  the  whole  system  ;  and  now  God  in  his  provi- 
dence, directed  us  to  use  the  knife  for  its  extermination.  Rev. 
Mr.  Tucker,  Baptist,  held  that  God  intended  to  bring  about 
the  liberation  of  the  slave,  and  that  he  would  hold  us  face  to 
face  with  our  enemies  till  the  problem  of  emancipation  should 
be  solved.  Rev.  Mr.  Dadmun,  Methodist,  spoke  in  the  same 
general  strain,  recognizing  slavery  as  the  great  curse.  Rev. 
Mr.  Cutler  preached  on  the  Right  of  the  Sword.  The  design 
of  the  sermon  was  to  remove  the  doubts  of  patriotic  men  who 
had  conscientious  scruples  in  regard  to  war  in  any  case.  He 
showed  the  right  of  defensive  warfare,  and  the  duty  of  all  citi- 
zens to  sustain  the  government.  There  was  a  general  desire 
to  have  the  discourse  repeated  on  some  more  public  occasion. 
In  accordance  with  this  wish,  the  discourse  was  repeated  to 
an  audience  which  filled  Union  Church  to  the  doors. 

A  public  meeting  was  held  in  the  City  Hall  on  the  evening 
of  the  third  of  December,  in  behalf  of  the  Fifteenth,  which 
was  fully  attended.  Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  the  mayor,  presided, 
and  after  appropriate  remarks,  introduced  Rev.  Mr.  Scandlin, 
the  chaplain,  who  spoke  for  an  hour  in  an  earnest  and  elo- 
quent manner,  appealing  to  the  citizens  of  the  county  to 
come  forward  and  fill  up  the  broken  ranks.  He  drew  many 
graphic  pictures  of  scenes  and  incidents  in  the  late  fight,  at 
which  our  officers  and  men  bore  themselves  so  bravely 
against  such  terrible  odds.  While  the  banners  of  other  regi- 
ments were  trailed  in  the  dust,  or  destroyed  to  prevent  their 
capture,  the  colors  of  the  Fifteenth,  given  to  them  by  the 
ladies  of  Worcester,  were  sacredly  and  safely  guarded,  and 
borne  unsullied  from  the  field  amid  the  fire  of  bullets. 

Judge  Chapin  then  came  forward,  and  made  a  spirited  and 
stirring  appeal  to  the  young  men  to  rally  again  at  the  call  of 
their  country.  In  this  struggle  two  modes  of  civilisation  to- 
tally irreconcilable,  and  as  impossible  to  be  mixed  as  oil  and 
water,  were  striving  for  the  mastery.  It  was  a  face-to-face 
conflict  of  freedom  with  slavery,  and  one  or  the  other  must 
prevail  over  all  the  land  ;  one  or  the  other  must  be  extin- 
ECuished  ;  there  was  no  other  alternative. 


THE    FIFTEENTH    AT    BALL  S    BLUFF,  121 

"  Those  who  shed  their  blood  like  rain, 
The  fathers  of  our  race, 
They  surely  shed  their  blood  in  vain, 
If  we  their  names  disgrace  ; 

If  Freedom's  forces  rally  not, 

On  mountain,  vale  and  strand. 
To  wipe  away  the  dark  plague  spot 

That  curses  this  our  land." 

'  At  the  conclusion  of  Judge  Chapin's  speech,  a  committee 
was  appointed  to  aid  in  enlisting  recrtiits  in  Worcester  for  the 
regiment.  The  committee  consisted  of  the  following  gentle- 
men, viz.,  Hon.  Dwight  Foster,  A.  M.  F.  Davis,  and  Charles 
B.  Pratt. 

On  the  twelfth  of  December,  the  Hon.  Edward  Everett 
lectured  in  Mechanics  Hall,  to  an  audience  which  occupied 
every  seat.  He  treated  in  his  own  inimitable  manner,  of  the 
contest ;  its  nature,  origin,  progress  and  tendency,  and 
showed  that  the  nation  was  struggling  towards  an  advanced 
position  in  the  vanguard  of  true  progress.  And  on  the  six- 
teenth, the  Hon.  Daniel  S.  Dickinson,  of  New  York,  spoke 
two  full  hours,  to  an  applauding  audience,  on  public  affairs. 
All  these  sermons,  speeches  and  addresses,  which  appealed 
to  the  higher  principles  of  our  moral  nature,  had  a  powerful 
tendency  to  develop  a  true  patriotism. 

Perhaps  this  chapter  cannot  be  closed  better  than  by  copy- 
ing the  two  following  letters  ;  the  one  showing  how  our  noble 
boys  bore  their  wounds  and  sickness  in  the  hospital,  and  the 
other  how  tenderly  and  respectfully  the  dead  were  buried. 

The  first  was  from  a  lady  who  had  been  for  some  months 
in  Washington,  and  who  had  spent  some  time  at  Poolsville. 
She  wrote  as  follows  :  — 

"  The  beautiful  heroism  of  some  of  those  sick  beds,  when  a  precious 
limb  is  lost,  or  life  is  slowly  ebbing,  is  more  amazing  than  the  bravery  of 
the  day  of  battle.     A  young  carpenter  is  sitting  at  the  same  table  with  me, 

answering  a  letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  P .     He  is  a  Sterling  bo}-,  and  the 

name  of  his  town  applies  to  him.  I  remarked  his  face  when  I  first  came, 
so  full  of  honest  dignity  and  sweetness.  I  have  been  reading  some  of  his 
letters  to  and  from  home,  full  of  patriotism  and  genuine  piety,  the  best 


122  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

product  of  New-England  culture.  He  sketches  prettily,  and  writes  with 
simplicity,  and  is  one  of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  privates  whose  life 
would  quietly  bless  his  little  circle,  but  whose  death  may  be  needed  by  his 
country  ;  he  joyfully  yields  all  for  her.  After  I  had  tucked  a  fine  little  fel- 
low of  eighteen  into  his  bed  for  the  night,  arid  had  made  the  pillow  easy 
for  the  stump  of  an  arm,  and  had  his  thanks  for  the  comfort,  I  spoke  to 
him  tenderly  of  his  loss,  and  the  manly  answer  was  :  '  I  do  not  regret 
it ;  it  was  lost  in  a  good  cause,  and  I  do  not  wish  it  otherwise.'  " 

The  other  letter  was  written  by  Rev.  Christopher  Gushing, 
then  of  North  Brookfield,  and  was  published  in  the  Spy, 
under  the  head  of  "  Our  Dead  at  Ball's  Bluff." 

"  I  know  that  your  readers  will  be  interested  in  any  facts  respecting  the 
brave  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  recent  engagement  at  Ball's  Bluff,  and  par- 
ticularly as  to  the  burial  of  the  dead.  This  sad  service  accidentally  de- 
volved on  Captain  F.  F.  Vaughn  of  the  Rhode  Island  battery,  who  was 
assisted  by  twelve  men,  mostly  of  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Regi- 
ment. He  found  most  of  the  bodies  in  the  woods  around  the  open  field 
of  which  such  frequent  mention  has  been  made  in  the  papers.  Two  of 
the  bodies  were  deprived  of  their  clothing,  with  the  exception  of  the 
shirts.  This  being  contrary  to  the  customs  of  war,  the  rebel  officers  ex- 
pressed regret  when  they  saw  it,  and  said  they  wished  it  distinctly  under- 
stood that  this  was  contrary  to  their  orders,  and  did  not  meet  with  their 
approbation.  In  some  other  instances  a  coat  or  a  jacket  was  taken.  As 
indicating  what  the  rebels  are  destitute  of,  it  is  a  significant  fact  tliat  the 
hats  and  caps,  and  boots  and  shoes,  were  all  taken,  and  the  buttons 
ripped  off  from  the  clothing.  There  was  no  instance  of  a  body  having 
been  mutilated  by  the  enemy.  But  everything  which  the  soldiers  carried  in 
their  pockets  was  taken,  and  the  search  was  so  thorough  that  there  were 
only  three  instances  in  which  anything  could  be  found  to  aid  in  identify- 
ing the  bodies.  On  the  pants  of  one  was  found  the  name  of  Captain  Al- 
dan ;  under  the  body  of  another  there  was  an  envelope  superscribed 
James  Douglas  ;  into  the  top  of  the  socks  of  another  were  beautifully  in- 
wrought the  letters  W.  H.  H.  L. 

Forty-seven  bodies  were  buried  upon  the  battle-field,  twelve  were 
brought  over  to  Harison's  Island,  and  almost  twenty  were  left  for  the 
enemy  to  bury.  The  sad  work  was  left  thus  unfinished,  because  the 
darkness  of  night  interposed,  and  the  next  day  Captain  Vaughn  was  sick. 
So  thoroughly  had  the  battle-field  been  examined  by  the  enemy,  that  only 
two  bodies  of  the  rebel  dead  were  found  during  the  whole  day,  and  only 
two  of  our  wounded  men  ;  these  were  claimed  as  prisoners  of  war,  and 
sent  to  the  hospital  at  Leesburg.  Our  dead  were  buried  with  their  cloth- 
ing on,  laying  the  body  upon  the  side  in  trenches,  usually  two,  three,  or 


THE    FIFTEENTH    AT    DALES    BLUFF.  T?3 

four,  side  by  side,  never  one  upon  anotlier,  and  in  the  same  trench  there 
was  in  only  one  instance  so  many  as  eleven.  The  face  was  covered  with 
leaves,  and  then  the  body  was  covered  with  earth,  to  the  depth  of  from 
three  to  five  feet,  and  a  stone  was  placed  at  the  head  and  foot  of  each 
grave.  So  far  as  can  be  judged  by  the  clothing,  about  half  of  the  dead  on 
the  battle  ground  were  of  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  and 
about  half  of  the  Californians,  or  Baker's  men.  It  will  be  a  satisfaction  to 
friends  at  home  to  know  that  the  solemn  work  of  burial  devolved  upon  one 
who  so  faithfully  and  tenderly  observed  the  proprieties  of  the  occasion." 


124  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER    VII. 

SECOND   YEAR   OF  THE   WAR   AT   HOME. 

Though  the  Twenty-first  and  Twenty-fifth  Regiments  left 
home  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1861,  they  were  not  en- 
gaged in  battle  until  the  next  year.  Before  following  their 
footsteps  to  the  tented  field,  it  will  tend  to  a  clear  understand- 
ing of  the  part  borne  by  Worcester  in  the  contest,  to  give  a 
connected  account  of  events  pertaining  to  the  war  which  oc- 
curred at  home  during  the  year  1862. 

Owing  to  the  pressure  of  the  times,  and  in  accordance  with 
the  action  of  moneyed  institutions  throughout  the  loyal  states, 
the  banks  of  the  city  suspended  specie  payments  on  the 
second  day  of  January,  1862. 

On  the  sixth,  the  new  city  government  was  organized,  and 
the  mayor,  Hon.  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  speaking  of  national 
affairs  in  his  inaugural  address,  said  :  "  that  the  power  of  the 
government  and  the  patriotism  of  the  people  have  so  far 
shown  themselves  quite  equal  to  the  great  emergency,  and 
it  is  not  to  be  doubted  that  they  will  continue  to  rise  with  any 
new  demand  for  men  and  money,  until  this  most  unnatural 
and  wicked  rebellion  shall  be  driven  from  the  fair  fields  of  the 
Union,  and  that  this  government,  then  free  in  fact  as  in  name, 
and  which  at  once  inspires  the  admiration  and  hopes  of  the 
masses  of  mankind,  and  the  envy  and  hatred  of  the  few  who 
indulge  the  vain  belief  that  they  are  born  to  rule  and  domi- 
nate over  the  many,  shall  rise  to  greater  heights  of  prosperity 
and  renown  than  it  has  ever  before  reached."  The  military 
or  war  debt  was  stated  to  be  $14,600.  This  was  for  money 
paid  to  families  of  citizens  in  the  public  service. 

At  this  time  the  ladies  were  busy  with  the  needle,  and  in 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR   AT    HOME.  125 

Other  ways,  rendering  aid  to  the  soldiers  in  the  field  and  hos- 
pital, and  to  the  destitute  "  contrabands  "  who  increased  rap- 
idly in  number,  and  whose  wants  were  very  urgent.  A  future 
chapter  will  be  devoted  to  the  history  of  this  form  of  benevo- 
lent action. 

The  first  number  of  the  Palladium  in  1862,  had  a  long  and 
able  article  on  "  The  Old  and  the  New, "  reviewing  the  state 
of  affairs,  and  concluding  in  these  words  :  "  There  are  times 
when  human  strength  seems  but  an  embodiment  of  human 
weakness  ;  the  highest  intelligence,  but  the  faint  glimmering 
of  reason  ;  and  every  manly  attribute,  powerless  to  direct  in 
the  right  course  and  accomplish  the  achievements  which 
imperious  necessity  demands.  Such  seems  now  to  be  the 
condition  of  this  great  people.  And  now  that  the  cloud  has 
shut  down  upon  us,  and  shadows  envelop  us,  there  is  mani- 
fest propriety  in  the  injunction  to  us,  to  look  above  to  the 
Supreme  Ruler  of  the  universe,  as  John  Milton  in  his  blind- 
ness ;  and  join  with  him  in  his  declaration  :  — 

'  There  is,  as  the  apostle  has  remarked,  a  way  to  strength  through 
weakness.  Let  me  then  be  the  most  feeble  creature  aHve,  as  long  as  that 
feebleness  serves  to  invigorate  the  energies  of  my  immortal  spirit ;  as 
long  as  in  that  obscurity,  in  which  I  am  enveloped,  the  h'ght  of  the  divine 
presence  more  clearly  shines  ;  then,  in  proportion  as  I  am  weak,  I  shall  be 
invincibly  strong  ;  and  in  proportion  as  I  am  blind,  I  shall  more  clearly  see.'  " 

The  next  number  of  the  same  paper  reports  that  "  Major 
Theron  E.  Hall,  adjutant  of  the  Twenty-first  Massachusetts 
Regiment,  left  this  city  a  few  days  since,  in  charge  of  one 
hundred  laborers  from  various  towns  in  the  county,  engaged 
to  work  for  the  government  in  Annapolis.  For  skilled  car- 
penters the  government  pays  forty  dollars  a  month  and  board, 
and  for  common  workmen  twenty-five  dollars." 

Mr.  Homer  B.  Sprague,  formerly  principal  of  the  High 
School  of  Worcester,  became  a  captain  in  the  Thirteenth 
Connecticut. 

A  committee  of  twenty-one  prominent  citizens  of  which 
Hon.  W.  W.  Rice  was  chairman,  was  chosen  to  raise  recruits 
for  the  Fifteenth  Regiment. 


126  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

On  the  nineteenth  of  March,  Major  McCafferty  of  the 
Twenty-fifth  was  honorably  discharged.  He  fought  with  the 
regiment  at  Newbern,  as  well  as  at  Roanoke  Island,  with 
unquestioned  bravery. 

It  was  reported  in  the  papers  of  March  31,  that  Colonel 
Devens  was  promoted  as  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 

The  nineteenth  of  April, — anniversary  of  the  "Lexington 
alarm  "  —  was  duly  celebrated.  At  half  past  ten  a.m.,  a  mes- 
senger rode  up  street  crying,  "  To  arms  !  To  arms  !  The  war 
is  begun."  The  bells  rung  out  the  alarm,  and  three  alarm 
guns  were  fired.  The  "  minute  men,  "  composed  of  the  High- 
land Cadets  and  the  McClellan  Guards  rallied,  forming  on  the 
Common,  and  left  for  the  scene  of  war  at  Lexington.  In  due 
time  they  returned,  and  made  a  fine  display  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Captains  Abercrombie  and  Knowlton. 

An  immense  assemblage  at  Mechanics  Hall  witnessed 
the  presentation  of  rebel  flags  captured  at  the  battle  of  New- 
bern, by  Co.  E,  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment.  Alderman 
Charles  B.  Pratt  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and  presented 
Mayor  Aldrich  as  presiding  officer.  His  Honor,  in  brief  re- 
marks, introduced  Major  McCafferty,  through  whom,  as  one 
honorably  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Newbern,  the  captured  tro- 
phies were  to  be  presented  to  the  city,  with  the  request  from 
Captain  O'Neil  that  they  should  be  deposited  in  the  Public 
Library  building. 

The  major  spoke  at  length  and  in  a  vein  of  effective  elo- 
quence, referring  to  Captain  O'Neil  and  his  company  in  the 
following  terms. 

"  Among  those  selected  to  raise  a  company  for  the  war,  was  Captain 
Thomas  O'Neil,  formerly  a  lieutenant  in  company  C,  of  the  Third  Bat- 
talion Rifles.  As  soon  as  his  name  was  announced,  many  of  those  who 
served  with  him  in  the  three  montlis'  service,  rushed  to  his  standard. 
They  knew  him  well,  his  dauntless  courage,  his  fearlessness,  that  he  had 
sprung  i-om  a  race  of  soldiers,  his  name  a  synonym  in  Irish  history, 
for  brave  deeds  ;  his  uncle  James  fell  fighting  the  battles  of  the  Saxons  at 
Talavera;  his  uncle  Arthur,  on  board  of  the  Terrible,  in  an  engagement 
with  the  French  fleet  in  the  same  service  ;  his  father  fell  bleeding  on  the 
field,  wounded  at  Waterloo  ;  and  his  family  to-day  have  furnished  more 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR   AT    HOME,  12/ 

soldiers  for  the  war  than  any  other  family  in  Worcester  county.  His 
brother  Charles,  of  the  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  was  wounded  in  the  un- 
fortunate affair  of  Ball's  Bluff.  His  brother  James  gallantly  bore  the  state 
colors  of  Massachusetts  on  to  the  enemy's  ramparts  at  the  battle  of 
Newbern,  —  and  himself,  who  has  been  in  the  service  from  the  eighteenth 
day  of  April,  one  year  ago  yesterday,  and  who  from  that  time  to  the  i^res- 
ent  has  borne  himself  as  a  gallant  soldier,  doing  every  duty  cheerfully. 
Captain  O'Neil's  company  are  chiefly  adopted  citizens.  I  think  it  would 
be  somewhat  difficult  to  tell  who  responded  most  cheerfully  to  the  presi- 
dent's call  for  troops,  whether  it  was  the  native  born  or  adopted  citizen. 
Thev  seemed  to  vie  with  each  other  in  the  struggle  for  laurels  and  for 
service.  The  first  company  from  this  state  of  adopted  citizens  was  from 
the  county  of  Worcester.*  The  second  company  of  adopted  citizens  from 
this  city  was  the  command  of  Captain  Thomas  O'Neil ;  his  command  have 
already  been  in  two  engagements.  They  were  the  first  company  deployed 
as  skirmishers  to  protect  the  landing  of  the  troops  at  Roanoke,  the 
gallant  Richter  with  his  scouts  having  been  recalled.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  battle  they  were  skirmishing  again,  driving  in  the  enemy's 
pickets  with  company  A,  under  the  brave  Sprague.  They  advanced  on 
the  double  quick  and  held  the  rebels  at  bay  until  the  regiment  passed  the 
ford  and  reached  them.  The  line  of  battle  was  soon  formed,  and  com- 
pany £,  with  Captain  Wageley,  Captain  Atwood  and  Captain  Pickett,  cov- 
ered the  howitzers,  and  soon  commenced  the  iron  rain  and  leaden  hail,  and 
for  three-fourths  of  an  hour  the  gallant  Twenty-fifth  Massachusetts  held 
unsupported  the  enemy's  front,  and  for  three  and  a  half  hours  they  held 
that  front  and  received  the  rebel  fire.  On  that  field  there  was  coolness, 
sternness,  and  daring,  that  would  have  done  honor  to  old  veterans,  by 
members  of  company  E,  and  other  companies  of  the  Twenty-fifth.  At 
Roanoke  victory  was  theirs,  though  at  the  cost  of  many  lives." 

The  mayor  made  an  appropriate  address,  eulogizing  the 
men  who  had  fought  so  bravely,  accepting  the  trophies  as 
evidence  of  the  valor  displayed,  and  taking  a  patriotic  view  of 
the  war  against  the  rebellion.  He  then  presented  the  Rev. 
Horace  James,  chaplain  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  to  the  audience. 
He  was  at  home  on  a  short  furlough,  having  come  on  with 
some  sick  and  wounded  soldiers.  He  spoke  in  high  terms  of 
our  soldiers,  and  contrasted  them  with  the  rebels.  He  bore 
words  of  cheering  and  warm  congratulation  from  the  soldiers 
to  their  friends  at  home.     He  complimented   Captain   O'Neil 

*  It  is  claimed  that  this  company  was  the  first  composed  of  Irish  soldiers  that  engaged  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Union. 


128  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  his  brother  soldiers,  for  their  patriotism  and  valor,  in  cap- 
turing the  rebel  trophies. 

By  order  of  the  mayor,  on  the  twelfth  of  May,  a  salute  of 
one  hundred  guns  was  fired  on  the  Common,  at  sunrise,  in 
consequence  of  the  good  news  from  the  army  and  navy,  —  es- 
pecially for  the  capture  of  Norfolk. 

Dr.  O.  Martin  received  from  the  officers  of  the  Kansas 
brigade  a  very  high  testimonial  to  his  skill,  courtesy  and 
kindness. 

On  the  twenty-sixth  of  May,  Governor  Andrew  called  for 
more  troops.  The  occasion  of  the  call  was  made  by  the 
retreat  of  General  Banks  down  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah. 
This  caused  a  panic  at  Washington,  and  an  appeal  to  the 
country  for  fresh  troops.  Governor  Andrew  called  upon  the 
citizen  soldiery  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  response  was  im- 
mediate in  this  city  as  elsewhere.  The  three  Worcester 
companies,  with  their  usual  ardor,  put  themselves  in  readi- 
ness for  three  months'  service.  The  armories  of  the  Light 
Infantry,  City  Guards  and  Emmet  Guards  were  thronged  from 
an  early  hour  in  the  morning,  and  enlistments  were  made  with 
unusual  alacrity.     Before  night  the  ranks  were  nearly  full. 

A  meeting  was  held  on  the  Common  at  the  call  of  the 
Mayor,  at  1 1  o'clock,  a.  m.  The  Old  South  bell  rung  out  the 
call.  Addresses  were  made  by  his  Honor,  and  by  ex-Mayors 
Davis  and  Rice,  by  Major  McCafiferty  and  by  Rev.  Messrs. 
Richardson  and  Higginson.  The  mayor  explained  that  the 
service  would  be  for  three  months,  and  pledged  the  city  to 
13rovide  for  the  families  of  the  soldiers. 

The  officers  of  the  several  companies  were  as  follows  :  Co. 
A,  City  Guards,  Captain,  Arthur  A.  Goodell ;  First  Lieuten- 
ant, W.  Adams  ;  Second  Lieutenant,  C.  N.  Harrington.  Co.  C, 
Emmet  Guards,  Captain,  M.  S.  McConville  ;  First  Lieutenant, 
Nicholas  Powers;  Second  Lieutenant,  John  O' Gorman.  Co.  D, 
Light  Infantry,  Captain,  George  W.  Prouty  ;  First  Lieuten- 
ant, John  A.  Lovell ;  Second  Lieutenant,  J,  H.  Prouty.  The 
Holden  Rifles  arrived  in  the  city  in  the  afternoon  under  the 
command    of  Captain    Gleason.     The    commissioned   officers 


SECOND    YEAR    OF   THE   WAR   AT    HOME.  1 29 

held  a  meeting  and  unanimously  elected  Captain  Harrison  W. 
Pratt  as  major. 

The  command  and  stafif  of  the  battalion  were  as  follows  :  — 

Major,  Harrison  W.  Pratt, 

Adjutant,  J.  Stewart  Brown, 

Quarter-master,  H.  W.  Conklin, 

Surgeon,  F.  H.  Kelley, 

Sergeant-Major,  John  B.  Goodell, 
(luarter-inaster  Sergeant,        F.  E.  Murray, 

Hospital  Steward,  ■  Wilmarth. 

The  battalion  left  for  Boston  in  the  forenoon  of  the  next 
day.  On  arriving  there  they  found  that  instead  of  three 
months,  they  might  be  required  to  serve  until  two  months 
after  the  commencement  of  the  next  session  of  Congress,  and 
perhaps  longer.  This  they  could  not  do ;  and  in  the  mean 
time  word  came  from  Washington  that  the  exigency  had  been 
provided  for,  and  that  the  three  months'  men  would  not  be 
needed.  Our  battalion  therefore  returned  home  on  the  next 
day,  having  shown  their  readiness  to  throw  aside  business,  and 
leave  their  homes  at  the  call  of  their  country. 

Camp  Wool,  on  the  Agricultural  Fair-Grounds  was  assigned 
as  the  quarters  of  the  new  regiment,  the  Thirty-fourth,  and 
William  S.  Lincoln  was  designated  as  lieutenant-colonel,  on 
the  first  of  June.  On  the  fourth  of  June,  the  Light  Infantry 
voted  to  join  the  Thirty-fourth  under  Major  Pratt  as  cap- 
tain. 

A  large  number  of  gentlemen  and  ladies  met  at  Brinley 
Hall,  on  the  tenth  of  June,  when  a  handsome  sword  and 
equipments  were  presented  to  Colonel  Ward,  in  a  speech  by 
Mr.  Bullock.  The  colonel  replied  with  great  modesty  and 
feeling.  General  Devens  made  him  a  present  of  shoulder- 
straps. 

The  celebration  on  the  fourth  of  July  was  confined 
to  the  ringing  of  bells  and  firing  of  salutes.  The  people 
were  anxious  about  the  condition  of  General  McClellan  and 
his  army  near  Richmond.  On  the  tenth,  Drs.  Workman 
and  Chandler  volunteered  their  services  as  surgeons,  and  left 

9 


130  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

for  the  seat  of  war.     Seven  days'  fighting  had  made  work  for 
them. 

The  immense  losses  incurred  by  our  armies  on  the  Penin- 
sula, in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  and  elsewhere,  made  it  neces- 
sary to  call  for  more  troops.  Accordingly  a  great  meeting 
was  held  on  the  twelfth  of  July,  in  Mechanics  Hall,  by  request 
of  the  mayor,  "  to  respond  to  the  call  of  the  governor,  for  im- 
mediate action  in  relation  to  the  recruiting  of  volunteers,  to 
fill  up  at  once  the  quota  of  Worcester  under  said  call."  On 
the  platform  were  ex-Governor  Lincoln,  General  Devens,  Col- 
onel Ward,  and  other  eminent  citizens.  The  mayor  called 
the  meeting  to  order,  and  on  motion  of  Mr.  George  Richard- 
son, Mayor  Aldrich  was  called  to  preside.  He  explained  the 
object  of  the  meeting.  The  purpose  of  the  government  is  to 
put  down  rebellion,  and  abolish  the  cause  of  the  rebellion. 
Our  ranks  were  thinne4  every  day,  and  new  recruits  must 
take  the  field. 

General  Devens  was  received  with  repeated  rounds  of  ap- 
plause. He  said  we  were  in  a  struggle  for  nationality.  The 
rebels  must  be  reduced  to  submission  to  wise  and  wholesome 
laws.  He  spoke  of  past  successes,  city  after  city  and  port 
after  port  having  been  subdued.  There  need  be  no  fear  of 
foreign  governments  aiding  the  rebellion,  if  three  hundred 
thousand  men  should  spring  to  their  feet,  as  they  should  do, 
with  arms  in  their  hands. 

The  venerable  ex-Governor  Lincoln  was  welcomed  with 
enthusiastic  applause.  His  speech  was  full  of  the  patriotic 
fire  of  his  younger  days,  and  when  he  said ;  "  the  rebellion 
must  be  crushed, "  he  spoke  the  sense  of  Worcester.  He 
moved  the  following  resolution. 

"In  answer  to  the  call  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  for  this 
state's  quota  of  three  hundred  thousand  men,  for  the  reinforcement  of  the 
army  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  requisition  of  the  Governor  of  the 
Commonwealth  for  the  enlistment  of  two  hundred  and  sixty-one  volun- 
teers as  the  proportion  of  that  quota  from  this  city, 

Resolved,  As  the  sense  of  this  meeting,  that  in  view  of  the  present  de- 
mand for  labor,  and  the  sacrifices  which  men  must  now  make  in  being 
called,  at  this  season,  and  thus  suddenly  from  their  homes  and  their  pri- 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR    AT    HOME.  I3I 

vate  concerns  of  business,  his  fus^  and  proper,  that  additional  pecuniary 
inducements  should  be  offered  to  enlistments,  and  that  it  be  recommended 
to  the  city  council,  on  the  faith  and  credit  of  the  city,  to  propose  to  pay  to 
each  soldier,  who  shall  voluntarily  ^vX\%\.  from  this  city,  under  the  present 
requisition,  the  sum  of  seventy-five  dollars,  upon  his  being  duly  mustered 
into  the  service  of  the  United  States  ;  provided,  however,  that  said  bounty 
be  paid  to  no  other  or  greater  number  of  soldiers  than  are  duly  enlisted 
and  mustered  into  service  as  this  city's  proportion  of  said  requirement." 

Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  spoke  in  vigorous  and  emphatic  lan- 
guage, saying :  "  Our  army  is  in  danger  ;  soldiers  are 
needed.  Let  every  man  resolve  to-night  that  this  rebellion 
shall  be  crushed.  Let  there  be  no  more  guarding  rebel 
property.  Bring  out  every  man  and  every  gun."  The  mayor, 
in  putting  the  vote,  pledged  the  aid  of  the  city  government. 
Mr.  James  White  arose,  and  alluding  to  the  bounty  of  seven- 
ty-five dollars,  said  he  had  great  regard  for  the  historic  num- 
ber seventy-five,  but  felt  a  much  stronger  thrill  of  patriotism 
for  seventy-six,  and  pledged  himself  to  add  one  dollar  to  the 
sum  specified  for  each  volunteer  ;  making  two  hundred  and 
sixty-one  dollars.  The  offer  was  accepted  with  enthusiastic 
applause. 

On  the  fourteenth,  the  city  government  voted  a  bounty  of 
one  hundred  dollars  to  each  volunteer  under  the  terms  of  the 
above  resolution. 

Another  war  meeting,  called  by  the  mayor,  was  held  in 
the  City  Hall  on  the  nineteenth  of  July.  The  hall  was 
crowded  to  its  utmost  capacity.  The  mayor  stated  the  need 
of  the  government,  when  earnest  and  powerful  speeches  were 
made  by  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  Major  McCafferty  and  Gen- 
eral Devens.  A  large  "  committee  of  safety  "  consisting  of 
a  hundred  citizens,  was  chosen  to  take  in  charge  the  business 
of  recruiting.  This  committee  met  on  Monday  evening,  and 
chose  an  executive  committee  of  one  for  each  ward  to 
carry  out  the  business  of  recruiting.  The  following  are  their 
names.  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  chairman ;  ward  one,  Merrick 
Bemis  ;  two,  Lee  Sprague  ;  three,  Walter  Henry  ;  four,  Elliot 
Swan  ;  five,  Patrick  O'Keefe  ;  six,  Charles  B.  Pratt ;  seven, 
George  M.  Rice ;  eight,  Warren  Williams.     The  committee 


132  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

passed  a  vote  requesting  the  citizens  to  close  their  places  of 
business  on  the  next  Saturday  at  noon,  and  hold  a  mass  meet- 
ing on  the  Common  at  three  o'clock  p.m. 

George  M.  Rice,  of  the  firm  of  Rice  Barton,  &  Co.,  said 
he  was  authorized  in  behalf  of  his  firm,  to  offer  to  each  per- 
son in  their  employ,  who  would  enlist,  eleven  dollars,  making 
the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  ten  dollars,  and  guarantee  their 
places  to  them  on  their  return.  The  firms  of  Earle  &  Jones, 
Washburn  &  Moen,  Washburn  &  Son,  and  Albert  Curtis, 
also  made  the  same  generous  offer  to  the  men  in  their  em- 
ploy. Mr.  O'Keefe,  in  behalf  of  his  adopted  fellow-citi- 
zens, assured  the  committee  that  they  would  furnish  their 
full  share  of  men. 

The  intense  excitement  of  the  public  mind  was  indicated 
by  the  fact  that  the  state  of  the  country  was  brought  before 
their  congregations  by  several  ministers  on  the  Sabbath, 
July  20.  Rev.  Dr.  Hill,  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen,  and  others  spoke 
earnestly  on  the  crisis.  The  only  reported  discourse  was 
that  of  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  which,  says  the  reporter,  was 
"  delivered  with  wonderful  force  and  effect."  After  speaking 
of  the  interests  in  jeopardy,  and  our  means  of  deliverance,  he 
closed  in  these  words  :  — 

"  By  such  means  God  calls  upon  the  country,  and  upon  every  loyal  man 
and  woman.  Obey  the  call.  Then  shall  we  be  inspired  of  heaven  in  a 
cause  so  holy,  for  then  every  law  of  God  will  work  in  harmony  with  us  ; 
the  sense  of  i-ight,  which  makes  strong  the  arm  and  gives  persistency  to 
the  will ;  the  sentiment  of  other  nations,  that  in  our  age  has  become  a 
power,  will  turn  in  our  favor ;  and  as  the  stars  fought  against  Sisera,  they 
will  fight  against  slavery.  The  victory  will  be  ours.  Call  to  our  aid  the 
visions  of  the  future,  —  the  countless  myriads  that,  age  after  age,  will 
people  this  broad  continent ;  listen  to  the  songs  of  triumph  that  shall  re- 
sound from  ocean  to  ocean,  and  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  transmitting 
praises  to  the  true,  and  curses  upon  the  false,  to  untold  generations  ; 
and  surrounded  by  that  cloud  of  witnesses  now  looking  down  upon  us, 
let  us  resolve  :  —  Freedom  and  Union,  one  and  inseparable,  now  and  for 
ever." 

Enlistments  came  in  rapidly,  the  recruits  singing  :  — 

*'  We  are  coming,  Father  Abraham,  three  hundred  thousand  more." 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR    AT    HOME.  1 33 

There  was  an  immense  meeting  on  the  Common,  on  Satur- 
day, July  26,  nearly  all  places  of  business  being  closed  for  the 
purpose  of  attending.  The  mayor  called  to  order  at  eleven 
o'clock  A.M.,  and  briefly  stated  the  objects  of  the  meeting. 
Colonel  Wells,  of  the  Thirty-fourth,  spoke  with  eloquence 
and  effect.  Governor  Andrew  then  came  forward  amid  the 
vociferous  cheering  of  the  vast  multitude,  and  gave  one  of 
those  off-hand  speeches  of  his,  which  were  so  full  of  electric 
force.  "  Our  government,"  said  he,  "  now  recognizes  it  as  a 
war,  and  rebellion  must  fall ;  and  they  who  have  stood  upon 
the  necks  of  so  many  bondsmen  shall  be  swept  away,  and 
four  million  souls  rise  to  immortality."  John  B.  Gough  was 
introduced,  and  "  his  patriotism,"  says  the  Palladium,  "  was 
up  to  fever  heat,  and  the  amount  of  scathing  condemnation 
dealt  to  southern  rebellion,  we  never  heard  summed  up  in  so 
short  a  period  of  time  before."  Mr.  T.  W.  Wellington,  who 
had  three  sons  in  the  war,  offered  to  go  himself,  or  furnish  a 
substitute.  Messrs.  Oliver  K.  Earle,  Philip  L.  Moen,  J.  W. 
Jordan,  John  B.  Gough,  Edwin  S.  Lawrence  and  A.  E.  But- 
ler, gave  their  names  on  the  same  conditions,  and  Mayor 
Aldrich  said   he  would  add  his  own  name  to  the  list. 

Perhaps  room  enough  has  already  been  given  to  the  war 
meetings  held  at  this  period,  but  there  was  one  called 
together  in  Mechanics  Hall  on  the  first  of  August,  which  was 
not  only  patriotic  but  significant.  It  was  assembled  through 
the  efforts  of  citizens  who  belonged  to,  or  sympathized  with, 
the  sentiments  of  the  "  Freedom  Club "  of  this  city,  which 
always  took  radical  views  of  the  war  as  relating  to  slavery. 
The  meeting  spoke  of  the  prevailing  sentiment  of  Massachu- 
setts and  its  peerless  governor,  and  uttered  the  feelings  of 
the  vast  majority  of  people  in  this  city  and  county.  Accord- 
ing to  the  report  in  the  papers  it  "  was  one  of  the  most  en- 
thusiastic and  successful  meetings  ever  held  in  this  city." 
The  hall  was  crowded  by  citizens  who  met  under  the  follow- 
ing call :  — 

"  Is  the  president  waiting  to  hear  from  the  people  ?  Will  they  speak  ? 
We,  the  people  of  the  city  of  Worcester,  believing  that  lenity  to  traitors 


134 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


is  ruin  to  all  loyal  citizens,  and  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  we  cease 
to  deserve  success  if  we  fail  to  use  all  the  means  that  God  has  placed  in 
our  hands  to  crush  out  this  rebellion  and  annihilate  its  cause  ;  Therefore 
we  earnestly  invite  all  who  are  ready  to  assist  in  rescuing  the  republic 
from  its  perilous  condition,  to  meet  —  to  take  action  in  the  premises." 

Mr.  John   McCombe  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and  an- 
nounced the  followins:  list  of  officers  :  — 


President,  Hon.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton. 
Vice-Presidents, 


Philip  L.  Moen, 
James  H.  Walker, 
A.  C.  Darlinsj, 
S.  E.  Hildreth, 

C.  L.  Prouty, 

D.  R.  Goodell, 
Geo.  M.  Rice, 
R.  R.  Shepard, 
George  S.  Barton, 
George  Geer, 
Adin  Thayer, 

Rev.  M.  Richardson, 
Thomas  Tucker, 
J.  M.  Chikls, 
Benjamin  Goddard, 
Alanson  Carey, 
William  Dickinson, 
Alonzo  Whitcomb, 


Adam  Harrington, 
Daniel  Tainter, 
Alexander  Thayer, 
Oliver  K.  Earle, 
Martin  Lathe, 
W.  Mecorney, 
O.  A.  Smith, 
Hugh  Doherty, 
Rev.  R.  R.  Shippen, 
J.  D.  Kettell, 
Clark  Jilson, 
Otis  Warren, 
Charles  Davis, 
Henry  Walbridge, 
L.  W.  Pond, 
Alzirus  Brown, 
R.  A.  M.  Johnson, 
H.  H.  Houghton, 


T.  M.  Lamb, 
Edwin  Morse, 
Simeon  Clapp, 
Edwin  Draper, 
Wm.  McFarland, 
David  Cummins, 
Frederick  Jefts, 
Francis  L.  King, 
John- Firth, 
Abraham  Firth, 
A.  Marsh, 
James  H.  Osgood, 
Loring  Coes, 
Sumner  Pratt, 
Henry  Goddard, 
A.  G.  Coes, 
T.  P.  Wheelock, 
D.  S.  Goddard. 


Secretaries,  J.  E.  Tucker,  William  R.  Hooper,  D.  A.  Goddard. 

Mr.  Knowlton,  on  taking  the  chair,  expressed  his  entire 
sympathy  with  the  purposes  for  which  the  meeting  was  held. 
It  was  the  duty  of  the  people  to  utter  their  convictions,  and 
do  all  in  their  power  to  sustain  the  administration  at  the  point 
it  ought  to  occupy.  His  remarks  were  received  with  great 
applause. 

Rev.  Merrill  Richardson,  in  behalf  of  a  committee,  read 
the  following  resolutions,  which  were  adopted  at  the  close  of 
the  meeting  without  a  dissenting  voice. 

"  Recognizing  the  hand  of  God  in  the  affairs  of  nations,  and  believing 
He  inspires  men  with  zeal  and  makes  them  strong  for  action  only  in  the 
cause  of  truth  and  justice  :  — 

And  whereas,  the  slave  power  of  this  republic  has  armed  for  its  de- 
struction, and  thereby  forfeited  all  claim  to  its  protection  ; 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR    AT    HOME.  1 35 

And  whereas,  the  conflict  thus  far  has  shown,  what  the  leaders  of  the 
rebellion  declared,  that  slavery  was  their  strength,  and  with  it  they  could 
not  be  conquered  ; 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meeting  that  the  time  has  fully 
come  for  the  government  to  proclaim  liberty  throiigJiotit  all  the  land;  to 
receive  under  its  protection  all  slaves  who  shall  come  within  our  lines 
and  to  employ,  binder  its  pledge  of  freedom,  such  of  them  as  are  ready,  as 
scouts,  or  pilots,  or  spies,  or  soldiers,  to  aid  in  subduing  the  masters' 
rebellion. 

Resolved,  That  we  unite  our  voice  in  the  entreaty  of  the  committees  of 
the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  city  council,  and  of  the  millions 
of  loyal  men  in  the  nation,  and  of  the  friends  of  freedom  in  Europe,  that 
the  government  shall  prosecute  this  war  with  the  utmost  vigor,  and  with 
all  the  means  God  and  nature  have  put  into  our  hands." 

Repeated  cheers  were  given  for  the  New  York  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  for  the  Yale  College  alumni  who  adopted  the 
principle  of  their  resolutions  at  their  meetings  the  same  week, 
and   for   other   bodies   in   sympathy.     Mr.    Richardson    sus- 
tained the  resolutions  at  length,  and  with  great  force.     His 
remarks  were  responded  to  with  enthusiasm  by  the  immense 
audience.     The  applause  was  like  the  "voice  of  many  waters." 
Hon.    Amasa  Walker,  of  North  Brookfield,  who  fortunately 
was  in  the  city,  was  called  out,  and  spoke  briefly  and   with 
energy.     This  was  a  slaveholders'  rebellion.     We  must  strike 
the   slaveholders.     The  president  was  patriotic  and  firm   in 
purpose,  and  only  wanted  an  intelligent  public  sentiment  on 
which  he  could  rest.     He  urged  the  immediate  organization 
of  the  whole  militia  force  of  the  commonwealth.     His   sue:- 
gestions   were   applauded    to    the   echo.     Hon.  William   W. 
Rice  was  next  brought  forward,  and  began   by  making  appro- 
priate reference  to  the  first  of  August  as  the  anniversary  of 
British  emancipation  in  the  West  Indies.     The  people  ought 
to  speak  to  the  president  to  use  every  means  in  his  power  in 
carrying  on  the  war,  by  emancipating,  arming,  or   otherwise 
employing  the  four  million   bondmen  to  aid  in   subduing  their 
rebel   masters,  when   the   great   work   might   be   easily  and 
quickly  done.      Hon.  Rejoice  Newton  appealed  to  the  young 
men  to   do  their  duty.     He  was  born  in  the   revolution,  and 
could  speak  from  personal  knowledge  of  the  great  advantage 


136  WORCESTER   IN   THE    WAR. 

accruing  in  after  life  to  all  who  were  engaged  in  that  strug- 
gle. So  would  it  be  in  the  future.  Those  who  engaged  man- 
fully in  the  war  for  freedom  would  be  held  in  esteem  and 
honor.  Mr.  John  McCombe  was  introduced  as  a  young 
mechanic,  and  made  an  earnest  plea  in  favor  of  the  president's 
pursuing  a  right  policy,  by  employing  on  our  side  the  really 
loyal  men  in  the  slaveholding  states  who  are  longing  to  aid 
in  putting  down  the  rebellion  of  their  masters.  Dr.  Hill  in 
making  the  closing  speech,  reminded  the  young  men  of  the 
high  privilege  afforded  them  of  living  and  acting  manfully  in 
so  important  an  era.  The  memory  of  noble  deeds  manfully 
done  now,  in  the  service  of  the  country,  would  be  forever 
cherished  as  among  the  holiest  and  most  satisfactory  recollec- 
tions of  a  lifetime. 

Mr.  Osgood  Collester  sang  :  "  We're  coming  Father  Abra- 
ham, "  &c.,  with  good  effect,  which  was  followed  with  stirring 
cheers  for  "  Father  Abraham,"  and  also  for  the  "  three  hun- 
dred thousand  more "  who  were  "  coming. "  The  ladies 
joined  in  the  unanimous  vote  by  which  the  resolutions  were 
passed. 

A  meeting  to  aid  in  forming  a  new  military  company  was 
largely  attended  in  Brinley  Hall,  on  the  fourth  of  August, 
and  was  very  spirited.  A  committee  was  chosen  to  carry  out 
the  objects  of  the  meeting. 

Colonel  Calvin  E.  Pratt,  formerly  of  this  city,  but  at  the 
time  an  officer  in  one  of  the  New  York  regiments,  being  in 
town,  was  called  into  service,  and  addressed  one  of  the 
largest  meetings  of  the  season  in  Mechanics  Hall,  on  the 
ninth.  Mayor  Aldrich  presiding.  He  was  followed  by  Captain 
Cornelius  G.  Attwood  and  Major  McCafferty.  Spirited  ad- 
dresses from  men  who  bore  the  marks  of  hard  fighting,  were 
very  effective. 

The  Thirty-fourth  Regiment  was  authorized  by  gene- 
ral orders,  dated  May  29,  to  be  recruited  from  the  five  west- 
ern counties  of  the  state,  and  by  special  orders  dated  June  3, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  William   S.  Lincoln  was  ordered  to  open 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR   AT    HOME,  1 37 

"Camp  John  E.  Wool,"  on  the  Agricultural  Grounds.  The 
nucleus  of  the  regiment  went  into  camp  on  the  sixteenth  of 
June,  as  already  stated.  On  the  eleventh  of  July,  George  D. 
Wells,  of  Boston,  then  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  First  Mas- 
sachusetts Infantry,  was  commissioned  as  colonel.  Cap- 
tain Henry  Bowman  of  the  Fifteenth,  who  had  returned  from 
prison  in  Richmond,  received  the  appointment  of  major. 

A  flag  was  presented  to  the  regiment  by  the  ladies  of  Wor- 
cester, on  the  eleventh,  in  a  speech  by  Colonel  Bullock.  A 
brief  passage  is  taken,  as  it  bears  on  the  subject  which 
weighed  heavily  at  the  time  on  the  hearts  of  all  the  freedom- 
loving  people  of  the  land. 

We  hail  the  assurances  that  come  from  the  capital,  tliat  the  government 
and  the  people  begin  to  think  ahke.  The  government  is  in  earnest  in  the 
war.  [The  president  had  just  called  for  a  large  addition  to  the  troops, 
and  was  meditating  the  emancipation  proclamation.]  The  government  is 
resolved  that  henceforth  whatever  obstacles  stand  in  the  way  of  the  unity 
of  this  people,  whether  they  be  batteries  of  cannon,  or  barricades  of  plan- 
tations, they  must  be  and  they  shall  be  swept  away.  As  slavery  idealizes, 
vitaHzes,  intensifies  the  armies  of  the  South,  so  let  freedom  idealize,  vital- 
ize, intensify  the  armies  of  the  North.  (Cries  of  "  that's  the  talk.")  To  re- 
nationalize  the  liberty  of  the  Constitution  I  understand  to  be  one  of  the 
inevitable  accompaniments  of  this  war." 

Colonel  Wells  made  an  appropriate  response,  and  was  fol- 
lowed by  Judge  Thomas  Russell,  who,  in  behalf  of  the  Boston 
bar,  presented  a  horse  to  the  colonel,  in  one  of  his  happy 
and  forcible  speeches. 

A  new  enrollment  was  made  at  this  time,  in  consequence 
of  the  call  of  the  president  for  more  troops,  and  to  guide  in 
filling  the  ranks. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  August,  the  regiment  being  in  full 
ranks,  one  thousand  and  fifteen  strong,  left  Worcester  with 
the  profound  sympathy  not  only  of  those  who  had  personal 
friends  in  the  companies,  but  of  all  the  citizens.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the 

Field  and  Staff  Officers. 
Colonel,  George  D.  Wells, 

Lieutenant-Colonel,        William  S.  Lincoln, 


138  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

Major,  Henry  Bowman, 

Surgeon,  RowsE  R.  Clarke, 

Assistatti  Surgeon,        Cyrus  B.  Smith, 

„  „  William  Thorndike, 

Chaplain,  Edwin  B.  Fairchild. 

Officers  of  the  Line.* 
Captains,  —  Harrison  W.  Pratt,  William  C.   Bacon,  Dexter  F.  Parker, 
Alonzo  D.  Pratt,  Henry  P.  Fox,  Frank  T.  Leach,  Alexis  C.  Soley. 

First  Lieutenants,  —  Samuel  F.  Woods,  John  A.  Lovell,  George  B. 
Macomber,  Albert  C.  Walker,  William  L.  Cobb. 

Second  Lieutenants,  —  Levi  Lincoln,  Jr.,  Henry  Bacon,  George  Good- 
rich, Malcolm  Ammidown,  John  W.  Stiles. 

The  Third  Battalion  Rifles  voted,  on  the  sixteenth,  to  go  to 
the  war  as  nine  months'  militia.  A  spirited  meeting  was  held 
at  Sons  of  Temperance  Hall,  Mayor  Aldrich  in  the  chair, 
and  John  D.  Baldwin,  secretary.  Speeches  were  made  by 
Rev.  Messrs.  Higginson  and  Richardson.  Mr.  Higginson 
drilled  the  young  soldiers. 

Another  war  meeting  was  held  in  Mechanics  Hall  on  the 
twenty-second  of  August.  Hon.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton  presided. 
Addresses  were  made  by  the  chairman,  Dr.  Hill,  John 
McCombe,  a  colored  man  named  Jackson,  T.  W.  Higginson 
and  Rev.  Mr.  Souther.  The  meeting  voted  to  recommend  to 
the  city  council  to  offer  a  bounty  of  one  hundred  dollars  to 
each  volunteer  under  the  last  call,  and  passed  the  follow- 
ing  resolution  ;  — 

'■'■Resolved,  That  God  in  his  providence,  has  brought  this  nation  to  the 
point  where  duty  and  inteiest  combine  in  indicating  emancipation  as  the 
only  policy  through  which  we  can  secure  present  victory  and  future 
peace." 

The  city  council  subsequently  offered  a  bounty  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars  to  each  volunteer  to  make  up  the  quota  of  Wor- 
cester, and  applied  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose 
unanimously. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Pinkham  offered  to  reserve  the  places  of  all  his 
clerks  who  would  volunteer  for  nine  months,  and  to  give  them 
each  ten  dollars  a  month  while  in  the  service. 

*  Belonging  to  Worcester  city  or  county. 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR   AT    HOME.  1 39 

On  the  twenty-seventh  the  merchants  voted  to  close  stores 
at  three  o'clock,  p.m.,  until  the  first  of  September,  and  give 
attention  to  raising  soldiers.  In  accordance  with  this  arrange- 
ment, meetings  were  held  from  day  to  day,  which  were  ad- 
dressed by  Messrs.  S.  R.  Heywood,  M.  Richardson,  T.  W. 
Higginson,  Ivers  Phillips,  General  Corcoran,  Mayor  Aldrich, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague,  ( "  pale  and  weak,  but  full  of 
spirit," )  Colonel  Bullock,  Colonel  Davis,  and  Private  Hodg- 
kins.  At  one  meeting  the  city  council  was  advised  to  offer  a 
bounty  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars,  and  all  agreed 
to  keep  the  places  of  those  in  their  employ  open  for  them  on 
their  return.  A  schoolmistress  offered  five  dollars  each  to 
the  first  five  volunteers. 

The  Thirty-sixth  Regiment  was  recruited  in  this  city, 
and  placed  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Bowman,  pre- 
viously captain  in  the  Fifteenth,  and  major  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Regiment.  On  the  twenty-second  of  August  he  was 
appointed  colonel  of  the  Thirty-sixth,  and  immediately  pre- 
pared for  departure.  By  the  third  day  of  September  the 
regiment  was  in  readiness  to  take  the  field.  Colors  were 
presented  to  the  regiment  by  Mayor  Aldrich  in  a  pertinent 
speech.  The  colonel  made  a  suitable  reply,  and  the  regiment 
left  for  Boston,  with  the  hearty  sympathy  of  the  people.  At 
Boston  it  embarked  on  board  the  steamer  Merrimac,  and 
arrived  at  Washington  on  the  eleventh  of  the  month,  where 
it  received  orders  to  join  General  Burnside's  army.  The 
names  of  the  field  and  staff,  and  also  of  the  line  offfcers  be- 
longing to  the  county  here  follow. 

Colonel,  Henry  Bowman, 

Lic7itenant-Colonel,        John  B.  Norton, 
Major,  James  H.  Barker, 

Surgeon,  James  P.  Prince, 

Assistant  Surgeon,         Thomas  C.  Lanton, 

"  "  Warren  Tyler, 

Chaplain,  Charles  T.  Canfield, 

Assistant  Surgeon,         Albert  H.  Bryant. 
Captai7is, —  William   F.    Draper,    Arthur    A.    Goodell,    Thaddeus    L. 
Barker,  Christopher  Sawyer,  Amos  BufFum,  S.  Henry  Bailey. 


140  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

First  Lieutenants,  —  Francis  B.  Rice,  Otis  W.  Holmes,  Joseph  W. 
Gird,  Austin  Davis,  Edwin  A.  Morse,  Levi  N.  Smitli,  George  L.  Cliip- 
man,  Edward  T.  Raymond,  T.  Sibley  Heald. 

Second  Lieutenants,  —  Augustus  S.  Tuttle,  Henry  W.  Daniels,  Julius 
M.  Tucker,  Henry  S.  Robinson,  John  C.  Cutter,  Edward  A.  Brown, 
Wilder  S.  Holbrook,  William  E.  Shaw,  Frederic  A.  Bible}',  Joseph  A 
Marshall. 

Camp  Wool,  under  command  of  Colonel  Ward,  was  occu- 
pied by  the  companies  of  Captains  T.  W.  Higginson,  John 
S.  Baldwin,  Wheeler  and  Kimball,  on  the  fifteenth  of  Sep- 
tember. The  evening  witnessed  another  war  meeting  in  the 
City  Hall  to  aid  in  the  filling  up  of  the  regiment,  ex-Mayor 
Rice  in  the  chair.  The  next  day  Captains  Powers,  Prouty, 
Wood  and  Stiles  reported  their  companies.  The  colored  peo- 
ple of  the  city  engaged  earnestly  in  enlisting  for  Gover- 
nor Sprague's  Rhode-Island  regiment.  Presentations  of  war- 
like articles  were  made  to  Captain  Higginson  and  Captain 
Baldwin,  by  their  friends. 

The  battle  of  Antietam  had  now  been  fought,  one  conse- 
quence of  which  was  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln. .  This  great  measure  had  been  ardently  desired 
by  the  citizens  of  Worcester,  and  it  was  received  with  lively 
demonstrations  of  joy,  when  it  came  on  the  twenty-third  of 
September.  The  general  feeling  was  expressed  in  a  resolu- 
tion passed  by  the  republican  convention  of  the  Eighth  Con- 
gressional District,  held  in  Worcester  on  the  ninth  of  October, 
when  the  Hon.  John  D.  Baldwin  was  nominated  for  Congress. 
This  was  the  resolution  :  — 

'■'•Resolved,  That  this  convention  cordially  support  the  president  of  the 
United  States,  and  all  branches  of  the  federal  government,  in  their  efforts 
to  perpetuate  the  unity  of  the  republic,  and  to  crush  this  unhallowed 
rebellion,  the  success  of  which  would  destroy  for  centuries  to  come,  peace 
and  prosperity  upon  the  North-American  continent,  and  hopes  of  liberty 
in  the  world ;  and  that  while  we  have  ever  recognized  the  firmness, 
moderation,  patience  and  wisdom  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  so  many  other 
measures  of  his  administration,  we  especially  commemorate,  with  thanks- 
giving to  God,  the  great  act  of  statesmanship  and  military  polic}-,  as  well 
as  of  justice  and  humanity,  by  which  four  millions  of  slaves  will  speedily 
be  converted  into  free  men  ;  a  measure  which  makes  the  doom  of  slavery 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR    AT    HOME.  I4I 

inevitable,  and  assures  the  loyal  people  of  the  United  States  that  the  infa- 
mous institution  from  which  all  our  woes  have  sprung,  will  perish  with  the 
rebellion  of  which  it  was  the  only  cause." 

On  the  thirteenth  of  October  it  was  announced  in  the  Spy 
that  the  quota  of  Worcester  was  more  than  full.  Mr.  Smith, 
the  city  clerk,  by  indefatigable  search,  had  found  more  than 
one  hundred  and  thirty  names  of  men  belonging  here  who 
were  in  regiments  of  other  states ;  for  which  service  he 
received  the  thanks  of  the  city  through  the  city  authorities. 

An  immense  meeting  was  held  in  Mechanics  Hall,  on  the 
seventeenth,  to  hear  Hon.  Charles  Sumner  on  the  topics  of 
the  hour.  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock  presided,  with  a  hundred  vice- 
presidents  selected  from  the  most  prominent  names  of  the 
city  and  vicinity.  Mr.  Sumner  spoke  nearly  two  hours,  indi- 
cating the  policy  of  freedom,  and  *'  was  listened  to  with  pro- 
found and  earnest  attention.  The  meeting  was  a  triumph. 
Nothing  like  it  had  been  seen  in  Worcester  for  many  years. 
No  one  could  doubt  the  strength  of  the  popular  faith  in 
Charles  Sumner." 

Another  great  meeting  was  held  on  the  last  day  of  October, 
with  Mayor  Aldrich  in  the  chair,  supported  by  one  hundred 
vice-presidents.  The  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock  gave  one  of 
his  ablest  addresses,  which  was  received  with  much  enthu- 
siasm. The  following  is  the  closing  paragraph  of  a  speech 
strong  in  thought,  and  ablaze  with  patriotic  fire. 

• "  Our  armies  are  about  to  march  in  new  force  upon  the  rebellion,  and 
they  should  be  supported  by  the  unchangeable  devotion  of  the  people. 
The  door  of  peace  now  lies  open  only  through  earnest  war  culminating  in 
victory,  or  through  separation,  submission  and  humiliation  such  as  no 
people  since  the  world  began  has  been  called  to  taste.  War,  then,  ear- 
nest, blazing  war,  should  be  the  universal  impulse,  the  universal  judgment. 
Standing  as  we  do  between  our  own  living  and  dead,  between  reverse  and 
victor}',  with  certain  victory  and  certain  glory  before  us,  if  we  firmly  up- 
hold the  government,  not  a  ripple  in  the  forest  should  whisper  peace,  not 
a  ripple  on  the  farthest  shore." 

The  Fifty-first  Regiment  had  been  gathering  itself  to- 
gether in  the  months  of  autumn,  and  was  about  ready  to 
leave  on  its  nine  months'  mission  of  duty.     On  the  twenty- 


142  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

fourth  of  November  a  flag  was  presented  to  it  by  five  little 
girls  representing  the  ladies  of  Worcester.  Colonel  Sprague 
in  receiving  it,  said  the  ladies  of  Worcester  had  entrusted  to 
their  care  this  beautiful  flag  fresh  from  the  hands  of  innocence 
and  purity,  and  it  was  not  unvv^orthily  bestowed.  He  then 
called  for  cheers  for  the  stars  and  strips,  and  cheers  for  the 
ladies,  which  were  heartily  gi'/en.  The  next  day  the  regi- 
ment left  for  Boston.  The  streets  were  thronged  with  people 
who  felt  the  deepest  personal  and  patriotic  interest  in  its  wel- 
fare. At  Boston  the  regiment  embarked  on  board  transports 
and  proceeded  to  Newbern,  N.  C,  with  orders  to  report  to 
Major-General  Foster.  The  Fifty-first  was  a  Worcester- 
county  regiment,  and  was  recruited  at  Camp  Wool,  under 
command  of  Colonel  Ward.  Lieutenant-Colonel  A.  B.  R. 
Sprague  was  chosen  colonel,  having  seen  service  in  the  Third 
Battalion,  and  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Twenty-fifth,  and 
having  distinguished  himself  at  Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern. 

Field  and  Staff  Officers  of  the   Fifty-first  Regiment. 
Colonel,  Augustus  B.  R.  Sprague, 

Lieutenant-Colonel,    John  M.  Studley, 
Major,  Elijah  A.  Harkness, 

Adjutant,  J.  Stewart  Brown, 

Quarter-master,         Benjamin  D.  Dwinnell, 
Surgeon,  George  Jewett, 

Assistant-Surgeon,     I.  Homer  Darling, 

"  "  Paul  C.  Garvin, 

Chaplain,  Gilbert  Cummings. 

Officers  of  the  Line. 
Captains,  —  John   S.   Baldwin,  Edwin  A.  Wood,  William  F.  Wheeler, 
Thomas  D.  Kimball,  William  Hunt,  Daniel  W.  Kimball,  Horace   Hobbs, 
George  Bascom,  George  W.  Prouty. 

First  Lietitenants,  —  John  B.  Goodell,  Charles  H.  *  Peck,  John  W. 
Sanderson,  Charles  P.  Winslow,  Charles  Otis  Storrs,  Morcena  B.  White, 
Harrison  T.  Bradish,  Joel  H.  Howe,  Francis  W.  Adams,  Luther 
Capron,  Jr. 

Second  Lieutenants,  —  Luther  H.  Bigelow,  Samuel  S.  Eddy,  Calvin  N. 
Harrington,  George  F.  Jourdain,  Silas  S.  Joy,  Jacob  M.  Baker,  Horace 
N.  Coleman,  George  W.  Dodd,  Joel  H.  Prouty,  Lucius  M.  Thayer. 

Thus  had  Worcester  sent  forth  more  than  her  quota,  to 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR    AT    HOME.  I43 

suffer,  to  fight,  and  if  need  be,  to  die  in  the  "  high  places  of 
the  field."  Soldiers  in  six  regiments,  in  large  numbers,  were 
her  representatives  in  different  parts  of  the  land.  Three  of 
these  regiments  had  been  sent  forward  in  the  second  half  of 
the  year.  Some  of  her  brave  sons  had  fallen,  but  others  had 
sprung  to  fill  their  place.  With  sadness,  yet  with  thanks- 
giving, the  citizens  were  drawing  near  the  close  of  the  season, 
and  the  annual  festival  of  gratitude  was  felt  to  be  opportune 
in  view  of  the  blessings  vouchsafed  by  a  beneficent  provi- 
dence. 

Thursday,  November  28,  was  the  day  designated  by  the 
governor  for  the  annual  Thanksgiving.  The  day  was  sol- 
emnly and  cheerfully  observed,  in  the  sanctuary  and  at  home. 
The  only  sermon  reported  in  the  papers,  was  that  of  Mr. 
Richardson,  of  the  Salem-Street  Church.  He  answered  the 
question  :  "  What  constitutes  a  strong  government  .-*  "  Pass- 
ing by  the  substance  of  the  discourse,  the  closing  paragraph 
may  be  taken  as  expressive  of  the  feeling  which  found  utter- 
ance in  all  our  pulpits  on  that  sacred  day.  "  Around  the  fes- 
tive boards  to-day,  how  many  thousand  tearful  eyes  will  turn 
to  vacancies  that  will  no  more  be  filled  !  And  to  others,  with 
hope,  not  unmingled  with  fear !  The  dead  shall  be  held  in 
grateful  remembrance ;  the  absent  remembered  in  expres- 
sions of  love.  Before  another  Thanksgiving,  may  this  war 
be  ended,  our  friends  returned,  and  peace  with  its  voice  of 
gladness,  be  heard  throughout  the  land  ;  the  nation  made 
one  in  its  love  of  freedon,  strong  in  all  the  elements  of  a 
great  people,  —  to  inherit  the  land  forever,  according  to  God's 
promise  to  every  righteous  nation." 

The  following  "  Army  Hymn,"  written  by  Dr.  O.  W. 
Holmes,  will  be  pleasantly  remembered  by  many,  as  having 
been  the  prayer  of  their  hearts  in  the  days  of  sacrifice  and 
heroic  devotion. 


"  God  of  all  nations.  Sovereign  Lord, 
In  thy  dread  name  we  draw  the  sword, 
We  lift  the  starry  flag  on  high, 
That  fills  with  light  our  stormy  sky. 


144  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Wake  in  our  breasts  the  living  fires, 
The  holy  faith  that  warmed  our  sires  : 
Thy  hand  hath  made  our  nation  free  ; 
To  die  for  her  is  serving  thee. 

From  blasts  that  chill,  from  suns  that  smite, 
From  every  plague  that  harms, 
In  camp,  and  march,  in  siege  and  fight, 
Protect  our  men  at  arms." 

Uncommon  interest  attended  the  annual  election  on  the 
fifth  of  November.  The  issues  were  both  personal  and 
national.  The  election  of  members  to  the  legislature  turned 
on  the  question  of  United-States  senator,  in  place  of  Hon. 
Charles  Sumner.  But  Mr.  Sumner's  election  was  a  matter 
of  national  concern,  because  that  would  be  an  endorsement  of 
the  president's  policy  of  emancipation.  Governor  Andrew 
was  re-elected  by  a  large  majority.  The  legislature  was 
almost  unanimously  republican,  and  friendly  to  Mr.  Sumner. 
Hon.  Hartley  Williams  of  this  city,  was  again  sent  to  the 
Senate.  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Souther,  were 
re-elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  following 
were  sent  as'  new  members,  viz.,  Messrs.  Warren,  Williams, 
Vernon  Ladd,  and  'E.  G.  Warren.  All  except  Mr.  Ladd  were 
republicans.  At  the  same  time,  the  Hon.  John  D.  Baldwin 
was  elected  representative  of  the  eighth  district  in  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States,  by  a  large  majority. 

The  lines  which  follow  bear  the  signature  of  "  Stella." 
They  were  printed  in  the  Palladium  of  November  6,  1862, 
and  are  republished  here  because  they  finely  express  the 
feelings  which  filled  the  hearts  of  many  mothers  at  that  time, 
whose  sons  had  been  sent  forth  in  "  blue  and  gold." 

"BLUE  AND   GOLD." 
She  has  written  a  mighty  poem. 

And  'tis  published  in  "  blue  and  gold ;  " 
And  the  shelf  of  books  is  not  complete 

That  does  not  its  treasures  unfold. 

Men  talk  of  the  wonderful  genius 

That  produced  this  powerful  book ; 
And  their  praise  rings  loud  through  the  nation, 

Not  a  line  do  they  overlook. 


SECOND    YEAR    OF    THE    WAR    AT    HOME.  145 

And  /  have  published  my  poem, 

And  'tis  gone  out  in  "  blue  and  gold," 
With  others,  oh,  so  many  thousands, 

Their  number  can  never  be  told. 

'Twas  filled  with  my  heart's  aspirations ; 

'Twas  wet  with  a  fond  mother's  tears  ; 
But  I  let  it  go  for  my  country, 

And  I  try  to  stifle  my  fears. 

I  pray  to  God  in  the  morning. 

To  still  keep  its  pages  fair, 
And  He  answers  me  with  a  promise 

To  preserve  it  in  His  own  care. 

And  thus  has  my  cherished  poem 

Gone  into  the  wide  world  so  cold ; 
And  none  but  the  Father  of  Mercies 

Can  shelter  my  "  blue  and  gold." 


146  WORCESTER  IN   THE  WAR. 


CHAPTER   VIII. 

SECOND     YEAR    IN     THE     FIELD. 

The  whole  country  had  been  rapidly  learning  during  the 
year  1861.  The  South,  which  entered  into  the  rebellion  with 
the  hope  that  the  government  would  be  revolutionized,  and 
made  completely  and  forever  subservient  to  slavery,  without 
much  resistance  from  the  North,  was  rudely  awakened  from 
that  vain  dream.  The  North,  which  expected  to  subdue  the 
rebellion  in  "  sixty  days, "  or  in  a  few  months'  warfare,  at 
most,  found  itself  engaged  in  a  terrible  war,  the  end  of  which 
could  not  be  foreseen.  On  the  whole,  however,  the  advan- 
tage was  on  the  side  of  the  loyal  section,  though  it  had  met 
with  severe  and  mortifying  defeats.  The  South  was  forced 
to  admit  the  fact  that  independence  or  revolution  was  to  be 
achieved  only  after  an  exhausting  contest.  Leaders  and  peo- 
ple had  learned  that  the  people  of  the  North  would  rally 
almost  as  one  man,  to  maintain  the  unity  and  integrity  of  the 
government,  and  they  began  to  foresee  that  slavery  would  be 
overthrown  as  the  result  of  the  war. 

The  North,  though  defeated  at  Bull  Run,  and  filled  with 
shame,  was  made  the  more  determined  by  that  disastrous 
fight,  to  carry  on  the  conflict.  The  affair  at  Ball's  Bluff  re- 
vealed the  cool  daring  and  heroic  spirit  of  the  loyal  troops. 
Maryland  had  been  held  in  check,  and  Washington,  which  at 
one  time  was  in  imminent  peril,  had  been  kept  from  the  pos- 
session of  the  enemy.  McClellan  and  Rosecrans  had  run  a 
brilliant  career  in  West  Virginia,  and  in  the  West.  Lyon 
had  saved  St.  Louis,  and  by  his  discretion,  courage  and  light- 
ning-like swiftness,  had  baffled  the  conspirators  in  Missouri, 
while  Fremont  had  organized  a  campaign  promising  grand 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  I47 

results,  and  Grant  had  given  the  country  a  taste  of  his  quahty 
at  Belmont. 

At  the  beginning  of  1862,  Massachusetts  had  her  full  quota 
in  the  field.  The  three  regiments  from  Worcester  and  its 
vicinity,  were  considered  among  the  best  in  the  service.  The 
quality  of  one  of  these  had  already  been  tried,  and  proved  to 
be  true  as  steel.  The  others  were  ready  for  whatever  fate 
might  befall  them  while  upholding  the  government.  It  is  the 
design  of  this  chapter  to  give  a  history  of  these  three  regi- 
ments, and  of  the  other  three  that  were  organized  in  the 
course  of  the  year.  Convenience  will  be  consulted  by  divi- 
ding the  chapter  into  sections. 

Section  I.  —  The  Fn^TEETsrxH  Regiment. 
This'  regiment  remained  at  Poolsville  until  the  twenty-fifth 
of  February.  According  to  the  official  report  of  the  regi- 
ment, "  Nothing  worthy  of  note  occurred  after  the  battle. " 
During  the  fall  and  winter  many  recruits  were  received  from 
the  state,  raising  the  aggregate  to  nine  hundred  and  three,  on 
the  twenty-fourth.  Two  days  later  the  regiment  reached 
Adamstown,  whence  the  troops  were  taken  by  rail  to  Harper's 
Ferry.  Here  they  were  quartered  till  March  2,  when,  one 
company  being  left  on  provost-guard  duty,  they  marched  to 
Bolivar  Heights.  On  the  seventh,  the  line  of  march  was  taken 
up  to  Charlestown  ;  and  on  the  tenth,  to  Berryville,  thirteen 
miles  farther  up  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  Here  traces 
of  the  enemy  were  discovered,  and  their  cavalry  were  driven 
from  the  town  by  our  advance.  "  One  company,  deployed 
as  skirmishers,  exchanged  shots  with  the  enemy, "  but 
incurred  no  loss.  On  the  fifteenth,  the  regiment  was  back 
again  on  the  heights  at  Bolivar,  where  it  remained  a  week, 
waiting  for  orders.  The  troops  left  Harper's  Ferry  for 
Washington,  by  rail,  on  the  twenty-second,  and  arrived  late 
at  night.  They  were  quartered  in  barracks  near  the  Capitol. 
The  next  day  but  one  they  were  in  Alexandria,  where,  five 
days  later,  amid  cold  and  storm,  they  embarked  on  board 
transport  steamers,  and  sailed  for  Hampton,  Virginia. 


14^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  regiment  went  into  camp  near  Hampton  on  the  first 
day  of  April,  where  it  remained  three  days.  On  the  fourth, 
the  march  commenced  up  the  Peninsula.  The  first  halt  was 
at  Big  Bethel,  the  second  at  an  estate  of  a  Mr.  Bowers,  which 
was  named  "  Camp  Misery,"  a  "  name,"  says  Colonel  Kimball, 
"  entirely  in  keeping  with  the  condition  of  the  camp,  which  by 
a  long  rain  storm  was  made  truly  miserable."  From  this 
place  to  Yorktown  the  progress  was  slow,  as  the  enemy  was 
in  force  and  strongly  entrenched.  The  soldiers  were  obliged 
to  fell  trees  and  make  roads  for  the  artillery  and  the  trains. 
On  the  eleventh  the  regiment  was  moved  forward  to  within 
a  mile  of  the  enemy's  works  ;  and  soon  still  nearer,  where  a 
permanent  camp  named  after  General  Scott  was  established. 
Picket  duty,  supporting  the  artillery,  raising  earthworks,  etc., 
kept  the  soldiers  actively  engaged  until  the  evacuation  of 
Yorktown.  But  one  casualty  occurred, —  Lieutenant  Hall 
was  wounded  by  a  piece  of  shell,  —  though  the  regiment  was 
often  under  artillery  fire.  During  this  siege  the  company  of 
Andrew  Sharpshooters,  under  Captain  John  Saunders,  was 
attached  to  the  regiment,  and  Colonel  Devens  took  his  leave, 
with  the  good  will  and  admiration  of  all  his  command,  hav- 
ing been  appointed  brigadier-general.  As  Colonel  Ward  was 
still  prevented  from  taking  the  field,  owing  to  the  loss  of  his 
leg  at  Ball's  Bluff,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Kimball  immediately 
assumed  command. 

On  the  fourth  of  May  the  enemy  evacuated  Yorktown, 
and  the  Fifteenth  was  one  of  the  first  regiments  to  enter  the 
fortifications.  On  the  sixth,  the  troops  embarked  for  West 
Point,  and  arrived  there  early  next  morning,  in  time  to  rein- 
force General  Franklin  who  was  engaged  with  the  enemy  ;  but 
they  were  not  called  into  action,  and  suffered  no  loss.  On 
the  ninth,  they  encamped  on  a  plantation  known  as  "  Camp 
Eltham."  Preparations  were  now  made  for  the  march 
towards  Richmond,  and  on  the  fifteenth,  they  reached  Aus- 
tin's Church,  where  foul  weather  and  muddy  roads  detained 
them  until  the  eighteenth,  when  they  moved  three  miles 
towards  the  now  famous  Chickahominy  River,  and  encamped 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  I49 

in  a  large  field  of  grain  near  Mayo's  house.  Tiiey  were  near 
Bottom's  Bridge  on  the  twenty-first  of  May.  The  heat  was 
intense,  and  for  "  want  of  proper  rest,  many  of  the  men  fell 
out  from  the  ranks  in  an  exhausted  condition.  Some  were 
affected  witli  sun-stroke,  but  none  died  in  consequence." 
The  time  had  now  come  for  the  stern  encounter  of  battle. 
The  story  shall  be  told  in  the  words  of  the  gallant  officer  in 
command,  Colonel  Kimball. 

"Early  in  the  afternoon  of  May  31,  rapid  and  heavy  firing  was  heard, 
distinctly  heard,  from  across  the  river.  The  troops  under  General  Sum- 
ner, including  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  were  immediately  under  arms,  and 
marched  to  the  assistance  of  General  Casey.  Crossing  the  river  on  a 
bridge  of  logs,  called  Sumner's  Grapevine  Bridge,  the  column  advanced 
about  two  miles,  and  formed  near  Fair  Oaks  Station,  in  anticipation  of  an 
attack.  The  regiment  had  barely  time  to  load  before  the  battle,  which 
raged  fiercely  until  after  dark,  began.  The  first  position  taken  by  the 
Fifteenth  Regiment  was  in  support  of  a  battery  of  light  artillery,  com- 
manded by  Lieutenant  Kirby  of  the  regular  service,  which  was  playing 
with  great  effect  on  the  concealed  enemy.  This  position  was  trying  to 
the  men,  in  the  extreme  ;  as  but  a  small  portion  were  engaged,  the  balance 
could  only  stand  firmly  before  the  storm  of  bullets,  to  resist  the  charge, 
should  one  be  attempted.  Three  times  did  the  foe,  flushed  with  the  vic- 
tory of  the  morning,  and  confident  of  success,  rush  upon  the  battery 
almost  to  the  cannon's  mouth,  but  each  time  were  driven  back  in  disorder, 
leaving  many  brave  men  within  a  few  yards  of  our  bayonets.  Before  they 
could  rally  from  this  terrible  fire  of  canister  and  musketry,  a  charge  upon 
them  was  ordered.  With  wild  shouts  and  cheers,  the  unwavering  line  ad- 
vanced into  the  almost  impenetrable  thicket,  but  the  enemy  had  fled  ; 
their  dead  and  wounded  alone  were  left,  the  evidences  of  a  glorious  vic- 
tory. That  night  the  troops  rested  upon  their  arms,  on  the  battle-field, 
the  horrors  of  which  were  made  doubly  revolting  by  the  unceasing  groans 
of  the  wounded." 

In  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  above  referred  to,  the  regiment 
met  with  a  loss  of  five  killed  and  seventeen  wounded.  The 
battle-field  became  a  permanent  camp,  where  behind  a  breast- 
work of  logs  the  regiment  awaited  the  enemy  many  weary 
days,  through  the  month  of  June,  expecting  an  attack,  night 
and  day.  The  duty  was  severe,  including  slashing  timber, 
building  fortifications,  fatigue  and  picket  duty  ;  the  men  at 
the  same  time  engaging  in   skirmishes  which  were  frequent, 


150  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and   suffering  much  from  sickness  incidental  to  the  climate. 
Some  died,  and  many  were  sent  to  general  hospitals.     June 
28  and    29,  the  regiment  was  under  fire,  moving  from    one 
position    to  another   in   support  of  troops    engaged,   but  no 
serious  casualties  occurred.     Throughout  the  entire  day,  the 
troops  were  kept  busily  at   work,  destroying  ordnance  stores 
prior  to  abandoning  the  post,  and  when  that  work  was  done, 
they  awaited  the  approach  of  other  bodies  of  our  army  slowly 
falling   back  from    Fair    Oaks.     At    Savage    Station,  on  the 
evening  of  the  same  day,  occurred  a  severe  fight  in  which  the 
Fifteenth  was  engaged,  and   played  an  important  part,  after 
which  the  troops  were   withdrawn,  and  the  retreat  continued 
to  White  Oak  Swamp  or  Glen  Dale.     The   march  during  the 
night  was  very  exhausting,  and  a  few  of  the  men   falling  out 
of  the  ranks  were   captured,  but  were  soon  paroled   and  ex- 
changed.    In   regard  to  this  movement,  General  Sully,  com- 
mander of  the  brigade,  says  :  "  Here  again,"  —  that  is  on  the 
other  side  of  White  Oak  Swamp,  —  "  we  rested  to  allow  the 
wagon  trains  and  artillery  to  get  out  of  the  way.     The  enemy 
were  soon  upon  us  again,  and  we  were  in  the  battle  of  White 
Oak  Swamp.     While  this  fight  was  going  on,  some  corps  of 
our  army  in  the  rear  and  left  were  driven  back  by  the  enemy, 
and    we  had    to  come    back  about  a  mile    to  their   relief  at 
double-quick  ;  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Nelson's  farm. 
Here  we  succeeded  in  checking  the  enemy  and  keeping  him 
in   check,  till  night  would    allow  us   to  withdraw  and   take   up 
our  line  of  march."     The  regiment  was  not  in  the  battle  of 
Malvern  Hill,  on  the  first  of  July,  though  exposed  at  times  to 
artillery  fire.     The  army  reached  Harrison's  Landing  on  the 
second  of  July,  and  the    Fifteenth    Regiment,  with   its  com- 
peers, found  a  place  of  safety  under  cover  of  the  gunboats. 
The  soldiers  were  worn  out  "by  the  unceasing  fighting  and 
marching  of  the  week."     In  reference  to  these    battles  and 
marches.  General  Sully  says  :  "  The   Fifteenth  was  under  my 
immediate  command,  and  I   can  testify  to  their  gallant  con- 
duct in  battle,  and   the  cheerfulness  with  which  they  endured 
the  extraordinary  fatigue," 


SECOND  YEAR  IN  THE  FIELD.  15I 

The  regiment  was  now  out  of  the  reach  of  the  enemy,  but 
the  severe  heat  was  trying  to  our  men.  Recurring  to  the 
battle  of  the  thirty-first  of  May,  and  to  that  period  in  it  when 
a  charge  was  ordered.  Colonel  Kimball  writes  as  follows  :  — 

"  My  orders  were  promptly  obeyed,  the  men  charging  bayonets  into  the 
woods  with  a  terrible  yell.  I  established  my  line  near  the  edge  of  the 
wood,  throwing  out  pickets  to  the  front.  The  men  rested  upon  their  arms 
until  morning  without  sleep,  ready  and  anxious  to  renew  the  conflict  at 
daybreak  if  necessary.  I  desire  to  remark  that  my  regiment  behaved  with 
great  coolness  and  bravery  during  the  entire  action,  obeying  my  orders  as 
promptly  as  at  dress  parade.  There  was  no  one,  officer  or  private,  that 
showed  any  signs  of  trepidation  or  fear,  but  instead,  a  fl.xed  determination 
of  all  that  their  bayonets  should  drink  deep  of  rebel  blood  before  they 
should  take  the  battery,  which  they  attempted  to  do  three  several  times, 
but  were  repulsed  each  time  with  great  loss.  It  gives  me  great  pleasure 
to  speak  approvingly  of  the  conduct  of  Major  Philbrick,  and  also  of  my 
entire  staff.  Surgeons  Bates  and  Haven  were  indefatigable  in  their 
attendance  upon  the  wounded.  Chaplain  Scandhn  labored  incessantly, 
bringing  the  wounded  from  the  field,  often  exposing  himself  to  imminent 
danger  by  so  doing.  Too  much  praise  cannot  be  awarded  to  Adjutant 
Baldwin,  who  got  up  from  a  sick  bed  against  my  express  wishes,  to  render 
me  what  service  he  could.  He  was  scarcely  able  to  sit  upon  his  horse, 
but  he  remained  with  me  during  the  entire  battle,  conveying  my  orders 
with  great  promptness  and  precision." 

He  also  says  of  the  line  officers,  that  "  their  behavior,  with- 
out exception,  during  this  engagement,  met  with  his  entire 
approbation."  In  relation  to  this  period  of  service,  the  follow- 
ing extract  of  a  private  letter  from  General  Gorman  to 
Governor  Andrew  is  in  place. 

"  Now  that  the  smoke  of  the  battle-field  has  cleared  away,  I  cannot  for- 
bear taking  the  opportunity  to  testify  to  the  gallant,  soldierly  conduct  of 
the  Fifteenth  Regiment  of  your  troo^Ds  in  our  late  contest  —  the  bloodiest 
of  the  war.  It  was  their  fortune  to  be  participants  in  a  real,  not  imagin- 
ary bayonet  charge  made  upon  the  most  intrepid  and  daring  of  the  rebel 
forces,  at  a  critical  moment  for  our  cause.  Most  nobly  and  gallantly  did 
they  honor  themselves  and  their  gallant  state,  and  most  proudly  may  she 
feel  over  them.  With  such  troops  in  the  field,  we  are  invincible,  and  the 
result  of  this  conflict  with  an  unholy  rebellion  cannot  be  doubtful." 

The  testimony  of  Major-General  Sedgwick,  that  accom- 
plished officer  whose  good  opinion  is  fame,  is  similar.     After 


152  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

speaking  of  the  service  and  endurance  in  the  peninsular  cam- 
paign, he  says  of  several  officers,  including  Colonel  Kimball, 
"  Great  credit  is  due  to  these  officers  for  the  splendid  condi- 
tion in  which  their  regiments  took  the  field.  The  Fifteenth 
and  Nineteenth  are  in  my  opinion,  fully  equal  to  any  two  in 
the  service."  In  like  manner.  General  Howard,  whose  record 
is  a  track  of  light,  says  :  "  The  Fifteenth  — and  others  —  are 
regiments  that  your  state  and  our  country  have  reason  to  be 
proud  of.  They  have  won  my  complete  confidence.  I  have 
found  them  well  disciplined,  with  arms  in  good  order,  efficient 
on  outpost  duty,  steady  and  perfectly  reliable  in  action.  For 
myself,  I  state  it  with  perfect  sincerity,  I  ask  no  better 
troops." 

To  resume  the  narrative,  in  the  various  battles  occurring  in 
the  retreat  to  Harrison's  Landing,  the  regiment  lost  eleven 
wounded  and  twenty-six  missing.  Passing  the  hot  month  of 
July,  during  which  the  soldiers  rested,  as  much  as  possible,  a 
reconnoisance  was  made  on  the  fourth  of  August,  but  with 
no  serious  result.  Without  detailing  the  various  moves  in 
leaving  the  James  River  for  Alexandria,  it  is  enough  to  say 
that  the  regiment  left  Newport  News,  whither  it  had 
marched  between  the  fifteenth  and  twenty-second  of  August, 
in  the  steamer  Mississippi,  and  arrived  on  the  twenty-eighth, 
where  it  disembarked,  and  the  next  day  left  for  Chain  Bridge. 
By  this  time  the  tug  of  war  was  near  Washington,  where  Gen- 
eral Pope  was  striving  to  hold  back  the  rebel  hordes  under 
General  Lee.  "The  distant  booming  of  cannon,"  says  Colonel 
Kimball,  "  told  that  a  battle  was  raging,  and  an  order  requiring 
the  division  to  march  immediately  to  Centerville,  was  re- 
ceived at  sunset,  August  29.  "  The  troops  were  weary,  but 
there  was  no  rest  for  them  ;  rather,  a  "  forced  march  of  almost 
the  entire  night,  and  a  portion  of  the  next  day."  They 
reached  Centerville  in  time  to  assist  in  covering  the  back- 
ward movement  of  our  army  towards  Washington, 

Several  days  were  consumed  in  marching  hither  and 
thither,  on  either  side  of  the  Potomac,  till  the  regiment 
reached  the  city  of  Frederic.     On  the  fourteenth  of  Septem- 


SECOND  YEAR  IN  THE  FIELD.  1 53 

ber  they  left  Frederic,  and  reached  South  Mountain  Pass  on 
the  night  of  the  battle  at  that  place,  where  our  forces  had 
driven  the  enemy.  General  McClellan  was  again  in  com- 
mand, and  the  day  of  Antietam  was  near  at  hand.  On  the 
morning  of  the  seventeenth,  the  battle  was  commenced,  and 
at  nine  o'clock  General  Sumner's  corps  was  ordered  to  the 
front,  to  follow  up  successes  already  obtained  by  General 
Hooker's  troops.  The  story  will  be  continued  in  the  words  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Kimball. 

"  A  section  of  the  enemy's  artillery  was  planted  immediately  in  front 
and  not  more  than  six  hundred  yards  distant  from  my  right  wing.  This 
was  twice  silenced  and  driven  back  by  the  fire  of  my  right  concentrated 
upon  it.  The  engagement  lasted  between  twenty  and  thirty  minutes,  my 
line  remaining  unbroken,  the  left  wing  advancing  some  ten  yards  under  a 
most  terrific  fire  of  infantry.  [At  this  time-occurred  one  of  those  blunders 
not  uncommon  in  battle,  by  which  the  regiment  was  exposed  to  a  murder- 
ous fire  from  a  New- York  regiment.  This  was  remedied  by  General 
Sumner  after  our  men  had  suflFered  severely.]  The  enemy  soon  ap- 
peared in  heavy  columns  advancing  on  my  left  and  rear,  pourino-  in 
a  deadly  fire  on  my  left  wing.  We  retired  slowly  and  in  good  or- 
der, bringing  off  our  colors  and  a  battle-flag  captured  from  the  enemy, 
re-forming  by  the  order  of  General  Gorman  in  a  piece  of  woods  some 
five  hundred  yards  to  the  rear,  and  under  cover  of  our  artillery. 
This  position  was  held  until  I  was  ordered  to  support  a  battery,  planted 
upon  the  brow  of  a  hill  immediately  in  our  rear,  the  enemy  having  opened 
again  with  artillery.  This  fire  being  silenced,  the  posFtion  was  held 
throughout  the  day." 

The  commander  goes  on  to  commend  his  officers  and  men 
in  the  highest  terms  of  praise.  The  order  "  forbidding  the 
carrying  wounded  men  to  the  rear  was  fulfilled  to  the  very 
letter. "  The  line  officers  were  all  at  their  posts,  bravely 
urging  on  their  men,  and  equally  exposed  with  them.  Those 
who  were  wounded,  refused  all  assistance,  ordering  their  men 
to  return  to  the  rank  and  do  their  duty.  Major  Philbrick  and 
Adjutant  Hooper  deserved  special  mention  for  coolness  and 
promptitude. 

In  another  report.  Colonel  Kimball  has  these  words  : 

"  It  has  been  the  subject  of  much  remark,  that  troops  never  went  into 
battle  more  cheerfully  than  did  ours  that  morning,  so  confident  were  all  that 


154  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  shattered  enemy  would  be  driven  ere  night  across  the  river.  .  .  .  The 
Fifteenth  was  repulsed  in  common  with  all  other  regiments  attached  to  the 
division.  In  the  history  of  our  state  we  claim  to  be  mentioned  as  having 
fought  a  good  fight,  as  an  evidence  of  which  we  ask  only  that  the  list  of 
casualties  occurring  in  the  regiment  that  day  may  always  be  coupled  with 
the  report  of  the  commanding  officer.  The  record  stands  thus  :  twenty- 
four  officers  and  five  hundred  and  eighty-two  non-commissioned  officers 
and  privates  went  into  the  fight ;  five  officers  were  killed,  six  were 
wounded,  one  of  which  number  has  since  died  ;  sixty  enlisted  men  left 
dead  on  the  field  ;  two  hundred  and  forty-eight  wounded  ;  twenty-four 
missing  ;  total,  three  hundred  and  forty-three  killed,  wounded,  and  miss- 
ing. The  national  and  state  colors,  hardly  to  be  recognized  as  the  same 
once  so  bright  and  beautiful,  were  brought  off  in  safety  by  other  hands 
than  those  who  bore  them  into  the  fight,  together  with  a  battle-flag  of 
the  enemy." 

The  former  commander  of  the  Fifteenth,  General  Devens, 
was  greatly  affected  with  the  fate  of  this  gallant  regiment. 
He  said  of  it,  in  October,  that  "  its  colors  have  now  waved  in 
eight  battles,  its  officers  and  soldiers  have  fallen  about  them 
by  hundreds.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Kimball  is  one  of  the 
bravest,  truest,  kindest  men  God  ever  made  in  his  own 
image."  And  in  his  official  report  to  Governor  Andrew, 
dated  December  20,  1862,  he  refers  again  to  his  old  regiment 
in  terms  of  admiration.  After  stating  that  he  had  been  re- 
moved from  its  command,  by  promotion,  during  the  siege  of 
Yorktown,  he  goes  on  in  these  words  :  "  Since  that  time  it 
has  participated  in  all  the  important  battles  of  Virginia  and 
Maryland,  and  on  all  occasions  it  has  behaved  with  the  most 
distinguished  gallantry  and  determination.  Called  upon  both 
at  Ball's  Bluff  and  at  Antietam,  to  endure  the  terrific  loss  of 
more  than  one  half  of  its  men  engaged,  it  exhibited  a  courage 
and  fidelity  more  than  worthy  of  veteran  troops,  for  it  was 
worthy  of  the  holy  cause  which  had  drawn  its  men  from  their 
peaceful  homes.  " 

In  closing  the  account  of  the  part  acted  by  his  regiment  at 
Antietam,  Colonel  Kimball  says  that  almost  all  the  wounded 
were  found  in  and  about  a  barn  near  the  field,  where,  as 
well  cared-for  by  the  enemy  as  circumstances  would  permit, 
they  impatiently  awaited  our  arrival.     The  robbed  and  disfig- 


SECOND  YEAR  IN  THE  FIELD.  1 55 

ured  bodies  of  our  noble  dead  were  laid  by  kind  hands  in 
the  humble  graves  hastily  dug  and  prepared  for  their  recep- 
tion. 

After  the  battle  of  Antietam,  the  Fifteenth  was  engaged  in 
fatiguing  service  in  the  Shenandoah  valley,  and  afterwards,  in 
November  and  December,  in  North-eastern  Virginia,  under 
Major-General  Burnside,  now  the  commander  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac.  It  bore  a  part  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
which  was  fought  on  the  twelfth  of  December ;  but  in  all 
these  marches  and  actions,  sustained  but  little  loss.  It  went 
into  winter  quarters  at  Falmouth  about  the  twentieth  of  De- 
cember, and  thus  its  record  for  the  year  1862  was  made  up. 
The  losses  in  battle  have  already  been  given,  though  many  of 
the  wounded  afterwards  died.  In  the  course  of  the  year 
three  hundred  and  ninety-one  recruits  had  been  received  from 
the  state,  one  hundred  and  forty-six  enlisted  men  had  been 
discharged  for  disability  ;  forty-two  had  died  of  disease  ;  and 
forty-eight  had  deserted.  Upon  the  rolls,  on  the  tenth  of 
November,  were  the  names  of  twenty-seven  officers,  seven 
hundred  and  ninety-six  enlisted  men,  —  present  and  absent. 
Of  this  number,  only  fifteen  officers  and  three  hundred  and 
forty-eight  men  were  in  the  field.  The  following  officers  were 
either  killed  in  battle,  or  had  died  of  wounds  received  in  bat- 
tle, or  in  the  service,  viz:  Surgeon  Samuel  Foster  Haven, 
Jr.  ;  Captains  Moses  W.  Getchell,  Clark  B.  Simonds,  and 
Richard  Derby ;  First  Lieutenants  Nelson  Bartholomew, 
Thomas  J.  Spurr,  and  Frank  S.  Corbin,  and  Second  Lieu- 
tenant John  William  Grout. 

Section  II.  —  The  Twenty-first  Regiment. 
We  left  this  regiment  on  the  twenty-third  of  August,  1861, 
on  the  way  to  New  York.  It  proceeded  directly  to  Balti- 
more, where  it  arrived  on  the  second  day,  and  went  into  camp 
at  Patterson  Park.  On  the  twenty-ninth  it  proceeded  to 
Annapolis,  leaving  four  companies  at  Annapolis  Junction,  to 
protect  the  railroad,  and  prevent  contraband  goods  from  pass- 
ing from  Baltimore  into  Virginia.     All  the  companies  were 


156  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

brought  together  again  on  the  eighteenth,  at  Annapolis,  the 
regiment  having  been  selected  to  go  on  the  Burnside  expedi- 
tion, under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Maggi,  Colo- 
nel Morse,  by  order  of  Gen.  Dix,  being  left  commandant  of  the 
fort  at  the  capital  of  Maryland.  The  regiment  embarked 
nine  hundred  and  thirty-seven  men  on  board  the  steamer 
"Northerner,"  on  the  sixth  of  January,  1862.  Up  to  this 
time  it  had  been  perfecting  itself  in  discipline  and  drill.  It 
was  now  about  to  show  the  results  of  its  training. 

The  troops  were  on  board  the  steamer  a  "  stormy  and  dis- 
tressing month,"  most  of  the  time,  at  Cape  Hatteras.  The 
men  were  remarkably  free  from  disease,  though  four  died  of 
typhoid  fever  while  on  ship-board.  On  the  seventh  of  Feb- 
ruary, late  in  the  day,  the  regiment  was  disembarked  to  assist 
in  taking  possession  of  Roanoke  Island,  The  conduct  of  our 
troops  shall  be  reported  in  the  words  of  Major  Theodore  S. 
Foster. 

"  To  the  Twenty-first  was  assigned  the  honor  of  doing  picket  duty  for 
the  division  that  night ;  this  dangerous  duty  was  well  performed,  with  the 
loss  of  one  man,  severely  wounded  by  the  enemy.  The  regiment  was 
remarkably  cool  in  the  battle  of  the  next  day.  The  action  commenced 
early  in  the  morning,  by  an  attack  upon  a  rebel  battery,  strongly  sup- 
ported, and  well  covered  by  the  enemy's  skirmishers.  The  Twenty-first, 
gallantly  and  skillfully  led  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Maggi,  worked  their 
way,  under  the  enemy's  fire,  through  a  deep  swamp  full  of  dense  under- 
brush and  briers,  which  protected  the  right  flank  of  the  battery,  and  was 
considered  by  the  enemy  as  impassable.  Having  flanked  the  position,  the 
regiment  made  a  brave,  steady  charge  with  the  bayonet,  driving  the 
enemy  from  their  works,  and  capturing  the  rebel  flag  which  was  on  their 
battery,  they  planted  in  its  place  their  regimental  state  flag,  which  was  the 
first  Union  flag  in  the  battery.  The  loss  of  the  regiment  was,  commis- 
sioned officers,  two  wounded.  Captain  T.  S.  Foster,  and  Lieutenant 
F'razer  A.  Stearns  ;  enlisted  men,  five  killed,  and  fifty  wounded,  eight  of 
them  mortally,  who  died  soon  after.     Total,  fifty-seven." 

In  connection  with  the  battle  occurred  an  incident  which 
must  find  a  place  here.  The  day  before  the  action.  Lieuten- 
ant Frank  Reno  told  Lieutenant-Colonel  Maggi  he  would 
present  a  flag  to  the  company  of  the  Second  Brigade  who 
would  fight  most  bravely.     The  day  after  the  battle  he  gave 


SECOND  YEAR  IN  THE  FIELD.  1 57 

it  to  the  colonel  commanding,  for  the  company  which  had 
fought  best  in  the  Twenty-first  Regiment.  The  officers 
of  the  Twenty-first  held  a  meeting  and  decided  that  the  flag 
should  be  given  to  the  captain  of  Co.  D,  with  this  inscription 
upon  its  folds  :  "  The  officers  of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment, 
M.  Y.  to  the  brave  Captain  T.  S.  Foster,  of  Co.  D." 

After  the  capture  of  Roanoke  Island,  the  regiment  en- 
camped in  "  Camp  Burnside."  While  there,  on  the  fourth  of 
March,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Maggi  resigned,  and  Major  W.  S. 
Clark  became  lieutenant-colonel,  and  assumed  command  of 
the  regiment. 

On  the  eleventh,  the  regiment  resumed  its  old  quarters,  on 
board  the  "  Northerner,"  and  steered  for  Newbern,  where  on 
the  fourteenth  a  battle  was  fought,  and  the  rebels  were  over- 
come. In  this  contest  the  regiment  took  a  prominent  part : 
"  Its  right  wing  i^ierced  the  center  of  the  enemy's  entrench- 
ments, and  captured  a  battery  of  light  artillery  by  a  bayonet- 
charge —  the  first  guns  taken  that  day;  while  the  left  wing 
steadily,  and  with  success,  engaged  the  enemy,  strongly 
posted  in  rifle-jDits,  taking  a  number  of  prisoners." 

The  official  reports  of  this  action  spoke  in  high  praise  of 
our  regiment,  and  General  Burnside  marked  his  sense  of  the 
merits  of  our  troops  by  presenting  to  them  the  first  gun  taken 
by  them  from  the  enemy,  —  a  brass  field-piece  —  "as  a  mon- 
ument to  the  memory  of  a  brave  man,"  referring  to  Frazer 
A.  Stearns,  (son  of  President  Stearns  of  Amherst  College,) 
who  was  killed  early  in  the  action.  The  loss  in  commissioned 
officers,  was  one  killed,  Lieutenant  Stearns  ;  two  wounded, 
Captain  J.  D.  Frazer,  and  Second  Lieutenant  H.  Aldrich. 
In  enlisted  men,  nineteen  killed,  thirty-five  wounded,  four  of 
them  mortally.     Total,  fifty-seven. 

After  a  month  passed  in  "  Camp  Andrew "  at  Newbern, 
the  regiment,  on  the  seventeenth  of  April,  embarked  the  third 
time  on  board  the  "  Northerner,"  and  landing  on  the  second 
day  at  day-break,  after  a  "  distressing  forced  march  "  of  nearly 
twenty  miles,  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Camden.  The  loss 
in    this  action  was  one   man   killed,  and  fourteen  wounded, 


158  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

three  of  them  mortally.  One  was  taken  prisoner.  In  twenty- 
four  hours  from  the  time  they  left  the  boat,  the  regiment 
had  marched  above  twenty  miles,  and  fought  with  credit. 

The  last  service  of  the  regiment  in  North  Carolina,  was  a 
forced  march,  begun  at  four  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  May 
17,  to  Pollockville,  to  rescue  a  Maryland  regiment  supposed 
to  be  surrounded  by  an  overpowering  force  of  rebels.  The 
march  of  eleven  miles  had  been  made  with  great  rapidity, 
through  deep,  sticky  mud,  when  the  Marylanders  were  found 
to  be  safe.  They  were  however  half  famished,  and  the  kind- 
ness of  our  men  in  providing  hot  coffee  and  furnishing  food 
out  of  their  own  rations,  called  out  the  earnest  gratitude  of 
the  recipients. 

The  regiment  left  North  Carolina  in  two  steamers,  the 
"  Scout "  and  the  "  Farrington,"  on  the  sixth  of  July,  and 
after  stopping  a  few  weeks  at  "  Camp  Lincoln "  near  New- 
port News,  took  the  steamers  "  Nantasket "  and  "  Highland 
Light  "  on  the  second  of  August,  and  on  the  fourth  landed 
at  Acquia  Creek,  Virginia.  On  the  twelfth,  leaving  tents  and 
baggage,  the  regiment  started  for  the  Rapidan,  as  a  part  of 
General  Reno's  Ninth  Army  Corps,  in  the  army  of  General 
Pope.  During  Pope's  retreat  before  Lee,  the  troops  suffered 
severely,  as  is  always  the  case  in  withdrawing  before  a  vigi- 
lant enemy,  especially  when  acting  as  a  rear-guard.  For  three 
weeks,  without  shelter,  often  wanting  food,  and  making  ex- 
hausting marches,  the  regiment  did  "yoemen's  duty"  with 
unflinching  constancy. 

In  the  battle  of  "  Bull  Run,  No.  2,"  on  the  thirtieth  of  Au- 
gust, the  regiment  maintained  its  well-earned  reputation. 
"  When  everything  on  the  left  seemed  lost,  they,  under  the 
guidance  of  the  brave  and  skillful  Reno,  stopped  the  enemy  in 
the  moment  of  victory,  and  prevented  them  from  realizing  its 
fruits."  Though  they  inflicted  much  damage  upon  the 
enemy,  their  own  loss  was  small,  owing  to  the  favorable 
nature  of  their  position.  The  wounded  and  missing  in  this 
action,  were  nine  privates. 

The  Twenty-first  was  also  in  the  battle  of  Chantilly  on  the 


SECOND  YEAR  IN  THE  FIELD.  1 59 

first  of  September.     Their  loss  was  very  severe.     Says  tlie 
report  of  tlie  commanding  officer:  — 

"  Ordered  into  action  just  as  night  was  coming  on,  in  a  severe  tliunder- 
storm,  to  fight  an  enemy  of  whose  numbers  and  position  no  one  seemed 
to  be  aware,  they  fell  into  an  ambuscade  of  the  rebel  regiments.  Though 
somewhat  thrown  into  confusion  by  the  fearful  slaughter  inflicted  upon 
them  by  the  first  volley  from  their  concealed  foes,  the  regiment  held  its 
ground.  The  rain  soon  made  most  of  the  guns  on  both  sides  unservice- 
able, but  the  Twenty-first  were  not  afraid  to  rely  on  the  bayonet,  which  in 
many  instances,  was  used  by  both  parties,  till  by  the  timely  arrival  of 
reinforcements,  the  enemy  was  driven  from  the  field,  with  the  loss  of 
many  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners.  About  midnight  after  the  battle, 
the  baggage  trains  being  in  safety,  the  Union  forces  were  drawn  back  to 
Fairfax  Court  House,  and  we  were  compelled  to  leave  most  of  our  seri- 
ously wounded  to  be  taken  prisoners  by  the  enemy,  as  well  as  several 
men  who  were  engaged  in  bringing  them  from  the  field,  and  assisting  the 
surgeons.  The  losses  in  this  battle  were,  commissioned  officers,  three 
killed,  viz.,  Lieutenant-Colonel  J.  P.  Rice  ;  First  Lieutenant  F.  A.  Bemis, 
and  Second  Lieutenant  W.  B.  Hill  ;  mortally  wounded  and  died  soon  after 
the  action,  three,  viz.,  Captains  J.  D.  Frazer  and  L  J.  Kelton,  and  First 
Lieutenant  H.  A.  Beckwith  ;  wounded  and  prisoners,  two,  viz..  First  Lieu- 
tenant W.  H.  Clark,  and  Second  Lieutenant  S.  McCabe  ;  prisoners,  Cap- 
tain George  P.  Hawkes,  Acting  Major,  Adjutant  W.  Willard,  and  Second 
Lieutenant  G.  C.  Parker.  Total  officers  eleven.  Enlisted  men  killed, 
twent3--tvvo  ;  mortally  wounded  and  died  soon  after,  eight ;  wounded  and 
prisoners,  twenty-four  ;  wounded,  forty-five  ;  prisoners,  thirty-four.  Total 
killed  and  wounded  in  the  action,  one  hundred  and  seven  ;  prisoners,  not 
wounded,  thirty-seven.     Aggregate,  one  hundred  and  forty-four." 

Tlirougli  Alexandria,  through  Washington,  through  part  of 
Maryland,  the  regiment  marched  as  a  part  of  the  army  of  Gen- 
eral McClellan,  who  was  again  in  command.  In  the  battle  of 
South  Mountain  they  lost  five  men  wounded.  Then  came  the 
fiercely  contested  battle  of  Antietam,  on  the  seventeenth  of 
September,  in  which  the  regiment  "  shed  their  full  proportion 
of  the  blood  which  christened  that  day  as  '  bloody  Wednes- 
day,' as  part  of  the  left  wing  of  the  army.  The  brigade  to 
which  they  belonged  charged  across  the  bridge  over  the 
Antietam,  and  held  their  ground  upon  the  other  bank  for 
more  than  an  hour  of  the  time  without  ammunition,  against 
an  attacking  force  far  superior  in  numbers." 


l60  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

The  regiment  entered  the  battle  only  one  hundred  and  fifty 
strong,  two  of  the  companies  being  absent,  and  its  loss  was 
very  severe.  Second  Lieutenant  H.  C.  Holbrook  was  killed  ; 
Second  Lieutenants  C,  H.  Parker,  C.  Goss  and  G.  W.  Gibson 
were  wounded.  Enlisted  men  killed,  six  ;  wounded,  thirty- 
four,  three  of  them  mortally  ;  total  killed  and  wounded,  forty- 
four,  or  more  than  one  quarter  of  those  who  entered  the  battle. 
Up  to  this  time  the  regiment  had  lost  in  killed,  87 ;  wounded, 
204 ;  prisoners,  38 ;  missing,  33  ;  making  a  total  of  332, 
besides  31  deserters.     Aggregate  loss  2i^T). 

But  the  perils  of  the  year  were  not  yet  over.  The  regiment 
was  in  various  service  through  October  and  November,  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia  until  the  thirteenth  of  December,  when 
the  great  battle  of  Fredericksburg  was  fought  under  the  com- 
mand of  Major-General  Burnside.  In  Colonel  Clark's  account 
of  the  battle  is  the  following  paragraph :  — 

"  The  Second  Brigade  was  ordered  to  the  front,  and  forming  in  double 
line  of  battle,  most  gallantly  and  steadily  moved  across  the  plain,  swept  by 
the  destructive  fire  of  the  enemy.  When  about  sixty  rods  from  the  city, 
Color-Sergeant  Collins,  of  Co.  A,  was  shot  and  fell  to  the  ground.  Ser- 
geant Plunkett,  of  Co.  E,  instantly  seized  the  colors  and  carried  them 
forward  to  the  farthest  point  reached  by  our  troops  during  the  battle, 
when  a  shell  from  the  rebels  was  thrown  with  fatal  accuracy  at  the  colors 
and  brought  them  to  the  ground,  wet  with  the  life-blood  of  the  brave 
Plunkett,  both  of  whose  arms  were  carried  away.  The  glorious  flag  was 
then  raised  by  Color-Corporal  Olney  of  Co.  H,  and  carried  by  him  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  the  day.  Color-Corporal  Barr,  of  Co.  C,  was  shot 
while  carrying  the  state  colors,  and  the  post  of  honor  and  danger  was 
quickly  filled  by  Color- Corporal  Wheeler,  of  Co.  I.  The  whole  number  of 
casualties  in  this  battle  is  ninety-nine,  viz.,  killed  eight,  wounded  fifty-six, 
missing  thirty-five." 

The  total  loss  was  sixty-nine  out  of  two  hundred  and  eighty- 
four  officers  and  enlisted  men  who  engaged  in  the  battle, 
nearly  one  fourth  of  their  number.  This  ended  the  fighting 
of  the  regiment  for  the  year.  The  number  of  deaths  from  all 
causes  had  been  one  hundred  and  thirty-one.  But  though  the 
actual  fighting  was  over,  there  was  still  danger  and  endurance. 
About  eight  o'clock  on  Sunday  evening,  the  fourteenth,  the 
brigade  to  which  our  regiment  belonged,  was  ordered  to  the 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  l6l 

position  gained  on  the  previous  day,  with  instructions  to  hold 
it  at  all  hazards.  As  the  rebel  sharpshooters  were  posted  on 
the  roofs  of  the  neighboring  houses  and  the  tops  of  trees,  the 
service  was  difficult.  By  taking  position  behind  a  low  ridge, 
throwing  up  a  small  breastwork,  and  lying  flat  on  their  backs, 
they  escaped  all  harm  except  the  loss  of  one  man.  As  night 
came  on  the  rebels  ventured  to  approach  our  men,  which  they 
were  suffered  to  do  until  within  a  few  yards  of  our  guards, 
when  a  volley  from  the  rifles  of  two  regiments  drove  them 
back.  About  ten  o'clock  at  night  our  troops  were  relieved 
from  their  wearisome  and  dangerous  duty,  and  ordered  to 
cross  to  the  north  side  of  the  Rappahannock,  to  their  camp, 
where  they  arrived  about  two  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The 
end  of  the  year  1862  found  the  regiment  at  their  old  camp 
near  Falmouth,  where  amid  cold  and  storm,  it  was  doing 
picket  duty,  but  animated  with  a  spirit  which  defied  the 
elements  as  well  as  the  iron  hail  of  the  enemy. 

Section  III.  —  The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment. 
The  Twenty-fifth,  which  left  the  city  on  the  last  day  of 
October,  1861,  arrived  in  New  York  via  the  New  London 
route,  on  the  steamer  "  Connecticut,"  the  next  morning.  The 
soldiers  were  breakfasted  at  the  Park  barracks,  and  the  offi- 
cers were  invited  to  take  breakfast  at  the  Astor  House,  all 
under  the  auspices  of  a  delegation  of  the  Sons  of  Massachu- 
setts, led  by  Colonel  Frank  E.  Howe.  The  speeches  at  the 
Astor  House,  after  breakfast,  were  brief  and  full  of  life.  The 
speakers  were  Colonel  Howe,  Samuel  Hathaway  of  the  Old 
Worcester  Guard,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague,  General  Burn- 
side,  Mr.  Nathan  Jackson,  a  revolutionary  veteran  of  over 
ninety  years  of  age,  Parke  Godwin  of  the  Evening  Post, 
Mr.  Richard  Busteed,  and  Chaplain  Horace  James.  After  an 
earnest  address  by  the  chaplain,  Mr.  Busteed  proposed  the 
following  sentiment,  which  was  received  with  plaudits  : 

"  The  Clergy,  —  The  pillar  of  fire  by  night,  and  the  cloud  by  day;  our 
armies,  like  Israel  of  old,  may  safely  follow  where  it  leads.  May  their 
number  never  be  less." 


1 62  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  following  lines,  written  for  the  occasion  by  Grace 
Appleton,  must  take  the  place  of  honor,  there  being  no  room 
for  the  other  exercises  of  the  happy  occasion. 

TO  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  TWENTY-FIFTH. 

From  the  Heart  of  the  Commonivealth, 
Hail  brothers,  from  our  mother's  home, 

Fresh  from  her  green  old  "  Heart !  " 
Mope  to-day  no  classic  tome 

To  quote  a  hero's  part. 
For,  face  to  face,  a  gallant  band, 

Of //'ww^  heroes  round  us  stand ; 
We  ask  no  better  toast  to-day, 

Than  soldiers  from  the  brave  "  Old  Bay." 

Sworn  knights  of  Freedom's  cause,  ye  come  — 

Crusaders  for  the  Right  — 
To  pluck  from  error's  moldering  tomb, 

Truth's  form  divinely  bright ; 
Pledged  heart  to  heart  and  hand  to  hand, 

A  host  invincible  ye  stand  ; 
God's  arm  shall  aid,  his  guidance  lead, 

His  grace  a  shield  in  every  need. 

Beside  Potomac's  rolling  tide, 

'Neath  a  fair  Southern  sky. 
Remember  kma  yotir  comrades  died: 

Their  blood  your  battle-cry  ! 
Remember  homes  of  sunlight  shorn  — 

Remember  tender  hearts  that  mourn  ! 
New  England  bows  her  matron  head 

In  sorrow  for  her  valiant  dead ; 
Make  ye  their  martyr-graves  to  be 

Cradles  of  new-born  Liberty  ! 

The  regiment  left  New  York  the  same  evening,  and  arrived 
at  Annapolis  on  the  third,  which  was  Sunday.  While  at 
Annapolis  the  soldiers  were  much  improved  in  drill  and  dis- 
cipline, and  became  accustomed  to  military  life.  And  here 
seems  to  be  the  place  to  give  some  idea  of  Sunday  in  camp. 
The  extracts  which  follow  are  taken  from  a  letter  written 
by  Chaplain  James,  dated  "  Camp  Hicks,  near  Annapolis, 
November  ii,  1861,"  and  printed  in  the  Coiigregatioiialist  oi 
Boston.     The  large  space  given  to  this  letter  is  due  to  its 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  1 63 

interesting  statements.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  also  that 
it  describes  what  was  substantially  true  of  many  others  of  our 
regiments  and  chaplains. 

"  We  have  just  finished  our  first  Sunday  in  camp  away  from  home. 
Perhaps  I  could  not  give  anything  of  more  interest  to  your  readers  just 
now,  than  to  describe  the  day  with  its  various  services  and  transactions. 
The  drum  beat  the  morning  call,  or  reveille,  at  six  o'clock.  Breakfast  at 
half-past  seven.  That  being  over,  I  visited  the  hospital  tents,  as  is  my  daily 
custom,  conversed  encouragingly  with  each  patient,  and  offered  prayer 
in  each  tent,  in  the  hearing  of  seven  or  eight  persons  who  are  at  present 
under  medical  care.  Distribution  of  little  soldiers'  books  throughout  all 
the  companies  of  the  regiment,  occupied  the  next  two  hours.  They  were 
furnished  me  —  in  part  —  by  several  Sabbath  schools  in  Worcester 
count}^  I  am  sure  the  eyes  of  those  children  would  have  glistened  with 
satisfaction,  if  they  could  have  seen  the  avidity  with  which  the  books  were 
taken,  and  the  pleasure  with  which  they  were  perused.  This  being  over, 
we  began  to  put  in  circulation  our  regimental  library,  which  consists  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  volumes  of  selected  books,  adapted  to  the 
kind  of  life  we  lead.  .  .  .  The  library  will  serve  a  noble  purpose,  and  be 
read  over  and  over  again  as  long  as  we  are  in  the  field.  On  the  Sabbath, 
after  the  inspection  of  arms  and  equipments,  at  eight  o'clock,  the  men 
have  the  time  wholly  at  their  own  disposal  until  the  dress-parade  at 
five  o'clock.  They  are  glad  of  something  to  read  during  these  weary 
hours. 

Thus  was  spent  the  forenoon,  varied  with  tent  prayer-meetings  and  at- 
tempts at  Bible-class  instruction  at  several  different  points.  At  a  quar- 
ter to  two  the  drum  beat  the  call  to  church,  our  church,  —  all  we  have, 
and  all  we  want,  —  one  vast  as  the  heavens,  with  a  dome  more  glorious 
than  St.  Peter's,  and  frescoed  with  a  skill  exceeeding  any  mediceval  art. 
The  pulpit  was  a  small  box,  on  which  stood  the  preacher,  with  a  small 
Bible  in  his  hand,  but  no  parchment ;  before  him,  in  solid  column,  the 
men  of  the  regiment,  on  his  left  the  band,  at  his  right  a  regimental  choir, 
with  Dadmun's  Army  Melodies  in  their  hand,  and  behind  him  the  field 
and  staff  officers  ;  thus  arrayed,  and  gathered  in  our  grand  old  church, 
every  man  present,  and  no  one  squeaking  into  his  pew  after  time,  the  sun 
shining  clearly  in  the  sky,  and  the  mild  air  breathing  quietly  around,  the 
services  commenced. 

'  Come  Thou  Almighty  King, 
Help  us  Thy  name  to  sing,' 

were  the  familiar  words  of  our  opening  hymn  of  praise.  The  Ten  Com- 
mandments from  Exodus,  and  a  passage  from  Ephesians  were  read,  and 
prayer  was  offered,  blessing  God  for  His  goodness  and  mercy  to  us,  con- 


164  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

fessing  our  sins,  and  supplicating  His  favor,  making  mention  of  our  loved 
ones  at  home,  and  rejoicing  in  the  thought  that  God  is  as  near  to  us  as  to 
thfem,  entreating  a  blessing  on  our  arms,  and  the  divine  favor  to  our  coun- 
try in  her  time  of  need.  We  then  sang  to  the  tune  of  '  Auld  Lang  Syne,' 
the  band  accompanying  us  : 

'  When  I  can  read  my  title  clear.' 

The  discourse  followed,  of  which  modesty  forbids  me  to  to  say  aught 
else  than  this,  that  it  was  an  attempt  to  stay  the  disgusting  vice  of  pro- 
fanity, of  which  a  military  camp  is  wont  to  be  so  full.  ...  It  is  proper 
for  me  to  say  that  our  officers  generally  are  free  from  this  vice,  and  set  an 
example  worthy  to  be  followed  by  the  regiment.  We  closed  with  the  fa-  ' 
vorite  tune,  '  Marching  Along,'  and  the  benediction. 

We  met  at  seven  o'clock  around  the  camp-fire  of  Co.  I,  for  our  evening 
prayer-meeting.  At  the  hour  appointed  a  great  fire  was  blazing  heaven- 
ward, and  those  who  care  to  sing  and  pray  were  gathering  together.  To 
the  number  of  a  hundred  or  two  they  came,  and  formed  in  concentric 
rings  about  the  fire,  the  innermost  being  seated  upon  logs  of  wood  and 
those  behind  them  standing.  Then  began  the  hymns  of  divine  praise  to 
ascend  to  God  ;  then  the  pastor  of  the  flock  read  to  them  a  few  verses, 
spoke  to  them  a  few  earnest  words,  and  led  them  in  prayer.  Then  broke 
forth  one,  and  another,  and  another,  in  exhortation,  in  prayer  or  in  song. 
None  waited  for  the  others,  all  were  in  the  spirit,  all  seemed  ready.  The 
time  passed  rapidly  away,  voices  were  subdued  under  the  powerful  emo- 
tions excited  at  this  still  hour,  tears  stole  down  many  faces,  hearts  were 
moved,  and  joy  in  the  Holy  Ghost  abounded.  We  all  felt  and  said  that  it 
was  good  to  be  there,  and  after  an  hour  and  twenty  minutes  thus  pleas- 
antly spent,  it  was  unanimously  voted  that  this  should  be  the  style  of  our 
Sunday-evening  service  henceforth.  They  were  dismissed  with  the  bene- 
diction and  Christian  Doxology,  in  which  all  heartily  joined." 

The  regiment  embarked,  011  the  seventh  of  January,  1862, 
on  board  the  New  York,  the  Zouave,  and  the  Skirmisher, 
three  vessels  then  lying  at  Annapolis,  and  belonging  to  the 
Burnside  expedition.  They  sailed  on  the  tenth,  and  arrived 
in  four  days  at  Hatteras  Inlet,  where  they  met  with  many 
delays  and  accidents,  including  the  foundering  of  the  propeller 
Zouave,  on  which  were  two  companies,  all  of  whom  were  pro- 
videntially saved.  The  whole  expedition  was  transported  over 
the  "  swash  "  during  the  first  week  in  February.  No  man  in 
the  regiment  will  be  apt  to  forget  those  three  weeks  of  hard- 
ship, when  the  invincible  Burnside  conquered  the  elements  by 
his  endurance  and  fertility  of  resources.     The  objective  point 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD,  l6$ 

was  Roanoke  Island,  on  which  the  regiment  effected  a  landing 
under  cover  of  the  gunboats,  on  the  evening  of  the  seventh, 
and  after  marching  a  short  distance,  bivouacked  for  the  night. 
Next  morning  was  cold  and  rainy.  The  men  were  aroused 
and  at  daybreak  formed  the  line.  Company  A,  Captain  Pickett, 
was  thrown  forward  to  skirmish.  The  outposts  of  the  enemy 
were  reached  in  about  half  a  mile,  when  they  were  pressed 
steadily  back  under  the  sharp  fire  of  our  skirmishers,  and 
finally  driven  to  their  earthworks.  A  battery  consisting  of 
several  boat-howitzers  was  brought  up  and  put  in  position, 
supported  by  the  regiment,  and  opened  fire.  General  Foster 
ordered  Colonel  Upton  to  form  his  command  in  line  of  battle 
across  the  road,  the  right  resting  on  a  clearing  covered  by  the 
enemy's  guns,  the  left  extending  into  the  woods  and  thicket. 
Both  parties  opened  fire  on  each  other,  our  artillery  being 
supported  by  the  right  wing  of  the  regiment.  They  moved 
forward  with  steadiness  until  our  line  was  within  about  three 
hundred  yards  of  the  enemy's  battery.  "  Fire  was  kept  up  for 
nearly  three  hours,  until  about  half-past  ten,  a.m.,  when  our 
ammunition  being  exhausted.  Colonel  Upton  was  ordered  to 
form  in  column  by  company,  in  rear  of  our  right,  which  was 
done  in  good  order."  This  finished  the  fighting  so  far  as'the 
Twenty-fifth  was  concerned,  but  they  marched  to  the  upper  end 
of  the  island  and  quartered  in  Camp  Foster.  The  loss  in  this 
action  was  six  killed  and  forty-two  wounded. 

In  his  report  of  this  battle.  Colonel  Upton  makes  the 
following  remarks  in  reference  to  the  conduct  of  the  regiment. 
He  says  : 

"  I  would  express  my  great  satisfaction  witli  the  conduct  of  the  regi- 
ment, both  officers  and  men.  It  was,  throughout  the  engagement,  of  the 
bravest  kind,  standing  as  they  did  for  hours,  in  the  water  to  their  knees, 
exposed  to  an  incessant  fire  of  musketry,  grape  and  shell,  with  no  disposi- 
tion on  the  part  of  any  man  to  waver.  The  skirmishing  of  company  A, 
Captain  Pickett,  was  performed  in  a  manner  that  would  have  done  credit 
to  regulars.  I  can  but  express  my  particular  satisfaction  with  the  man- 
ner in  which  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague,  Major  McCafferty  and  Adjutant 
Harkness  performed  the  duties  devolving  upon  them,  and  the  support 
rendered  me  by  them  throughout  the  engagement." 


1 66  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

On  the  ninth  of  February  the  regiment  was  complimented  in 
orders  from  General  Foster,  for  their  gallant  conduct  at  the 
battle  of  Roanoke  Island. 

The  regiment  remained  on  the  island  until  the  seventh  of 
March,  when  it  was  embarked  on  board  transports,  which  were 
anchored  off  the  island  until  the  eleventh,  when  the  fleet 
sailed,  and  passing  through  Croatan  and  Pamlico  Sounds, 
entered  the  mouth  of  Neuse  river,  and  on  the  evening  of  the 
twelfth,  anchored  within  fifteen  miles  of  ''Newbern.  On  the 
morning  of  the  eleventh,  under  cover  of  a  heavy  fire  from 
the  gunboats,  our  men  "  landed  at  Slocum's  Creek,  and  after 
a  heavy  march  of  ten  miles  through  rain  and  mud,  bivouacked 
for  the  night  in  the  woods,  upon  the  cold,  wet  ground,  with 
the  rain  beating  down  upon  them." 

The  following  passages  are  culled  from  a  long  letter  ad- 
dressed by  Colonel  Upton  to  the  editor  of  the  Fitchburg  Sen- 
tinel. They  give  the  best  narrative  at  hand  of  the  part  borne 
by  the  Tv^^enty-fifth  in  the  battle  of  Newbern  : 

"  We  built  camp-fires,  sent  out  our  pickets,  partook  of  a  lunch  from  our 
haversacks,  and  after  making  a  reconnoissance  down  the  river,  prepared 
to  spend  the  night  on  the  ground  already  very  wet,  and  rain  still  falling  in 
torrents.  Some  of  our  men  lying  down  and  some  standing  up,  we  gener- 
ally passed  a  sleepless  night.  We  had  our  lunch  early,  and  were  ready  to 
move  at  seven  o'clock.  We  passed  along  nearly  a  rrtile,  and  discovered 
an  earthwork  thrown  up  with  the  enemy  in  position,  and  batteries 
commanding  the  road.  We  fianked  off  to  the  right,  and  had  hardly 
cleared  the  road  before  they  opened  their  batteries,  throwing  their  shot 
and  shell  in  a  very  careless  manner.  .  .  .  We  sent  out  scouts  to  ascertain 
their  exact  position,  and  found  a  long  line  of  breastworks,  some  two  miles 
in  length,  terminating  in  a  fort  at  the  river  on  our  right,  with  a  battery 
of  thirteen  heavy  guns,  and  on  account  of  its  extending  to  the  water,  it 
was  impossible  to  outflank  them.  Their  shot  and  shell  flew  all  around 
us,  as  did  also  the  shell  from  our  gunboats.  We  were  ordered  to  remain 
and  support  our  own  howitzers,  which  we  did,  the  battle  still  raging  in  all 
its  fury.  Now  came  the  order  to  charge  !  and  the  Twenty-fifth  sent  up  a 
hideous  yell  and  sprung  forward  in  double-quick  time,  leaped  over  the 
breastwork  and  drove  the  enemy  out,  our  state  color  being  the  first  on  the 
work.  I  think  there  was  one  United  States  color  on  the  right  before 
ours.  .  .  .  We  immediately  formed  and  were  ordered  to  proceed  on  the 
road,  taking  the  position  for  street-firing.  .  .  .  Alter  getting  into  position, 


SECOND  YEAR  IN  THE  FIELD.  16/ 

we  sent  out  the  two  flank  companies  as  skirmishers  into  the  woods,  to  see 
what  was  there,  as  the  balls  were  flying  all  around  us.  They  advanced 
some  little  distance,  discovered  a  portion  of  the  enemy,  and  opened  fire 
upon  them  as  did  also  the  regiment.  They  soon  surrendered  to  the  num- 
ber of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  and  were  placed  in  charge  of 
Co.  H,  Captain  Moulton.  Their  colonel,  who  delivered  his  pistol  to  me, 
showed  a  bullet  hole  through  his  cap,  which  just  cleared  his  head,  and 
said  he  would  rather  it  had  gone  through  his  head  than  to  have  surren- 
dered.    He  was  in  the  fight  at  Big  Bethel,  and  is  a  tough  customer." 

Soon  the  regiment  were  in  sight  of  Newbern,  which  seemed 
all  ablaze,  as  the  bridge  over  the  Trent  river,  nearly  2,000  feet 
long,  and  the  resin  and  turpentine  works  were  on  fire.  By 
the  help  of  transports,  the  regiment  proceeded,  and  was  the 
first  to  reach  the  city.  It  was  in  this  battle  that  the  flags  were 
captured  by  the  company  of  the  brave  O'Neil,  to  which  refer- 
ence was  had  in  the  preceding  chapter.  There  were  many 
acts  of  individual  heroism  and  prowess  in  this  action,  which 
would  grace  the  page  of  history,  if  there  were  space  to  record 
them.  They  must  be  left  to  delight  the  biographer  and  his 
readers.  Colonel  Upton  reports  that  the  regiment  was 
extremely  fortunate  in  losing  but  few  men,  notwithstanding 
the  great  exposure.  "  It  seems  almost  miraculous  that  we 
have  escaped  with  so  small  a  loss,  there  having  been  but  four 
killed  and  sixteen  wounded." 

The  regiment  remained  in  Newbern  until  the  ninth  of  May, 
doing  provost-guard  duty  in  the  vicinity.  "  They  had  many 
bitter  skirmishes  with  the  enemy,"  says  the  official  report, 
"  and  were  on  many  scouts  too  numerous  to  mention." 

An  expedition  started  from  Newbern  on  the  twenty-fourth 
of  July,  consisting  of  several  regiments,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Sprague  commanding  the  Twenty-fifth,  and  proceeded  to 
Trenton,  about  thirty  miles.  They  entered  the  place  without 
opposition,  though  expecting  to  meet  a  battery  which  would 
dispute  their  entrance.  They  returned  through  Pollockville 
to  Newbern,  some  five  days  after  their  departure.  "  During 
the  hot  summer  months  very  little  was  done  by  the  troops  in 
this  department."  The  fact  was  they  had  fought  and  struggled 
through  a  winter  and  spring  campaign,  and  had  done  a  year's 


1 68  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

work  before  it  was  half  expired.  In  the  course  of  the  season, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague  was  elected  colonel  of  the  Fifty- 
first  Regiment  of  nine  months'  men,  and  Colonel  Upton,  on 
account  of  enfeebled  health,  was  obliged  to  resign.  His 
resignation  occurred  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  October,  taking 
with  him  the  sincere  regard  of  all  his  command.  He  was  pre- 
sented by  the  enlisted  men  of  his  regiment,  with  a  beautiful 
sword,  belt  and  sash,  costing  ^i,ooo,  as  a  token  of  esteem. 
His  successor  was  Major  Pickett,  characterised  as  "a  brave 
and  efficient  officer." 

Two  days  after  his  promotion.  Colonel  Pickett  left  Newbern 
on  board  the  transport  Highlander,  forming  part  of  an  expe- 
dition under  General  Foster.  They  passed  on  to  Washington, 
and  through  Williamston  and  Hamilton,  to  within  ten  miles 
of  Tarborough.  On  Sunday,  November  2,  they  had  a  sharp 
fight  about  dusk,  at  Ravvles'  Mills,  and  routed  the  enemy. 
The  march  was  resumed  in  the  morning,  at  daybreak,  and 
Hamilton,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  was  reached  on  the  fourth. 
The  enemy  being  entrenched  behind  earthworks,  our  forces 
withdrew,  on  the  sixth,  in  the  midst  of  a  severe  snow  and  sleet- 
storm,  suffering  severely,  and  on  the  tenth  reached  Plymouth, 
where  most  of  them  embarked  for  Newbern,  leaving  our  regi- 
ment with  another  to  protect  our  artillery.  Still  later  in  the 
season,  on  the  eleventh  of  December,  the  regiment  started 
with  the  army  on  the  march  to  Kinston,  Whitehall  and 
Goldsboro',  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  of  each  of  those 
places,  but  suffered  only  a  few  casualties,  retiring  on  the 
twenty-first.  Thus  closed  a  year  of  great  activity  and  most 
important  service.  The  facts  in  relation  to  its  drilling,  voy- 
ages, marches  and  battles,  have  been  drawn  from  the  letters 
of  Colonel  Upton,  and  the  report  of  Colonel  Pickett.  And  in 
this  connection  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  General 
Burnside  to  Governor  Andrew,  dated  November  21,  1862,  in 
relation  to  certain  Massachusetts  regiments,  including  the 
Twenty-first  and  Twenty-fifth,  is  pertinent. 

"  On  the  expedition  to  North  Carohna  live  regiments  of  Massachusetts 
troops  accompanied  me.     While  these  of  course  varied  in  their  efficiency. 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  169 

according  to  the  qualifications  of  their  officers,  I  cannot  speak  in  too 
high  terms  of  their  general  excellence  of  discipline  and  drill,  and  their 
cool  courage  and  dashing  bravery  in  action.  The  battle  of  Roanoke  was 
the  first  occasion  on  which  they  were  under  fire,  and  they  behaved  with 
the  steadiness  of  old  troops,  winning  the  highest  encomiums  from  their 
brigade  commanders,  Generals  Foster  and  Reno.  ...  I  will  not  speak  of 
them  in  detail,  only  saying  I  have  nothing  but  praise  to  give  them,  and 
their  deeds  and  reputation  are  worthy  of  the  gallant  and  patriotic  state 
from  which  they  come." 


Section    IV.  —  The    Thirty-fourth,    Thirty-sixth,    and    Fifty- 
first  Regiments. 

As  these  regiments  entered  the  field  comparatively  late  in 
the  season,  and  had  few  opportunities  to  win  distinction  before 
the  campaign  closed,  their  history  for  1862  need  occupy  but  a 
few  pages. 

The  Thirty-fourth  Regiment,  which  left  Worcester  on 
the  fifteenth  of  August,  went  via  Norwich,  Jersey  City,  Phila- 
delphia and  Baltimore,  to  Washington,  where  it  arrived  on  the 
afternoon  of  Sunday,  and  passed  the  night  at  the  Soldier's 
Rest.  The  next  day  it  crossed  Long  Bridge  and  marched  to 
Arlington  Heights,  where  it  encamped  at  "  Camp  Casey." 
While  here  Major  Bowman  took  leave  of  the  regiment,  having 
been  appointed  colonel  of  the  Thirty-sixth. 

On  the  twenty-second,  orders  were  received,  assigning  the 
regiment  to  the  corps  of  Major-General  Banks,  tents  were 
struck,  the  regiment  marched  to  Alexandria  and  reported  to 
the  quartermaster's  department  for  transportation  to  the 
field.  But  the  railroad  was  occupied  in  moving  other  troops, 
and  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  bivouack  two  days  and  nights. 
Another  effort  was  made  to  reach  Catlett's  Station  by  rail, 
but  this  proving  impracticable.  Colonel  Wells  established  a 
camp  called  "  Camp  Worcester,"  on  the  spot  where  he  had 
halted,  and  awaited  orders.  Here  he  remained  with  his  com- 
mand, while  the  entire  army  of  General  Pope,  in  its  retreat 
from  Manassas,  was  completing  its  change  of  front.  Then 
being  in  the  extreme  advance  of  the  army,  the  regiment  threw 
out  pickets,  and  also  furnished  a  provost-guard  for  Alexan- 


I  70  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

dria.     On  the  tenth  of  September,  the  camp  was  moved  to 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  Alexandria. 

The  adjutant-general's  report  for  1862  gives  the  following 
information  regarding  the  farther  services  of  the  Thirty-fourth 
during  the  closing  months  of  that  year.  "September  12,  the 
regiment  being  ordered  to  report  to  General  Grover,  marched 
to  Fairfax  Seminary  and  encamped  there,  together  with  the 
Thirty-third  Massachusetts  Infantry,  the  Eleventh  New  Jer- 
sey, and  the  One  Hundred  and  Twentieth  New  York  Volun- 
teers, the  four  regiments  being  under  command  of  Colonel 
Wells,  senior-colonel.  On  the  fifteenth  of  September,  by 
order  of  the  commander  of  the  defenses  of  Washington,  the 
regiment  moved  its  encampment  to  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Lyon, 
where  it  remained,  November  22,  being  constituted  a  part  of 
the  regular  garrison.  Colonel  Wells  being  in  command  of  the 
fort  and  all  of  its  defenses ;  the  regiment  being  employed  on 
garrison  and  picket  duty.  It  has  been  constantly  drilled, 
both  as  artillery  and  infantry."  It  numbered  nine  hundred 
and  ninety-four  strong,  on  the  tenth  of  November,  having 
lost  by  promotion,  i  ;  deaths,  7  ;  discharged,  6  ;  desertions,  7. 
Total,  1,015. 

The  Thirty-sixth  Regiment,  which  left  Boston  on  the 
second  of  September,  1862,  on  the  Merrimack  steamer, 
reached  Washington  after  a  voyage  of  five  days.  It  was  then 
ordered  to  join  General  McClellan's  army,  and  leaving  the  na- 
tional capital  on  the  ninth,  arrived  at  Leesboro',  Maryland,  the 
same  day.  There  it  remained  five  days  waiting  for  transpor- 
tation and  rations.  Leaving  on  the  fifteenth,  it  arrived  at  the 
camp  of  General  Burnside,  —  too  late  to  engage  in  the  battle 
of  Antietam,  —  four  miles  beyond  Sharpsburg,  on  the  twen- 
tieth, a  distance  of  sixty-seven  miles.  On  the  twentieth  of 
September  it  arrived  at  Antietam  Iron  Works,  and  on  the 
seventh  of  October,  marching  over  the  mountains,  on  roads 
obstructed  by  the  rebels,  reached  Pleasant  Valley.  Leaving 
there  on  the  eleventh,  it  started  for  Frederick  with  orders  to 
protect  the  place  from  the  invasions  of  Stuart's  Cavalry.  The 
next  move  was  to  Point  of  Rocks,  and  on  the  fifteenth  the 


SECOND    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  I/I 

regiment  returned  to  Pleasant  Valley.  It  crossed  the  Potomac 
on  a  pontoon  bridge  at  Berlin,  October  2,  and  reached  Lovetts- 
ville,  Virginia,  the  same  day,  after  a  very  tedious  march,  (as 
it  rained  hard  all  day),  and  encamped  at  night,  cold  and  wet. 
The  continued  narrative  of  the  regiment,  for  the  year,  is  found 
in  Willis'  "  Fitchburg  in  the  Rebellion."  Leaving  Lovetts- 
ville  on  the  twenty-ninth,  it  "marched  with  the  remainder  of 
the  army  to  Falmouth,  arriving  November  19,  stojDping  one 
week  on  the  route.  On  the  twelfth  of  December  the  regiment 
saw  its  first  battle,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  —  but  was  not 
actively  engaged,  being  held  as  a  reserve,  and  had  only  two 
men  wounded.  It  remained  at  Falmouth  "  to  the  end  of  the 
year,  where  we  leave  it  preparing  for  future  toils  and  dangers. 

The  Fifty-first  Regiment,  nine  months'  volunteers, 
sailed  from  Boston  late  in  November,  as  stated  in  the  pre- 
ceding chapter,  and  proceeded  to  North  Carolina.  A  letter 
from  Colonel  Sprague,  dated  at  Foster  Barracks,  Newbern, 
December  21,  1862,  gives  the  history  of  the  first  week  of  the 
regiment  in  the  field,  which  was  creditable  to  its  spirit  and 
discipline.  The  occasion  of  the  expedition  reported  in  the 
letter,  was  as  follows.  General  Burnside  was  about  to  make 
his  famous  movement  on  the  rebel  forces  at  Fredericksburg. 
At  the  same  time  General  Dix  was  ordered  to  make  a  demon- 
stration on  Suffolk,  Virginia.  In  unison  with  these.  General 
Foster  was  to  march  to  Goldsboro',  some  seventy  miles,  and 
burn  the  railroad  bridge  at  that  place.  It  was  a  general  move- 
ment, extending  from  Newbern  to  Fredericksburg.  The  design 
was,  if  Burnside  should  succeed,  to  prevent  troops  being  sent 
from  the  south  to  reinforce  Lee,  and  also,  if  Lee  were  defeated, 
to  cut  off  one  line  of  his  retreat  to  the  South.  This  being 
premised,  the  exact  connection  of  the  facts  stated  in  Colonel 
Sprague's  letter  will  be  understood. 

"  I  reported  with  my  command,  seven  hundred  and  seventy-eight  rank 
and  file,  on  the  Trent  Road,  in  hght  marching  order,  at  seven  o'clock  on 
the  morning  of  Thursday,  the  eleventh  inst.,  remaining  with  the  brigade  en 
route  till  the  afternoon  of  Friday,  when  we  were  detached  in  company  with 
two  pieces  of  artillery,  under  command  of  Captain  Ransom,  to  guard  the 


1/2  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

'  Beaver  Creek  Bridge,'  the  main  road  to  Kinston,  and  the  road  to  Tren- 
ton, in  rear  of  the  advancing  column.  Receiving  orders  from  Major-Gen- 
eral Foster,  at  half-past  one  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  to  join  the  main 
force,  virithout  delay,  we  marched  at  sunrise,  having  in  charge  twenty-one 
prisoners,  (taken  by  the  cavalry  on  the  main  road  to  Kinston,)  which  were 
turned  over  to  the  provost-marshal  after  our  arrival  at  Kinston  on  Sunday 
evening. 

We  advanced  with  the  brigade  on  Monday  morning,  arriving  at  the 
scene  of  action  at  Whitehall  about  eleven  o'clock,  a.m.,  on  Tuesday  morn- 
ing, and  though  not  participating  in  the  engagement,  were  within  range 
of  the  enemy's  guns,  on  the  right  of  the  artillery,  which  was  engaged.  At 
this  point,  in  obedience  to  orders  from  Major-General  Foster,  Lieutenant 
Sanderson,  with  a  detachment,  was  detailed  to  examine  the  river  below  the 
bridge,  to  ascertain  the  practicability  of  fording  it.  After  a  careful  ex- 
amination of  the  river  for  nearly  a  mile,  Lieutenant  Sanderson  reported 
that  it  was  not  fordable.  Tuesday  afternoon,  passing  up  with  the  main 
column  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Neuse,  we  bivouacked  at  night  about 
twelve  miles  from  Goldsboro'.  On  Wednesday  we  were  detailed  to  guard 
the  baggage  train,  from  which  duty  we  were  relieved  in  the  afternoon, 
when  the  train  and  troops  were  counter-marched,  after  the  burning  of  the 
railroad  bridge  by  the  advance.  Keeping  our  place  on  the  return,  on 
Thursday,  Friday  and  Saturday,  we  encamped  on  Saturday  night  near 
Deep  Gulley,  and  arrived  at  our  barracks  on  the  Trent,  at  eleven  o'clock 
on  Sunday  morning.  My  men  were  considerably  jaded  and  foot-sore.  The 
order  in  regard  to  pillaging  and  foraging  was  enforced,  and  the  men  suf- 
fered in  consequence  of  an  insufficient  supply  of  meat.  Taking  into  con- 
sideration the  fact  that  this  regiment  has  been  but  a  week  in  the  field,  and 
received  their  arms  only  two  days  before  they  had  marching  orders,  I 
have  the  honor  to  report  that  they  behaved  well  during  the  entire  march. 
None  were  killed,  none  wounded,  none  missing." 

Thus  closes  the  miUtary  history  of  Worcester  for  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-two. 


THIRD   YEAR   IN   WORCESTER. —  DRAFTING.  1 73 


CHAPTER    IX. 

WAR  MATTERS  IN  WORCESTER  IN  THE  THIRD  YEAR. 

It  will  be  interesting  in  coming  years  to  know  the  effect  of 
the  war  on  the  industry  and  prosperity  of  the  people  of  this 
city.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1861,  business  was  more  thriv- 
ing perhaps  than  ever  before.  This  was  certainly  true  in 
regard  to  many  branches  of  industry.  The  Eastern  States 
had  the  machinery  and  the  skilled  artisans  which  were  neces- 
sary to  keep  the  wheels  of  war  in  motion  ;  and  in  these  regards 
Worcester  was  peculiarly  fortunate.  "  Most  of  the  establish- 
ments in  the  city  were  in  full  operation,  many  of  them  running 
over  time,  and  with  much  more  than  the  usual  complement  of 
hands,  in  the  manufacture  of  articles  worn  by  the  soldiers,  or 
in  making  tools  and  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  those 
articles."  For  example,  Messrs.  Fox  &  Mayo  had  a  contract 
for  making,  in  four  months,  two  hundred  thousand  yards  of 
kerseys  for  soldiers'  use.  George  Crompton's  loom  works 
were  running  night  and  day,  making  blanket  looms  for  many 
large  woolen  mills  in  the  country.  He  was  also  building 
machinery  for  stocking  guns.  Nathan  Washburn  was  making 
five  tons  of  rifle-barrel  iron  per  day,  for  the  Springfield 
armory.  He  had  also  a  contract  for  making  150,000  musket- 
barrels,  for  private  parties.  Osgood  Bradley  had  a  large 
contract  for  making  gun-carriages,  forges,  &c.,  for  the  govern- 
ment. Wood  &  Light  had  seventy  hands  employed  on 
machinery  for  the  government,  and  for  various  parties  in  the 
country.  Shepard,  Lathe  &  Co.  were  more  busy  than  ever,  on 
contracts  for  Colt  of  Hartford,  for  the  Springfield  armory,  and 
for  other  parties.  Messrs.  Allen  &  Wheelock's  armory  had 
more  than  two  hundred  men  in  steady  employment.     Thayer, 


1/4  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Houghton  &  Co.  employed  some  fifty  hands  in  manufacturing 
machinery  for  the  government  and  private  armories.  Lucius 
W,  Pond  had  just  completed  a  battery  of  twenty  light-rifled 
cannon,  of  his  own  invention,  called  the  Ellsworth  guns. 
These  are  specimens  of  the  business  operations  of  the  city  in 
the  first  year  of  the  war.  And  the  same  was  true  of  succeed- 
ing years,  making  allowance  however,  for  a  large  increase  by 
these  and  other  individuals  and  firms.  The  old  distich 
respecting  the  industry  of  Englishmen,  with  the  alteration  of 
a  word,  might  be  applied  to  the  people  of  this  place. 

"  There  be  no  men  like  Winrcstcr  men, 
Such  working-men  as  they  be." 

As  a  matter  of  course,  this  pressure  of  business  raised  a 
demand  for  labor,  at  good  prices  ;  and  this  increased  the  diffi- 
culty of  procuring  volunteers.  Not  only  did  the  high  wages 
operate  to  keep  men  at  home,  but  many  skillful  mechanics 
could  justly  feel  that  they  were  doing  more  to  sustain  the 
government,  by  making  arms  and  implements  of  warfare,  than 
they  could  by  using  them  in  the  field. 

The  new  city  government  was  inaugurated  on  the  fifth  of 
January,  1863,  when  the  mayor,  Hon.  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,* 
delivered  his  Inaugural  Address.  The  following  extract 
expressed  the  general  feeling  in  relation  to  public  affairs. 
He  said  :  — 

"  With  unquestionable,  unhesitating  loyalty,  our  city  has  contributed  its 
full  share  of  men  and  means  to  aid  the  government  in  asserting  its  right- 
ful supremacy  over  the  rebellious  states  and  in  supporting  the  constitution 
of  the  country,  and  the  nationality  of  its  people.  There  is  scarce  a  battle- 
field on  the  Potomac  or  on  the  Peninsula,  that  has  not  witnessed  the 
heroism  and  the  endurance  of  our  glorious  Fifteenth  and  Twenty-first 
Regiments,  each  of  them  organized  here,  and  each  containing  a  company 
from  this  city.  Our  own  Twenty-fifth,  so  largely  composed  of  our  towns- 
men, has  shown  its  gallantry  at  Roanoke  and  Newbern,  and  more  re- 
cently, aided  by  the  Fifty-first,  at  Kinston  and  Goldsboro'.  The  Thirty- 
fourth,  now  patiently  discharging  an  equally  important  duty,  waits  but  an 
opportunity  to  perform  equally  brilliant  exploits." 

*  Mr.  Lincoln  had  been  authorised  by  Governor  Andrew  to  raise  a  regiment,  with  the  offer  of 
the  colonelcy  ;  but  soon  after  word  came  from  Washington  that  no  more  troops  were  needed  at  the 
time,  and  the  regiment  was  not  raised. 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. —  DRAFTING.  1/5 

The  following  facts  and  figures  are  gathered  from  the  same 
address.  Up  to  the  commencement  of  1863,  the  city  had 
furnished  sixteen  hundred  and  twenty  soldiers,  exclusive  of 
three  months'  men.  The  number  enlisted  during  the  year 
was  between  six  hundred  and  fifty  and  seven  hundred. 

The  amount  of  bounty  paid  by  the  city  was  $63,500. 
Other  expenses  in  enlisting,  $1,000.  State  aid  to  volunteers, 
about  $30,000.  Total  war  expenses  for  the  year  1862, 
$94,500.  The  preceding  year,  about  $14,500.  Total  war 
expenses  up  to  January  i,  1863,  not  far  from  $109,000.  The 
number  of  families  receiving  aid  was  five  hundred  and 
twenty-five,  and  the  monthly  payments  were  $4,000. 

On  the  twenty-third  of  February,  the  Freed-Slave  Com- 
mittee had  a  magnificent  Costume  Promenade  in  Mechanics 
Hall,  under  the  superintendance  of  the  following  ladies,  viz. : 

Mrs.  Ichabod  Washburn,  Mrs.  R.  R.  Shippen, 
"     Alonzo  Hill,  "     Merrill  Richardson, 

"     F.  W.  Paine,  "     B   F.  Heywood, 

"     Isaac  Davis,  "     Joseph  Sargent, 

"    Wm.  M.  Bickford,  "    John  Davis. 

Hundreds  could  not  get  admission.  The  scene  was  most 
brilliant.  Representations  of  all  nations  and  climes,  and  of 
all  ranks  of  society,  from  kings  and  queens  to  peasant  girls, 
clothed  in  rich  and  unique  costumes,  gave  variety  to  the 
pageant.  There  were  several  beautiful  little  flower-girls. 
Dancing  from  nine  to  twelve.  General  Butler  being  at  the 
Bay-State  House  was  invited  to  be  present.  He  was  received 
with  unbounded  enthusiasm,  and  made  a  brief  address.  The 
profits  were  about  $700. 

A  large  meeting  was  held  on  the  twelfth  of  March,  at  City 
Hall,  including  colored  citizens,  to  encourage  recruiting  for 
the  Fifty-fourth  Regiment,  (colored,)  afterwards  so  famous  at 
Charleston,  under  Colonel  Shaw  of  deathless  fame.  Remarks 
were  made  by  Rev.  M.  Richardson,  Rev.  Rush  R.  Shippen, 
and  other  gentlemen.     Eleven  recruits  were  received. 

April  30  was  a  Fast-day  by  appointment  of  the  president. 
There  was  a  union  meeting  at  the  Old  South  Church,  Rev. 
Dr.    Hill    presiding.      Rev.    Mr.    Lewis,    Methodist,    offered 


176  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

prayer  and  read  the  Scriptures.  Dr.  Hill  then  led  in  prayer, 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Sweetser  made  an  excellent  address,  adapted  to 
the  occasion.  He  was  followed  by  Messrs.  Chapin,  Shippen 
and  Richardson. 

At  the  Universalist  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John  was  out- 
spoken and  patriotic.  And  at  All  Saints  Church,  Rev.  Mr. 
Huntington  delivered  what  was  characterized  as  "  a  powerful 
and  patriotic  discourse." 

Dr.  Oramel  Martin  was  appointed  in  May,  by  the  presi- 
dent, surgeon  of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  for  this  Congres- 
sional District. 

The  Worcester  State  Guard  was  organized  on  the  twenty- 
eighth  of  May,  at  a  meeting  in  City  Hall.  Mayor  Lincoln 
was  in  the  chair. 

This  corps  was  independent  of  the  Home  Guards,  but  a 
man  might  be  a  member  of  both.  The  Home  Guards  were 
disbanded  voluntarily,  on  the  sixteenth  of  June.  A  full 
narrative  of  the  action  of  the  Home  and  State  Guards  will  be 
found  in  a  subsequent  chapter. 

On  the  sixth  of  July  came  news  of  the  glorious  results  at 
Gettysburg  following  the  three  days'  battle.  This  was  soon 
followed  by  the  equally  gratifying  news  from  Vicksburg. 
Bellowing  guns  and  pealing  bells  expressed  the  general 
rejoicing. 

Recruiting  went  on  slowly  in  the  spring  and  summer  of 
1863.  Two  years  of  war  had  already  called  into  the  field 
the  large  majority  of  those  who  could  easily  be  spared  from 
home,  as  well  as  thousands  of  those  who  were  sadly  needed 
in  all  the  ranks  of  society  and  business.  And  though  some 
progress  had  been  made  in  subduing  the  rebellion,  yet  the 
end  seemed  far  in  the  future.  Men  did  not  come  in  and  offer 
themselves  according  to  the  wants  of  the  service.  Congress 
passed  an  act  providing  for  a  draft  from  the  enrolled  men  of 
the  country,  and  a  new  enrollment  took  place  in  consequence. 
The  president  issued  his  call  for  a  large  levy  of  troops,  to  be 
filled  by  a  draft  on  the  first  of  July,  if  volunteering  did  not 
supersede  the  necessity  of  it.     There  was  no  great  efibrt  to 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. —  DRAFTING.  I  7/ 

fill  quotas  here  or  elsewhere,  as  drafted  men  could  be  exempted 
from  service,  by  furnishing  a  substitute,  or  paying  the  govern- 
ment a  commutation  of  three  hundred  dollars.  The  terrible 
riot  in  New  York,  and  the  incipient  outbreak  in  Boston  and 
other  places,  in  the  summer,  evinced  the  feeling  of  opposition 
to  the  draft,  which  was  felt  wherever  the  fires  of  patriotism 
burnt  low.  In  this  city  the  authorities  took  proper  precau- 
tions, and  the  State  Guard  were  at  hand,  ready  for  any 
emergency.  But  there  was  no  need  of  repressive  measures 
towards  any  of  our  citizens.  The  "  roughs  "  who  came  here 
for  the  sake  of  bounties  or  commutation  money,  with  the 
intention  of  deserting,  and  cheating  the  government,  found 
themselves  in  hands  from  which  they  could  not  escape  until 
they  were  delivered  over  to  the  national  authority. 

Drafting  began  at  the  City  Hall  on  the  eleventh  of  July,  at 
lo  o'clock,  A.:.i.  The  process  was  as  follows.  The  names  of 
all  the  enrolled,  written  on  a  slip  of  paper,  were  deposited  in 
an  octagonal,  church-like  instrument,  which  was  turned  by  the 
commissioner,  Samuel  V.  Stone,  and  the  names  were  drawn, 
one  by  one,  by  Mr.  S.  S.  Leonard,  whose  blindness  made  him 
an  excellent  man  for  the  purpose.  Mr.  Leonard  handed  the 
slip  to  the  provost-marshal,  who  untied  the  string  with  which 
it  was  bound,  and  read  the  name  and  characteristics  of  the 
conscript.  For  example  :  —  "  Peter  Bilney,  25,  white,  carpen- 
ter, single,"  &c.  The  name  was  then  given  to  a  clerk  who 
recorded  it.  Well-known  names  were  greeted  with  cheers 
from  the  crowd  in  the  room.  The  number  drafted  in  the 
difterent  wards  was  as  follows.  In  ward  i,  88  ;  2,  85  ;  3,  39  ; 
4,  89;  5.  87;  6,  91  ;  7,  121  ;  8,  102. 

One  of  the  papers  spoke  of  the  "  Humors  of  the  Draft," 
and  gave  the  following  facts.  Many  Cambridge  graduates  in 
the  city  of  the  proper  age  — eight  in  all  — were  drafted.  Eight 
were  taken  from  the  rolls  of  the  Bay-State  House.  The 
grocery  store  of  the  Messrs.  Cobb  was  cleaned  out,  the  pro- 
prietors and  clerks  all  being  taken.  Three  brothers  were 
drawn  in  ward  six.  The  three  clerks  at  the  Court  House 
were  taken.     The  conscripts  were  provided  with  good  music, 


1 78  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

as  the  Allen  brothers,  and  Messrs.  Bent,  Stearns  and  Thayer 
were  included.  There  were  eleven  Yale  students  in  the 
county,  —  nine  of  them  in  this  city,  —  of  whom  eight  were 
drafted.  The  names  of  those  who  served  in  person,  who 
furnished  substitutes,  or  paid  $300,  will  be  found  in  a  follow- 
ing chapter.  The  result  of  the  draft  was  as  follows,  as  re- 
ported on  the  last  of  August.  There  were  seven  hundred 
men  drafted.  Of  these,  one  hundred  and  eighty-two  were 
accepted  ;  disabled,  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  ;  special 
exemption,  two  hundred  and  thirty-one  ;  not  reported,  one 
hundred  and  two.  Of  these,  ninety-nine  paid  commutation  ; 
forty-nine  procured  substitutes  ;  eleven  entered  the  service ; 
twelve  furloughed  ;  four  not  reported. 

On  the  eighteenth  of  October,  Rev.  Mr.  Souther  delivered 
a  sermon  in  the  Central  Church,  appropriate  to  the  times. 
He  showed  what  woman  had  done  in  the  war,  and  what  she 
had  yet  to  do. 

The  City  Council,  at  a  meeting  held  October  28,  unani- 
mously voted,  on  the  call  of  the  president  for  three  hundred 
thousand  volunteers,  that  the  quota  of  Worcester  should  be 
promptly  filled  by  voluntary  enlistment.  The  following  reso- 
lution was  passed  :  — 

"  Resolved,  That  the  City  Council  will  afford  every  possible  aid  to  the 
state  and  national  authorities,  and  will  cordially  co-operate  with  the  peo- 
ple in  raising  the  number  of  volunteers  appointed  to  this  city." 

The  draft  called  for  three  hundred  and  forty-seven  men 
from  Worcester.  In  reference  to  this,  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson 
preached  a  sermon  on  "  The  Nation's  Call,  and  the  Citizens' 
Duty."  Other  clergymen  preached  able  and  patriotic  dis- 
courses, bearing  on  the  special  wants  of  the  government,  and 
the  corresponding  duties  of  the  people,  on  Thanksgiving  day, 
the  twenty-sixth  of  November.  An  abstract  of  a  very  season- 
able discourse  by  Dr.  Hill  was  published  in  the  Palladium  of 
the  second  of  December. 

A  series  of  meetings  was  held  in  the  closing  weeks  of  the 
year,  to  aid  in  raising  the  requisite  number  of  soldiers.  These 
meetings  will  not  be  reported  at  length,  inasmuch  as  the  same 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. DRAFTING.  I/Q 

arguments  and  persuasives  were  used' on  different  occasions  ; 
but  each  meeting  will  be  noted,  and  occasional  speeches  will 
be  given  so  far  as  the  limits  of  this  work  will  admit. 

The  first  of  the  series  was  held  in  Mechanics  Hall, 
November  21,  and  was  largely  attended  in  spite  of  a  raging 
storm.  His  Honor,  the  mayor,  was  in  the  chair,  supported 
by  a  long  list  of  prominent  gentlemen  as  vice-presidents, 
including  Levi  Lincoln,  Charles  Allen,  A.  H.  Bullock, 
Stephen  Salisbury,  Isaac  Davis,  Ichabod  Washburn,  John  S. 
C.  Knowlton,  and  others.  The  president  stated  the  object  of 
the  meeting,  and  called  on  the  people  of  Worcester  to  do 
their  duty.  After  the  "  Star-Spangled  Banner "  had  been 
sung,  the  Hon.  Isaac  Davis  was  introduced. 

He  spoke  with  great  spirit,  and  closed  by  quoting  from 
Fenelon  this  noble  sentiment :  —  "  That  any  man  should  love 
his  family  before  himself,  his  country  before  his  family,  and 
his  God  before  his  country."  Make  this  principle  yours,  and 
if  need  be,  take  yourself  away  from  home  and  friends,  in  the 
noble  work  of  sustaining  our  government. 

It  was  moved  by  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  Esq.,  that  a  large 
committee  be  appointed  to  aid  in  recruiting.  This  was 
adopted,  when  the  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock  was  called  out  amid 
cheering,  and  spoke  in  this  strain  :  — 

"  We  will  renew,  this  night,  one  and  all,  our  allegiance  to  the  fortunes 
of  our  afflicted  country.  There  is  no  alternative.  The  war  must  go  on. 
We  stand  in  the  breach  to  rebuke  timidity,  to  cheer  and  succor  those  who 
stand  by  the  flag  and  country  in  its  hour  of  trial.  The  door  of  peace  lies 
through  steady,  persevering  war,  culminating  in  victory.  War  with  all 
the  vigor  of  the  government,  all  the  power  of  our  armies.  War,  war, 
should  be  the  universal  impulse.  Standing  as  we  do  between  our  own 
living  and  dead,  not  a  leaf  in  the  forest,  not  a  ripple  on  the  farthest  shore, 
should  whisper  peace.  Alternations  of  victory  and  defeat  belong  to  all 
history.  But  if  we  be  true  and  earnest,  patriotic  and  enduring,  out  of 
these  vicissitudes  the  orb  of  the  Union  will  emerge  at  last  in  precious 
luster. 

'  So  sinks  the  day-star  in  the  ocean  bed, 
And  yet  anon  repairs  his  drooping  head, 
And  tricks  his  beams,  and  with  new-spangled  ore 
Flames  in  the  forehead  of  the  morning  sky.'  " 


l80  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

After  the  "  Marseillaise  Hymn,"  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  was 
introduced.     He  said  :  — 

"  Before  us  lies  one  mighty,  perilous  work.  It  is  the  work  of  president, 
cabinet,  governor  and  mayor,  and  it  is  equally  the  work  of  every  day- 
laborer  in  the  land.  But  young  men  !  remember,  you  are  the  ones  upon 
whom  devolves  the  duty  of  going.  Remember  that  your  loved  families 
shall  not  be  forgotten  by  us  at  home  ;  remember  that  you  shall  not  be  for- 
gotten in  the  prayers  of  those  who  remain  at  home.  We  want  three  hun- 
dred and  forty-seven  men  ;  let  us  not  wait  for  the  draft.  There  lies  the 
duty  ;  yonder  lies  the  glory  ;  and  can  the  young  men  of  Worcester  afford 
not  to  have  part  in  this  glorious  struggle  for  yourselves  and  your  children, 
for  freedom  and  for  God  ?  " 

The  war  committee  raised  at  this  meeting  chose  the  follow- 
ing gentlemen  as  a  sub-committee  to  co-operate  with  the  com- 
mittee of  the  City  Council  in  procuring  volunteers,  viz.  :  — 
Dr.  Merrick  Bemis,  T.  W.  Wellington,  Colonel  A.  B.  R. 
Sprague,  Captain  Nicholas  Power,  George  Crompton,  Alzirus 
Brown,  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  Major  E.  A.  Harkness,  and  Loren 
Coes. 

The  proceedings  of  the  above  meeting  may  be  fitly  supple- 
mented by  the  following  extract  from  the  Spy  of  the  twenty- 
sixth  of  November. 

"  A  Bright  Example.  —  Among  the  volunteers  in  this  city  who  have 
responded  to  the  last  and  probably  final  call  of  the  president,  we  notice 
the  name  of  Rev.  Samuel  Souther,  the  well-known  and  respected  city  mis- 
sionary, and  who  has  been  a  useful  member  of  the  legislature  from  this 
city  for  the  last  two  years.  He  has  enrolled  his  name  at  the  headquarters 
of  Lieutenant  Gird.  His  patriotic  example  we  believe  will  soon  be  fol- 
lowed by  many  others  who  are  beginning  to  feel  that  the  noblest  opportu- 
nity of  a  lifetime  is  before  them." 

An  immense  gathering  in  Mechanics  Hall,  in  spite  of  the 
powerful  rain,  November  28,  evinced  the  public  feeling.  The 
meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Hon.  Stephen  Salisbury, 
when,  on  motion  of  George  M.  Rice,  Esq.,  the  mayor  was 
called  on  to  preside.  After  congratulations  on  the  success  of 
our  arms  in  Tennessee  and  in  Virginia,  he  urged  the  young 
men  to  be  up  and  doing  if  they  wished  to  take  a  part  in  the 
final  and  speedy  overthrow  of  the  rebellion. 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. DRAFTING.  l8l 

He  then  called  on  Colonel  Homer  B.  Sprague,  a  former 
resident,  and  principal  of  the  High  School,  who  had  served  at 
the  head  of  a  Connecticut  regiment,  under  Butler  and  Banks, 
and  who  had  volunteered  at  Port  Hudson,  to  lead  a  forlorn 
hope  of  one  thousand  men  to  storm  that  fortress.  The 
speech  of  Colonel  Sprague  was  replete  with  fiery  and  pa- 
triotic eloquence.     He  exclaimed  :  — 

"  Noble  is  the  record  of  this  state  !  No  party  or  political  creed  has 
been  known  since  the  fall  of  Sumter.  Let  us  forget  the  past.  I  have 
seen  whigs,  democrats  and  republicans,  —  white  and  black  men,  —  fight 
side  by  side  under  the  same  starry  flag,  and  seen  them  buried  in  a  common 
grave ;  and  in  your  baptism  of  fire  and  blood,  I  have  learned  what  no 
soldier  of  Port  Hudson  will  ever  forget,  that  Massachusetts  is  earning  im- 
mortal honors.  Out  of  death  comes  life,  and  out  of  its  ashes  and  fire,  our 
nation  shall  rise,  Phoenix-like,  to  new  life.  Pass  round  the  olive  branch  ? 
No.  Down  vipon  traitors  like  an  Alpine  avalanche.  March  on  for  hu- 
manity, and  strike  for  all  the  world." 

Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  among  other  things,  made  the  following 
remarks,  which  are  worthy  of  permanent  record. 

"  Allusions  have  been  made  by  the  eloquent  officer  who  has  just  taken 
his  seat,  to  the  subject  of  slavery.  I  do  not  propose  to  say  anything 
about  that  matter.  It  is  an  institution  I  abhor  and  loathe.  It  is  between 
the  upper  and  the  nether  millstone,  and  will  be  ground  to  powder.  [Great 
applause.]  If  this  foul  blot  is  erased,  we  will  forever  shout  '  Glory,  halle- 
lujah !  '  The  present  is  the  greatest  conspiracy  of  which  we  have  an  ac- 
count since  the  rebel  angels  undertook  to  overthrow  the  Almighty." 

Rev.  Edward  A.  Walker  made  an  address  characterised  by 
great  eloquence  of  style  and  beauty  of  language,  as  well  as  a 
spirit  of  fervid  patriotism,  illustrating  the  following  sentiment. 
"  In  other  wars  men  have  gone  forth  to  battle  for  the  pos- 
session of  the  gTonnd  on  which  the  cross  was  erected.  We 
fight  for  the  pj'inciplcs  for  which  Christ  died.  When  the 
crusaders  went  to  war,  they  took  with  them  a  piece  of  the 
cross  as  a  talisman  :  their  helmet  being  adorned  with  relics, 
or  emblazonments  on  their  garments.  So  should  our  volun- 
teers desire  some  relic  under  which  to  go  forth."  He  then 
offered  to  the  first  volunteer  who  should  come  forward,  a 
piece  of  the  original  "  Star-spangled  Banner." 


1 82  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

A  volunteer,  by  the  name  of  Thomas  Gloster,  claimed  the 
relic.  As  he  enrolled  his  name,  three  times  three  cheers 
were  given  with  great  enthusiasm. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Souther  was  received  with  loud  applause,  as 
he  came  forward  to  give  the  reasons  why  he  had  enlisted. 
He  referred  to  the  wants  of  the  country,  the  sufferings  of  the 
soldiers,  and  to  the  terrible  hardships  of  our  prisoners, 
"  whose  skinny  fingers  were  beckoning  him  to  their  rescue." 
Major  McCafferty  made  the  closing  speech,  strongly  urging 
those  present  to  enlist  forthwith.  Three  more  volunteers 
then  came  upon  the  platform  and  signed  the  rolls,  viz.  :  Ser- 
geant-Major George  E.  Barton,  late  of  the  Fifty-first,  Martin 
E.  Anderson,  and  H.  H.  Washburn. 

The  first  of  December  had  its  war  meeting  at  the  City 
Hall,  when  addresses  were  made  by  Hon.  Stephen  Salisbury, 
Rev.  Messrs.  Souther  and  St.  John,  Colonel  A.  B.  R.  Sprague, 
and  Hon.  Peter  C.  Bacon.  The  latter  gentleman,  who  in 
offering  his  sons  to  his  country,  had  given  pledges  of  devotion 
to  its  sacred  cause,  made  a  few  remarks,  eloquently  and 
earnestly  urging  the  young  men  of  Worcester  to  enlist.  In 
stirring  language  he  presented  the  arguments  which  should 
prompt  all  to  do  their  duty.  At  the  close  of  the  meeting 
the  mayor  announced  that  up  to  that  time  forty-seven  had 
volunteered. 

Another  meeting  was  held  in  the  same  place,  on  the  next 
evening,  over  which  George  W.  Benchley  presided.  Speeches 
were  made  by  Rev.  David  A.  Wasson  and  General  Calvin  E. 
Pratt,  formerly  of  this  city,  but  who  had  distinguished  himself 
at  the  head  of  New- York  troops,  in  many  well-fought  fields. 

This  meeting  was  followed  by  another  on  the  evening  of  the 
fourth,  at  the  same  place,  when  Colonel  A.  B.  R.  Sprague  was 
called  to  the  chair,  and  Colonel  J.  M.  Studley  acted  as  secre- 
tary. Some  of  the  sayings  at  this  meeting  must  go  on  per- 
manent record,  showing  as  they  do  the  progress  of  right  sen- 
timent in  the  country. 

Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  raised  and  answered  the  question, 
"  Why  has  the  progress  of  the  war  been  so  slow  ?  " 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. DRAFTING.  I  83 

1.  War  always  lasts  longer  than  the  people  suppose  at  the  outset. 

2.  The  work  presses  harder  than  any  one  supposed. 

3.  We  feared  the  slaveholders  more  than  we'  feared  the  devil.  For 
eighteen  months  we  did  not  conduct  the  war  according  to  the  laws  of  war. 
Four  major-generals  of  our  army  issued  proclamations  promptly  ofifering 
their  services  in  putting  down  any  negro  insurrection,  but  exhibited  no 
such  feeling  toward  the  masters.  For  tliirty  years  we  have  stood  in  awe 
of  the  institution  of  slavery,  and  the  southern  oligarchy  has  done  just  as  it 
pleased.  For  fifteen  years  no  publishers  of  school-books  dared  to  put  the 
word  '  freedom '  into  their  publications,  and  all  the  pieces  which  so  thrilled 
us  in  our  school-boy  days,  have  been  omitted.  The  same  thing  has  been 
done  by  some  of  our  religious  societies  for  publication.  The  American 
Tract  Society  of  New  York  altered  sixty  books,  leaving  out  every  word 
relating  to  slavery,  showing  conclusively  the  power  of  the  institution. 
The  serpent  of  slavery  has  wound  itself  about  our  schools  and  our 
colleges,  and  reached  the  top  of  our  church  spires,  holding  the  nation  in 
its  iron  grasp. 

In  ancient  Rome  one  citizen  bolder  than  the  rest,  dared  to  ascend  the 
ladder,  broad-axe  in  hand,  to  smash  down  the  idol  of  the  people  ;  the 
crowd  was  looking  on,  meanwhile,  pale  and  trembling  ;  so  in  our  day 
Lincoln  raises  the  ladder  and  ascends  to  smite  American  Slavery  to 
death  ;  yet  he  dared  not  give  the  fatal  blow,  —  the  American  people  all 
fearing  lest  the  universe  should  fall,  till  he  could  do  it  as  a  military  neces- 
sity. Within  eighteen  months  there  were  officers  in  our  regiments  who 
would  leave  the  ranks  to  kick  a  negro.  But  it  is  all  over  now.  [Ap- 
plause.] We  have  forty-eight  colored  regiments  in  the  field.  Port  Hud- 
son and  Fort  Wagner  prove  the  negro's  ability  to  fight.  Is  not  this 
progress  ? " 

Hon.  Henry  Chapin  remarked  that  the  "rebels  had  given 
us  the  privilege  of  fighting  them  with  confiscation  and  eman- 
cipation as  a  military  necessity.  When  standing  on  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  as  our  army  did  on  Lookout 
Mountain,  we  are  fighting  above  the  clouds."  Joseph 
Mason,  Esq.,  brought  out  the  fact  that  this  was  not  "a  war  of 
conquest,  but  a  war  between  two  civilizations.  One  or  the 
other  must  prevail  and  rule  the  nation."  Colonel  Sprague 
made  a  brief  but  eloquent  appeal  to  "old  men,  young  men,  and 
the  ladies,  in  the  name  of  the  illustrious  dead,  and  those  still 
living  in  the  field,  to  take  hold  of  this  war  in  earnest." 

A  meeting  held  on  the  fifth  was  addressed  by  George  M. 
Rice,  Joseph  Chamberlain,  and  John  G.  Tobey,  Esqs.,  and   by 


184  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

Rev.  Dr.  Hill.  The  latter  spoke  in  a  very  impressive  stiain, 
feeling  deeply  the  crisis  of  the  country,  but  rejoicing  that  at 
last,  slavery  was  to  be  abolished.  Major  McCafiferty  said  that 
slavery  was  the  "  most  damning  thing  that  existed  in  any 
community.  The  right  to  enslave  a  black  man  was  equally 
the  right  to  enslave  the  white  man  ;  and  much  as  he  despised 
British  oppression  of  his  ancestors,  he  still  more  heartily 
despised  American  slavery." 

The  address  of  the  Hon.  Peter  C.  Bacon  was  received  with 
many  marks  of  approbation.  Among  other  remarks,  he 
said  :  — 

"  This  call  of  the  president  was  the  clarion  call  of  the  great  head  of  the 
republic.  Do  you  ask  for  inducements  ?  They  are  honor,  fame,  glory, 
pecuniary  reward  ;  all  that  a  man  could  desire.  We  are  succeeding  well. 
Grant  with  Banks  cut  the  confederacy  in  twain  at  Vicksburg  and  Port 
Hudson.  ...  I  thank  God  there  is  a  draft,  and  that  there  is  power  in  the 
government  to  help  itself,  if  required.  [Applause.]  We  are  not  powerless. 
The  government  has  the  strength  of  a  giant.  God  forbid  that  we  should 
ever  succumb  to  this  rebellion.  [Applause.]  The  draft  is  the  salvation  of 
our  country.     The  omens  are  good,  and  all  that  is  needed  is  men.'''' 

Another  meeting  was  held  on  the  eighth  at  City  Hall,  at 
which  Hon  W.  W.  Rice  presided.  He  spoke  of  the  unani- 
mous feeling  among  loyal  men  that  it  was  "  the  duty  of  the 
government  to  expend  our  last  dollar  and  man  till  our  flag 
shall  float  over  every  foot  of  soil  blest  by  its  sway."  The 
Hon.  P.  Emory  Aldrich  compared  these  meetings  to  those 
formerly  held  in  times  of  great  religious  interest.  Though  the 
subject  now  was  diflerent,  there  was  a  deep  solemnity  and  a 
fixed  purpose  in  the  public  mind  to  save  our  government  ; 
and  he  closed  with  an  eloquent  appeal  to  young  men,  telling 
them  "  they  lived  in  a  heroic  age,  and  that  duties  could  only 
be  performed  in  the  midst  of  heroic  dangers." 

There  were  other  meetings  on  the  tenth,  the  twelfth,  the 
fifteenth,  the  nineteenth,  the  thirtieth,  and  the  thirty-first  of 
December,  which  were  addressed  by  gentlemen  whose  names 
have  appeared  so  often  in  the  preceding  pages,  and  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Banvard,  Lieutenant  Gird,  Julius  Tucker,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Willis  who  enrolled  himself  amidst  great  applause.     An  ab- 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. —  DRAFTING.  1 85 

stract  of  two  speeches,  one  by  Hon.  Ira  M.  Barton,  and  the 
other  by  General  Devens,  will  be  given,  on  account  of  their 
intrinsic  merit,  and  because-  those  gentlemen  have  occupied 
but  a  limited  space  in  these  pages. 

At  the  meeting  on  the  tenth,  Judge  Barton  spoke  at  length, 
and  with  great  force,  on  the  subject  of  the  war,  showing  that 
the  idea  of  two  nations  on  our  soil,  "  was  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  humbugs  which  ever  got  into  a  sick  man's  brain." 
He  closed  by  saying  : 

"  The  South  has  appealed  to  the  laws  of  war,  and  the  laws  of  war  let 
them  have.  These  laws  know  nothing  of  slaves  or  slavery.  I  believe  the 
president's  proclamation  is  as  sacred  as  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  con- 
stitution. Joshua  endeavored  to  induce  the  ancient  Israelites  to  enter  the 
promised  land.  Some  were  reluctant  to  follow  him  thither,  and  Joshua 
closed  the  address  to  them  with  the  expostulation :  '  Choose  ye  this  day 
whom  ye  will  serve.'  I  trust  you  will  all  join  me  in  the  asseveration  : 
'As  for  us  and  our  houses,  we  will  serve  God  and  our  country.'  " 

The  speech  by  General  Devens  in  Mechanics  Hall,  on  the 
twelfth,  was  so  compact  with  sense  and  eloquence  that  it 
must  either  be  omitted  or  given  entire.  The  latter  alterna- 
tive is  chosen,  with  the  conviction  that  successive  generations 
of  readers  will  be  grateful  for  this  patriotic  utterance,  express- 
ive as  it  was  of  the  sentiments  of  the  author  and  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  at  the  time.  The  applause  was  frequent  while 
he  spoke  as  follows  :  — 

"  The  last  time,"  said  the  general,  "  I  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  you 
in  this  hall,  was  when  we  were  raising  our  quota  of  the  nine  months' 
troops,  and  I  recollect  that  it  seemed  as  if  the  recruiting  was  going  on 
very  slowly,  and  that  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment  had  to  wait  too  long  for 
its  ranks  to  be  filled.  But  Massachusetts  did  raise  the  fifteen  thousand 
men  she  was  then  asked  for,  and  I  do  not  doubt  it  will  be  done  now,  and 
that  you,  fellow-citizens,  will  do  your  share  of  it.  I  know  it  seems  some- 
times as  if  our  energies  were  overtasked,  and  that  no  swifter  work  could 
be  accomplished,  but  by  and  by  we  find  the  reserved  strength  which  en- 
ables us  to  do  what  we  undertake,  just  as  a  noble  race-horse  receives 
new  impulse  of  speed  as  he  nears  the  winning  post ;  or  as  our  boys 
in  their  boat-races,  when  nearing  the  goal,  and  the  coxswain  gives 
the  word  '  Now  boys,'  give  the  swifter  pull  that  carries  them  to  the 
desired  position.  So  now  we  shall  find  the  suxi^^th  which  s!ial!  carry 
us  throusfh. 


1 86  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

I  believe  that  the  enthusiasm  first  manifested  has  deepened  to  a  stern 
resolution  to  crush  the  conspiracy  with  which  we  have  struggled  for  more 
than  two  years.  More  than  ever  now,  as  we  see  its  dark  colors,  do  we 
see  that  this  struggle  involves  our  life  as  a  nation,  and  that  we  must  crush 
it  or  be  crushed  by  it.  There  are  two  different  types  of  civilization  at  the 
North  and  South,  which  we  had  hoped  might  blend  peacefully  in  our 
broad  and  genial  nationality.  But  it  could  not  be.  A  government  such 
as  they  would  establish  with  its  corner-stone  of  slavery,  could  not  live  at 
peace  with  ours.  It  must  have  been  bold,  aggressive,  rapacious,  pressing 
upon  any  government  like  ours  that  sought  its  power  in  arts  of  peace  ;  and 
so  in  any  event,  this  conflict  could  not  have  been  avoided.  '  Thrones  got 
by  blood  must  be  by  blood  maintained,'  and  states  founded  in  wrong 
must  be  by  wrong  maintained  ;  and  thus  they  would  have  maintained 
their  government.  We  cannot  over-estimate  the  tremendous  importance 
of  the  struggle  in  which  we  are  engaged,  both  to  ourselves  and  to  the 
world.  We  must  not  fail  in  our  duty.  We  know  more  help  is  needed, 
and  that  if  we  would  utterly  crush  the  serpent,  we  must  replenish  our 
armies.  As  I  look  upon  this  splendid  audience,  I  know  that  Worcester 
feels  deeply  the  pressing  nature  of  the  call. 

When  Rosecranz  was  repulsed  at  Chickamauga,  the  complaints  came 
up  why  we  did  not  have  more  men,  forgetting  that  it  was  not  so  easy  for 
the  Secretary  of  War  to  transport  troops  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
fifteen  hundred  miles,  to  the  desired  spot  at  an  hour's  notice.  When  the 
Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Army  Corps  went  to  reinforce  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland, how  we  all  wished  swiftness  of  movement  for  them  in  their  long 
journey.  Thank  God  for  it,  they  came  in  time.  The  glorious  victory  of 
Chattanooga  was  the  result.  Well  might  the  veteran  Grant  rejoice  when 
he  saw  at  their  head  that  flashing  sword,  and  knew  that  in  the  conflict  be- 
fore him  he  might  rest,  not  only  upon  the  cool  courage  and  determination 
of  General  Thomas,  but  also  upon  the  restless  energy  and  fiery  valor 
of  that  general  we  are  wont  to  call  '  fighting  Joe  Hooker.' 

He  appealed  to  the  young  men  between  eighteen  and  forty-five  to 
recollect  that  this  was  their  battle  ;  that  bounties  were  generous,  and  pro- 
vision for  families  all  that  could  be  desired  ;  and  there  will  be  no  excuse 
to  decline  to  take  a  part  in  the  struggle.  He  called  to  mind  a  despondent 
remark  made  by  a  subordinate  in  a  brigade  of  Massachusetts  men  he  had 
the  honor  to  command,  on  the  night  of  the  retreat  from  Fredericksburg, 
doubting  of  our  success.  I  said  to  him,  '  What  then  .-'  You  have  done 
your  utmost,  and  you  can  stand  thus  with  the  dignity  of  manhood  any- 
where.' But  there  is  not  a  doubt  of  our  success.  Everywhere  is  to  be 
seen  the  evidence  of  its  speedy  coming.  Not  only  by  the  splendid  vic- 
tories of  Grant,  but  with  the  successful  movement  of  General  Banks,  stay- 
ing foreign  interference  with  one  hand,  while  with  the  other  it  presses  back 
the  rebellion  ;  and  I  doubt  not  that  we  shall  soon  hear  the  thunders  of 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. —  DRAFTING.  1 8/ 

artillery  pressing  against  the  infernal  prison-house  of  Richmond.  I  trust, 
3-oung  men,  you  will  do  your  duty,  and  not  have  it  hereafter  to  say,  '  / 
was  young  ajtd  strong,  hit  left  the  army  to  figlit  ivithorit  my  help.^  The 
tender  reproach  of  a  French  king  to  a  tardy  officer  after  a  great  victory 
was  '  Ah,  Creillon,  what  a  brave  day  we  had  yesterday,  and  you  were  not 
there!''  Look  to  it,  that  even  a  reproach  like  this  be  not  laid  to  your 
charge." 

By  this  time  a  large  number  of  enlistments  had  been  made. 
Some  were  new  soldiers,  and  others  were  veterans  from  the 
old  regiments,  whose  time  of  service  had  expired,  but  who 
could  not  withhold  their  aid  while  the  call  of  the  country  was 
so  urgent.  Colonel  Pickett  wrote  that  twenty-nine  veterans 
at  Newport  News  had  re-enlisted  for  the  war.  Such  a  spirit 
at  home  and  in  the  field  was  a  good  augury  for  the  year  to 
come. 


1 88  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER    X. 

SIX  REGIMENTS  IN  ACTIVE  SERVICE  IN  EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED 
AND  SIXTY-THREE. 

A  BRIEF  survey  of  the  general  field  of  war  should  be  taken 
before  following  the  six  regiments,  in  which  this  city  was 
specially  interested,  into  the  field,  in  the  begining  of  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three. 

In  the  West  our  military  history  was  a  record  of  hard-won 
success.  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  had  fallen  before  the 
assaults  of  Grant  and  Foote  ;  Island  No.  lo  had  yielded  to 
General  Pope  ;  we  had  conquered  at  Pittsburg  Landing  and 
Corinth ;  and  at  Stone  River,  Rosecranz,  barely  escaping 
defeat,  still  held  the  field  against  a  retiring  foe.  Our  fleet 
commanded  the  Gulf,  and  with  the  army  controlled  the 
Mississippi  far  above  New  Orleans.  The  success  of  Du  Pont 
at  Hilton  Head,  gave  us  permanent  possession  of  a  part  of 
the  South  Carolina  coast,  while  the  triumphs  of  Burnside  at 
Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern,  held  all  of  eastern  North 
Carolina  in  submission.  Antietam  had  retrieved  the  disasters 
of  the  Peninsula.  Our  troops  entered  upon  the  third  year 
with  decided  advantages,  notwithstanding  the  failure  at 
Fredericksburg.  The  emancipation  proclamation  met  the 
convictions  of  the  better  part  of  the  people;  it  brought 
thousands  of  colored  soldiers  to  our  standards,  and  it  struck 
dismay  into  the  hearts  of  all  thoughtful  southerners.  Thence- 
forth the  blessing  of  a  holy  providence  seemed  to  rest  upon 
us,  for  though  our  forces  were  not  successful  at  Chancellors- 
ville,  yet  elsewhere,  on  land  and  sea,  they  were  triumphant. 
Before  the  year  1863  closed,  the  confederacy  had  been  severed 
by  the  capture  of  Vicksburg   and    Port    Hudson,  the  rebel 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  1 89 

marches  northward  had  been  finally  stayed  by  the  great  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  and  the  campaign  had  been  closed  in  triumph 
at  Chattanooga.  With  the  end  of  1863  the  beginning  of  the 
end  of  the  war  was  in  sight.  It  is  now  our  lot  to  see  what 
part  the  brave  soldiers  of  Worcester  bore  in  this  year's  toils, 
hopes  and  triumphs. 

Section  I.  —  The  Fifteenth  Regiment. 
After  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  in  December,  1862,  the 
regiment  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Falmouth,  Virginia, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Philbrick  in  command.  Nothing  of 
special  interest  occurred  during  the  winter  months,  unless  it 
was  the  arrival  of  Colonel  Ward,  who  had  been  absent  on 
account  of  the  loss  of  a  leg  since  the  Ball's-Blufif  disaster  in 
October,  1861.  He  assumed  command  on  the  fifth  of 
February.  The  "  regiment  was  subjected  to  a  heavy  detail 
for  picket  duty  during  the  winter  and  spring.  The  Fifteenth, 
as  a  part  of  the  Second  Division,  was  ordered,  on  the  twenty- 
eighth  of  April,  to  picket  the  line  previously  occupied  by 
other  troops,  while  the  latter  were  moved  towards  Kelly's 
Ford.  Colonel  Ward  was  now  acting  as  brigadier,  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Joslin  commanded  the  regiment.  On  the 
second  of  May,  the  regiment  passed  the  Rappahannock  at 
Fredericksburg,  on  pontoon  bridges,  a  little  before  sunrise, 
without  serious  opposition.  What  followed  on  that  day  will 
be  given  in  the  language  of  the  adjutant-general's  report  for 
1863. 

"  The  Fifteenth  was  soon  after  directed  to  take  a  position  on  the  ex- 
treme right  of  the  First  Brigade,  and  commenced  moving  to  a  point  on  the 
right  of  the  city  ;  and  at  the  same  moment,  the  enemy's  batteries  opened 
from  three  different  points  with  sohd  shot  and  shell,  which  they  kept  up 
while  the  regiment  was  going  the  distance  of  half  a  mile.  At  the  same 
time  this  movement  was  going  on,  the  enemy  were  hurrying  up  their  infan- 
try at  double-quick  and  filling  the  rifle-pits  on  the  crest  of  the  hill  in  our 
fronts,  almost  in  rifle  range.  It  was  our  good  fortune  to  have  a  slight 
embankment  for  a  cover,  where  we  remained  for  two  hours,  until  the  po- 
sition known  as  '  Mary  Heights,'  in  rear  of  the  famous  bank-wall  rifle-pit,  — 
where  so  many  brave  men  laid  down  their  lives  at  the  first  battle  of  Fred- 


1 90  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

ericksburg,  —  was  flanked  by  General  Sedgwick's  Sixth  Corps,  and  the 
enemy  in  our  front  began  to  fall  back.  A  canal,  some  thirty  feet  wide 
and  too  deep  to  ford,  prevented  our  advancing  directly  in  front,  and  we 
were  obliged  to  return  to  the  city  before  doing  so.  During  the  time  we 
had  remained  there,  the  enemy  had  placed  two  guns  in  such  a  position  on 
the  bluff,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  that  they  had  an  enfilading  fire  on 
our  line  while  returning  to  the  city  ;  but  either  through  their  great  haste 
to  join  their  fleeing  comrades,  or  bad  practice,  they  did  us  little  harm  ; 
but  two  were  slightly  wounded  during  the  whole  shelling.  After  following 
up  the  enemy  two  miles,  the  second  division  was  ordered  back  to  the 
city  ;  the  Fifteenth  to  the  north  bank  of  the  river,  supporting  battery  A, 
First  Rhode  Island  Artillery,  which  covered  the  pontoon  bridge,  where  we 
remained  until  the  following  clay  about  dusk,  when  companies  A,  B,  E, 
and  G,  moved  into  the  rifle-pits,  above  and  below  the  bridge,  to  cover  its 
removal." 

As  the  regiment  camped  near  the  banks  of  the  river  until 
the  eighth  of  May,  it  does  not  seem  to  have  been  in  the  battle 
at  Chancellorsville  on  the  fourth,  after  which  General  Hooker 
withdrew  his  forces  to  the  north  of  the  Rappahannock.  The 
regiment  was  engaged  in  picket  duty  along  the  banks  of  the 
river  till  June  14,  and  after  a  march  of  three  miles  towards 
Stafford  Court  House,  returned  to  its  old  camp.  The  next 
day  it  made  a  new  start  and  passed  Stafford  Court  House. 
The  day  being  "  excessively  hot,  and  the  roads  dusty,  and  a 
great  portion  of  the  way  leading  through  vallies  shut  out  from 
the  air,  and  terribly  exposed  to  the  hot  rays  of  the  sun,"  the 
men  suffered  fearfully.  The  distance  made  that  day  was 
eighteen  miles.  From  the  sixteenth  to  the  nineteenth,  the 
regiment  moved  by  Dumfries  and  Sangster's  Station  to 
Centerville,  where  it  arrived  at  dark.  The  weather  was  hot 
and  the  service  very  exhausting.  The  army  was  on  its  way 
northward  toward  the  field  of  Gettysburg,  not  knowing  what 
would  befall  it  there. 

On  the  twentieth  the  march  was  to  Thoroughfare  Gap, 
which  was  reached  about  midnight,  —  a  distance  of  eighteen 
miles.  Resting  till  the  twenty-fifth,  the  forces  then  moved 
towards  the  Potomac,  the  right  wing  of  the  regiment  being 
deployed  as  flankers,  and  exposed  to  the  artillery  and  cavalry 
of  the  enemy.     One  man  was  wounded.     A  heavy  rain  added 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD. 


191 


to  the  hardships  of  the  march.  The  bivouac  was  at  Gum 
Springs.  The  next  morning  Edward's  Ferry  was  reached, 
and  the  Potomac  crossed,  a  few  miles  from  the  scene  of  the 
Ball's-Bkifif  disaster. 

On  the  twenty-sixth  the  regiment  marched  twelve  miles, 
and  encamped  near  Sugar-Loaf  Mountain  ;  on  the  next  day, 
to  Frederick  City,  eighteen  miles,  and  on  the  twenty-ninth, 
to  Uniontown,  thirty-three  miles. 

Here  the  following  order  was  issued  by  General  Gibbon  ; 
dated  the  twenty-ninth,  and  read  to  the  regiment :  — 

"  The  Fifteenth  and  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  for  march- 
ing to-day  in  the  best  and  most  compact  order,  and  with  the  least  strag- 
gling from  their  ranks,  are  excused  from  all  picket  duty  and  outside  details 
for  four  days." 

As  a  matter  of  course,  the  "  men  were  much  prostrated  by 
this  terrible  tax  on  their  endurance."  The  last  day  of  June 
was  the  "  regular  muster  for  pay,"  and  on  that  day  General 
Meade  assumed  the  command  of  the  army. 

The  march  was  resumed,  July  i,  at  eight  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  and  about  noon  heavy  cannonading  was  heard  to  the 
northward.  Passing  Taneytown,  the  troops  hurried  forward 
to  the  Pennsylvania  line,  "  under  stringent  orders  to  allow  no 
man,  for  any  cause,  to  fall  behind."  The  bivouac  that  night 
was  three  miles  south  of  Gettysburg,  behind  a  barricade  of 
rails,  after  a  march  of  seventeen  miles.  The  first  day  of  the 
battle  was  over  without  any  decisive  results.  But  Howard 
was  posted  on  Cemetery  Ridge,  and  Meade,  calm  and  self- 
possessed,  was  gathering  up  his  strength. 

An  hour  before  daylight,  the  regiment  was  on  its  way  to 
the  field  of  battle,  and  about  sunrise  got  into  position  behind 
Cemetery  Ridge,  where  a  large  part  of  the  Second  Corps  was 
massed.  There  was  skirmishing  in  the  forenoon,  and  about 
one,  P.M.,  the  enemy  opened  fire  with  artillery  on  the  corps, 
bursting  their  shells  with  great  accuracy  over  the  position. 
The  Fifteenth,  with  another  regiment  of  the  brigr.de,  was  now 
moved  out  to  position  full  three  hundred  yards  in  front  of  the 
main  line,  where  a  barricade  of  rails  was   hastily  thrown  up. 


192  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

About  sunset  the  enemy  made  a  furious  assault  on  our  lines. 
Having  driven  in  the  Third  Corps,  they  speedily  gained  the 
flank  of  this  advanced  detachment  of  the  Second.  The 
batteries  on  the  ridge  opened  on  their  advance  with  grape  and 
case  shot  ;  but  through  some  deplorable  mistake,  most  of 
the  shots  fell  short,  and  tore  with  destructive  effect  through 
the  ranks  of  the  Fifteenth.  Exposed  thus  to  a  fire  in  the 
front,  flank  and  rear,  the  regiment  was  forced,  after  consider- 
able loss,  to  fall  back  to  the  position  behind  the  ridge,  where 
it  bivouacked  on  the  battle-field. 

Friday,  the  third  of  July,  was  the  decisive  day.  The  rebels 
made  desperate  efforts  to  break  our  lines,  but  were  repulsed 
at  all  points.     The  report  shall  speak  for  us,  as  follows  : 

"  The  rebels  opened  on  our  lines  with  over  a  hundred  pieces  of  artillery 
at  about  one,  p.m.  This  terrible  fire  was  continued  for  over  two  hours  ; 
but  though  the  air  seemed  full  of  the  fragments  of  bursting  shells,  but 
comparatively  little  damage  was  done.  At  three,  p.m.,  the  rebel  infantry 
moved  to  the  assault.  Our  men  sprang  promptly  to  meet  them,  glad  at  a 
prospect  of  work,  relieving  them  from  their  painful  recumbent  position, 
which  a  broiling  sun  rendered  the  more  intolerable.  This  contest  lasted  an 
hour  or  two  ;  during  which  both  armies  showed  a  determination  to  hold 
the  ground,  regardless  of  the  results.  A  slight  wavering  of  the  rebel  line 
was  detected,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  Colonel  Hall,  commanding  the 
Third  Brigade,  the  colors  of  the  F"ifteenth  were  ordered  to  advance  by 
Colonel  Joslin,  when  the  remnant  of  the  regiment,  led  by  the  colonel, 
rallied  promptly  around  them,  and  the  whole  line,  as  if  moved  by  one  im- 
pulse, rushed  forward  and  carried  the  position." 

The  battle  was  now  ended,  and  the  enemy,  bitterly  disap- 
pointed, began  to  draw  off  from  the  bloody  field.  But  the 
duty  of  our  regiment,  —  what  was  left  of  it,  —  was  not  done. 
They  were  sent  out  to  picket  the  field,  and  at  daylight  on  the 
morning  of  the  fourth  of  July,  skirmishing  was  commenced, 
which  continued  ui^til  the  regiment  was  relieved  at  eight 
o'clock.  The  Fifteenth  suficred  severely  in  this  long-fought 
battle.  It  went  into  the  action  with  eighteen  officers  and 
two  hundred  and  twenty-one  enlisted  men.  During  the  three 
days,  it  lost  three  officers  killed  and  eight  wounded  ;  and 
nineteen  enlisted  men  killed,  and   eighty-five  wounded,  many 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  I93 

of  whom  died  soon  after.  The  total  of  killed  and  wounded 
was  one  hundred  and  fifteen,  nearly  one  half  of  the  officers 
and  men.  Among  the  killed  were  Colonel  Ward  and 
Captains  Murkland  and  Jorgenson. 

From  the  last  day  of  the  battle  to  the  fourteenth,  the 
regiment  was  following  the  enemy,  over  "horrible  roads,"  and 
some  of  the  time,  in  "  pouring  rains,"  when  Williamsport  was 
reached,  where  Lee  succeeded  in  getting  his  discomfited 
troops  across  the  Potomac.  The  enemy  slowly  and  sullenly 
retired  southward,  followed  by  our  forces,  during  the  remainder 
of  the  year,  without  any  great  action  to  vary  the  campaign,  or 
decide  the  fate  of  the  nation.  It  will  not  be  necessary  or 
profitable  to  note  every  movement  of  our  regiment,  which 
bore  its  full  share  of  hard  service  to  the  end. 

Passing  Sharpsburg,  Sandy  Hook,  and  Pleasant  Valley,  and 
crossing  the  Potomac  and  Shenandoah  rivers  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  on  the  sixteenth,  the  regiment  took  its  way  through 
Loudon  Valley,  over  the  same  ground  traveled  in  the  fall 
campaign  of  the  previous  year.  A  halt  of  several  days  was 
made  at  Markham  Station,  on  the  Manassas  Gap  railroad, 
July  23,  during  which  a  portion  of  the  Third  Corps  became 
engaged  with  the  enemy  at  the  Gap.  The  Second  Corps  was 
hurried  to  its  assistance  as  fast  as  possible,  over  paths  fright- 
fully rough,  and  reached  the  scene  of  conflict  about  midnight, 
when  the  exhausted  men  were  allowed  to  take  coffee  and 
bivouac  for  the  remainder  of  the  night.  In  the  morning  it 
was  found  that  the  enemy  had  retreated.  The  next  two  days 
the  regiment  marched  forty-three  miles,  and  went  into  camp 
at  the  Junction,  where  it  remained  to  the  thirtieth  of  July. 
From  this  date  to  the  fifteenth  of  August,  the  marches  were 
generally  short.  The  extreme  heat  caused  much  suffering. 
At  the  last  date,  one  hundred  and  seventy-nine  recruits  under 
the  "  Conscript  Act "  were  received. 

While  in  the  camp  near  Morrisville,  orders  came  for  the 
regiment  to  be  ready  to  move  at  three  o'clock  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  thirty-first.  The  Second  Corps  "  marched  at  that 
hour  toward  Falmouth,  to  guard  the  fords  along  the   Rappa- 

13 


194  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

hannock,  while  the  cavalry  force  with  flying  artillery,  under 
General  Kilpatrick,  moved  farther  down  to  destroy  two  small 
gunboats  in  the  river,  captured  by  the  enemy  a  few  days  be- 
fore. The  regiment  with  the  rest  of  the  Second  Divison  went 
to  Bank's  Ford,  arriving  there  about  sunset,  twenty  miles. 
The  gunboats  having  been  destroyed,  the  line  of  march 
was  again  taken  up,  and  the  old  camp  was  reached  at 
two  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  fourth,  where  a  halt  was 
made  till  the  twelfth  of  September.  In  the  meantime  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Hooper  had  been  taken  prisoner.  The  next 
move  was  on  the  thirteenth  across  the  Rappahannock  towards 
Culpepper  Court  House,  for  the  purpose  of  sustaining  the 
cavalry  ;  meanwhile  cannonading  was  heard  towards  Raccoon 
Ford  on  the  Rapidan.  The  men  had  scarcely  pitched  their 
tents,  when  orders  came  to  be  prepared  to  move  at  a  moment's 
notice.  "  Every  man  laid  himself  down  that  night  with  the 
feeling  that  he  would  be  called  upon  to  meet  the  enemy  on 
the  anniversary  of  the  bloody  battle  of  Antietam."  But  no 
battle  came  off,  though  there  was  picket-firing  for  several 
days,  which  kept  our  men  on  the  alert,  and  compelled  them  to 
deploy  and  reach  their  position  at  the  double-quick. 

Two  great  armies  being  in  close  proximity,  under  able  and 
vigilant  commanders,  there  was  a  constant  possibility  of  a  de- 
cisive conflict.  Each  leader  was  careful  not  to  fight  until  the 
proper  time  should  come,  but  as  each  was  watching  for  the 
other  to  make  a  mistake,  the  soldiers  were  kept  on  the  stretch 
almost  without  cessation.  Accordingly  all  through  the 
months  of  September,  October  and  November,  the  Fifteenth 
Regiment,  in  common  with  the  rest  of  the  army,  was  march- 
ing, or  picketing,  or  skirmishing,  or  lying  through  the  night 
with  orders  to  move  at  a  moment's  warning.  For  example, 
on  the  tenth  of  October,  about  noon,  "  orders'  were  received 
to  strike  tents  immediately,  and  the  regiment  had  scarcely  got 
packed  up,  when  the  bugle  sounded  the  '  assembly  ; '  lines 
were  formed  and  marched  out  some  four  miles  west  of  the 
ground  occupied,  and  formed  a  line  of  battle  along  a  piece  of 
woods,  stacked  arms,  and  bivouacked  in  rear  of  the  stacks." 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  I95 

The  next  morning  at  half  past  one  the  regiment  was  turned 
out  and  marched  via  Brandy  Station  to  Rappahannock  Sta- 
tion ;  at  noon  it  re-crossed  the  river,  and  moved  out  one  mile 
north  of  Bealton  station. 

The  same  thing  occurred  the  next  morning  at  one  o'clock. 
The  river  was  crossed  again.     At  midnight  orders  came  to 
turn  out  at  once,  and  again  the  river  was  passed  in  a  march 
towards  the  Sulphur  Springs,  where  our   cavalry   had  been 
repulsed  the  day  before.     The  next  move  was  towards  War- 
renton  Junction  ;  then  to  Manassas  Junction.     While  passing 
Auburn,  on   the   fourteenth,  the   enemy  attacked  the   Third 
Division   of  the  Second    Corps,  the    Fifteenth    marching  as 
flankers  of  the  First  Brigade,  and  thus  exposed  to  danger. 
Near  Bristow  Station  the  head  of  the  column  was  assailed  by 
the  enemy's  infantry  and  artillery,  and  as  our  regiment  was  in 
the  first  line,  it  was  under  a  sharp  fire  about  an  hour ;  "  hotly 
engaged  "  until  the  enemy  withdrew,  after  suffering  a  severe 
loss.     In  this  action  Lieutenant  Charles  H.  Stevens  was  mor- 
tally wounded,  two  privates  were  killed,  nine  wounded,  and 
two  were  missing.     Considering  the  exposure,  the  loss  was 
small.     The  next   day  the  regiment  was  formed  in  line    of 
battle,  was   exposed   to  picket-firing  and  also  under  fire   of 
the  enemy's  artillery,  though  without  harm.     On  the  twenty- 
third  the  regiment  went  into  camp  near  Warrenton,  and  began 
to  build  log-houses  ;  but  were  not  able  to  inhabit  them  ex- 
cept for  a  short  time.     The   seventh  of  November  brought 
the   inevitable  order   to  move,  and    Kelley's   Ford    was   not 
reached  till  one  of  the  hardest  marches  ever  experienced  by 
the  regiment  had  been  made.     "  Many  of  the  men  had  just 
drawn  clothing,  which,  together  with  eight  days'  rations,  and 
rapid    marching   over  a  dusty   road,  told  on    their  strength 
severely,  although  the  distance  marched  was  but  about  twenty 
miles."     From    this  time   to  the    twenty-seventh  there   was 
constant  exposure,  and  marching ;  forming  "  line  of  battle," 
and  enduring  torrents  of  rain. 

At  this  time  General  Meade  was  anxiously  seeking  a  favor- 
able occasion  to  attack  General  Lee,  but  the  rebel  leader  was 


196  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

found  to  be  so  guarded  and  entrenched,  that  it  would  have 
been  the  height  of  rashness  to  fight.  The  twenty-se  venth, 
at  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  saw  our  regiment  again  turning 
out  for  a  rapid  march  ;  in  the  course  of  the  day  it  was  at  its 
old  position,  acting  as  "  flankers,"  and  thus  exposed  to  the 
enemy's  fire.  This  was  the  afiair  at  "  Mine  Run."  The 
rebels  were  driven  back.  In  this  skirmish  the  regiment  lost 
eighteen.  Two  officers  were  wounded,  —  one  of  them  Lieu- 
tenant Newbury,  mortally;  —  one,  Colonel  Joslin,  was  taken 
prisoner ;  nine  men  were  wounded,  and  six  men  missing. 
The  command  now  devolved  on  Captain  Eager. 

A  line  of  battle  was  formed  on  the  twenty-eighth,  and  again 
on  the  thirtieth.  On  the  morning  of  the  latter  day,  the 
regiment  turned  out  at  two  o'clock,  and  moved  in  front  of  the 
rebel  fortifications,  expecting  to  make  an  assault.  But  the 
enemy  were  reinforced,  and  their  position  was  impregnable. 
The  first  of  December  was  like  the  preceding  day,  the  regi- 
ment lying  in  line  of  battle  nearly  all  day  ;  but  the  attempt 
was  hopeless,  and  at  nine  o'clock,  p.m.,  the  army  was  with- 
drawn and  moved  to  Ely's  Ford,  on  the  Rapidan.  The  next 
night,  at  the  same  hour,  after  twenty-four  hours' march,  they 
reached  the  old  camp  at  Brandy  Station.  The  regiment  went 
into  winter  quarters  near  Stevensburg.  For  the  third  time 
they  built  their  log-houses,  and  at  last  found  some  rest  from 
marching  and  fighting.  But  their  is  no  complete  rest  for  the 
soldier  in  the  field,  and  our  wearied  men  furnished  heavy 
details  daily  for  fatigue-duty,  repairing  roads  and  building 
bridges. 

Thus  closed  one  of  the  longest  and  severest  campaigns  in 
the  war.  From  January  to  the  end  of  December,  the  regi- 
ment was  in  harness  almost  without  rest.  Long  and  weary 
marches,  constant  picket  duty,  exposure  to  pitiless  heat  and 
violent  storms,  all  told  on  the  strength  and  endurance  of 
officers  and  men.  Besides  many  skirmishes  and  combats,  the 
Fifteenth  was  in  one  of  the  hardest  and  bloodiest  battles  of 
the  war,  and  one  of  the  greatest  in  all  history,  in  which  it 
bore  an  honorable  part.     Its  record  at  Gettsyburg  was  graven 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  I97 

indelibly  into  the  annals  of  the  republic.  It  had  lost  during 
the  year,  one  colonel,  —  the  brave  and  capable  Ward  —  by 
death  in  battle  ;  Colonel  Kimball  had  been  transferred  to  the 
Fifty-third  ;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Joslin  and  Major  Hooper 
had  been  captured,  and  several  other  officers  had  been  killed 
in  battle,  or  had  died  of  wounds.  The  losses  of  the  men  on 
the  battle-field  and  in  all  the  wear  and  tear  of  war  had  been 
numerous,  and  there  was  sorrow  in  many  houses  in  Worcester 
county. 

Section  II.  —  The  Twenty-first  Regiment. 

This  regiment  was  left  at  the  close  of  1862,  at  Falmouth, 
where  it  remained  doing  picket  duty  on  the  Rappahannock, 
during  the  cold  and  stormy  month  of  January,  1863,  tmder  the 
command  of  Colonel  Clark.  It  broke  camp  on  the  ninth  of 
February,  and  left  the  region  with  no  regretful  feelings.  Its 
hardships  had  been  borne  patiently,  but  the  memory  of  its 
heroic  dead  who  fell  at  Fredericksburg,  was  saddening.  In 
two  days  the  regiment  reached  Newport  News,  and  remained 
there  until  March  26,  when  it  was  ordered  to  the  west.  It 
reached  Paris,  Kentucky,  on  the  first  of  April,  and  encamped 
in  the  State  Fair-Grounds.  Four  days  later  it  marched  to 
Mount  Sterling,  twenty-two  miles,  "  where,"  says  the  official 
report  for  the  year,  "  it  remained  three  months,  gaining  there 
one  of  its  greatest  victories  —  that  of  teaching  a  people  once 
prejudiced  against  'Yankees,'  to  look  upon  Massachusetts 
troops  with  respect  and  affection.  The  opinion  was  universal 
among  the  inhabitants  of  that  country,  that  no  troops  could 
compare  with  those  from  Massachusetts." 

The  regiment  marched  thirty-three  miles  on  the  sixth  of 
July,  to  Lexington.  Thence  it  went  to  Camp  Nelson,  and 
there  encamped  till  the  twelfth  of  September,  when  it  started 
for  East  Tennessee,  and  marched  one  hundred  and  eighty-five 
miles,  to  Knoxville.  From  this  time  until  the  close  of  the 
year,  there  was  incessant  marching,  watching,  starving  and 
fighting.  It  is  indeed  surprising  that  men  could  endure  the 
hardships  and   toils   which  were   cheerfully  borne   by  these 


igS  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

brave  sons  of  Worcester  city  and  county.  Colonel  Clark  had 
been  honorably  discharged  near  the  end  of  April,  and  the 
regiment  was  now  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel 
H  awkes. 

After  a  week's  marching  and  exposure,  the  regiment,  on 
the  eleventh  of  October,  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Blue 
Springs,  where  the  enemy  was  driven  from  his  position  and 
pursued  twenty-six  miles.  The  march  in  that  expedition  was 
seventy-seven  miles.  From  October  22,  to  November  14, 
marching  and  counter-marching  was  the  order  of  the  day, 
when  the  men  were  exposed  to  the  severe  storms  of  that 
season  of  the  year,  in  the  mountain  region  of  Tennessee. 
Their  sufferings  were  aggravated  by  poor  rations  and  scanty 
clothing.  They  were  on  "  half  or  quarter  rations  all  the  time, 
poorly  clad  and  badly  shod.  Twenty  men  marched  and  did 
duty  all  this  time  who  were  completely  barefooted!' 

Burnside  was  now  in  command  on  the  upper  branches  of 
the  Tennessee,  while  Grant  was  dealing  heavy  blows  on  the 
rebels  in  the  neighborhood  of  Chattanooga.  None  who  read 
the  accounts  of  the  brilliant  exploits  of  our  troops  in  the 
retreat  upon  Knoxville,  the  successful  stand  there,  and  then 
the  pursuit  of  the  discomfited  enemy  in  the  fall  of  1863,  will 
ever  forget  the  thrilling  effect  with  which  they  were  perused 
at  the  time.  The  following  narrative  of  the  falling  back  upon 
Knoxville,  before  overpowering  numbers,  is  taken  from  the 
official  report. 

"November  15,  before  daylight,  the  regiment  broke  camp  in  a  cold, 
heavy  rain  and  was  formed  into  line  in  readiness  for  action.  All  through 
that  day  and  the  following  night  the  rain  continued  to  fall,  and  when 
at  two  o'clock,  A.M.,  the  regiment  started  for  Loudon  Bridge,  the  roads 
were  almost  impassable.  It  cleared  off  cold  at  daylight,  and  the  regiment 
after  an  exhausting  march,  was  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and  until  three 
P.M.  held  the  position  assigned  them.  The  regiment  was  then  ordered  to 
fall  back  slowly,  while  the  artillery  and  trains  were  struggling  through  the 
mud  towards  Knoxville.  All  through  the  following  night  the  regiment 
worked  its  weary  way.  At  daylight,  November  sixteenth,  the  regiment 
halted,  but  soon  the  rattle  of  musketry  called  it  into  action,  and  it  re- 
mained under  fire  until  darkness  put  an  end  to  the  contest,  and  our  troops 
having  narrowly  escaped  destruction  during  the  day,  barely  escaped  cap- 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  1 99 

ture  in  the  evening,  and  began  a  third  night's  march  ;  and  after  a  night  of 
such  exhausting  toil  as  cannot  be  described  by  pen,  reached  Knoxville  at 
daybreak,  November  seventeentli.  During  this  succession  of  marches 
and  fights,  the  men  had  not  been  supplied  with  even  half-rations.  But 
the  half-barefooted,  half-clothed  and  half-starved  men  marched  to  Knox- 
ville in  good  order,  having  honored  Massachusetts  by  their  cheerfulness 
and  hardiness  through  such  constant  and  long-continued  labor  and 
watchfulness." 

On  arriving  at  Knoxville  the  regiment  was  placed  in 
position,  and  sent  a  large  detail  on  picket.  All  through  the 
siege  of  Knoxville  it  was  on  active  duty  continually  —  "  being 
one  night  on  picket  and  the  next  in  the  rifle-pits."  On  the 
twenty-fourth  of  November  the  Twenty-first  "  made  one  of 
the  most  brilliant  charges  of  the  siege,  when  with  another 
picked  regiment,  and  the  entire  party  under  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Hawkes,  it  attacked  the  sharpshooters  of  the  enemy  and 
drove  them  from  the  houses  and  fences  of  North  Knoxville, 
from  the  rifle-pits  beyond,  and  took  and  held  possession  of  all 
the  ground  fortified  and  occupied  by  the  rebels  within  the 
outskirts  of  North  Knoxville.  In  doing  this,  we  attacked  and 
drove  twice  our  number,  and  that  in  the  face  of  the  rebel 
army  and  batteries."  During  the  entire  siege,  all  who  could 
keep  about,  were  on  duty,  and  were  constantly  exposed.  One 
soldier  —  Dwight  Ripley,  —  though  exposed  but  a  moment, 
was  shot  dead  on  the  twenty-fifth. 

The  enemy,  under  Longstreet,  three  days  later,  made  a 
general  attack  in  force,  and  drove  in  our  pickets.  Early  on 
Sunday  morning,  the  twenty-ninth,  they  attacked  General 
Ferrero's  position,  in  Fort  Saunders,  and  were  met  by  a 
murderous  discharge  of  grape  and  canister,  and  the  steady 
fire  of  our  rifle-pits.  They  fell  back,  faltered  and  fled,  leaving 
two  colonels,  several  captains,  and  in  all  over  one  hundred 
dead  on  the  field.  Two  hundred  and  thirty-four  prisoners 
were  captured,  and  the  enemy's  loss  in  the  assault  was  not  far 
from  seven  hundred,  while  our  loss  did  not  exceed  twenty-five. 
But  our  soldiers  were  "  wearing  out,"  being  on  less  than 
quarter-rations,  and  kept  on  the  watch  continually,  yet 
"  cheerful  "  and  dauntless. 


200  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  siege  was  raised  on  the  fifth  of  December,  but  even 
then  the  Twenty-first  could  not  be  spared,  and  was  ordered  to 
follow  up  the  baffled  enemy.  How  is  our  admiration  and 
gratitude  hightened  by  reading  the  closing  lines  of  the 
Adjutant-General's  Report. 

"From  that  time  the  regiment  saw  wearisome  marches  and 
constant  exposure,  (the  tents  having  been  left  behind),  and 
was  reduced  to  such  an  extremity  that  two  ears  of  corn  a  day 
were  issued  to  each  man  as  his  rations.  Thus  situated,  in  the 
woods  of  East  Tennessee,  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  December, 
the  proposal  was  made  to  the  regiment  to  re-enlist  for  a  new 
term  of  three  years,  and  in  thirty-six  hoitrs,  all  but  twenty-four 
of  the  regiment  had  rc-cnlistcd.  During  this  time  the  utmost 
enthusiasm  prevailed." 

Section  III.  —  The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment. 

We  left  the  Twenty-fifth,  at  the  close  of  1862,  at  Newbern, 
North  Carolina,  whither  it  had  recently  returned  from  the 
expedition,  under  Colonel  Pickett,  to  Kinston  and  Goldsboro'. 
During  this  expedition,  the  officers  and  men  won  the  highest 
praise  from  their  commander,  who  says,  that  "  on  the  march, 
in  the  bivouac,  under  fire,  in  everything  they  were  called  upon 
to  perform,  they  showed  all  the  qualities  of  the  tjiie  soldier!^ 

The  history  of  the  regiment  for  the  year  1863,  will  be 
drawn  from  the  full  and  lucid  reports-  of  Colonel  Pickett  to  his 
official  superiors. 

The  first  expedition  was  made  in  compliance  with  the 
orders  of  Colonel  Henry  C.  Lee,  (then  commanding  the 
brigade,)  to  the  forks  of  the  Trenton  and  Kinston  roads, 
seventeen  miles  from  Newbern.  This  was  undertaken  on  the 
fifth  of  March,  and  was  completed  on  the  tenth.  The  point 
of  destination  was  reached  about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 
Secreting  his  force  from  observation,  the  colonel  sent  three 
companies  of  infantry,  under  Captain  J.  Waldo  Denny,  with 
two  companies  of  the  Third  New  York  Cavalry,  at  midnight, 
rapidly  up  the  Kinston  road.  The  cavalry  in  advance  were 
fired  upon  by  the  rebel  pickets.     "  They  immediately  made  a 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD,  201 

most  gallant  charge  of  over  a  mile,  the  infantry  following  at 
double-quick."  The  cavalry  cai^tured  two  scouts  of  the 
enemy,  while  a  sergeant  and  a  private,  on  our  side,  were 
wounded.  Captain  Denny  being  apprised  that  the  camp  of 
the  rebels  was  alarmed,  ordered  the  infantry  in  advance,  and 
pushed  on,  receiving  and  returning  their  fire  from  various 
points,  when  within  a  short  distance  of  their  camp,  the 
infantry  were  deployed  as  skirmishers  on  each  side  of  the 
road.  The  line  moving  up  steadily,  passing  the  barricade  of 
trees,  and  when  within  a  few  rods  of  the  rebels,  intrenched  by 
another  barricade,  received  a  heavy  volley  of  musketry.  This 
was  returned,  and  after  a  sharp  skirmish,  the  rebels  were 
routed,  and  pursued  for  some  distance,  but  escaped  into  the 
woods.  Pursuit  being  useless,  and  perhaps,  under  the  circum- 
stances, imprudent,  Captain  Denny  ordered  his  men  to  return, 
burnt  their  camp,  destroying  twelve  tents,  several  log  barracks, 
a  large  number  of  new  knapsacks,  arms,  equipments  and 
blankets,  several  boxes  of  new  clothing,  and  in  fact,  every- 
thing left  by  the  rebels  in  their  hasty  departure."  Only  five 
prisoners  were  taken.  Our  troops  met  with  no  loss  ;  only 
two  men  were  wounded,  and  after  a  march  of  sixteen  miles, 
the  detachment,  at  six  o'clock,  a.m.,  had  returned  to  our 
bivouac.  The  colonel  warmly  commended  "  the  gallantry, 
bravery,  and  endurance  of  both  officers  and  men  engaged  in 
the  affair."  They  had  seen  fatiguing  service  the  preceding 
day,  had  marched  eight  miles  after  midnight,  had  "  whipped 
the  rebels  handsomely,"  and  retired  by  daybreak.  Captain 
Denny  was  "entitled  to  great  praise  for  the  able  manner  in 
which  he  conducted  the  expedition."  And  the  colonel  was 
not  unmindful  of  his  "great  obligations  to  Captains  Jacobs 
and  Chamberlain,"  of  the  New  York  Cavalry. 

The  regiment  was  camped  for  a  time  at  a  place  styled 
"  Nethercotes."  While  here,  scouting  parties  were  sent 
occasionally  to  take  note  of  the  movements  of  the  enemy. 
On  the  morning  of  the  eighth  of  March,  Captain  O'Neil  dis- 
covered them  in  Trenton,  and  exchanged  shots  across  the 
river.     A   large  body  of  rebel  cavalry  approaching.  Colonel 


202  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

Pickett,  in  accordance  with  orders  from  Colonel  Lee,  fell  back 
to  a  more  defensible  position,  and  two  days  later  to  Newbern, 
leaving  Captain  Denny  with  four  companies  in  their  former 
position  at  Deep  Gully. 

In  the  spring  of  1863,  the  rebels  boasted  that  they  would 
drive  the  Union  troops  from  North  Carolina,  and  re-possess 
Newbern  on  the  fourteenth  of  March,  the  anniversary  of  its 
capture,  one  year  before,  by  General  Burnside.  The  first 
demonstration  was  made  on  the  afternoon  of  the  thirteenth  of 
March  on  the  outpost  at  Deep  Gully,  with  a  large  force  of 
infantry,  cavalry  and  artillery. 

On  this  da}''.  Colonel  Pickett,  with  six  companies,  started  at 
half-past  five  p.m.,  for  Deep  Gully,  where  the  other  four 
companies  were  stationed,  that  place  being  attacked  by  the 
enemy,  who  were  in  strong  force  in  front.  Guarding  and 
skirmishing  followed  till  morning,  when  a  company  was 
moved  forward  which  attacked  the  enemy's  line.  Musketry 
firing  was  kept  up  for  nearly  three  hours.  The  colonel's 
report  continues : 

"The  city  being  attacked  in  our  rear,  the  regiments  supporting  me  were 
withdrawn  for  its  defence,  and  I  was  left  wdth  my  regiment  and  two  pieces 
of  artillery,  to  take  care  of  the  enemy  as  best  I  could.  Having  special 
orders  from  General  Palmer  not  to  expose  the  pieces,  I  blockaded  the 
road  and  fell  back  to  a  better  position  at  the  Jackson  House,  and  awaited 
their  advance.  They  soon  began  to  shell  the  woods  around,  and  kept  it 
up  at  intervals  during  the  day,  but  did  not  advance.  .  .  .  Captain  Har- 
rington, with  one  company,  was  sent  out  to  observe  the  movements  and 
position  of  the  enemy  if  possible.  He  went  as  far  as  Deep  Gully,  and 
found  them  falling  back,  and  exchanged  shots  with  them  at  that  place." 

In  this  expedition  one  man  was  wounded,  and  one  was 
missing.  Nothing  of  special  importance  took  place,  in  the 
military  line,  for  about  two  months,  although  it  must  be  re- 
membered, that  our  forces  by  merely  holding  their  position, 
wei^e  doing  an  important  service. 

The  regiment,  however,  was  actively  employed,  although  no 
decisive  results  were  obtained.  The  enemy  failing  in  their 
attempts  on  Newbern,  next  turned  their  attention  to  Washing- 
ton and  Plymouth.     To  resist  and  foil  then-  designs,  Colonel 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  20$ 

Pickett  was  sent  on  the  eighteenth  of  March,  to  the  important 
post  of  Plymouth.  He  did  not  reach  the  place  a  moment  too 
soon,  as  the  rebels  were  already  threatening  an  attack.  The 
river  side  of  the  town  was  protected  by  our  gun-boats,  and 
the  whole  land  force,  under  command  of  Colonel  Pickett, 
began  immediately  to  perfect  the  fortifications  of  the  post. 
On  the  thirtieth,  General  Hill,  while  threatening  Plymouth, 
made  a  determined  attack  on  Washington.  While  he  was 
wasting  his  strength  vainly  there,  our  troops  at  Plymouth 
completed  the  work  of  fortifying  the  post  ;  and  General  Hill, 
with  his  rebel  forces,  dejected  and  discouraged,  withdrew. 
While  in  "Camp  Flusser,"  at  Plymouth,  the  Twenty-fifth, 
under  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Moulton,  performed 
much  laborious  service,  always  cheerfully  undergoing  the  most 
fatiguing  duties  to  ensure  the  safety  of  the  place.  On  the 
seventh  of  May,  the  regiment  being  relieved  by  troops  from 
General  Wessell's  brigade,  was  ordered  back  to  Newbern,  and 
re-occupied  its  old  camp  near  the  city. 

On  the  twenty-first  of  May,  the  regiment  started  at  half  an 
hour  after  midnight,  on  an  expedition  to  Gum  Creek.  After 
a  long  march,  and  a  ride  on  a  train  of  cars  about  eight  miles, 
the  regiment  reached  Cove  Creek  at  half-past  eleven,  p.m.  In 
half  an  hour  it  took  up  its  line  of  march  for  Gum  Creek,  Captain 
Denny  at  the  head  of  company  K,  acting  as  advance-guard. 
"  We  moved  on  quickly,"  writes  Colonel  Pickett,  "  meeting 
no  o])position  from,  or  seeing  any  signs  of  the  enemy,  till 
about  four  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-second  ;  then 
our  advance-guard  met  the  enemy's  pickets,  exchanged  shots 
wuth  them  and  drove  them  in.  Advancing  cautiously,  we 
were  soon  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  enemy's  camp.  By 
order  of  Colonel  Lee,  I  filed  my  regiment  into  the  field  to  the 
right  of  the  road,  and  took  position  on  the  left  flank  of  the 
enemy,  forming  line  of  battle."  Captains  Denny  and  O'Neil, 
with  their  companies,  were  sent  forward  as  skirmishers,  and 
to  discover  and  report  the  position  of  the  enemy.  They  soon 
sent  word  that  they  "  were  in  sight  of  a  long  line  of  earth- 
works, and  had  exchanged  shots  with  the  enemy.    I  instructed 


204  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

them  to  engage  him  closely,  so  as  to  draw,  if  possible,  his 
attention  from  his  flanks  and  rear.  This  they  succeeded  in 
doing  admirably.  Our  skirmishers  exchanged  their  first  shots 
with  the  enemy  at  his  earthworks,  at  about  half-past  six,  a.m. 
At  ten,  we  heard  firing  in  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  which  indi- 
cated the  approach  of  Colonel  Jones  in  that  direction.  I 
immediately  strengthened  my  line  of  skirmishers  by  throwing 
forward  company  A,  Captain  Goodwin,  and  moved  forward 
my  regiment  in  line  of  battle.  Company  A  was  soon  over  the 
earthworks.  The  enemy,  outflanked  and  attacked  in  the  rear, 
had  fled  precipitately  to  the  woods  and  swamps,  and  I  had  the 
pleasure,  in  a  few  moments,  of  seeing  my  regimental  colours 
planted  upon  their  entrenchments.  At  five,  p.m.,  the  enemy, 
—  no  doubt,  reinforced  from  Kinston,  —  moved  down  the 
railroad  and  commenced  shelling  the  woods.  The  object  of 
the  expedition  having  been  accomplished,  we  took  up  our  line 
of  march  for  Cove  Creek.'' 

On  the  return,  while  acting  as  a  rear-guard  on  the  twenty- 
third,  the  enemy's  advance-guard  fired  on  our  regiment  from 
the  opposite  side  of  the  creek.  Soon  word  came  that  three 
regiments  of  the"  enemy  were  moving  down  with  the  very 
"  evident  intention  of  striking  our  left  flank  and  rear"  before 
the  regiment  could  reach  the  cars.  By  good  management, 
this  design  of  the  enemy  was  foiled,  and  our  troops  retired 
safely  to  Newbern,  where  they  arrived  about  four,  p.m.  on  the 
twenty-third,  which  was  Saturday.  Three  privates  were 
wounded,  and  one  v/as  missing. 

On  the  third  of  July,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Moulton,  with 
companies  B,  C,  F,  I  and  K,  was  ordered  to  Washington, 
North  Carolina,  to  reinforce  the  garrison.  Three  companies, 
B,  C  and  F,  under  command  of  Captain  Foss,  garrisoned  the 
defences  at  Hill's  Point.  Company  I,  Captain  Parkhurst,  was 
stationed  at  Rodman's  Quarter,  and  company  K  was  retained 
in  the  city  as  provost-guard.  Captain  Denny  had  been  trans- 
ferred from  Newbern,  where  he  had  served  as  provost-marshal, 
to  the  same  position  at  Washington.  The  five  companies 
remaining  at  or  near  Newbern,  under  command  of  Colonel 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  20$ 

Pickett,  marched  on  the  seventeenth  of  July,  to  Swift  Creek, 
supporting  the  cavalry  column  in  the  Rocky  Mount  raid. 
There  was  slight  skirmishing  with  the  enemy.  They  returned 
on  the  twentieth. 

The  next  expedition  took  place  in  the  latter  part  of  July,  and 
extended  to  Winton.  Four  companies  of  the  regiment  left 
Newbern  on  the  twenty-fifth,  on  board  the  steamer  "  Colonel 
Rucker,"  at  six  o'clock  in  the  morning.  They  reached  Winton 
on  the  twenty-sixth,  where  they  disembarked,  "  and  went  into 
bivouac  on  the  Chowan  River.  On  the  twenty-eighth,  two 
companies  under  command  of  Captain  T.  O'Neil,  went  to 
Colerain,  twenty  miles  distant  from  Winton.  The  next  day 
they  returned,  bringing  with  them  thirty-three  horses  and 
mules,  a  number  of  carriages,  &c."  Detachments  of  companies 
G  and  H,  under  command  of  Captain  Harrington,  were  sent 
out  ten  miles  on  the  Colerain  road,  to  bring  in  cotton.  They 
returned,  next  day,  with  twelve  bales  of  cotton,  and  twenty 
horses  and  mules,  and  a  number  of  carriages,  harnesses,  &c. 
No  commissary  stores  were  met  with,  as  the  enemy  had 
removed  or  concealed  everything  of  the  kind.  On  the  last 
day  of  July  the  troops  embarked  on  the  steamer  Utica,  having 
in  charge  sixty-six  prisoners,  including  three  commissioned 
officers. 

At  this  time  the  force  under  command  of  Colonel  Pickett 
numbered  two  hundred  and  eighteen  enlisted  men  ;  nine  line 
officers  ;  three  field  and  staff"  officers  ;  total,  two  hundred  and 
thirty. 

The  month  of  August  was  passed  by  the  companies  at 
Newbern  in  the  work  of  entrenching  and  strengthening  the 
defences. 

Colonel  Pickett  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  sub- 
district  of  Pamplico,  head-quarters  at  Washington,  on  the 
sixth  of  September.  The  district  embraced  all  the  line  of 
fortifications  in  and  about  Washington ;  and  also  all  the 
defensible  works  on  the  Tar  River  and  vicinity.  At  the  same 
time  companies  A,  E,  G  and  H,  were  ordered  to  the  Red 
House,  on  outpost  duty,  under  command  of  Major  Atwood. 


206  WORCESTER    IN   THE   WAR. 

Company  D,  Captain  Foster,  garrisoned  Fort  Stevenson,  on 
the  Neuse  River.  On  the  twenty-second  of  October,  Surgeon 
Rice,  with  his  orderly,  was  taken  prisoner,  outside  the  lines, 
by  a  scouting  party  of  rebels,  near  our  outpost  at  Red  House. 
He  was  exchanged  after  a  brief  stay  at  the  "  Libby." 

In  this  scattered  condition  the  regiment  did  valuable  service 
until  October  23,  when  orders  were  received  for  the  Twenty- 
fifth  to  concentrate  at  Newbern,  under  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Moulton,  and  immediately  proceed  to  Fortress  Monroe,  with 
a  view  to  joining  in  a  projected  movement  on  Weldon  Bridge, 
North  Carolina  ;  but  in  the  meantime,  General  Foster  being 
ordered  to  Tennessee,  and  General  Butler  assuming  command, 
the  expedition  was  abandoned,  and  the  regiment  went  into 
camp  at  Newport  News.  On  the  fifth  of  December,  Colonel 
Pickett  having  been  relieved  from  the  command  at  Washing- 
ton, North  Carolina,  joined  the  regiment  with  the  adjutant, 
Lieutenant  McConville,  and  Lieutenant  Drennan,  both  of 
whom  had  been  serving  on  staff  duty  at  Washington  with 
him. 

On  the  fourteenth  of  December,  the  regiment  was  stationed 
at  Camp  Upton,  Newport  News,  where  it  remained  until  the 
fourteenth  of  the  succeeding  February.  While  there  four 
hundred  and  thirty-two  of  the  men  were  re-enlisted  under 
the  provisions  of  General  Order,  No.  191,  C.  S.,  1863,  War 
Department,  and  were  allowed  to  proceed  to  Massachusetts 
on  furlough  as  a  veteran  regiment. 

While  the  Twenty-fifth  was  absent  from  the  field,  and  the 
members  who  had  re-enlisted,  were  enjoying  the  delights  of 
home,  those  whose  term  of  service  had  not  expired,  and  who 
had  not  re-enlisted,  were  kept  in  active  service,  under  the 
following  "  General  Order." 

"  All  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  not  re-enlisting,  shall  be 
permanently  transferred  to  other  organizations,  to  serve  out  the  balance 
of  tlieir  term  of  service.  A'on-cominissioned  officers  will  be  reduced  to  the 
ranks y 

The  statements  which  follow  are  given  on  the  testimony, 
and  often  in  the  words  of  Sergeant  Samuel  H.  Putnam,  who 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD,  20/ 

belonged  to  Company  A.  In  consequence  of  the  above  order, 
companies  A,  G  and  I,  as  compcmics,  with  members  of  all  the 
other  companies  of  the  regiment,  in  all  two  hundred  and  forty- 
men,  left  Newport  News,  on  the  twenty-first  of  January,  1864, 
for  Yorktown  and  Williamsburg.  For  a  time  they  did  duty 
with  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-ninth  New  York  Regi- 
ment, Colonel  Roberts.  At  this  time  General  Butler  formed 
the  plan  of  taking  Richmond  by  surprise,  and  the  members  of 
our  regiment  were  in  the  expedition.  About  five  thousand 
troops  started  from  Williamsburg,  February  26,  two  thousand 
of  which  were  cavalry.  They  made  a  forced  march  as  far  as 
Bottom's  Bridge,  twelve  miles  from  Richmond.  The  cavalry 
made  a  dash  at  the  bridge,  but  were  repulsed.  The  plan 
seems  to  have  been  well-conceived,  but  was  probably  defeated 
by  treachery.  The  design  was  that  the  infantry  should  hold 
the  bridge,  when  taken,  while  the  cavalry  pushed  on  to  Rich- 
mond, where  they  were  to  destroy  public  property,  release  our 
prisoners,  do  all  possible  mischief  to  the  enemy,  and  return. 
Though  the  expedition  was  a  failure,  the  march  was  none  the 
less  severe.  The  distance  was  eighty  miles  in  three  days. 
Colonel  Roberts  gave  orders  that  all  stragglers  should  be  put 
under  arrest.  The  result  was  that  while  the  guard-house  was 
full  of  his  own  men,  not  a  man  of  our  regiment  was  found 
straggling.  Every  man  out  of  two  hundred  and  forty,  was 
"square  up  to  the  mark."  To  use  their  own  phrase,  they 
were  "  right  on  their  proud." 

After  returning  to  Williamsburg  they  were  engaged  in 
camp  duties,  and  sent  on  occasional  raids,  until  the  third  of 
March,  when  they  were  relieved,  and  marched  to  Newport 
News,  where,  in  due  time,  they  joined  the  Twenty-fifth,  on  its 
return  from  home.  Before  leaving  Williamsburg,  a  staff 
officer  inspected  the  men,  and  awarded  to  them  the  highest 
praise  for  their  soldierly  bearing,  their  splendid  movements  at 
drill,  the  superb  condition  in  which  their  guns  and  equipments 
were  kept,  and  the  promptness  with  which  every  duty  assigned 
them  was  performed. 


208  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

Section  IV.  —  The  Thirty-fourth  Regiment. 

This  regiment,  composed  mainly  of  volunteers  from  Wor- 
cester and  the  western  counties  of  the  state,  was  stationed  at 
the  opening  of  1863,  at  Fort  Lyon,  near  Alexandria.  It  con- 
stituted the  garrison  of  that  post  and  the  redoubts  connected 
therewith.  It  was  frequently  reviewed  and  inspected  during 
the  winter,  and  was  drilled  very  thoroughly  in  the  skirmish 
and  artillery  tactics  until  May  2,  when  it  was  ordered  to 
Upton  Hill.  At  this  post  it  performed  picket  duty,  and 
garrisoned  the  earthworks,  until  June  2,  when  it  was  ordered 
to  Washington.  "  It  occupied  barracks  on  East  Capitol 
Street,  and  furnished  guards  for  the  Old  Capitol  and  Carroll 
prisons,  the  Baltimore  depot,  and  other  public  buildings; 
being  also  employed  in  escorting  prisoners  to  Fort  Delaware." 
"  It  gained  in  Washington,"  says  the  Adjutant-General's 
Report  for  1863,  "a  high  reputation  for  the  neatness,  quiet, 
and  tasteful  arrangement  of  its  quarters  ;  the  elegance  of  its 
muskets  ;  its  soldierly  bearing  and  discipline  ;  its  proficiency 
in  drill,  and  the  excellence  of  its  band.  Its  dress  parades 
were  especially  complimented  by  the  press,  and  drew  large 
crowds  of  spectators." 

There  was  a  municipal  celebration  at  Washington,  on  the 
fourth  of  July,  the  joy  of'  which  was  increased  by  the  glad 
news  from  Gettysburg.  On  this  occasion  the  regiment 
formed  part  of  the  escort,  "  turning  out  in  very  full  ranks,  and 
eliciting  flattering  eulogy  from  Major-General  Heintzehrran 
and  other  eminent  officers. 

The  regiment  was  ordered  to  Harper's  Ferry  on  the  ninth, 
and  started  the  same  night.  It  encamped  at  Maryland 
Heights,  as  the  enemy  occupied  Harper's  Ferry  at  the  time. 
Colonel  Wells  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  First 
Brigade  in  the  division  of  General  Nagle.  On  the  fourteenth, 
the  colonel,  with  the  regiment,  crossed  the  Potomac  in  boats, 
and  took  possession  of  Harper's  Ferry,  the  "  enemy  retiring 
double-qitick  when  the  advance  boat  was  nearing  the  Virginia 
shore.  The  regiment  at  once  occupied  the  town,"  and  cap- 
tured several  rebel  prisoners. 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  2O9 

Subsequent  to  this  the  regiment  was  employed  in  picket 
and  patrol  duty,  and  as  provost-guard  at  Harper's  Ferry  and 
Bolivar.  It  belonged  to  the  First  Brigade,  First  Division, 
Department  of  Western  Virginia.  It  retained  its  reputation 
for  drill  and  discipline,  and  was  "  exceedingly  fortunate  in  its 
freedom  from  disease  and  hardship." 

A  portion  of  Colonel  Wells'  brigade,  posted  at  Charlestown, 
eight  miles  out  from  Harper's  Ferry,  was  surprised  by  the 
enemy  under  General  Imboden,  at  daylight  on  the  eighteenth 
of  October.  Only  a  few  escaped  capture.  The  colonel 
started  at  once  with  the  Thirty-fourth,  one  battery  of  light 
artillery  and  a  detachment  of  cavalry,  leaving  orders  for  other 
troops  to  follow  as  soon  as  possible.  In  the  words  of  the 
official  report : 

"  The  regiment  marched  so  rapidly,  that  the  reinforcements,  though 
only  two  miles  behind  at  the  start,  could  not  overtake  it  or  diminish  the  in- 
terval. Imboden  left  Charlestown,  and  retreated  towards  Berrysville,  fight- 
ing as  he  went.  The  country  was  admirably  adapted  for  his  purpose,  af- 
fording wooded  summits,  where  his  artillery  could  be  posted  so  as  to  com- 
mand the  intervening  open  valleys.  Colonel  Wells  disposed  his  artillery 
so  as  to  drive  their  forces  from  these  shelters,  and  sent  the  regiment 
into  the  woods  as  skirmishers,,  pursuing  them  thus  from  one  hill  to  an- 
other for  nearly  two  miles,  when  it  being  nearly  dark,  he  was  recalled  by 
orders  from  division  head-quarters.  His  force  numbered,  in  all,  less  than 
seven  hundred  men:  that  of  General  Imboden  was  ascertained  to  have 
been  not  far  from  fifteen  hundred.  The  loss  of  the  enemy  was  twenty-one 
prisoners  taken,  and  sixty-nine  killed  and  wounded.  Corporal  M.  Gardner 
Gage,  while  bearing  the  white  flag  of  Massachusetts,  riddled  with  bullets, 
but  still  full  high  advanced,  and  private  N,  A.  Clark,  also  of  the  color- 
guard,  standing  beside  him,  were  shot  through  the  heart  in  the  last 
skirmish.  Lieutenant  Cobb  and  four  men  were  wounded,  —  the  former 
severely,  the  others  slightly. 

The  regiment  was  commended  by  the  commander  of  the  brigade  and 
division,  for  the  steadiness  of  its  conduct,  forming  line  of  battle  under  fire 
with  the  same  precision  as  in  ordinary  drills,  and  the  endurance  of  the 
men,  evinced  by  marching  thirty-five  miles,  without  food  or  rest,  in  fifteen 
hours,  and  successfully  fighting  double  their  number  for  ten  miles,  return- 
ing to  camp  without  a  straggler." 

The  regiment  was  not  called  into  battle  again  until  the 
tenth  of  December,  being  employed  as  before  in  picket  and 

14 


210  WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 

patrol  duty.  At  the  last  date  it  entered  upon  an  expedition 
which  tasked  its  power  of  endurance,  but  it  was  equal  to  the 
occasion.  It  started  with  the  rest  of  the  First  Brigade,  co- 
operating with  the  movements  of  Averill  and  Scammon,  in  the 
accomplishment  of  General  Kelley's  successful  raid  on  the 
Virginia  and  Tennessee  railroad.  Colonel  Wells'  Brigade  was 
ordered  to  move  up  the  valley  by  prescribed  marches,  as  "  far 
as  Harrisonburg,  threatening  Staunton,  and  creating  a  diver- 
sion in  favor  of  Averill  by  occupying  the  attention  of  the  ene- 
my." The  weather  was  rendered  severe  by  cold,  rain  and  snow. 
At  Harrisonburg  it  was  found  that  General  Early  was  in  front 
with  a  large  force,  and  that  a  rebel  brigade  was  moving  to  cut 
off  our  retreat.  The  situation  and  the  escape  will  be  given  in 
the  words  of  the  official  report,  it  being  remembered  that  the 
regiment  was  generally  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Lincoln,  while  Colonel  Wells  was  acting  as  a  briga- 
dier-general. 

"  The  force,  numbering  about  fourteen  hundred  men,  was  nearly  sur- 
rounded by  six  or  seven  thousand  of  the  enemy.  It  being  learned  that 
General  Averill  had  accomplished  his  jDart  of  the  plan  and  returned,  Colo- 
nel Wells  had  recourse  to  strategy  to  get  out  of  the  trap.  By  starting  the 
infantry  off  after  dark  and  marching  all  night,  leaving  large  fires  and  an 
extended  front  of  cavalry,  the  enemy  were  kept  back  several  hours,  and 
when  they  ascertained  that  the  column  had  escaped  them,  they  were  un- 
able to  overtake  it. 

The  infantry  marched  from  Harrisonburg  to  Harper's  Ferry,  (one  hun- 
dred miles)  in  less  than  four  days,  despite  the  long  marches  of  the  pre- 
vious week,  and  reached  camp  in  good  spirits,  without  a  straggler,  on  the 
afternoon  of  December  14,  having  fully  accompHshed  the  object  of  the  ex- 
pedition, and  without  the  loss  of  a  man,  bringing  in  about  one  hundred 
prisoners,  —  many  of  them  with  horses,  arms  and  equipments.  The  en- 
durance and  good  conduct  of  the  regiment  received  the  hearty  praises 
and  thanks  of  the  division  and  department  commanders." 

The  spirit  and  discipline  of  the  regiment  were  shown  the 
next  day,  when  it  came  out  at  evening  parade,  with  full  ranks, 
"  the  arms  and  equipments  gleaming  as  brightly,  after  a  fifteen 
days'  campaign,  without  tents,  in  the  middle  of  December,  as 
on  a  Sunday  inspection  in  Washington."     The  report  of  this 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  211 

regiment's  year  of  service,  closes  as  it  began,  with  commenda- 
tion of  its  drill  and  discipline,  which  had  the  effect  of  winning 
for  it  a  good  name  in  all  the  commands  to  which  it  was 
attached. 

Up  to  this  time,  twenty-five  sergeants  and  corporals  had 
been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  commissioned  officers  ;  sixteen 
of  these  were  in  different  regiments  of  colored  troops. 

Section  V.  —  The  Thirty-sixth  Regiment. 
The  Thirty-sixth  remained  where  we  left  it,  at  the  close  of 

1862,  in  camp  near  Falmouth,  Virginia,  until  the  tenth  of 
February,  when  it  left  for  Newport  News,  where  the  Ninth 
Army  Corps  was  encamped.  Six  weeks  were  passed  there 
in  drill,  when  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  west  with 
the  First  Division,  to  which  it  belonged,  in  General  Burn- 
side's  Department. 

To  prevent  confusion  in  regard  to  the  officers  in  command, 
it  may  be  stated  here  that  Colonel  Bowman  commanded  until 
the  twenty-seventh  of  July,  when  he  was  discharged  ;  that 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Norton  was  discharged  on  the  thirtieth  ; 
that  Major  Goodell,  next  in  rank,  was  severely  wounded, 
(being  struck  by  a  piece  of  shell),  on  the  tenth  of  October,  at 
Blue  Springs,  Tennessee,  and  that  Major  William  F.  Draper 
was  in  command  during  the  remainder  of  the  year.  The 
narrative  of  the  movements  of  the  Thirty-sixth,  which  here 
follows,  is  made  up  from  the  report  of  Major  Draper,  which 
report  gives  ample  proof  that  the  regiment  went  through 
almost  incredible  toils  and  hardships,  and  rendered  effective 
service. 

The  regiment  left  Newport  News  in  the  last  week  of  March, 

1863,  and  proceeded  by  boat  and  rail,  via  Baltimore,  Parkers- 
burg  and  Cincinnati,  to  Lexington,  Kentucky,  where  it  ar- 
rived on  the  twenty-ninth,  and  went  into  camp.  A  week 
later,  in  accordance  with  special  orders  from  General  Burn- 
side,  it  was  sent  to  Cincinnati  to  prevent  a  riot  and  guard 
the  polls  during  a  municipal  election.  After  the  election  the 
regiment    returned  to   Lexington,  and  the  next  day  started 


212  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

on  a  march  for  "  Camp  Dick  Robinson,"  thirty  miles,  where  it 
arrived  on  the  ninth  of  April. 

After  camping  three  weeks,  the  next  march  was  to  Middle- 
burg,  thirty-eight  miles,  where  a  halt  was  made  till  the  twenty- 
third  of  May.  From  this  date  to  the  thirtieth,  the  regiment 
marched  nearly  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles,  pursued 
Morgan's  guerillas,  and  returned  without  loss  to  Columbia, 
Adair  County,  bringing  twenty-five  prisoners.  In  this  last 
service,  it  was  in  company  with  other  forces. 

June  I,  Colonel  Bowman  received  command  of  a  brigade, 
though  retaining  his  connection  with  the  Thirty-sixth,  and  on 
that  night  marched  to  Jamestown,  twenty  miles,  and  captured 
a  few  guerillas.  At  noon  on  the  fourth,  the  brigade  started 
for  Lebanon,  sixty  miles  distant,  and  arrived  in  forty-eight 
hours.  June  7,  they  started  for  Vicksburg,  by  rail,  via  In- 
diana and  Illinois,  to  Cairo,  where  they  embarked  on  the 
steamer  Meteor,  They  were  fired  upon  while  going  down  the 
river,  but  suffered  no  loss.  The  regiment,  as  part  of  the 
Ninth  Corps,  was  stationed  six  miles  in  rear  of  Vicksburg,  to 
prevent  the  rebel  General  Johnston  from  raising  the  siege. 
Vicksburg  fell  on  the  fourth  of  July,  and  soon  our  regiment, 
in  common  with  other  forces  under  Grant,  started  in  pursuit 
of  Johnston,  and  followed  him  up  with  unremitting  energy, 
nothwithstanding  the  intense  heat.  On  the  eleventh,  com- 
panies A  and  F  were  deployed  as  skirmishers,  and  assisted  in 
driving  the  enemy  to  his  rifle-pits.  Here  a  position  was 
occupied  in  range  of  the  enemy  until  the  seventeenth,  when 
they  evacuated  Jackson,  Mississippi.  In  these  actions  com- 
pany F  lost  two  men  killed,  and  eleven  wounded.  On  the 
evening  of  the  ninth  day,  the  regiment  was  at  Canton,  having 
torn  up  five  miles  of  railroad  track  on  the  way.  From  there 
to  Snyder's  Bluff,  a  distance  of  seventy  miles,  the  regiment 
marched  in  four  or  five  days.  The  bluff  was  reached  on  the 
twenty-third  of  July.  "This  march,  was  shamefully  managed 
by  the  brigadier  in  command,  —  not  Colonel  Bowman  —  and 
fatal  in  its  consequences  to  many  of  our  men.  Without 
rations,  under  a  Mississippi  sun,  they  were  marched  till  some 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  213 

dropped  dead  in  the  ranks,  and  nearly  all  fell  out  exhausted. 
Arrived  at  Milldale,  nearly  half  the  First  Division  went  into 
hospital."  The  fifth  of  August,  the  regiment  embarked  on 
the  Hiawatha,  for  Cairo.  Thence  by  rail  to  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, where  it  arrived  on  the  twelfth,  and  went  into  barracks. 
"  The  Mississippi  campaign,"  continues  the  report,  "  was  a 
very  severe  one  for  the  Thirty-sixth,  worse  than  half  a  dozen 
battles  in  a  moderate  climate  would  have  been.  From  the 
effects  of  it  the  regiment  lost  full  fifty  men  by  death,  and 
nearly  twice  that  number  by  discharge."  In  passing  through 
Kentucky  by  rail  or  on  foot,  many  sick  were  left  at  various 
places.  On  the  tenth  of  September  the  regiment  "  numbered 
one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  guns  out  of  nearly  eight 
hundred  enlisted  men."  On  the  twenty-second  of  September 
this  remnant  reached  Morristown,  Tennessee,  having  marched 
one  hundred  and  forty  miles. 

The  regiment  was  kept  busy  from  this  date  to  the  close  of 
the  campaign.  General  Burnside  was  defending  East  Ten- 
nessee against  the  hordes  of  rebels  under  Longstreet  and 
other  leaders,  and  was  alternately  advancing  or  retreating,  or 
fighting,  until  the  enemy  were  driven  into  Georgia  or  Vir- 
ginia, some  one  way  and  some  another.  From  September  27 
to  the  third  of  the  next  month,  the  regiment  was  in  camp  at 
Knoxville.  Then  it  was  ordered  up  to  meet  rebels  from 
Virginia  under  General  Jones.  These  were  defeated  on  the 
tenth,  at  Blue  Springs,  where  the  regiment  lost  three  officers 
and  three  men  wounded  ;  among  the  former  was  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Goodell,  at  the  head  of  his  men.  One  of  the  wounded 
men  soon  died.  The  next  day  the  enemy  was  chased  twenty 
miles,  and  many  prisoners  were  taken.  The  regiment  was 
back  to  Knoxville  on  the  fifteenth,  and  rested  there  five  days. 
The  next  march  was  south  to  Loudon,  thirty  miles,  "  where 
the  rebels  were  threatening  our  position."  The  Tennessee 
was  crossed  and  re-crossed,  as  exigencies  required,  until 
October  4,  when  the  regiment  was  notified  that  it  would 
remain  there  for  the  winter.  The  men  spent  a  fortnight  in 
putting  up  winter-quarters,  and  had  nearly  finished  them,  when 


214  WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 

the  dream  was  dispelled,  and  the  toughest  fighting  experience 
of  the  whole  year  began.  Longstreet  was  moving  up  the 
valley,  eager,  determined,  and  fully  expecting  to  annihilate 
Burnside  and  his  whole  force.  On  the  fourteenth  of  Novem- 
ber, orders  came  to  move,  as  Longstreet  was  advancing.  The 
history  of  the  next  month  will  be  given  mainly  in  the  words 
of  the  "  Report." 

The  teams  of  this  brigade  were  away,  and  no  others  could 
be  obtained  ;  hence  nearly  all  the  regimental  baggage  was  left 
for  want  of  transportation,  and  destroyed.  Several  regiments 
were  sent  out  on  the  "  Kingston  road  to  prevent  the  advance 
of  the  enemy  from  that  direction.  The  Thirty-sixth  was  the 
regiment  farthest  advanced,  and  at  dark  the  rebel  advance 
was  in  plain  sight.  We  remained  in  line  all  night,  —  the 
other  troops  were  withdrawn.  Three  times  the  enemy  ad- 
vanced, —  probably  to  ascertain  if  we  were  still  there,  —  and 
as  many  times  they  received  sufficient  proof  that  we  were, 
and  fell  back."  Falling  back  towards  Knoxville,  according  to 
orders,  they  were  attacked  by  the  enemy  near  Campbell's 
Station,  and  here,  after  half  an  hour's  sharp  firing,  repulsed 
them.  "Just  as  we  did  so  a  force  appeared  in  our  rear.  We 
faced  about,  gave  them  a  volley  which  scattered  them  ; 
marched  back  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  where  our  batteries  were 
in  position,  and  supported  them  until  dark.  At  that  time  the 
enemy  being  repulsed,  we  again  marched  toward  Knoxville, 
which  we  reached  about  three  next  morning." 

At  Campbell's  Station,  one  officer  and  two  privates  were 
killed  ;  three  officers  and  fourteen  privates  were  wounded,  and 
four  men  were  missing. 

The  regiment  was  deployed  as  skirmishers  on  the  seven- 
teenth and  remained  out  forty-eight  hours.  On  the  nineteenth, 
it  came  in,  constructed  rifle-pits,  and  with  the  brigade,  occu- 
pied the  since  famous  Fort  Saunders,  and  the  line  on  the  east 
of  it  to  the  river,  during  the  siege.  Soon  came  on  the  furious 
and  persistent  fighting  which  baffled  the  enemy  and  sent 
them  back  towards  Georgia.  When  our  pickets  were  driven 
in  on  the  night  of  the  twenty-eighth,  one  man  was  wounded, 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  21$ 

and  one  taken  prisoner.  The  fierce  assault  of  the  rebels  was 
on  the  morning  of  the  next  day,  when  they  fell  in  heaps.  Our 
regiment  lost  one  killed  and  one  wounded.  The  siege  soon 
closed,  and  on  the  night  of  the  fourth  of  December,  our 
pickets,  under  Captain  Ames,  were  the  first  to  discover  the 
retreat  of  the  enemy.     Says  the  report  in  closing  : 

"  During  the  seige  the  men  suffered  much  from  cold,  hunger,  want 
of  clothing,  and  of  proper  sleep.  The  men  stopped  constantly  in  the  rifle- 
pits,  except  when  on  picket.  Quarter-rations  only  were  issued,  many 
lacked  blankets  and  shoes,  and  nearly  all  overcoats  ;  and  one-third,  and 
sometimes  one-half  of  the  men  were  kept  awake  at  night.  The  morning 
of  the  seventh,  we  moved  in  pursuit  of  the  rebels ;  we  followed  them  thirty 
miles,  to  Rutledge.  [There  was  advancing,  retreating,  and  again  advanc- 
ing, in  the  next  few  days.]  While  we  were  at  Rutledge,  a  sergeant  and 
ten  men  were  sent  out  to  a  mill,  by  order  of  the  brigade  commander,  and 
on  our  retreat  they  were  captured,  as  was  a  messenger  sent  to  warn 
them. 

The  regiment  has  marched  an  aggregate  distance  of  one  thousand  and 
thirteen  miles,  and  has  been  transported  an  aggregate  distance  of  four 
thousand  three  hundred  and  twenty-eight  miles.  We  have  now  eighteen 
officers,  and  one  hundred  and  ninety-two  enlisted  men  present  for  duty. 
Since  we  left  the  state,  [in  September  1862,]  one  officer  and  seven  men 
have  been  killed  or  died  of  wounds,  three  officers  and  seventy-nine  men 
have  died  of  disease,  twelve  officers  and  one  hundred  and  thirty  men  have 
been  discharged,  twenty-two  men  have  been  transferred  to  other  organ- 
izations, and  thirty-three  men  have  been  wounded  in  action,  and  eighteen 
men  taken  prisoners.     Eight  have  been  promoted  from  the  ranks." 

Such  was  the  change  made  in  a  regiment  in  little  more 
than  a  year,  by  the  terrible  strain  of  war.  The  condition  and 
prospects  of  the  Thirty-sixth,  at  the  close  of  1863,  will  be 
seen  by  the  last  words  of  the  report. 

"  We  are  in  a  state  of  utter  destitution,  and  as  we  are  so  far  from  civili- 
zation, we  can  get  nothing  by  requisition.  One  old  wall  tent,  without  a 
fly,  constitutes  our  camp  equipage,  and  yesterday  I  received  the  pleasing 
intelligence  that  we  could  get  no  more  in  East  Tennessee.  The  men  are 
still  on  very  short  rations.  I  believe  you  have  our  original  descriptive 
roll  at  the  State  House.  Ours  being  lost,  I  should  like  to  have  a  copy 
of  it  sent  me  by  mail.  It  is  necessary  for  the  transaction  of  much  regi- 
mental business." 


2l6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Section  VI.  —  The  Fifty-first  Regiment. 

The  Fifty-first  was  scarcely  in  the  field,  —  the  last  weeks 
of  the  preceding  year — before  it  was  engaged  in  the  realities 
of  war.  Its  services  were  recognised  in  a  "  Department  General 
Order,"  January,  15,  1863,  by  which  the  names  "  Kinston," 
"Whitehall,"  and  "  Goldsboro',"  were  authorized  to  be  in- 
scribed on  the  colors  of  the  regiment. 

The  first  death  in  the  regiment  occurred  on  the  eleventh  of 
January,  of  the  disease  known  in  medical  works  as  "  Cerebro- 
spinal Meningitis."  This  singularly  fatal  malady,  says  the 
official  report,  "during  the  two  months  following,  consigned 
to  the  grave  about  twenty  from  among  the  hardiest  and  best 
soldiers." 

The  regiment  with  other  troops  was  out  on  an  expedition 
from  the  seventeenth  to  the  twenty-fourth,  in  detachments, 
and  had  skirmishes  with  the  enemy.  A  heavy  rain  made 
muddy  roads  and  overflowing  streams.  The  object  of  the 
expedition  having  been  accomplished,  the  troops  returned  to 
Newbern,  and  the  colonel  made  a  report  of  the  movement 
to  Colonel  T.  J.  C.  Amory,  commanding  the  brigade.  One 
soldier,  named  William  P.  Kent,  who  started  in  apparent 
health,  was  suddenly  taken  sick,  and  died  in  an  ambulance  on 
the  route. 

As  the  regiment  suffered  severely  from  an  increasing  sick- 
list,  and  frequent  deaths,  six  companies  were  moved  on  the 
twentieth  of  February,  from  the  barracks  to  Deep  Gully, 
eight  miles  out  on  the  Trent  road,  as  a  sanitary  measure. 
But  the  weather  was  not  favorable,  and  the  shelter  tents  were 
not  such  as  to  secure  comfort  to  the  suffering  men,  conse- 
quently the  regiment  was  broken  into  fractions,  by  a  special 
order,  in  the  early  days  of  March.  It  ordered  :  —  "That  Col- 
onel Sprague,  with  his  regiment,  relieve  the  companies  sta- 
tioned at  different  points  along  the  railroad  between  Newbern 
and  Morehead  City  ;  also,  those  at  Morehead  City,  Beaufort, 
and  Evans'  Mills.  On  the  second  and  third  of  March,  the 
regiment  accordingly  was  distributed  as  follows.  Company 
G,   Captain    T.    D.    Kimball,    remaining   at   Brice's     Ferry. 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  21/ 

Company  K,  Captain  D.  W.  Kimball,  Evans'  Mills.  Com- 
panies D,  Captain  Prouty  ;  H,  Captain  Hobbs  ;  B,  Captain 
Bascom  ;  and  I,  Captain  Thayer,  Newport ;  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Studley.  Companies  A,  Captain  Wood,  and  C,  Captain 
Goodell,  Morehead  City.  Companies  E,  Captain  Wheeler, 
and  F,  Captain  Baldwin,  Beaufort  ;  head-quarters  at  Beaufort. 
Major  E.  A.  Harkness  was  designated  as  provost-marshal  of 
Beaufort  and  Morehead  City." 

Lieutenant  Sanderson  and  twenty-two  men  were  ordered, 
March  25,  to  man  the  gun-boat  Hussar,  lying  in  Beaufort 
Harbor,  and  were  instructed  in  naval  gunnery.  March  30, 
Colonel  Sprague,  by  special  order  from  Department  Head- 
quarters, assumed  command  of  the  sub-district  of  Beaufort, 
which  included  Fort  Macon,  and  company  C,  Captain 
Goodell,  was  added  to  the  garrison.  Meantime  the  health  of 
the  regiment  had  greatly  improved,  and  it  returned  to  its 
quarters  in  Foster  Barracks,  on  the  Trent,  on  the  fourth  of 
May.  It  left  the  barracks  on  the  twenty-second,  and  select- 
ing a  spot  near  the  junction  of  the  Trent  and  Neuse,  called 
it  "  Camp  Wellington,"  in  honor  of  a  patriotic  citizen  of 
Worcester, 

In  obedience  to  instructions  from  Department  Head- 
quarters, Colonel  Sprague,  with  five  companies,  (B,  C,  D,  H, 
and  I,)  and  other  forces,  started  on  an  expedition  on  the 
seventh  of  May,  and  after  marching,  watching  and  exposure, 
and  having  gained  valuable  information,  returned  to  Newport 
barracks. 

A  question  arose  concerning  the  time  of  the  expiration  of 
the  term  of  service  of  the  nine  months'  men,  in  reference  to 
which  the  commissary  of  musters  of  the  Eighteenth  Corps 
issued  a  circular,  from  which  the  following  paragraph  is 
taken.  After  stating  the  rule  adopted  by  the  government, 
it  proceeds :  — 

"  Its  fairness  and  liberality  can  hardly  be  questioned  by  any  save  those 
whose  patriotism  is  of  so  weak  a  nature  as  to  begrudge  to  their  country  a 
short  period  additional  to  their  specified  nine  months.  In  order,  how- 
ever, that  no  possible  ground  of  complaint  may  exist,  the  general  com- 


2l8  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

manding  authorises  me  to  state  that  any  company  in  this  department, 
will,  on  application  of  its  captain,  approved  by  the  colonel  commanding 
the  regiment,  be  furnished  with  transportation,  and  allowed  to  proceed 
home  in  time  to  reach  it  in  nine  months  from  the  time  of  its  muster  into 


At  the  evening  parade  June  lo,  the  above  was  read  to  the 
regiment,  accompanied  by  the  following  from  Colonel 
Sprague.  "  I  have  caused  to  be  read  to  the  whole  com- 
mand, a  circular  which  was  drawn  out  by  dissatisfaction 
with  the  direction  of  the  War  Department,  in  regard  to  the 
time  of  mustering  out  the  nine  months'  men. 

Without  entering  upon  an  argument  in  regard  to  the  justice 
or  equity  of  the  decision  of  the  War  Department,  I  rely  upon 
the  good  judgment,  the  patriotism  and  intelligence  of  the 
officers  and  soldiers  of  this  regiment  who  entered  the  service, 
and  have  stood  together  unflinchingly  in  the  line  of  duty,  to 
take  no  action  which  will  compromise  them  in  the  eyes  of 
the  country  and  their  friends.  Rather  let  us  be  over-zealous 
in  the  service,  than  be  relieved  one  moment  too  soon  by  our 
own  action." 

This  was  enough.  The  report  goes  on  to  say  that  not  a 
"  company  of  the  regiment  signified  a  desire  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  offer  in  the  foregoing  circular." 

At  this  time  the  rebel  army  under  Lee  was  passing  north- 
ward into  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  and  there  was  greater 
need  of  soldiers  there  than  in  North  Carolina.  General  Foster 
ordered  the  regiment  to  report  at  Fortress  Monroe,  where  it 
arrived,  per  steamer  Thomas  Collyer,  and  schooner  A,  P.  Howe, 
on  the  twenty-seventh  of  June.  One  hundred  and  eighty-three 
sick  had  been  left  behind.  Colonel  Sprague  reported  to  the 
senior  officer  of  the  post,  who  directed  the  regiment  to  pro- 
ceed to  Cumberland,  Virginia,  on  the  Pamunkey.  Leaving 
the  sick  and  all  surplus  baggage  at  the  fortress,  all  embarked 
on  the  Collyer,  and  proceeded  up  York  River,  receiving  on 
the  way  orders  to  report  to  General  Dix  at  the  White  House. 
General  Dix  having  no  special  need  of  the  regiment,  and 
hearing  that  its  term  of  service  had  nearly  expired,  ordered 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  219 

it  to  return  to  Fortress  Monroe,  and  "  there  make  requisi- 
tion upon  the  quarter-master  for  transportation  to  Massachu- 
setts, to  be  mustered  out  of  service." 

Arriving  at  the  fortress  on  the  evening  of  June  28,  and 
learning  the  critical  condition  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
the  colonel  offered  the  service  of  the  regiment  for  the  emer- 
gency, which  offer  was  accepted,  and  the  regiment  proceeded 
to  Baltimore,  where  it  arrived  on  the  first  of  July,  almost 
within  hearing  of  the  guns  at  Gettysburg.  Here  the  regi- 
ment remained  till  the  sixth,  being  employed  in  fatiguing 
duties  and  hard  marching.  On  the  fifth,  six  companies  un- 
der Lieutenant-Colonel  Studley,  were  detailed  to  escort  two 
thousand  three  hundred  rebel  prisoners  taken  at  Gettysburg, 
from  the  railroad  station  to  Fort  McHenry  ;  and  on  the  fourth, 
the  regiment  had  the  "  honor  of  being  detailed  to  search  the 
houses  of  the  citizens  of  Baltimore  for  arms.  Thousands  of 
arms  of  various  kinds  were  seized,  and  deposited  at  the  office 
of  the  city  marshal."  The  police  assisted  in  this  duty  which 
was  "  successfully  and  creditably  performed." 

On  the  sixth  of  July,  at  six  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the 
regiment  left  Baltimore  and  proceeded  to  Monocacy  Junction  ; 
thence  on  the  seventh,  they  moved  to  Sandy  Hook.  On  their 
arrival  there,  they  were  ordered  to  proceed  to  Maryland 
Heights.  "  The  rain  was  steadily  falling,  and  the  night  was 
dark."  Three  regiments  and  a  battery,  all  under  command  of 
Colonel  Sprague,  commenced  the  ascent  not  far  from  nine 
o'clock.  After  hours  of  delay,  and  weary  marching,  the 
column  arrived  at  Fort  Duncan,  on  the  Heights,  about  four 
on  the  morning  of  the  eighth.  The  regiment  was  employed 
on  "  outpost  duty  "  till  the  twelfth,  when  it  was  ordered  to  join 
the  army  of  the  Potomac  at  Boonsboro',  and  assist  in  cutting 
off  the  retreat  of  General  Lee,  who  was  making  his  way  to 
Virginia.  They  left  at  nine  o'clock  p.m.,  Sunday  night,  the 
twelfth,  and  after  marching  all  night,  and  to  three  in  the  after- 
noon of  the  next  day,  —  twenty-seven  miles,  —  arrived  at  the 
front.  It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  this  severe  and  ex- 
hausting service  was  done  by  men  whose  term  of  service  had 


220  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

expired,  and  who  had  been  expecting  before  this  time  to  see 
their  homes.  In  the  words  of  the  colonel :  —  "  Surcharged 
with  malaria  contracted  in  the  swamps  of  North  Carolina, 
without  camp  equipage,  kettles,  or  a  change  of  clothing  in  wet 
weather,  the  men  were  poorly  prepared  to  endure  the  fatigue, 
and  large  numbers  became  sick,  and  were  sent  back  to  Balti- 
more from  Sandy  Hook  and  Maryland  Heights,  so  that  when 
it  arrived  at  the  front,  there  was  present  for  duty  only  an 
aggregate  of  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  men." 

The  enemy  was  in  no  humor  for  fighting,  if  it  could  be 
avoided,  and  disappeared  in  the  night  of  the  fifteenth.  Our 
troops  were  in  motion  on  the  morning  of  the  fourteenth,  in 
pursuit,  the  Fifty-first  being  with  the  main  body.  Lee  crossed 
the  Potomac  at  Williamsport,  and  so  was  permitted  to  prolong 
the  war  another  year.  There  was  now  no  pressing  exigency 
to  demand  the  retention  of  soldiers  whose  time  of  service  had 
expired,  and  the  regiment  received  orders  from  Corps  Head- 
quarters, July  17,  to  return  to  Massachusetts.  They  reached 
Baltimore  on  the  next  day,  and  on  the  twenty-first  of  July 
their  eyes  greeted  the  spires  of  Worcester,  where  they  had  a 
reception,  the  sick  left  at  Newbern  having  already  reached 
home.  The  number  of  those  who  entered  the  service  was 
nine  hundred  and  thirty-eight  ;  the  number  mustered  out, 
July  27,  was  eight  hundred  ;  loss,  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
eight. 

The  reception  took  place  on  the  day  of  their  arrival,  and 
notwithstanding  a  heavy  rain,  there  was  a  great  concourse  of 
people,  and  a  long  procession.  The  regiment  arrived  about 
halfpast  ten  o'clock,  via  New  London.  As  the  train  came 
across  the  Common,  the  cheers  from  the  vast  concourse  gave 
assurance  of  a  hearty  welcome.  The  regiment  was  escorted 
to  Mechanics  Hall,  where  a  collation  was  provided  by  the 
mayor  and  City  Council.  After  the  collation,  which  was 
choice  and  abundant,  a  procession  was  formed  and  moved  in 
the  following  order. 


THIRD    YEAR    IN   THE   FIELD.  221 

Cavalcade, 
Worcester  Cornet  Band, 
State  Guard, 
Light  Infantry  —  Past  Members, 
City  Guards  —  Past  Members, 
Sons  of  Temperance, 
Father  Mathew  Temperance  Society, 
Other  Associations  of  Worcester, 
Citizens  of  Worcester, 
Delegation  from  Grafton, 
Delegation  from  Shrewsbury  with  Band, 
Delegations  from  Other  Towns, 
Worcester  Fire  Department  with  Boston  Brigade  Band, 
Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Common  Council, 
Past  Mayors, 
Invited  Guests, 
Selectmen  of  Grafton  and  Other  Towns  Invited, 
Other  City  Officials, 
Fifty-first  Regiment. 

The  procession  moved  down  Front  to  Summer  Street, 
through  Summer  to  Lincohi  Square,  up  Main  Street  to  City 
Hall,  where  it  arrived  about  one  o'clock,  p.m. 

After  as  many  had  entered  as  the  hall  could  hold,  his 
Honor,  Mayor  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  made  an  appropriate  ad- 
dress of  welcome.  He  referred  to  the  brave  history  of  the 
regiment,  and  thanked  God  that  so  many  had  returned. 
Referring  to  the  condition  of  the  country,  he  spoke  with  hope 
of  the  future.  "  Home,  Sweet  Home  "  was  sung  by  multi- 
tudinous voices,  and  with  grand  effect. 

Colonel  Sprague,  in  behalf  of  his  regiment,  replied  with 
true  feeling  and  eloquence,  and  expressed  the  heartfelt  grati- 
tude of  all  his  command  for  such  a  kind  reception. 

After  remarks  from  others,  Colonel  Sprague  called  for  three 
cheers  for  the  escort.  Then  three  cheers  were  given  to 
Colonel  Sprague  with  tremendous  energy.  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Studley  and  Major  Harkness  were  cordially  cheered  also, 
and  then  the  weary,  but  happy,  soldiers  were  allowed  to  rest, 
and  find  a  still  dearer  reception  in  the  society  of  private 
friendship. 


222  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

There  were  two  other  regiments  of  nine  months'  men,  in 
which  Worcester  was  represented  by  patriotic  soldiers. 
These  were  the  Forty-second  and  the  Fiftieth.  It  is 
therefore  a  pleasant  duty  to  trace  the  history  of  those  corps 
so  far  as  the  services  of  our  men  were  connected  with  them. 

Company  E,  of  the  Forty-second  Regiment,  was  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Frederick  G.  Stiles,  of  this  city. 
Augustus  Ford,  also  of  this  city,  was  first  lieutenant.  Be- 
sides these  were  about  thirty  enlisted  men,  from  Worcester, 
whose  names  will  be  found  in  the  closing  chapter.  The 
rest  of  the  company  was  from  the  neighboring  towns. 

The  Forty-second  was  a  Boston  regiment  and  was  origi- 
nally the  Second  Regiment  Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia, 
Fifth  Brigade,  First  Division.  It  was  recruited  as  the  Forty- 
second  Regiment,  at  Readville,  (Camp  Meigs,)  where  it 
remained  until  completely  organized,  November  6,  1862. 
The  history  of  the  regiment  is  interesting,  especially  the  part 
of  it  —  companies  D,  G  and  F,  —  which  formed  the  expedition 
of  Colonel  Burrill  to  Galveston,  Texas,  and  was  captured 
after  a  gallant  defence.  We  shall  leave  their  history  to  be 
read  elsewhere. 

Company  E,  with  the  rest  of  the  regiment,  arrived  in  New 
York  on  the  second  day  of  November,  and  after  a  march  of 
nine  miles  to  East  New  York,  bivouacked  in  the  street  and  in 
sheds,  no  preparation  having  been  made  for  its  reception. 
The  regiment  was  shipped  to  New  Orleans  in  detachments,  in 
four  transports.  Company  E  went  on  board  the  Charles 
Osgood,  with  company  K.  Only  one  of  the  four  vessels  was 
seaworthy,  viz.,  the  Saxon.  The  Charles  Osgood  was  an  "  old 
Long-Island-Sound  propeller,  and  in  every  respect  an  unsea- 
worthy  boat.  She  was  sent  to  sea,  December  3,  with  but  one 
small  compass,  no  charts,  no  chronometer,  no  life-preservers, 
and  but  two  small  boats,  and  her  master  had  never  been  be- 
yond Fortress  Monroe."  The  first  night  out  a  gale  disabled 
her,  she  put  into  Cape-May  Harbor,  and  thence  proceeded  to 
Philadelphia  for  repairs.  Procuring  a  new  master,  she  put  to 
sea  again  on  the  fourteenth,  and  on  the  twentieth  struck  quite 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD,  22^ 

heavily  on  Fernandina  Shoals,  off  the  coast  of  Florida.  It 
was  necessary  to  stop  at  Key  West  for  repairs.  New  Orleans 
was  reached  on  the  first  of  January,  1863.  The  troops  were 
landed  at  Carrollton  on  the  fifth,  and  marched  to  Camp 
Mansfield. 

While  Colonel  Burrill  was  operating  in  Texas,  until  his 
capture,  the  remaining  seven  companies,  under  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  J.  Stedman,  by  order  of  General  Banks,  were  attached 
to  the  Second  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Nineteenth  Army 
Corps,  on  the  thirteenth  of  January.  These  companies,  how- 
ever, were  soon  separated,  and  employed  in  different  direc- 
tions, according  to  the  exigency  of  the  service.  Company  E, 
with  four  other  companies,  at  Camp  Mansfield,  were  ordered, 
on  the  twenty-sixth,  to  take  post  at  a  point  known  as  "  Bayou 
Gentilly,"  on  the  Pontchartrain  railroad.  While  the  other 
companies  were  sent  hither  and  thither  in  April  and  May, 
companies  B  and  E  were  left  at  head-quarters,  and  though 
constant  details  were  made  for  detached  duties,  yet  a  regular 
system  of  drill  was  pursued,  and  the  time  well  employed. 
"  The  post  was  deemed  of  the  utmost  importance  by  General 
Sherman,  and  Colonel  Stedman  was  ordered  to  use  the  strict- 
est vigilance  and  care  in  the  management  of  its  affairs."  On 
the  ninth  of  June,  a  portion  of  company  E  was  ordered  to 
Brashear  City,  and  on  the  twentieth,  a  section  of  this  portion 
was  ordered  on  board  the  gun-boat  Hollyhock,  to  accompany 
her  on  a  short  trip  as  sharpshooters.  In  fact,  the  company 
was  so  divided  up  that  it  is  impossible  to  trace  its  movements. 

There  was  a  fight  on  the  twenty-first,  between  the  rebels 
and  our  forces,  both  artillery  and  infantry,  in  which  a  part  of 
company  E  was  engaged,  and  one  man,  Reuben  Dyson,  was 
mortally  wounded.  This  was  at  Lafourche  Crossings.  Some 
of  the  particulars  of  the  battle  are  given  in  the  language  of 
the  report,  as  follows  :  — 

"  A  severe  rain  storm  set  in,  rendering  the  condition  of  the  men  ex- 
tremely uncomfortable.  About  sunset,  artillery-firing,  from  both  sides,  be- 
came general.  Under  cover  of  darkness  and  the  smoke,  the  enemy  ad- 
vanced to  within  a  few  rods  of  this  section  of  artillery,  and  then  with  a  yell 


224  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

charged  on  the  line  ;  the  infantry  with  the  artillery  poured  a  raking  fire 
into  the  rebel  ranks,  and  then  in  accordance  with  previous  orders,  gal- 
lantly fought  their  way  back  to  the  main  body  of  our  troops,  where  they 
took  position  on  the  left  of  our  line  of  battle,  and  faithfully  held  it  until  the 
action  was  ended.  The  battle  raged  hand  to  hand  for  some  time,  and  al- 
though the  enemy  were  superior  in  numbers,  they  were  unable  to  break 
our  lines,  and  were  forced  to  retreat,  leaving  their  dead  and  wounded  on 
the  field." 

The  regiment  was  actively  employed  till  its  term  of  service 
expired,  and  was  in  one  or  more  actions,  as  that  at  Brashear 
City,  for  example,  but  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  what  part 
company  E  bore  in  the  rest  of  the  campaign.  It  doubtless 
deserved  a  fair  share  of  the  praise  conveyed  in  these  words  of 
the  report :  —  ''  The  service  of  the  regiment,  although  varied, 
was  well  performed,  and  this  report  should  not  close  without 
some  praise  for  the  enlisted  men  in  its  ranks.  Whatever  duty 
they  were  called  upon  to  perform  was  faithfully  executed. 
Thoroughly  imbued  with  the  principle  of  the  noble  general 
in  whose  corps  they  were  placed,  that  '  success  is  duty,'  they 
always  on  all  occasions  cheerfully  labored  for  success,  that  ditty 
might  be  done."  On  the  thirty-first  of  July,  the  regiment 
started  for  home  ;  arrived  at  New  York,  by  sea,  on  the  eighth 
of  August ;  at  Boston  on  the  tenth  ;  were  furloughed  until 
the  twentieth,  when  they  were  assembled  at  Readville,  and 
mustered  out  of  service. 

The  Fiftieth  Regiment,  Colonel  Carlos  P.  Messer,  was 
mainly  from  Middlesex  and  Essex  counties.  To  this  regi- 
ment, company  I  of  Worcester,  was  attached.  The  company 
was  commanded  by  Captain  Nicholas  Powers,  of  this  city. 
The  lieutenants  were  John  J.  O'Gorman  and  Martin  Hayes. 
It  contained  not  far  from  ninety  enlisted  men  ;  about  seventy 
of  whom  belonged  to  Worcester,  and  the  remainder  to  the 
neighboring  towns.  The  regiment  was  re-united  at  "  Camp 
Stanton,"  in  Boxford.  It  left  for  New  York  on  the  nineteenth 
of  November,  1862.  As  in  the  case  of  the  Forty-second, 
the  Fifteenth  was  divided  for  transportation  into  several 
dctatchments.     Company  I  was   put    on   board   the  steamer 


THIRD    YEAR    IN    THE    FIELD.  225 

New  Brunswick,  which  sailed  from  New  York  on  the  first  of 
December,  and  arrived  at  Baton  Rouge  on  the  sixteenth, 
where  they  were  attached  to  the  Thirtieth  Regiment,  until  the 
other  companies  should  arrive.  Finally,  about  the  middle  of 
February,  the  regiment  was  assembled  at  Baton  Rouge,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Acting  Brigadier-General 
Dudley,  of  the  First  Division,  Third  Brigade,  Nineteenth 
Army  Corps.  Special  attention  was  given  to  drill,  and  the 
various  duties  of  a  soldier's  life.  On  the  fourteenth  of  March, 
the  regiment  was  ordered  into  active  service,  and  accompanied 
the  entire  command  of  General  Banks  to  the  rear  of  Port 
Hudson,  about  twenty  miles  distant.  There  the  "  regiment 
bivouacked  for  the  first  time  upon  the  ever  memorable  night, 
when  by  the  strategic  movement  made  by  General  Banks, 
Admiral  Farragut  was  enabled  to  pass  the  batteries  of  Port 
Hudson  with  two  of  his  steamers,  the  Hartford  and  Alba- 
tross." The  next  move  was  back  to  Baton  Rouge,  from 
which  place  the  regiment  was  taken  by  steamer  to  Winter's 
Plantation,  three  miles  below  Port  Hudson,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river.  There  it  performed  important  picket  duty, 
until  the  twenty-sixth,  when  it  returned  to  Baton  Rouge. 

On  the  ninth  of  April,  company  I,  with  three  other  com- 
panies of  the  regiment,  in  connection  with  a  force  of  artillery, 
cavalry  and  infantry,  about  six  hundred  strong,  went  out  about 
six  miles  on  the  road  towards  Port  Hudson,  and  destroyed  a 
bridge  across  the  Bayou  Monticeno.  This  occupied  about 
five  hours.  The  regiment  marched  to  White's  Bayou  on  the 
twelfth  of  May.  This  bayou  is  crossed  by  the  Clinton  rail- 
road about  ten  miles  south-east  of  Port  Hudson.  There  the 
regiment  was  ordered  to  remain,  because  it  was  necessary  to 
hold  that  position  in  order  to  prevent  a  "flank  movement  of 
the  enemy,  while  our  forces  were  concentrating,  and  surround- 
ing Port  Hudson  in  its  immediate  rear." 

In  continuation  of  the  narrative,  the  report  goes  on  to 
speak  as  follows  :  — 

"  After  our  army  had  completely  surrounded  Port  Hudson,  and  were  in 
condition  to  attack  it,  the  Fifteenth  was  ordered  to  the  front,  and  marched 

IS 


226  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

from  Wliite's  Ba3fou  to  a  position  within  range  of  the  enemy's  batteries, 
on  May  26,  1863.  On  the  twenty-seventh  the  regiment  was  engaged  in 
the  assault  on  Port  Hudson.  The  casualties  during  the  engagement, 
were  one  private  mortally,  and  three  slightly  wounded.  From  the  twenty- 
seventh  of  May  until  June  fourteenth  the  regiment  was  engaged  support- 
ing batteries.  On  the  fourteenth,  it  was  ordered  to  engage  in  the  assault 
on  Port  Hudson,  but  was  held  in  the  reserve  column,  and  did  not  partici- 
pate in  the  fight.  From  this  date  the  regiment  was  engaged  wholly  in 
supporting  batteries  during  the  bombardment,  until  the  ninth  of  July, 
v^rhen  the  fortress  surrendered." 

The  Fiftieth  Regiment  did  garrison  duty  within  the  fortifi- 
cations, from  the  eighth  to  the  twenty-ninth,  when  it  took 
passage  up  the  Mississippi,  per  steamer  Omaha,  which 
reached  Cairo  on  the  fifth  of  August.  The  route  was  then  by 
railroad  to  Boston,  which  was  reached  on  the  eleventh.  On 
the  twenty-fourth,  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  of  the  United  States,  at  Wenham. 


FOURTH   YEAR   IN   WORCESTER.  —  RE-ENLISTMENTS.      227 


CHAPTER   XI. 

MILITARY     HISTORY    OF    WORCESTER     IN     EIGHTEEN    HUN- 
DRED   AND    SIXTY-FOUR.  — RECEPTION    OF    REGIMENTS.— 

RE-ENLISTMENTS. 

The  year  1864  opened  auspiciously  for  our  country.  The 
success  of  our  arms,  in  the  preceding  year,  on  land  and  sea, 
had  made  it  morally  certain  that  foreign  powers  would  not 
interfere  in  behalf  of  the  "  Southern  Confederacy."  The 
Mississippi  was  under  our  control  from  its  sources  in  the 
far  north  to  the  gulf  Grant,  with  his  valiant  lieutenants, 
had  triumphed  at  Chattanooga  and  Knoxville.  Meade  had 
pursued  the  baffled  hosts  of  Lee  into  Virginia,  on  the  way  to 
Richmond.  Soon  came  the  thrilling  news  of  the  decisive 
blow  dealt  by  General  Thomas  on  the  army  of  Hood  at 
Nashville.  Sherman  was  on  his  triumphant  march  from  Chat- 
tanooga to  Atlanta.  At  the  same  time,  it  was  known  that 
the  resources  of  the  south  were  becoming  exhausted,  while 
our  treasury  was  full ;  our  granaries  were  crowded  with  the 
products  of  a  rich  harvest,  and  our  workshops  and  manufac- 
tories were  bringing  in  almost  fabulous  wealth.  Besides,  the 
ranks  of  our  armies  were  filling  with  new  recruits  and 
veterans,  who  were  bound  to  advance  our  standards  along  the 
whole  line  of  war.  At  the  same  time  our  navy  blockaded  the 
coast  from  the  capes  of  Virginia  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Grande.  The  government  went  forward  with  increased  vigor^ 
inspired  by  the  great-hearted  resolution  of  the  people,  and 
the  earnest  prayers  of  the  Christian  Church. 

The  people  of  Worcester  were  in  earnest  sympathy  with 
the  most  resolute  and  high-principled  portion  of  their  country- 
men, and  while  giving  money  and  men  to  aid  in  suppressing 


228  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  rebellion,  were  no  less  earnest  in  laboring  for  the  over- 
throw of  slavery.  They  felt  that  the  object  of  the  war,  on 
our  part,  would  fail,  if  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  was 
not  made  the  irrepealable  law  of  the  land.  These  sentiments 
inspired  them,  when  on  the  very  last  day  of  the  year  1863, 
they  warmly  responded  to  these  words  of  Dr.  Sweetser. 

"  This  is  not  a  war  of  pleasure  or  choice,  but  of  compulsion.  The 
issue  is  forced  upon  us,  and  we  must  accept  it.  It  is  our  only  method. 
There  is  no  room  left  for  compromise.  The  day  of  concession  is  past.  It 
is  the  will  of  the  people,  which  of  itself  constitutes  the  government,  that 
our  flag  must  and  shall  be  sustained.  It  was  idle  to  talk  of  failure. 
There  can  be  but  one  way  out  of  this  trouble,  and  that  is  to  establish  the 
authority  of  the  government  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf,  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific.  The  question  is  not  so  much  wheti  the  war  shall  end,  as 
how  it  shall  end  ?  We  should  see  to  it  that  the  principles  of  freedom  are 
thoroughly  estabhshed  as  a  result  of  this  contest.  We  should  not  leave 
a  burden  for  our  children,  but  rather  bequeath  to  them  an  inheritance 
clear  in  its  title,  and  clear  in  its  character." 

Such  feelings  impelled  them  when  the  following  appeal  of 
Mayor  Lincoln  was  made  to  their  love  of  country  and  of  free- 
dom, on  the  first  day  of  January,  1864. 

"Mayor's  Office,  January  i,  1864. 
To  the  Citizens  of  Wo7'cester : 

Believing  that  the  good  of  the  country  as  well  as  the  interests  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Worcester  demand  that  every  exertion  in  our  power  should  be  made 
to  fill  up  our  quota  under  the  president's  call,  and  fully  believing  that  the 
work  can  be  accomplished  by  an  earnest  and  united  effort,  I  respectfully 
but  earnestly  request  every  citizen  to  close  his  place  of  business  at  three 
o'clock,  P.M.  during  each  day  until  the  sixth  of  January,  and  devote  his 
time  as  much  as  possible  to  aiding  in  obtaining  recruits.  It  is  hoped  that 
every  patriotic  citizen  will  see  the  propriety  of  this  request,  and  will  cheer- 
fully and  unhesitatingly  respond." 

At  this  time  the  number  required  to  fill  the  quota  was  three 
hundred  and  forty-seven.  A  meeting  was  held  the  next  after- 
noon, January  2,  in  the  City  Hall,  while  cannons  were  firing 
on  the  Common.  Samuel  Davis  presided,  and  earnest  ad- 
dresses were  made  by  Rev.  T,  E.  St.  John,  Lieutenant  Gird, 
J.  M.  Childs  and  R.  R.  Greene,  Esq.  In  the  evening  of  the 
same  day  another  public  meeting  was  held,  when  the   Hon. 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS.       229 

Isaac  Davis  presided  and  spoke.  He  was  followed  by  Major 
Harlow,  Rev.  Mr.  Moss,  Hon.  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  Mr.  Bench- 
ley,  and  Lieutenant  George  E.  Barton,  who  made  a  stirring 
appeal  in  favor  of  enlistment. 

The  third  of  January  was  Sunday,  and  the  feeling  was  so 
earnest  and  solemn  in  regard  to  the  national  welfare,  and  par- 
took of  such  a  religious  character,  that  the  people  crowded 
Mechanics  Hall  to  the  utmost  in  the  evening  for  the  purpose 
of  considering  personal  duty  respecting  the  war.  The  Hon. 
Charles  Allen  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  prayer  was  offered 
by  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John.  Then  followed  sacred  music  by  the 
united  choirs  of  several  churches  in  the  city. 

Judge  Allen  spoke  briefly  of  the  fact  that  on  the  Sabbath 
evening,  in  which  Christians  throughout  the  earth  are  ex- 
pected to  give  special  honors  to  the  Prince  of  Peace,  we  are 
called  to  this  strange  work.  "  But  we  are  fallen  upon  evil 
times,  and  must  encroach  upon  the  hours  usually  devoted  to 
strictly  religious  purposes,  to  uphold  our  country,  and  pre- 
serve it  from  the  traitors  within.  The  solemn  impressions  of 
the  hour  would  bring  us  more  fully  to  the  determination  to 
act  as  men  doing  our  whole  duty.  ...  It  demanded  no  effort 
of  the  imagination  to  believe  that  at  this  hour  hundreds  of 
virtuous  young  men  who  have  given  their  lives  in  this  war 
are  looking  down  from  above,  and  pointing  to  the  fields  to 
which  duty  calls.  Those  who  obey  this  call  shall  hereafter 
look  back  to  this  night  with  gladness,  in  the  midst  of  a  coun- 
try preserved  and  united  ;  they  shall  return  from  the  scenes 
of  war,  and  in  the  peace  and  happiness  around  them,  call  to 
mind  the  perils  and  dangers  they  braved  for  the  sake  of 
country,  and  remember  that  they  have  contributed  to  bring 
back  the  national  happiness  and  glory,  and  will  feel  a  joy 
which  no  others  can  feel,  and  can  say  truly  : 

'  My  country's  guard  I  stood ; 
From  the  soiled  banner  tore  the  serpent, 
First  held  him  up  to  public  gaze, 
Then  hurled  him  forth  to  ruin  ! ' " 

He  was  followed  by  Major  McCafferty  in   an  earnest  and 
eloquent  appeal.     A  letter  was  read  from  ex-Governor  Lin- 


230  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

coin,  who  was  unable  to  be  present.  It  was  replete  with  the 
spirit  of  patriotic  devotion.  John  B.  Gough  spoke  in  his  in- 
imitable manner,  and  a  very  deep  impression  was  made  by  the 
various  services  of  the  evening. 

About  fifty  men  enlisted  in  the  course  of  the  next  day. 
Out  of  a  class  of  seventeen  young  men  in  the  Universalist 
Sabbath  School,  fourteen  had  volunteered.  There  were  war 
meetings  in  the  afternoon  and  evening.  The  Hon.  Ivers 
Phillips  presided  at  the  former,  and  Samuel  Davis,  Esq., 
at  the  latter.  Among  other  speakers  was  Lieutenant  Thomas 
Earle.  He  referred  to  a  mother  living  in  ward  seven,  who 
had  to-day,  after  due  consideration,  informed  the  recruiting 
committee,  that  if.  the  cause  of  the  country  demanded  it,  she 
was  willing  that  her  last  son  should  enlist,  —  her  other  sons 
being  already  in  the  army. 

The  address  of  Mayor  Lincoln  at  the  organization  of  the 
City  Government  for  the  year,  on  the  fourth  of  January, 
contained  the  following  remarks  in  relation  to  the  national 
affairs. 

"  Our  various  regiments  have  nobly  maintained  their  own  and  their 
city's  honor  during  the  last  year.  Ward  and  Haven,  Jorgenson  and  New- 
bury, have  by  their  glorious  deaths,  hnked  their  names  in  undying  fame 
with  the  annals  of  that  old  Fifteenth  Regiment  which  were  before  illumed 
with  those  of  Grout  and  Spurr,  and  their  worthy  compatriots.  The 
Twenty-first  has  shared  in  all  the  dangers  and  glories  of  Grant's  splen- 
did campaign.  Those  other  regiments  which  have  gone  from  the  city, 
and  in  which  we  are,  or  have  been  so  largely  represented,  — the  Twenty- 
fifth,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-sixth,  which  are  still  in  the  field,  and  the 
Fiftieth  and  Fifty-first,  whose  term  of  service  has  expired,  have  alike  ren- 
dered good  service  to  the  country,  and  have  earned  honorable  distinction 
for  themselves." 

The  bounties  paid  during  the  preceding  year,  amounted  to 
^5,910.00.     State  Aid  to  families,  to  ^41,137.00. 

On  the  sixth  of  January  it  was  announced  that  the  quota 
was  full,  and  that  there  were  several  over  to  count  on  the 
next  call.  Many  of  the  volunteers  were  members  of  regi- 
ments whose  term  of  service  was  drawing  towards  its  close. 
The  influence  of  the  city  press  had  been  strongly  felt  in  the 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS.       23  I 

effort  to  increase  the  number  of  soldiers.  The  Spy  and  the 
Transcript  came  daily  to  the  rescue,  and  the  Palladmm,  in 
able  and  thoughtful  articles  added  its  appeals  from  week  to 
week.  The  following  from  the  Spy  of  January  6,  shows  one 
impediment  to  recruiting  in  this  place,  and  illustrates  the  pub- 
lic spirit  of  the  time.     It  says  :  — 

"  When  the  call  was  made,  there  was  such  a  demand  for  labor,  and 
such  increasing  need  of  every  able-bodied  man  at  home,  that  it  seemed  a 
hopeless  task  to  respond  in  the  short  time  allowed  for  it.  But  those  who 
doubted,  misunderstood  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  community.  Espe- 
cial credit  belongs  to  Captains  Sanderson,  Gird  and  Tucker.  Every 
citizen  too  will  be  willing  to  accord  to  Mayor  Lincoln  unqualified  praise, 
both  for  the  practical  wisdom,  and  the  sleepless  and  admirable  energy 
with  which  he  has  directed  the  work  of  recruiting,  and  has  organized 
success." 

As  a  part  of  the  war  history  of  Worcester,  the  following 
preamble  and  resolution,  offered  in  Congress  by  the  represen- 
tative of  the  eighth  district,  the  Hon.  John  D.  Baldwin,  of 
this  city,  is  here  inserted.  The  resolution,  which  was  passed 
by  a  large  majority,  undoubtedly  expressed  the  sentiments  of 
our  people,  at  a  time  when  in  other  quarters  there  seemed  to 
be  a  desire  to  compromise  with  the  rebels  rather  than  to 
subdue  them,  and  destroy  what  might  be  the  cause  of  a  future 
rebellion. 

"  Whereas,  the  organized  treason  having  its  head-quarters  at  Richmond 
exists  in  defiant  violation  of  the  Constitution,  and  has  no  claim  to  be 
treated  otherwise  than  as  an  outlaw  ;  and 

Whereas,  the  Richmond  combination  of  conspirators  and  traitors  can 
have  no  rightful  authority  over  the  people  of  any  portion  of  the  National 
Union,  and  no  warrant  for  assuming  control  of  the  political  destiny  of  the 
people  of  any  state  or  section  thereof,  and  no  warrant  but  that  of  conspi- 
racy and  treason  for  any  assumption  of  authority  whatever  ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  that  any  proposition  to  negotiate  with  the  rebel  leaders  at 
Richmond,  sometimes  called  '  the  authorities  at  Richmond,'  for  the  resto- 
ration of  loyalty  and  order  in  those  portions  of  the  republic  which  have 
been  disorganised  by  the  rebellion,  is  in  effect  a  proposition  to  recognise 
the  ringleaders  of  the  rebeUion  as  entitled  to  represent  and  bind  the  loyal 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  whom  they  oppress,  and  to  give  countenance 
and  support  to  the  pretension  of  conspiracy  and  treason  ;  and  therefore 
any  such  proposition  should  be  rejected  without  hesitation  or  delay." 


232  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  January,  the  State  Guard,  which  was 
composed  of  some  of  the  most  prominent  business  men  of 
the  city,  met  at  City  Hall,  with  ladies  and  friends,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  a  suitable  gift  to  Rev.  Mr.  Souther,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  company.  Colonel  Ivers  Phillips  called  the  meet- 
ing to  order,  and  introduced  Rev.  T.  E.  St.  John,  who,  after  a 
few  remarks,  presented  Mr.  Souther  a  purse  containing  ^208. 
Mr.  Souther  replied,  and  spoke  feelingly  of  the  gratification 
caused  by  such  a  testimonial  from  his  associates ;  and  in 
closing,  he  defined  his  position,  showing  that  the  highest 
duty  of  a  Christian  clergyman  was  to  do  all  he  could  in  behalf 
of  his  country.  His  remarks  were  received  with  hearty 
applause. 

The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  had  in  its  ranks  a  large  number 
who  felt  impelled  to  re-enlist.  These  had  a  furlough  in  the 
winter  of  1864,  and  reached  home  on  the  twenty-first  of 
January.  They  had  a  reception  which  showed  how  highly 
their  sacrifices  and  services  were  appreciated  by  their  fellow- 
citizens.  The  mayor,  the  city  marshal,  the  City  Government, 
the  State  Guards,  and  the  citizens  generally,  turned  out  to  do 
them  honor.  They  were  escorted  to  the  City  Hall,  where 
the  mayor  had  provided  a  generous  collation.  He  then  gave 
them  a  cordial  welcome  home,  in  behalf  of  the  city.  Major 
McCafferty  addressed  1:  is  old  comrades,  with  whom  he  had 
watched  and  "  fought  like  a  lion "  in  North  Carolina,  and 
called  up  the  scenes  of  successful  warfare.  Colonel  Pickett 
made  a  brief  and  energetic  reply.  He  then  dismissed  the 
soldiers  with  the  injunction  to  bring  each  one  a  man  with 
him,  —  not  a  conscript  or  a  substitute,  but  a  volunteer. 

The  officers  of  the  Twenty-fifth  passed  highly  complimen- 
tary resolutions  on  the  resignation  of  the  chaplain.  Rev. 
Horace  James,  saying  that  he  had  "  won  for  himself  the  love 
and  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him." 

Up  to  this  time  one  hundred  and  eighty-four  of  the 
Twenty-fifth  had  re-enlisted  ;  and  on  the  twenty-ninth  it  was 
announced  that  four  hundred  and  fifty  out  of  six  hundred  and 
fifty  had  re-enlisted. 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER.  —  RE-ENLISTMENTS.       233 

On  the  twenty-fifth,  there  was  a  presentation  of  elegant 
swords  to  Captain  J.  Massena  Tucker,  and  Lieutenant  John 
Goodwin,  of  Co.  H,  Fifty-seventh  Regiment.  The  grateful 
service  was  performed  by  Lieutenant  Thomas  Earle  and 
Rev,  T.  E.  St.  John,  with  appropriate  addresses.  Captain 
Tucker's  sword  was  the  gift  of  Lieutenant  Thomas  Earle. 
It  was  a  most  beautiful  weapon,  and  very  richly  mounted. 
In  his  remarks,  on  presenting  the  sword,  Lieutenant  Earle 
referred  to  the  scenes  he  had  borne  a  part  in  with  Captain 
Tucker,  when  in  Burnside's  expedition.  He  said :  "  I  have 
served  with  him  in  the  ranks  as  a  private,  and  have  bi- 
vouacked with  him  on  the  same  tented  field,  and  messed  with 
him  in  the  same  tent,  and  known  him  well."  After  recalling 
the  events  of  that  stormy  time  when  they  were  tempest- 
tossed  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  and  when  they  con- 
quered the  rebels  on  Roanoke  Island,  he  concluded  with 
these  words  : 

"  Now,  my  dear  sir,  let  me  have  the  pleasure  of  presenting  you  with  this 
sword  as  a  token  of  my  high  regard  for  you  as  a  man,  a  soldier,  and  an 
officer  ;  and,  young  men  of  company  H,  wherever  your  captain  draws  it  in 
defense  of  our  common  country,  by  your  strong  arms  and  willing  hearts 
help  to  make  a  name  and  fame  for  him  that  will  never,  never  die.  And, 
my  dear  sir,  if  God  spares  your  life  through  this  conflict,  no  citizen  of 
Worcester  will  greet  you  with  a  more  hearty  welcome  to  their  home  and 
their  heart  than  the  humble  donor  of  this  sword  which  I  now  place  in  your 
hands.  It  is  freely  given  ;  accept  it  as  freely  from  your  friend  with  the 
best  wishes  of  my  heart." 

The  Twenty-first  Regiment  reached  Worcester  at  eight 
o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  thirty-first,  after  two  and  a  half 
years'  service.  Thousands  were  waiting  at  the  station  to  re- 
ceive them,  and  received  them  with  loud  shouts  of  welcome. 
The  next  day,  February  i,  the  regiment  had  a  public  recep- 
tion. This  was  a  memorable  day  in  the  history  of  Worces- 
ter. The  escort  was  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Josiah 
Pickett  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  who  thus  delighted  to  do  hone 
to  fellow-soldiers  in  another  regiment.  The  line  was  formed 
in  front  of  the  City  Hall  at  ten  o'clock.  Escorted  by  five 
companies  of  the  Twenty-fifth  and  other  bodies,  they  marched 


234  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

down  Main  Street  to  Lincoln  Square,  through  Summer  and 
Front  to  Main  Street  again,  and  so  to  Mechanics  Hall,  arriv- 
ing about  half  past  eleven.  The  following  was  the  order  of 
the  procession. 

City  Marshal  Pratt  and  Aids, 
Worcester  Cornet  Band,  L.  P.  Goddard,  Leader, 
Members  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  with  their  Battle-flag, 
UNDER  Command  of  Captain  A.  D.  Foster, 
Drum-Corps  of  the  Fifty-seventh, 
The  Fifty-seventh  under  Command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hol- 
LisTER :  Co.  a.  Captain  Sanderson  ;  Co.  B,  Captain  Gird  ; 
Co.  D,  Captain    Howe  ;  Co.    F,   Captain  Dresser  ;   Co.  H, 
Captain  Dresser, 
Drum-Corps  of  the  Worcester  State  Guards, 
Worcester  State  Guards,  Colonel  Phillips  Commanding, 
Past  Officers  not  now  in  Service, 
Highland  Cadets,  Captain  Leland, 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department  with   Assistant  En. 

gineers, 
Washington  Engine  Company,  No.  i, 
Rapid  "  "  "    2, 

Niagara  "  "  "    3, 

Yankee  "  "  "    4, 

Hook  and  Ladder  Companies,  Nos.  i  and  2, 
Ocean,  City,  and  Eagle  Hose  Companies, 
Steamers  Governor  Lincoln  and  Colonel  Davis, 
Mayor  and  Members  of  the  Municipal  Government,  together 
with  Past  Officers  of  the  City,  and  Distinguished 
Citizens, 
The  Twenty-first  Regiment. 

At  the  head  of  the  Twenty-first  rode  Colonel  Hawkes, 
accompanied  on  either  side  by  Colonel  W.  S.  Clark  and 
Colonel  A.  B.  R.  Sprague.  Sergeant  Plunkett,  armless, 
walked  in  advance  of  the  colors  of  the  regiment,  and  attracted 
much  attention.  Stores  and  dwellings  on  the  route  were 
decorated. 

At  the  hall  a  liberal  collation  had  been  provided.  The 
galleries  were  crowded  with  a  brilliant  assemblage  of  ladies. 
"  The  appearance  from  the  stage  was  magnificent,"  says  the 
contemporary  description  of  the  scene,  "  the  noble  and  bronzed 
faces  of  the  veterans  of  the  Twenty-first  and  the  Twenty-fifth, 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS.       235 

their  battle-stained  flags,  the  enthusiastic  friends  about  them, 
all  rendering  it  a  sight  such  as  was  never  seen  in  Mechanics 
Hall  before.  Sergeant  Plunkett,  as  he  raised  his  cap  with  his 
artificial  arm,  was  loudly  cheered." 

Mayor  Lincoln  gave  the  regiment  a  "  cordial  welcome  to 
our  homes  and  our  hospitality." 

Colonel  Clark,  who  had  been  sent  by  Governor  Andrew,  to 
give  the  regiment  a  welcome  in  the  name  of  the  Common- 
wealth, spoke  with  the  feeling  of  a  comrade,  who  had  braved 
the  march  and  the  battle  with  the  veterans  before  him.  After 
bidding  them  welcome  to  the  state,  and  sketching  briefly  the 
career  of  the  regiment,  he  continued  :  —  "  You  indeed  know 
what  war  is.  Not  only  this,  but  you  know  also  something  of 
what  a  soldier  may  suffer  from  the  cowardice  or  cruelty  of 
officers.  Some  have  been  crippled  by  honorable  wounds  ; 
others  have  been  thought  worthy  by  the  Great  Ruler  to  be 
called  away.  Knowing  better  than  others  can  all  these  hard 
experiences,  you  have  almost  to  a  man,  re-enlisted.  I  regard 
you  with  unbounded  admiration.  Only  God  can  adequately 
bless  the  offering.  .  .  .  Heroic  veterans  !  I  welcome  you,  once 
more,  I  wish  you,  with  all  my  heart,  a  most  delightful  fur- 
lough." 

Colonel  Hawkes  being  called  upon  by  the  mayor,  re- 
marked :  — 

"  After  the  eloquence  of  our  late  colonel,  it  is  with  reluctance  that  I  at- 
tempt to  speak.  But  allow  me,  in  behalf  of  officers  and  soldiers,  to  oliter 
you  our  grateful  thanks.  Twenty-nine  months  ago  we  left  your  beautiful 
city,  and  took  our  stand  with  our  brothers  in  the  field.  What  we  have 
done,  and  how  we  have  done  it,  is  not  for  me  to  say.  I  will  only  say,  we 
have  tried  to  do  our  duty.  We  have  passed  through  many  severe  cam- 
paigns, but  the  most  severe  was  the  last.  Short  of  supplies  for  several 
weeks,  we  lived  upon  half  or  quarter-rations,  with  no  coffee  or  sugar  at  all. 
When  the  call  came  to  us  to  re-enlist,  we  had  had,  for  twenty-four  hours, 
but  two  ears  of  corn,  and  yet  the  soldiers  did  not  complain.  All  hard- 
ships were  borne  cheerfully.  These  are  the  men  I  am  proud  to  command. 
Out  of  two  hundred  and  eighty-seven  men,  two  hundred  and  fifty-one  gave 
their  names  for  re-enhstment,  (cheers)  and  the  Twenty-first  Regiment 
had  the  honor  to  make  the  first  report  to  the  corps  commander,  and 
receive    a  regimental    furlough.     Now  give   us   Worcester-county   men 


2-36  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

enough  to  fill  up  our  ranks  to  a  thousand,  and  we  will  be  in  at  the  last 
charge  that  is  to  finish  the  rebellion." 

The  following  sentences  are  from  the  eloquent  and  appre- 
ciative address  of  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock. 

"It  was  one  of  the  sweetest  and  fairest  of  our  skies,  as  the  sun  was  de- 
scending these  hills,  that  the  Twenty-first  Regiment  was  drawn  up  in  line 
to  receive  from  my  hands  this  flag.  .  .  .  Men  of  the  Twenty-first,  on  the 
day  I  have  alluded  to,  in  behalf  of  the  ladies  and  others,  I  had  the  honor  to 
give  you  these  colors.  You  have  well  kept  the  pledge  you  then  gave,  and 
the  glories  of  Antietam  and  Knoxville,  the  soil  of  four  states  stained  by 
your  blood,  this  brave  color-bearer,  Sergeant  Plunkett,  (cheers)  whose 
plucky  soul  still  marches  on,  all,  all,  bear  testimony  conspicuous  and 
lasting.  No  proof  was  wanting,  and  yet  one  remains,  your  own  tattered, 
blood-stained  flag.  (Cheers)  Men  of  the  Twenty-first !  behold  your  flag. 
(Cheers)  It  has  conducted  you  through  the  storm  of  battle,  and  you  do 
well  to  cheer  it  now.  Men  and  women  of  Worcester,  look  at  it,  stained 
with  the  blood  of  these  brave  men  who  bore  it  on  the  bloody  field  of 
Fredericksburg.  Look  upon  it,  men  of  Worcester,  and  swear  undying 
vengeance  against  the  cause  of  all  these  rents  and  stains.  Men  of  the 
Twenty-fifth,  look  upon  it,  and  let  it  remind  you  of  your  own  noble  sacri- 
fices. Men  of  the  Fifty-seventh  look  upon  it,  and  see  the  exalted  honor 
that  awaits  those  who  fail  not  in  their  duty." 

Colonel  Hawkes  then  called  for  three  cheers  from  the 
Twenty-first  for  their  flag,  which  were  given  with  a  will. 

The  regiment  had  lost,  up  to  this  time,  one  hundred  and 
sixty  soldiers  by  death.  Of  these,  forty-nine  by  disease,  and 
one  hundred  and  eleven  from  wounds.  Only  one  was  among 
the  absent,  and  he  was  wounded  at  Knoxville.  Dr.  Cutter, 
the  surgeon,  never  would  allow  a  wounded,  disabled,  or  worn- 
out  soldier  to  be  left  behind.  Whiskey  rations  were  never 
served  out  to  this  regiment,  but  coffee  in  plenty. 

On  the  eighth  of  February,  Colonel  Sprague  was  commis- 
sioned lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Second  Massachusetts  Heavy 
Artillery.  The  reason  of  his  taking  an  appointment  lower 
than  his  former  rank  was  this.  When  he  came  home  with  the 
Fifty-first,  the  governor  was  desirous  of  giving  him  another 
regiment,  but  the  health  of  his  father,  and  the  exigencies  of 
business,  compelled  him  to  decline.  When  ready  to  enter  the 
service   again.  Governor  Andrew  had  no  regiment   to   offer. 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. — RE-ENLISTMENTS.        237 

He  expressed  his  regret,  but  said  that  Colonel  Sprague  might 
have  the  position  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  either  a  cavalry  or 
an  artillery  regiment.  He  preferred  the  former,  but  deferred 
to  the  wishes  of  a  friend,  and  joined  the  artillery.  The  gov- 
ernor very  truly  remarked  that  his  consenting  to  descend  in 
rank,  from  love  of  country,  was  a  conspicuous  evidence  of  his 
patriotism.  A  notice  of  the  Second  Heavy  Artillery  will  be 
found  in  its  proper  place.  It  is  enough  to  say  here  that 
Colonel  Sprague  had  the  command  of  the  regiment  before  its 
term  of  service  had  expired. 

It  was  found,  on  the  sixteenth  of  February,  that  the  defi- 
ciency in  the  quota  of  Worcester,  was  about  eighty  men.  By 
the  twenty-fourth,  the  total  number  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regi- 
ment, exclusive  of  those  who  had  not  re-enlisted,  was  thirty 
officers,  and  four  hundred  and  seventy-nine  privates. 

A  brief  reference  has  been  made  to  the  reception  of  some 
of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  who  had  come  on 
a  furlough,  after  re-enlisting.  In  February  the  regiment  had  a 
furlough,  and  came  home  on  a  short  visit  to  their  friends. 

They  had  a  reception  in  Boston  on  Friday,  the  nineteenth, 
and  in  Worcester,  the  next  day.  The  papers  of  the  day 
style  it  a  "  grand  reception."  The  regiment  was  escorted  by 
the  City  Marshal,  the  Cornet  Band,  the  Fifty-seventh,  Colonel 
Hollister,  the  State  Guard,  Colonel  Phillips,  the  Highland 
Cadets,  the  Fire  Department,  the  City  Government,  Past 
Officers,  &c.  Then  followed  the  Twenty-fifth  under  Colonel 
Pickett.  The  procession  moved  through  Main,  Highland, 
Harvard,  Chestnut,  Pleasant  and  Main  Streets  to  Mechanics 
Hall,  which  was  occupied  by  a  large  number  of  ladies.  An 
ample  collation  was  prepared  for  the  soldiers.  After  this  had 
been  cheerfully  disposed  of,  came  the  speeches  of  welcome. 
His  Honor,  Mayor  Lincoln  said:  —  "Colonel  Pickett  and 
soldiers  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  the  smiles  of  joy  on  every  coun- 
tenance, the  loud  huzzas  from  ten  thousand  voices,  this 
crowded  and  enthusiastic  audience,  all  proclaim  to  you  a 
welcome  home."  He  then  stated  that  four  hundred  and  ten 
men  had  re-enlisted,  and  that  about  sixty  of  this  number 
belonged  to  the  city. 


238  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Hon.  Isaac  Davis  made  a  brief  address,  full  of  recognition 
of  the  services  of  the  regiment,  saying  he  would  like  to  speak 
a  word  of  special  praise  for  a  Worcester  company  in  this  regi- 
ment ;  a  company  of  our  adopted  citizens.  (Cheers)  Every 
man  of  that  company  save  three  or  four  who  were  sick,  had 
re-enlisted.  (Cheers  for  Co.  E)  They  are  commanded  by  a 
man  who  never  flinches — O'Neil.  (Cheers)  Colonel  Davis 
spoke  of  a  Captain  O'Neil,  a  soldier  of  Waterloo,  under  Wel- 
lington, and  said  he  had  three  sons  in  that  company,  (Co.  E) 
brave  men  as  ever  lived.  He  then  spoke  of  the  mighty  dead. 
If  they  could  have  heard  the  martial  tramp  of  the  brave  regi- 
ment it  would  have  been  music  to  their  ears.  But  they  look 
down  from  heaven  approvingly.  In  closing,  he  hoped  they 
would  have  a  pleasant  and  happy  furlough,  and  that  He  who 
guides  the  destinies  of  the  world,  would  be  with  them  and 
bless  them,  until  they  should  again  return  to  receive  a  still 
greater  triumph. 

Colonel  Pickett  responded  in  appropriate  terms,  and  in 
behalf  of  the  regiment,  returned  sincere  and  hearty  thanks  for 
the  reception.  He  had  been  with  the  regiment  from  the  first 
to  the  last,  and  could  bear  testimony  that  a  nobler  band  of 
soldiers  never  trod  the  earth.  And  they  had  shown  their 
undying  and  undiminished  patriotism  by  re-enlisting  for  the 
war. 

Colonel  Upton  was  called  for  by  rousing  cheers,  and  briefly 
expressed  his  joy  in  meeting  his  old  comrades  in  arms. 

Mayor  Lincoln  then  spoke  of  past  officers.  Colonel  Sprague, 
Major  Harkness,  and  Major  McCafferty.  The  latter  officer 
had  received  the  flag,  in  1861,  from  the  ladies  of  Worcester, 
and  therefore  he  now  spoke  of  the  scenes  through  which  that 
flag  had  passed.  In  closing  he  made  joathetic  allusion  to  the 
gallant  dead,  expressing  the  hope  that  God  in  his  mercy  would 
bring  the  regiment  safely  through  the  ordeal  of  battle  before 
them,  and  bring  them  home,  stout  in  limb  and  vigorous  in 
health,  to  receive  again  their  congratulations  as  preservers  of 
their  country. 

March  3,  John  G.  Tobey  entered  the  service  of  the  govern- 
ment as  telegraph  operator. 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS.       239 

On  the  eighteenth,  the  Twenty-first,  under  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Havvkes,  left  Camp  Lincoln  for  Annapolis,  via  Provi- 
dence. They  bore  their  old  battle-scarred  flag,  and  had  a  new 
one,  presented  by  the  ladies  of  Worcester,  through  their 
committee.  Miss  Miller  and  Miss  Lincoln. 

The  Twenty-fifth  passed  through  the  city,  on  the  twenty- 
third,  on  their  way  to  Fortress  Monroe. 

There  was  a  great  meeting  in  Mechanics  Hall,  Judge 
Chapin  presiding,  to  hear  George  Thompson,  the  celebrated 
English  orator,  and  the  life-long  champion  of  freedom  in  both 
hemispheres. 

It  was  stated  on  the  fifth  of  April,  that  the  quota  of  the  city 
under  the  calls  of  October  17,  February  i,  and  March,  was 
one  thousand  and  twenty.  The  credits  were  eight  hundred 
and  thirteen,  leaving  a  deficit  of  two  hundred  and  seven  men. 

On  the  eighth  of  April,  Colonel  Bartlett  took  the  Fifty- 
seventh  Regiment  into  the  city  for  a  marching  drill  and 
parade.  A  flag  was  given  into  the  hands  of  the  colonel  by 
Miss  Frances  M.  Lincoln,  daughter  of  the  mayor,  with  a  few 
patriotic  and  appropriate  remarks. 

The  Salem  Street  Church  on  the  day  of  annual  fasting  and 
prayer,  was  well  filled  with  an  audience  who  came  together  to 
hear  a  discourse  from  the  pastor  on  the  duty  of  the  nation  to 
seek  a  right  way,  founded  on  Ezra  8:21. 

"  Nations  sin  and  incur  divine  anger,  and  tliey  should  seek  a  riglit  way 
out  of  tlieir  troubles.  Fasting  and  aslcing  pardon,  without  seeking  a 
right  way  in  the  future,  is  worse  than  useless.  We  must  understand 
there  is  a  right  way.  Our  national  curse  has  come  from  the  confusion  of 
right  with  wrong,  by  press  and  pulpit,  for  a  generation.  The  highest 
crimes  condemned  in  God's  statute  book,  were  called  virtues  and  bless- 
ings that  a  nation  could  extend  through  all  its  territories,  and  yet  be  pow- 
erful and  prosperous.  If  there  is  any  glory  of  nations  ;  any  distinction 
between  sin  and  holiness  ;  if  character  is  not  a  delusion,  it  was  time  that 
God  should  send  his  thunderbolts  and  reveal  his  will.  The  repubhc 
could  not  hold  fire  in  its  bosom  and  not  be  burned,  and  the  conflagration 
illumes  the  heavens  so  that  the  blindest  begin  to  see. 

We  have  at  last  found  the  right  way,  and  as  we  value  the  nation's  life, 
we  must  walk  therein.  We  have  been  compelled  to  remove  the  sin,  or 
perish  ;  to  weaken    slavery,  or  die   by  it.     For  the  first  two  years  we 


240  WORCESTER    IN   THE   WAR. 

mocked  heaven  with  our  fasts  and  prayers.  We  have  been  coming  back 
to  God  for  a  year,  and  this  will  save  the  nation.  See  the  results  of  the 
last  year.  The  rebellion  lost  half  its  territory  and  half  its  population  ; 
its  finances  are  ruined,  and  its  resources  are  crippled. 

We  must  seek  of  God  the  right  way  to  be  followed  after  the  war,  in  the 
elevation  of  the  whole  people  of  the  repubhc.  Education,  intellectual, 
moral  and  Christian,  is  God's  path  to  freedom." 

Rev.  Mr.  Walker,  at  the  Old  South,  took  his  text  in  Judges 
5  :  23.  The  curse  of  slavery  vi^as  mentioned  as  the  prime 
cause  of  the  war,  and  its  destruction  was  urged  as  the  only 
path  to  permanent  peace.  Appropriate  services  were  held  in 
most  of  the  other  churches,  but  the  papers  contain  no  reports. 

The  State  Guards,  with  their  ladies,  made  a  call  on  company 
K,  of  the  Fifty-seventh  Regiment,  at  Camp  Wool,  on  the 
twelfth,  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  a  sash,  belt,  &c.,  to 
Sergeant  Samuel  Souther,  and  a  collation  to  the  members  of 
his  company.  It  was  a  very  happy  occasion.  Remarks  were 
made  by  Colonel  Phillips,  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Souther. 

On  the  fourteenth  there  was  a  presentation  of  state  colors 
to  the  Fifty-seventh  by  Governor  Andrew.  Colonel  Bartlett 
made  a  fitting  response.  At  the  same  time.  Colonel  Wether- 
ell,  of  the  governor's  staff,  presented  a  costly  field-glass  to 
Captain  Gird.  Four  days  later  the  regiment  left  for  the  field 
of  action.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  field,  staff  and  line. 
The  list  of  line  officers  includes  all  who  were  appointed 
during  the  term  of  service.  Names,  however,  are  not  re- 
peated. 

Colonel,  William  F.  Bartlett, 

Lieutenant-Colonel,     Edward  P.  Hollister, 
Major,  William  T.  Harlow, 

Stirgeon,  Whitman  V.  White, 

Assistant  Stirgeon,       Charles  E.  Heath, 
Chaplain,  Alfred  H.  Dashiell,  Jr. 

Captains,  —  John  W.  Sanderson,  Joseph  W.  Gird,  Julius  M.Tucker, 
George  H.  Howe,  Edson  T.  Dresser,  Levi  Lawrence,  Albert  Prescott, 
James  Doherty,  Charles  D.  Hollis,  Albert  W.  Cook,  Joseph  W.  Gelray, 
John  L.  Goodwin,  Henry  C.  Ward,  George  E.  Barton,  L.  Curtis  Brackett, 
Charles  Barker. 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER.   — RE-ENLISTMENTS.       24I 

First  Lieutenants,  —  George  E.  Priest,  Samuel  M.  Bowman,  E.  Dexter 
Cheney,  John  H.  Cook,  Edward  S.  Dewey,  Edwin  A.  Kimball,  Charles 
Saunders,  Albert  Doty,  Alfred  O.  Hitchcock,  Charles  H.  Royce,  James 
W.  Kenney,  Henry  B.  Fiske,  Albert  M.  Murdock,  Henry  M.  Ide,  James 
H.  Marshall,  Edward  F.  Potter,  Thomas  Sturgis. 

Second  Lieutenants, — John  H.  Clifford,  Frank  R.  Young,  Charles  F. 
Lee,  Amos  Bartlett,  Edward  I.  Coe,  John  Anderson,  John  Reade,  George 
S.  Greene,  James  M.  Childs,  James  Peacock. 

A  note  from  the  mayor,  dated  April  25,  stated  that  the 
deficiency  in  the  quota  of  the  city  was  two  hundred  and 
seventy-five. 

Charles  H.  Davis,  son  of  the  Hon.  Isaac  Davis,  was  ap- 
pointed commissary  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank  of  captain. 

The  Freedom  Club  held  a  crowded  meeting  in  Mechanics 
Hall,  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  May.  Hon.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton 
presided.  Wendell  Phillips  addressed  the  large  and  sympa- 
thetic assembly,  in  one  of  those  speeches  which  made  him  the 
prophet  of  the  war  of  freedom.  The  meeting  passed  the 
following  resolution. 

"  Resolved,  That  our  present  Congress  and  National  Executive  be 
earnestly  adjured,  by  the  love  of  country  and  fear  of  God,  who  is  no 
respecter  of  persons,  at  once  to  declare  slavery  abolished,  and  Liberty 
the  law  of  the  land ;  and  that  henceforth  and  forever  in  peace  and  in  war, 
our  government  is  to  know  no  difiference  between  white  men  and  black 
men." 

In  July  of  this  year,  Lieutenant  Eddy,  Captain  Prouty  and 
Captain  Ward  were  raising  three  months'  troops.  On  the 
twelfth  of  July  it  was  announced  that  Captain  Eddy's  company 
was  nearly  full,  and  that  Captain  Ward's  company  was  about 
ready  for  marching  orders.  The  same  was  true  of  Captain 
Prouty's  Infantry.  The  ranks  of  the  Old  City  Guard,  and  also 
of  the  Emmet  Guards  were  fast  filling.  By  the  fifteenth,  the 
companies  of  Captains  Eddy,  Ward  and  Prouty  had  left  for 
Readville. 

On  the  twenty-first  of  July,  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  having 
completed  its  term  of  service,  arrived  home.  The  next  day  it 
was  honored  with  a  grand  reception,  the  particulars  of  which 
will  be  given  in  the  history  of  the  regiment  for  1864. 

16 


242  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  fourth  of  August  was  observed  as  a  national  fast.  Able 
sermons  were  delivered  in  several  churches,  but  a  great  storm 
prevented  a  full  attendance. 

At  this  time  the  pecuniary  inducements  for  men  to  enlist 
were  very  liberal.  The  state  offered  ^325  ;  the  United 
States,  ;^ioo ;  the  city,  $100,  making  ^525.  In  some  cases 
^100  more  were  added. 

The  quota  of  Worcester  when  the  "  draft "  was  ordered  in 
the  summer,  was  stated  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  August,  to  be 
five  hundred  and  twenty-eight. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Lincoln,  who  had  escaped  from  a  rebel 
prison,  arrived  home  on  the  fourth  of  this  month. 

On  the  nineteenth  of  August,  Captain  Bemis'  company  was 
detailed  for  coast  defence.     It  numbered  seventy-six  men. 

Lieutenant  C.  Blake,  of  the  United  States  steamer,  Brook- 
lyn, who  was  wounded  in  Farragut's  famous  fight,  in  Mobile 
Bay,  arrived  home  on  the  ninth  of  September. 

September  1 1  was  the  Sabbath,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
recommendation  of  President  Lincoln,  thanks  to  God  for 
successes  on  land  and  sea,  were  offered  in  the  several 
churches.  Mr.  Richardson  said  :  —  "  Thank  God  for  recent 
victories.  They  are  great ;  they  may  prove  decisive !  Let 
them  inspire  our  faith  anew,  and  our  zeal  and  courage  in  the 
cause  of  our  country.  Unceasing  our  prayers  that  God  will 
save  our  rich  inheritance,  rule  his  people  here,  and  lift  us  up 
forever.  The  memory  of  the  dead  shall  be  larecious,  and  joy 
temper  the  sacred  grief  of  friends.  Never  in  vain  the  death 
that  saves  the  life  of  freedom."  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John,  at  the 
Universalist  Church  preached  a  similar  discourse  in  hope  and 
purpose,  and  equally  true  to  the  great  cause  of  liberty  and  an 
undivided  Union. 

The  Dale  Hospital  was  opened  here  in  September.  The 
large  building  and  spacious  grounds  of  the  Female  College 
were  well  adapted  to  the  purpose.  By  erecting  several  struc- 
tures in  the  rear,  accomodations  were  provided  for  a  large 
number  of  sick,  wounded  and  convalescent  soldiers. 

It  was  a  gratifying  announcement,  September  22,  that  there 


FOURTH    YEAR    IN    WORCESTER,  —  RE-ENLISTMENTS.       243 

would  be  no  "  draft "  here,  because  the  books  of  Provost- 
Marshal  Clark,  of  Boston,  showed  that  Worcester  had  a  sur- 
plus of  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  men. 

There  was  great  rejoicing  here  when  the  news  came  of 
Sheridan's  brilliant  victory  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley. 

The  Dale  Hospital  was  nearly  ready,  on  the  tenth  of 
October,  and  about  three  hundred  patients  were  expected  in  a 
few  days.  Fourteen  one-story  buildings  had  been  put  up,  each 
one  hundred  and  sixty  by  twenty-four  feet.  The  officers  of 
the  hospital,  as  it  went  into  operation,  were  as  follows  :  — 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  V.  in  charge,  Dr.  C.  N.  Chamberlain. 
Chaplain,  U.  S.  A.,  Rev.  Thomas  W.  Clark, 

A.  A.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,        Dr.  R.  Lord. 
"  "  "  F.  Livermore. 

"  «  "  B.  A.  Segur. 

"  "  "  John  H.  Cutler. 

Medical  Cadet,  "  Stacy  R.  Mershon. 

Hospital  Stewards,  —  Frank  J.  Scott,  Nathan  B.  Hoyt.  Number  of 
patients  on  the  thirtieth  of  October,  185. 

The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  had  a  reception,  Octobor  13, 
its  term  of  service  having  expired.  An  account  of  it  will  be 
found  in  the  next  chapter. 

A  calm  and  able  letter  of  ex-Governor  Lincoln,  in  favor  of 
the  re-election  of  President  Lincoln,  had  a  good  effect  on  the 
public  mind. 

On  the  Sabbath,  November  6,  preceding  the  presidential 
election,  discourses  in  reference  to  that  event  were  delivered 
in  several  churches,  setting  forth  the  duties  of  citizens  in 
regard  to  choosing  good  men  to  office.  The  sermons  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Hill,  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  Rev.  D.  E.  Chapin,  and  Rev. 
T.  E.  St.  John,  are  particularly  referred  to  by  the  press.  The 
latter  gentleman,  by  request,  addressed  an  immense  assem- 
blage in  Mechanics  Hall,  on  Sunday  evening.  Hundreds 
went  away,  not  being  able  to  find  seats  or  standing  room. 
The  subject  was  the  voter's  duty,  and  the  whole  discourse 
was  a  most  earnest  and  convincing  appeal. 

Thanksgiving  was  observed  at  Dale  Hospital,  November 
24,  abundant  provisions  having  been  supplied  by  the  citizens. 


244  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

Addresses  were  made  by  Drs.  Chamberlain,  Lord  and  Cutler. 
About  four  hundred  partook  of  the  repast. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  December,  the  Rev.  Henry  T.  Cheever 
delivered  a  funeral  discourse  in  the  Summer  Street  Chapel, 
from  which  the  following  extract  is  taken  as  indicative  of 
public  sentiment  at  the  time.  The  sermon  was  published  by 
request.  It  was  founded  on  Isaiah  26  :  9,  and  the  subject  was, 
"  The  Meaning  of  God  in  the  Judgment  of  War."  After 
showing  that  the  judgments  of  God  are  great  teachers,  and 
that  a  nation  must  do  justly  or  meet  judgment  in  its  turn,  and 
illustrating  this  from  history,  he  concluded  as  follows  :  — 

"  Is  it  not  time  to  nationalize  the  Covenant  by  which  the  Pilgrims  of  the 
Mayflower  formed  themselves  into  a  Christian  Democracy,  and  became 
solemnly  bound  '  to  take  care  of  the  good  of  each  other  and  of  the 
whole  ?'  Is  not  this  the  time  to  have  done  with  compromise,  and  to  in- 
augurate a  new  era  of  principles  and  ideas  introductory  to  the  practical 
reign  of  righteousness  .''  Shall  we  not  now  lay,  as  the  corner-stone  of  a 
reconstructed  Christian  Republic  of  commingled  races,  a  formula  of  as- 
sociation that  shall  stand  forever.-*  All  for  cadi  wilJioui  distinction  of 
color  or  co7idition  —  EacJifor  all —  All  and  each  for  God  and  justice?'' 

The  triumph  of  our  arms  in  the  first  half  of  the  coming 
year,  broke  down  the  rebellion  and  made  sure  the  adoption  of 
the  spirit  of  the  above  formula  into  the  Constitution  of  the 
National  Commonwealth. 


FOURTH    YEAR. — THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.  245 


CHAPTER  XII. 

WORCESTER  TROOPS  IN  THE  FIELD,  FOURTH  YEAR. 

The  course  of  events  now  takes  us  again  from  the  bloodless, 
though  scarcely  peaceful  excitements  of  home,  to  the  "high 
places  of  the  field,"  where  death  was  met  in  its  most  frightful 
forms.  New  energy  had  been  infused  into  every  branch  of  the 
public  service,  and  the  people  were  resolved  that  the  rebellion 
should  be  speedily  crushed.  By  the  beginning  of  the  year 
1864,  all  parties  had  learned  more  than  they  knew  at  the 
opening  of  the  contest.  The  rebellion  had  developed  an 
unexpected  magnitude,  but  it  had  called  forth,  at  the  North,  a 
spirit  of  patriotism,  courage  and  self-sacrifice  that  seemed 
incredible  to  the  people  of  the  South.  Instead  of  the  grass- 
grown  streets,  the  idle  machinery,  and  the  "  bread  riots,"  in 
northern  towns  and  cities,  which  had  been  predicted  by 
ardent  friends  of  secession,  there  were  increased  population, 
enlarged  business,  and  universal  plenty.  The  resources  of  the 
nation  seemed  to  grow  as  they  were  spent,  and  the  heroic 
spirit  of  the  people  rose  according  to  the  emergency.  How 
the  strength  of  Worcester  was  engaged  in  the  struggle  will  be 
learned  by  following  her  regiments  to  the  front." 

Section  I. — The  Fifteenth  Regiment. 
We  left  this  regiment,  at  the  close  of  1863,  in  winter-quar- 
ters, near  the  town  of  Stevensburg,  in  Northern  Virginia, 
where  the  officers  and  men  were  sheltered  in  huts  "  neither 
regularly  built,  nor  ornamental  in  design,  but  well  arrange  d 
and  comfortable."  The  health  of  the  members  was  quite  as 
good  as  that  of  the  average  of  troops  in  the  field.  "  Of  the 
monotony   of  camp   life,"    says   the   report  of  the  adjutant- 


246  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

general,  and  drawn  up  probably  from  information  supplied  by 
the  officer  in  command,  "but  little  either  of  value  or  interest 
may  be  said   or  written  of  the  winter  of  1864.     The  duties 
performed  by  the  regiment  were  few  and  unvarying.     Some 
miles  distant  from  the  camp  ran  the  Rapidan  River,  its  banks 
lined  with  the  pickets  of  the  hostile  armies.     In  this  duty  of 
picketing,  the  regiment  had  its  share.     A  force  of  officers  and 
men,  proportioned  exactly  to  the  number  present  for  duty,  was 
detailed  every  third  day,  and  proceeded  to  their  station  on  the 
river.     They  were  relieved  at  the  expiration  of  their  tour  of 
duty  by  a  like  number.     About   one-third    of    the   regiment 
(present  for  duty,)  were  thus  constantly  on  duty  during  the 
winter.     Owing  to  the  severity  of  the  weather,  drills  were  for 
the  most  part  suspended." 

In  April,  —  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hooper  in  command,  —  all 
this  was  changed,  and  preparations  were  rapidly  made  for  the 
spring  campaign.  General  Meade  remained  the  commander 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  but  General  Grant,  at  the  head 
of  all  our  land  forces  was  to  be  with  the  veterans  who  had 
fought  hard,  endured  great  reverses  with  constancy,  and 
gained  well-contested  and  decisive  victories,  but  who  were  yet 
to  win  their  crowning  triumphs.  "  Recruits  were  hurried 
forward,  the  army  was  newly  clothed  and  thoroughly  equipped, 
drills,  reviews,  and  inspections,  rigid  and  frequent,  were 
instituted,  surplus  baggage  sent  to  the  rear,  old  camps  broken 
up  and  new  ones  formed,  that  all  might  be  in  readiness  for  a 
move  at  short  notice." 

The  regiment  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  some  fifty 
or  sixty  raw  recruits,  during  the  winter  and  spring,  and  about 
the  same  number  of  old  members,  under  the  stimulus  of  the 
large  bounties  offered  to  veterans,  re-enlisted.  On  the  first 
of  May,  a  field  return  gave  the  strength  of  the  Fifteenth  as 
about  three  hundred  officers  and  men,  present  for  duty. 
These  went  into  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  and  were  in  all 
the  marches  and  battles  of  the  Second  Corps,  between  that 
"  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death "  and  Petersburg.  In  the 
battles  of  the  Wilderness,  the  regiment  lost  about  one-half  its 
officers  and  men,  either  as  killed  or  wounded. 


FOURTH    YEAR.  THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.  24/ 

Let  the  reader  recall  to  mind  the  events  of  that  campaign, 
wherein  the  bloody  scenes  of  to-day  were  followed  by  similar 
scenes  to-morrow ;  in  which  the  advance  by  attacking  and 
flanking,  was  carried  on  by  new  combats  and  repeated  flank 
movements,  till  Lee  was  forced  back  upon  the  defences  of 
Richmond,  and  while  recollecting  their  movements,  let  him 
not  forofet  that  the  surviving  members  of  the  Fifteenth  were 
actors  in  all  these  marches  and  battles.  That  memorable 
history  is  theirs,  and  the  record  will  remain  through  all  gener- 
ations. 

Passing  rapidly  over  the  terrible  experiences  of  May,  and 
the  latter  part  of  the  succeeding  month,  the  report  con- 
tinues :  — 

"  On  the  twenty-second  of  June,  the  regiment,  dwindled  down  to  five 
officers  and  about  seventy  muskets,  confronted  the  enemy  near  the  Jeru- 
salem plank-road,  before  Petersburg.  A  break  or  gap  in  the  line  of  battle 
allowed  the  enemy  to  throw  a  large  force  on  the  flank  and  in  the  rear  of 
the  Second  Division,  Second  Corps.  Hidden  from  view  by  a  dense  un- 
dergrowth, the  maneuver  was  not  comprehended  until  too  late.  The  first 
intimation  of  the  position  of  affairs,  was  a  demand  from  the  enemy  to  sur- 
render. Taken  thus  by  surprise,  and  overwhelmed  by  numbers,  the  rem- 
nant of  the  regiment  was  captured  almost  entire.  Four  officers  and  about 
sixty-five  men  were  marched  off  prisoners  of  war  ;  one  officer,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Hooper,  and  some  five  men  escaped  to  tell  the  story.  This  offi- 
cer being  wounded  the  same  day,  and  shortly  after  the  disaster  above 
mentioned,  the  few  remaining,  increased  somewhat  by  the  arrival  of  con- 
valescents, were  placed  for  a  few  days  in  another  command,  until  officers 
of  the  regiment,  who  had  been  wounded  in  the  campaign,  and  who  were 
on  their  way  to  the  front  from  hospital,  should  arrive." 

The  term  of  the  regiment,  as  a  body,  had  expired.  One 
company,  which  was  not  mustered  into  service  until  August 
5,  1 86 1,  had  a  few  weeks  still  to  serve.  This  company,  in 
addition  to  those  who  had  re-enlisted,  was  transferred  to  the 
Twentieth  Regiment.  Four  officers  were  retained  to  com- 
mand these  men,  but  at  the  time  were  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy  as  prisoners. 

The  remainder  of  the  regiment,  increased  by  detachments 
of  sick  and  wounded  men  who  were  in  a  condition  to  travel, 
men  on  detached   service,  etc.,  was  ordered  on  the  twelfth  of 


248  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

July  to  proceed  to  Worcester,  to  be  mustered  out  of  service. 
They  arrived  July  21,  and  were  quartered  during  the  night  in 
City  Hall ;  and  the  next  day  were  greeted  by  a  reception 
which,  says  the  adjutant-general's  report,  "will  never  be  for- 
gotten as  long  as  life  and  memory  shall  be  granted  them." 
The  report  proceeds  :  — 

"  His  Excellency  Governor  Andrew  and  staff,  together  with  his  Honor 
Mayor  Lincoln,  and  the  city  authorities,  welcomed  the  regiment  home 
thanking  the  men  in  eloquent  words  for  the  part  they  had  borne  in  their 
country's  struggle,  and  alluding  with  tender  respect  to  the  honored  dead 
who  had  fallen  in  the  fight.  Both  state  and  city  were  represented  in  the 
military  escort  and  procession.  The  city,  decorated  with  flags,  wore  a 
holiday  aspect,  and  the  crowded  streets  and  welcoming  shouts  gave  proof 
of  the  heartiness  and  spirit  of  the  people." 

This  summary  account  will  answer  for  general  history,  but 
the  inhabitants  of  Worcester  will  seek  for  a  more  particular 
recital  of  the  festivities  of  that  glad  reception. 

On  the  morning  of  July  22,  great  throngs  of  people  came 
in  from  the  neighboring  towns,  and  helped  the  citizens  to  fill 
stores,  houses,  sidewalks  and  streets.  The  streets  were  deco- 
rated with  flags,  streamers  and  mottoes. 

Governor  Andrew  and  staff,  in  full  uniform,  accompanied  by 
the  Independent  Corps  of  Cadets,  under  Lieutenant- Colonel 
C.  C.  Holmes,  came  up  from  Boston,  and  were  escorted  to  the 
Common  by  the  State  Guards.  The  procession  was  then 
formed  under  the  lead  of  Chief  Marshal  C.  B.  Pratt,  assisted 
by  William  A.  Smith,  Nathaniel  Paine,  Harrison  Bliss,  Jr., 
Henry  Witter,  T.  W.  Wellington,  Jr.,  and  Stephen  Salisbury, 
Jr.     The  order  of  procession  was  as  follows  :  — 

Detachment  of  Police, 

Military  Escort,  composed  of  Worcester  State  Guards, 

Colonel  Phillips,  seventy-four  men  with  Worcester 

Cornet  Band  ;  Fitchburg  Fusileers, 

Captain  Miles,  with  Ashburnham  Band, 

Fire  Department  under  Chief  Engineer 

Alzirus  Brown, 

State  Guard  Drum  Corps, 

Governor  Andrew  and  Staff, 


fourth  year.  — the  wilderness. the  mine.      249 

Independent  Corps  of  Cadets, 

City  Government, 

Selectmen  of  Towns  having  Companies  in  the  Regiment, 

Other  Invited  Guests, 

Officers  and  Past  Members  of  the  Regiment, 

The  Fifteenth  Regiment,  Major  I.  Harris  Hooper. 

A  national  salute  was  fired  on  the  Common,  and  the  regi- 
ment was  cheered  repeatedly  during  the  march  by  the  crowds 
of  people  in  the  streets.  The  route  was  down  Main  Street  to 
Lincoln  Square,  and  back  to  the  City  Hall. 

After  returning  to  the  Common,  the  regiment  was  welcomed 
by  Mayor  Lincoln  in  a  most  cordial  address.  He  alluded 
admiringly  to  the  history  of  the  Fifteenth,  and  to  their  prow- 
ess at  Ball's  Bluff,  Fair  Oaks,  Antietam,  Gettysburg  and  in 
the  Wilderness.  Then  in  behalf  of  their  wives,  sisters, 
parents,  kindred  and  friends,  with  joy  and  thanksgiving  to 
God,  he  welcomed  the  soldiers  back  to  their  homes,  which 
they  had  served  so  faithfully  and  honored  so  well.  The  old 
Commonwealth,  jealous  of  her  rights,  and  solicitous  for  her 
honor,  disputed  the  exclusive  right,  and  claimed  them  for 
herself.  Her  Chief  Magistrate  was  present  in  person  to 
welcome  them. 

Governor  Andrew  then  made  one  of  those  electric  and 
appreciative  speeches  which  went  far  to  reward  the  soldiers  for 
their  toils  and  sufferings. 

Major  Hooper,  in  behalf  of  his  officers  and  men,  returned 
thanks  for  the  brilliant  reception  which  had  been  extended  to 
the  remnant  of  fehe  Fifteenth.  Only  eighty-five  officers  and 
men  returned.  The  regiment  could  not  show  a  record  of 
uninterrupted  success,  but  they  claimed  an  unstained  record 
of  honor.  He  then  paid  a  tribute  to  Colonels  Devens,  Ward, 
Kimball,  Philbrick  and  Joshn. 

At  the  call  of  Governor  Andrew,  three  hearty  cheers  were 
given  for  the  Fifteenth  Regiment. 

A  collation  followed  in  the  City  Hall,  while  the  Cadets  had 
also  a  collation  in  Horticultural  Hall. 


250  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Section  II.  —  The  Twenty-first  Regiment. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  1863,  this  fegiment  was  enduring 
the  hardships  of  the  campaign  in  East  Tennessee.  The 
members,  as  we  have  seen,  had  enjoyed  a  pleasant  furlough, 
and  received  a  most  cordial  welcome  home.  The  visit  to 
familiar  scenes,  and  the  enjoyment  of  family  greetings  was 
soon  over,  and  the  regiment  was  again  on  the  war-path.  It 
left  Worcester  for  Annapohs,  to  join  the  Ninth  Corps,  with 
which  it  had  been  formerly  connected,  and  which  was  prepar- 
ing for  a  new  movement.  About  the  twentieth  of  April,  the 
corps  was  organized,  and  the  Twenty-first  was  assigned  to  the 
First  Division,  under  the  command  of  Brigadier  General 
Stevenson,  and  composed  mainly  of  troops  from  Massachu- 
setts. These  troops  were  engaged  in  drilling  and  preparing 
for  the  campaign.  The  corps  broke  camp,  on  the  third  of 
April,  and  marched  through  Washington,  where  they  were 
warmly  welcomed  by  the  president,  and  reviewed.  By  reason 
of  the  rain,  the  march  was  very  wearisome.  By  slow  marches 
the  regiment  moved  by  Bristow's  Station,  to  the  Rapidan, 
having  been  ordered  to  co-operate  with  the  army  of  the  Poto- 
mac. The  Rapidan  was  passed  on  the  fifth  of  May,  at 
Germania  Ford.  Early  the  next  morning  the  rattling  of 
musketry  was  heard  afar  off,  and  the  regiment  started  for  the 
scene  of  action.  This  was  the  opening  of  the  series  of  battles 
in  the  "  Wilderness,"  and  our  men  went  into  it  with  the 
steadiness  of  veterans.  "  There  was  not,"  says  the  official 
report,  "  that  '  spoiling  for  a  fight,'  which  had  once  been  its 
experience,  but  there  was  in  the  closed  ranks  and  steady 
march,  an  indication  that  every  man  appreciated  what  was 
before  him,  what  was  expected  of  him,  and  what  might 
be  called  for  as  a  sacrifice  for  Union  and  Liberty."  The 
underbrush  mingled  with  the  trees  of  the  Wilderness,  con- 
cealed the  combatants  at  only  a  few  yards  distance.  The 
Twenty-first  Regiment  with  the  One  Hundredth  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, were  formed  in  line  of  battle  on  the  left  of  the  Second 
Corps,  and  so  came  under  General  Hancock's  orders.  The 
other  brigade  of  General   Stevenson's  Division  was   on  the 


FOURTH   YEAR. — THE    WILDERNESS. THE  MINE.        251 

right  of  the  Second  Corps,  and  formed  the  right  of  the 
attacking  party,  when  the  whole  line  left-wheeled,  and  en- 
gaged the  enemy.  It  thus  happened  that  the  Twenty-first 
was  not  actively  engaged  at  first,  but  the  time  came  when 
there  was  a  demand  for  all  their  coolness  and  courage,  as 
will  be  seen  from  the  report  of  the  adjutant-general. 

"  The  brigade  of  General  Stevenson,  which  assisted  in  the  advance, 
was  composed  of  new  Massachusetts  regiments,  who  did  nobly  and  took 
the  most  advanced  position  gained  during  the  day.  Their  heavy  loss  was 
suffered  while  taking  that  position  and  holding  it.  Afterwards,  wlien  a 
terrible  charge  was  made  by  the  rebels,  and  the  raw  troops  of  the  Second 
Corps  gave  way  before  the  attack,  and  rushed  across  the  lines  of  the 
Ninth  Corps,  throwing  them  into  confusion  and  final  disorder  ;  then,  when 
they  seemed  flanked,  and  only  till  then,  did  this  brigade  of  General  Ste- 
venson's division  give  way.  And  then  were  gallant  officers  slain  while 
attempting  to  rally  their  troops  and  inspire  them  with  their  own  courage. 
Then  fell  General  Wadsworth.  Then  was  General  Stevenson  surrounded 
by  rebels  and  almost  captured  or  slain,  and  only  saved  by  his  coolness 
and  invincible  spirit  of  courage.  Then  Colonel  Griswold  fell,  and  many, 
many,  whose  valor  left  them  only  with  breath.  While  all  seemed  confu- 
sion, and  really  was  so,  when  the  rebels  stopped  in  their  charge,  we  know 
not  why,  and  when  no  line  of  our  troops  remained,  the  Twenty-first  Massa- 
chusetts and  One  Hundredth  Pennsylvania  were  deployed  and  advanced, 
and  by  their  celerity  and  gallantry  prevented  the  rebels  reaping  any  fruits 
from  their  temporary  success.  The  rebel  Hne  was  attacked,  and  the 
advance  repulsed  by  these  veterans,  and  soon  the  old  line  was  restored  in 
a  beautiful  manner  by  General  Hancock." 

The  regiment  lost  in  this  daring  and  successful  charge, 
two  men  killed,  viz.,  A.  F.  V.  B.  Piper  and  Herbert  Joslin  ; 
three  officers  wounded,  viz..  Captain  G.  C.  Parker  and  First- 
Lieutenants  George  H.  Bean  and  George  E.  Davis,  and  four 
enlisted  men.  Seven  were  missing.  The  total  loss  was 
fifteen. 

In  ordinary  warfare  great  battles  are  followed  by  periods  of 
comparative  rest,  when  armies  recuperate  and  seek  new 
positions  of  attack  or  defense  ;  but  when  Grant  set  out  for 
Richmond  it  was  with  the  purpose  "  to  fight  it  out  on  this  line 
if  it  takes  all  summer."  One  blow  was  followed  by  another 
till  the  impression  was  made  upon  the  rebels  that  a  sort  of 


252  WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 

fate  was  after  them.  This  could  be  done  only  by  keeping  our 
forces  on  the  alert,  and  constantly  in  most  exhausting  service. 
The  Twenty-first  Regiment  was  scarcely  out  of  the  Wilder- 
ness, before  it  began  the  movement  towards  Spottsylvania 
Court  House.  Skirmishes  were  frequent.  On  the  tenth,  our 
regiment,  in  common  with  the  whole  of  the  First  Division, 
"  suffered  an  irretrievable  loss "  in  the  death  of  General 
Stevenson.  In  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  the  Twenty- 
first  was  again  engaged,  and  made  another  charge,  when  nine 
men  were  wounded  and  one  was  missing.  There  was  skir- 
mishing, and  marching,  and  countermarching  on  the  eleventh 
and  twelfth,  and  on  the  latter  day  the  regiment  was  formed  in 
line  of  battle  again,  and  "  after  a  slow  driving  "  of  the  rebels 
about  one-half  or  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  it  was  detached  to 
close  a  gap  in  our  line,  "  and  then  assisted  in  a  glorious 
charge,"  as  a  diversion  of  the  enemy  from  an  attack  on  Gen- 
eral Hancock.  "  The  fighting  was  obstinate  and  long  con- 
tinued, until  the  rebels,  driven  from  one  line  to  another, 
brought  up  in  formidable  works,  from  which  they  were  never 
dislodged."  The  fighting  was  followed  by  a  rain  that  increased 
"  to  a  deluge,"  and  added  to  the  discomfort  of  the  night.  The 
losses  of  the  regiment  were  two  killed,  two  mortally  wounded, 
and  twenty-three  wounded  ;  in  all,  twenty-seven. 

There  was  a  skirmish  in  the  night  of  the  eighteenth  ; 
another,  after  a  "  few  days  of  dreariness,  on  the  twenty-fourth, 
at  North  Anna  River ;  after  which  the  regiment  marched  to 
Shady  Grove  Road,  where,  formed  in  line  of  battle,  they  lay 
several  days  and  nights  in  sight  of  the  enemy.  On  the  thirty- 
first  of  May  and  the  first  of  June,  there  were  lively  picket- 
fights,  in  which  three  men  were  killed  and  three  wounded. 
The  next  day  a  movement  was  made  to  the  left,  and  the 
Twenty-first  was  left  on  picket  to  bring  up  the  rear.  Being 
uncovered  on  their  right  too  soon,  the  rebels  charged,  says 
the  report : 

"  The  Twenty-first  fell  back  as  slowly  as  possible,  and  engaged  them 
fiercely.  Soon  however  the  whole  rebel  line  advanced,  and  almost  sur- 
rounded the  Twenty-first,  which  fell  back  and  joined  the  division,  when 


FOURTH    YEAR. — THE   WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        253 

the  whole  corps  soon  became  actively  engaged,  and  soon  the  whole  army. 
In  this  terrible  trial,  the  Twenty-first,  under  command  of  the  brave  and 
now  regretted  Captain  Sampson,  did  nobly  ;  otherwise  the  whole  rebel 
line  would  have  been  upon  our  army's  rear  before  prepared  for  it.  As  it 
was,  with  due  notice  by  the  brisk  firing  of  the  picket,  they  were  alarmed, 
formed  in  line  of  battle,  and  resisted  the  impetuous  charge  of  the  rebels 
with  terrible  slaughter." 

In  this  action  the  losses  of  the  regiment  were  as  follows  : 
killed,  seven ;  wounded,  twenty-six ;  missing  thirteen,  total, 
forty-six. 

The  regiment  was  engaged  the  next  day,  and  repulsed  an 
attack  of  the  enemy,  but  suffered  no  loss.  Then  came  a  few 
days  of  rest,  interrupted  by  occasional  skirmishes,  after  which 
the  regiment  began  its  march  to  the  James  River,  which  it 
crossed,  arriving  at  a  place  near  Petersburg,  on  the  sixteenth 
of  June  ;  where  "they  lay  so  long  and  suffered  so  much, — 
fighting  there  some  of  their  fiercest  battles,  and  shedding 
some  of  their  most  precious  blood.  Exposed  continually,  day 
and  night,  they  lay  there  in  their  trenches,  not  daring  to  lift 
their  heads,  sp  near  were  they  to  the  enemy's  sharpshooters. 
And  all  this  during  the  scorching  days  of  the  last  of  June, 
and  all  of  July,  and  the  first  part  of  August,  when  the  trees 
were  burnt,  and  the  grass  dead,  and  the  heaven  refused  its 
rain,  and  the  dust  lay  thick  on  all."  The  very  day  of  their 
arrival  they  were  engaged  in  action,  in  which  two  men  were 
killed,  and  two  were  wounded. 

The  next  day  witnessed  a  fiercer  struggle.  Early  in  the 
morning  the  Second  Division  of  the  Ninth  Army  Corps, 
charged  and  captured  some  extensive  works  and  four  guns,  — 
the  Twenty-first  being  in  the  third  line.  They  then  tried  in 
vain  to  take  the  works  beyond.  Then  the  Third  Division 
tried  and  failed.  Finally  the  division  to  which  the  Twenty- 
first  belonged,  was  ordered  to  try  it  once  more.  While  the 
division  was  to  charge  directly  ahead,  to  the  Twenty-first  was 
*'  assigned  the  delicate  duty  of  making  a  charge  diagonally  to 
the  line  of  direction  of  the  division,  —  which  thus  isolated  the 
regiment,  and  exposed  it  to  a  more  raking  fire."     This  was 


254  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

about  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.     Says  the  report  of  the 
officer  in  command  :  — 

"  The  Twenty-first  arose,  but  sank  almost  immediately  beneath  the 
withering  fire  which  met  them.  Then  there  was  need  of  all  the  courage 
they  possessed.  They  rose  again,  and  this  time  with  a  patriotic  hur- 
rah. The  colors  were  swung  aloft  gloriously  by  Color-Sergeant  Frank 
Peckham ;  brave  officers  went  ahead,  —  among  whom  was  Captain 
Charles  Goss,  who  in  that  terrible  moment  of  trial,  brought  out  all  the  re- 
sources of  his  soul,  proved  and  tempered  in  more  than  twenty  battles  of 
this  war.  A  noble  courage  filled  him.  He  seemed  to  forget  the  times 
when  he  had  been  wounded  '  nigh  unto  death,'  and  when  the  line  was  well 
formed  and  advancing  nobly,  he  fell  never  to  rise  again  till  a  louder  trum- 
pet summon  him  than  was  sounded  for  that  advance.  .  .  .  His  body  was 
pierced  in  many  places,  and  his  noble,  generous  and  Christian  spirit  was 
set  free.  .  .  .  Captain  Sampson  again  renewed  his  courage  in  leading  the 
regiment  up  even  to  the  rebel  lines,  whence  we  drove  the  occupants.  The 
lines  were  ours.  Darkness  settled  around,  our  amunition  was  entirely  ex- 
hausted. No  relief  came  to  our  aid.  Immediately  a  rebel  charge  was 
made,  and  the  whole  division  fell  back  in  confusion,  and  the  hues  so  gal- 
lantly taken  were  again  lost.  The  next  morning  came,  but  the  rebel  army 
had  withdrawn,  and  we  advanced  without  opposition  to  works  we  had 
conquered  and  lost  the  day  before.  In  this  action  the  regiment  lost  two 
killed  and  twenty-five  wounded,  two  mortally  ;  besides  four  missing." 

From  this  date  to  the  thirtieth  of  July,  when  the  "  Mine  " 
near  Petersburg  was  exploded,  the  regiment  was  in  no  gen- 
eral action,  but  was  exposed  to  the  severest  hardships  by 
night  as  well  as  by  day.  Firing  was  kept  up  continually  both 
from  infantry  and  artillery,  and  mortars  were  soon  introduced, 
so  that  the  men,  who  were  lying  alternate  three  days  in  the 
front  and  second  lines,  were  obliged  to  keep  low.  During 
these  five  weeks  the  regiment  lost  three  killed  and  ten 
wounded. 

Then  came  the  awful  slaughter  in  the  exploded  mine, 
sometimes  called  the  "  hell  of  Petersburg."  The  blunders 
and  confusion  and  disasters  of  that  day  will  be  assigned  to 
the  real  authors  when  the  facts  all  come  to  light  ;  we  are 
concerned  only  with  the  dreadful  fate  of  those  regimental 
officers  and  men  who  could  "  do  and  dare,"  while  others  were 
responsible  for  the  management  of  the  stratagem.     It  would 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. — THE    MINE.        255 

seem  that  everything  was  done  at  cross  purposes  all  day. 
Says  the  report  in  continuation:  —  "And  then,  late  in  the 
day,  the  colored  division  was  brought  in,  and  unable  to  come 
up  in  line  of  battle,  owing  to  the  ravine  from  which  they  came, 
only  added  to  the  confusion  and  slaughter.  They  also  sought 
shelter  in  the  pit,  and  soon  the  rebel  mortars  getting  range  of 
the  same,  made  it  a  horrible  slaughter-pen.  It  was  certainly 
the  most  sorrowful  and  discouraging  battle  in  which  the 
Twenty-first  was  ever  engaged.  They  fell  back  from  their 
advanced  position  later  in  the  day,  and  soon  were  brought  out 
entirely.  In  the  press  of  the  crowd,  the  bearer  of  the  State 
colors,  unable  to  detach  his  flag-staff  from  the  earth,  tore  the 
colors  from  it  as  well  as  possible,  and  brought  them  in. 
Troops  coming  in  afterwards  brought  the  staff,  which  gave 
rise  to  the  rumor  that  the  Twenty-first  had  lost  their  colors. 
But  it  was  soon  found  that  the  regiment  had  the  silken  rags, 
and  the  error  was  explained.  The  color-bearer  did  his 
duty."  The  losses  in  this  battle  were,  two  killed  ;  fifteen 
wounded ;  seven  missing ;  making  a  total  of  twenty-four. 
Among  the  wounded  were  Captain  William  H.  Clark,  (mor- 
tally) First  Lieutenants  George  E.  Davis,  (severely)  Henry  S. 
Hitchcock,  (severely)  R.  B.  Chamberlain,  and  Jonas  R.  Davis. 

It  was  decided  on  the  eighteenth  of  August  that  the  regi- 
ment was  not  a  veteran  regiment,  because  fifty-six  out  of  the 
three-fourths  who  had  re-enlisted,  had  been  rejected  for  vari- 
ous reasons  ;  and  it  was  ordered  that  the  organization  should 
be  broken  up.  The  officers  and  the  men  who  had  not  re-en- 
listed were  to  go  home  arid  be  mustered  out.  Captains  C.  W. 
Davis,  Orange  S.  Sampson,  and  Edward  E.  Howe,  and  First 
Lieutenants,  Jonas  R.  Davis,  Felix  McDermott  and  William 
H.  Sanger,  were  selected  to  remain  in  command  of  the 
re-enlisted.  On  that  very  day  the  remnant  of  the  regiment 
left  was  engaged.  This  re-enlisted  remnant  was  organized 
with  the  Thirty-sixth  soon  after  their  own  regiment  had  left 
for  home,  and  their  subsequent  history  will  be  found  with  that 
of  their  new  comrades. 

The  Twenty-first    Regiment  —  what   was    left  of  it  —  em- 


256  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

barked  in  steamer  from  City  Point  to  Washington,  on  the 
nineteenth  of  August.  It  had  lost  between  the  seventh  of 
May  and  the  day  of  its  departure  from  the  field,  one  hundred 
and  eighty  men.  The  casualities  were  as  follows.  Killed, 
23  ;  wounded,  123  ;  missing,  34,  some  of  whom  were  after- 
wards found  to  be  wounded.  The  regiment  had  for  duty  on 
the  morning  of  the  sixth  of  May,  1864,  two  hundred  and  nine 
enlisted  men.  Others  had  joined  in  the  course  of  the  summer  ; 
else  there  would  have  been  but  few  to  return. 

The  brave  relicts  of  the  Twenty-first  arrived  in  Boston  on 
the  evening  of  the  twenty-second  of  August.  They  were 
furnished  with  transportation  home,  assembled  at  Worcester 
on  the  thirtieth,  and  were  mustered  out  of  the  service.  They 
were  paid  off  in  Boston,  not  until  the  twentieth  of  September, 
and  were  obliged  to  pay  their  own  expenses  "  to  and  fro  at 
muster-out  and  at  pay-day."  The  report  concludes  with  this 
reference  to  a  brave  officer  :  — 

"  It  ought  to  be  said  before  closing,  that  Captain  Clark,  who  was  mor- 
tally wounded  at  Petersburg,  lived  to  see  his  home  again  before  he  died. 
He  also  had  served  three  months  in  the  eighth  as  private  before  entering 
the  Twenty-first.  He  had  been  wounded  once  before  at  Chantilly,  and  as 
it  was  then  thought,  fatally,  and  fell  into  rebel  hands.  He  never  recovered 
fully,  but  still  was  ever  with  the  regiment,  and  always  at  his  post.  He 
was  very  cool  in  action,  brave,  and  beloved  by  all.  He  had  more  than 
ordinary  determination,  or  he  could  not  have  remained  with  the  regiment 
after  his  first  wound." 

From  the  time  of  entering  the  service  till  they  were 
mustered  out,  eleven  commissioned  officers,  and  one  hundred 
and  twenty  enlisted  men,  had  been  killed  ;  twenty-four  officers 
and  three  hundred  and  eighty-three  men  had  been  wounded. 
Others  had  died  of  whom  no  official  report  was  received. 
Seventy-eight  were  among  the  missing. 

The  regiment  had  been  in  twenty-three  battles,  besides 
combats,  picket-fights  and  skirmishes.  It  never  faltered  in 
duty,  nor  quailed  under  hardship ;  and  on  more  than  one 
occasion  saved  the  day  or  turned  the  tide  of  battle,  when 
other  troops  were  yielding.  It  has  a  record  which  favorably 
compares  with  that  of  the  best  regiments  from  this  or  any  other 


FOURTH    YEAR.   THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        257 

State.  The  children  of  such  soldiers  may  ever  be  proud  of 
their  parentage,  and  the  State  of  Massachusetts  will  never 
cease  to  remember  them  with  grateful  honor. 

Section  III.    The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment. 

This  regiment  was  honored  by  a  reception  in  Boston,  by  the 
state  and  city  authorities,  and  in  Worcester  they  received  a 
most  enthusiastic  welcome. 

After  the  enjoyment  of  a  pleasant  month  at  home,  the 
Twenty-fifth  left  for  the  war  again  on  the  twenty-first  of 
March,  by  the  land  route  to  Baltimore  and  sailed  thence  for 
Fortress  Monroe.  Just  before  leaving,  a  beautiful  flag  was 
presented  by  Miss  Frances  M.  Lincoln,  daughter  of  the 
Mayor,  in  behalf  of  the  ladies  of  Worcester,  the  first  flag 
being  worn  out  in  the  service.  Colonel  Pickett,  who  had  been 
a  member  from  the  first,  was  in  command.  The  regiment 
reached  the  Fortress  on  the  twenty-fifth,  and  were  immedi- 
ately ordered  to  Getty's  Station,  near  Portsmouth,  where  the 
remaining  portion,  —  those  who  had  not  re-enlisted  —  met 
them  and  went  into  camp,  which  in  honor  of  one  of  our 
citizens,  was  called  Camp  Wellington.  On  the  thirteenth  of 
April,  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  light  skirmishing,  while 
on  an  expedition  to  Smithfield.  Orders  were  received  at  mid- 
night, on  the  twenty-second,  to  embark  at  once  for  Plymouth, 
North  Carolina,  but  on  reaching  Albermarle  Sound,  counter- 
orders  sent  them  back  to  Getty's  Station.  In  the  meantime, 
two  companies  of  the  regiment  which  had  been  on  an  excur- 
sion to  Suffolk,  Virginia,  came  into  camp. 

The  regiment  became  a  component  part  of  Heckman's  Bri- 
gade, Second  Division,  Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  April  26, 
and  the  next  day,  moved  to  Yorktown,  where  it  remained  till 
the  fourth  of  May,  on  which  day  it  left  on  transports  for 
Bermuda  Hundred,  arriving  on  the  fifth  at  five  p.m.  The 
next  morning  the  march  was  taken  up  for  Cobb's  Hill,  which 
was  occupied  at  eleven  o'clock.  At  five  in  the  afternoon  the 
brigade  attacked  the  enemy  at  Port  Walthall  Station,  for  the 
purpose  of  gaining  possession  of  the  Richmond  and  Peters- 

17 


258  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

burg  railroad.  In  this  "  short  but  severe "  engagement, 
which  was  unsuccessful,  the  Twenty-fifth  lost  three  killed 
and  fourteen  wounded.  The  next  day  the  attack  was 
renewed,  and  the  enemy  were  forced  from  their  hold  upon  the 
railroad,  and  the  track  was  destroyed. 

An  advance  was  made  on  the  Richmond  Turnpike  on  the 
ninth  of  May.  The  enemy  were  steadily  driven  into  their 
works  on  Swift  Creek.  The  rebels  made  repeated  charges 
and  attempts  to  break  our  lines.  The  following  is  from  the 
report  of  the  colonel. 

"  The  Twenty-fifth  here  met  and  repulsed  a  furious  charge  from  the 
Twenty-fifth  South  Carolina.  Perceiving  their  evident  design,  the  regi- 
ment was  ordered  to  reserve  their  fire  until  the  rebels  were  within  a  few 
yards,  when  such  a  terrible  volley  was  poured  into  their  ranks  as  to  hurl 
them  back  in  the  greatest  confusion  and  disorder,  leaving  the  ground  in 
our  front  covered  with  dead  and  wounded.  No  farther  advance  was  made, 
but  after  holding  the  position  until  morning,  we  were  ordered  to  return  to 
camp  at  Cobb's  Hill." 

The  same  incident  is  given  with  additional  particulars, 
in  the  history  of  the  Twenty-seventh  regiment,  in  these 
words  :  — 

"  The  three  last  named  regiments,  —  Twenty-third,  Twenty-fifth  and 
the  Twenty-seventh  South  Carolina,  —  by  a  singular  coincidence,  corre- 
sponded to  the  Massachusetts  regiments  opposing  them,  Massachusetts 
versus  South  Carolina,  '  mudsills  '  verstcs  '  chivalry.'  The  enemy  came 
rushing  forward  four  lines  deep  with  their  own  pecuhar  yell.  They  pre- 
sented a  front  and  charged  with  an  impetuosity  worthy  of  a  better  cause, 
until  within  fifteen  or  twenty  yards  of  our  line,  when  their  column  began 
to  waver,  our  fire  being  too  hot  for  them.  A  few  arrived  within  ten  yards 
of  our  line,  but  very  few  ever  got  back  to  tell  the  tale.  At  a  distance 
of  within  fifty  yards,  our  two  regiments,  the  Twenty-fifth  and  Twenty- 
seventh,  forming  the  front  line,  opened  a  deadly  fire  on  them  at  '  right 
and  left  oblique,'  and  literally  piled  up  the  dead  and  wounded." 

This  action  called  the  battle  of  Arrowfield  Church,  cost  the 
Twenty-fifth  one  officer  and  eleven  men  killed,  and  two 
officers  and  forty-seven  men  wounded. 

On  the  eleventh  the  regiment  moved  out  on  the  turnpike 
towards  Richmond.  There  was  skirmishing  this  day,  and 
on  the  morning  of  the  next,  the  rebels,  in  both  cases,  being 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        259 

forced  back.  They  took  refuge  in  their  intrenchments  at 
Driiry's  Bluff,  Skirmishing  was  kept  up  two  days  and  nights, 
until  the  morning  of  the  sixteenth,  when  the  enemy,  under 
cover  of  a  dense  fog,  with  the  help  of  reinforcements,  massed 
their  troops  and  made  a  most  desperate  assault  upon  Heck- 
man's  Brigade,  which  was  in  an  exposed  position,  on  the  right 
of  the  line,  "  being  posted  in  single  line  of  battle,  with  no 
protection  for  the  flank,  no  artillery  or  infantry  support  what- 
ever." In  this  trying  position  the  Twenty-fifth  "  fought  splen- 
didly, holding  their  ground  with  the  utmost  tenacity,  inflicting 
on  the  charging  columns  of  the  enemy  the  most  terrible 
slaughter,  until  surrounded,  and  with  ammunition  exhausted, 
they  were  ordered  to  face  by  the  rear  rank  and  charge  the 
rebel  line,  that  in  the  fog  had  gained  our  rear,  thereby  throw- 
ing the  enemy  into  such  confusion  as  to  enable  the  regiment 
to  extricate  itself  from  one  of  the  most  perilous  positions 
troops  were  ever  placed  in.  Reforming  the  line  of  battle  a 
short  distance  to  the  rear,  the  regiment  held  an  important 
position,  checking  any  further  advance  of  the  enemy  during 
the  day,  and  at  night  the  whole  column  withdrew  to  their 
original  lines."  This  long  contest  cost  the  regiment  dear. 
Eleven  were  killed,  one  officer  and  fifty-two  men  were 
wounded,  and  seventy-three  were  missing  ;  making  a  total 
loss  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven. 

Entrenching  and  furnishing  heavy  details  for  picket-duty 
kept  the  regiment  busy  till  the  twenty-seventh,  when  orders 
came  to  march  to  City  Point.  Embarking  here  the  troops 
were  landed  at  White  House  on  the  thirtieth.  The  day  fol- 
lowing the  march  was  towards  Richmond,  and  the  regiment 
bivouacked  at  Church  Tavern,  within  twelve  miles  of  the 
rebel  capital.  On  the  first  of  June  at  four  p.m.,  they  reached 
"  Coal "  or  "  Cold  Harbor,"  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most 
terrible  and  disastrous  battles  of  the  war.  Here  the  regi- 
ment joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  formed  line  of  battle 
without  delay,  and  soon  became  engaged  with  the  enemy, 
with  heavy  skirmishing  through  the  night  and  the  next  day. 
The  morning  of  June  3,  came  and  ushered  in  a  sad  but  glori- 
ous day  for  the  Twenty-fifth.     Says  the  official  report :  — 


260  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

"  We  were  ordered  to  assault  the  enemy's  works.  The  regiment 
charged  gallantly  some  distance  through  a  most  galling  fire,  until  within 
a  few  yards  of  their  intrenchments  ;  [the  enemy's]  they  were  met  by  a 
storm  of  bullets,  shot  and  shell,  that  no  human  power  could  withstand. 
Checked  in  their  attempt  to  break  the  rebel  line,  and  with  two-thirds  of 
their  number  killed  or  disabled,  the  regiment  still  determinedly  held  the 
position  gained,  protecting  themselves  as  best  they  could,  by  the  nature 
of  the  ground,  until  dark,  when  with  their  hands  and  tin  cups,  rifle-pits 
were  constructed,  thus  rendering  the  position  tenable.  In  this  desperate 
assault  the  regiment  displayed  the  most  heroic  bravery." 

The  frightful  position  of  the  regiment  may  be  seen  by  the 
fact  that  they  had  entered  the  opening  of  a  valley  shaped  like  a 
horse-shoe,  and  that  the  land  rose  in  front  and  on  either  flank, 
covered  with  wood  and  brush,  so  that  they  were  at  the  mercy 
of  a  concealed  enemy.  To  this  was  ov/ing  their  fearful  loss. 
But  having  intrenched  themselves,  they  remained  in  the  rifle- 
pits,  continually  skirmishing,  yet  with  trifling  loss,  until  the 
twelfth,  when  they  were  ordered  to  march  to  the  White 
House.  In  this  awful  struggle  the  regiment  had  four  oflicers 
and  twenty-three  men  killed  ;  eleven  officers  and  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-eight  men  were  wounded  ;  and  two  officers 
and  forty-seven  men  were  missing.  Among  the  wounded  was 
the  brave  colonel,  who  received  a  bullet  just  below  the  hip, 
which  was  driven  deep  and  carried  before  it  five  or  six  thick- 
nesses of  cloth  —  cloak,  coat,  pants,  drawers,  and  linings. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Moulton  was  taken  prisoner  ;  .  Major 
Attwood  was  wounded  ;  Adjutant  McConville  was  mortally 
wounded.  Captain  F.  A.  Goodwin,  senior  officer,  now  as- 
sumed command.  When  the  regiment  embarked,  on  the 
thirteenth,  for  Point  of  Rocks,  it  contained  less  than  one  third 
of  the  number  who  sailed  two  weeks  before. 

On  the  night  of  the  fourteenth  the  remnant  were  at  Point 
of  Rocks,  on  the  Appomattox,  and  at  two  o'clock  the  next 
morning  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Petersburg.  They 
crossed  the  river,  and  at  eight  began  skirmishing  with  the 
enemy.  "  Advancing  under  a  severe  fire  from  the  enemy's 
artillery,  to  within  a  short  distance  of  their  works,  we  halted 
and  remained  during  the  day,  exposed  to  the  scorching  rays  of 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        26l 

the  sun,  and  the  enemy's  fire,  which  was  kept  up  at  intervals 
until  sundown,  when  a  furious  fire  from  our  artillery  was 
opened,  and  the  works  carried  by  assault ;  the  Twenty-fifth 
capturing  three  twelve-pound  Napoleon  guns  with  caissons 
complete."  The  capture  of  the  guns  was  made  by  Co.  A, 
who  under  the  command  of  Orderly  Sergeant  Samuel  Putnam, 
"  are  entitled  to  the  highest  praise  for  their  gallant  conduct." 
One  man  was  killed,  and  one  officer  and  seventeen  men  were 
wounded.  The  regiment  now  came  under  the  command  of 
Captain  V.  P.  Parkhurst. 

On  the  eighteenth  the  brigade  was  ordered  to  capture  a  line 
of  works,  but  their  charge  was  repulsed,  and  our  regiment  lost 
six  men  killed,  and  one  officer  and  twelve  men  wounded. 
During  the  next  five  weeks  the  troops  were  in  the  trenches, 
but  exposed  to  incessant  fire  from  infantry  and  artillery,  with 
constant  skirmishing.  Six  men  were  killed  ;  one  officer  and 
twenty-four  men  were  wounded.  Thus  the  ranks  were  fast 
thinning,  day  by  day,  but  their  time  was  nearly  ended.  On 
the  twenty-fifth  of  August,  the  regiment,  with  its  brigade, 
crossed  the  Appomattox  again,  and  took  its  position  on  the 
left  of  General  Butler's  line  of  works,  where  they  lay  in- 
trenched until  the  fourth  of  September.  It  was  then  ordered 
to  Newbern,  North  Carolina,  which  place  it  reached  on  the 
tenth  ;  once  more  in  the  old  familiar  scenes  of  its  earlier 
triumphs.  On  the  fifth  of  October,  that  portion  of  the  regi- 
ment whose  term  of  service  had  expired,  were  ordered  to 
Worcester  under  command  of  Captain  Denny,  the  place  of 
enrollment,  and  then,  on  the  twentieth  of  the  same  month, 
were  mustered  out  of  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

On  this  its  final  return,  the  regiment  had  a  most  cordial  and 
gratifying  reception  from  the  city  authorities  and  the  citizens 
generally.  Addresses  of  welcome  and  of  thanks  were  made 
by  Mayor  Lincoln  and  Colonel  Pickett,  the  one  representing 
the  city  and  the  other  the  regiment. 

The  remainder  of  the  men  were  consolidated,  with  their 
officers,  into  four  companies,  forming  a  battalion,  with  head- 
quarters near    Fort    Spinola,  under  Captain   James  Tucker. 


262  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Their  history  for  the  remainder  of  the  year,  will  be  found  at 
the  close  of  this  chapter. 

Returning  now  to  the  history  of  the  whole  regiment,  we 
find  that  during  the  year  1864,  it  lost  some  of  its  best  and 
bravest  officers.  Captain  O'Neil  fell  on  the  third  of  June, 
asking  as  he  died,  to  have  "  his  face  turned  toward  the 
enemy."  Lieutenants  Daly,  Upton,  Matthews,  Pelton  and 
Graham,  "  nobly  and  gallantly  fell  in  the  faithful  discharge  of 
their  duties."  Lieutenant  McConville,  the  Adjutant,  "  a  brave 
and  most  accomplished  officer,"  died  of  wounds  received  at 
Cold  Harbor.  Says  the  colonel  in  his  report :  "  The  ex- 
cellent conduct  of  both  officers  and  men,  under  all  circum- 
stances, elicits  my  entire  approbation.  Their  vigilance  fidel- 
ity, fortitude,  with  the  unsurpassed  and  unflinching  valor  at 
all  times  displayed,  entitled  them  to  the  highest  and  most 
unqualified  praise." 

The  total  number  of  wounded  in  the  regiment,  from  its 
organization  until  it  was  mustered  out  October  20,  1864,  was 
twenty-one  officers,  and  three  hundred  and  eighty-two  men. 
Thirteen  are  reported  as  deserters,  but  not  one  was  known  to 
have  joined  the  enemy. 

Thus  closes  a  history  which  will  ever  redound  to  the  honor 
of  one  of  the  bravest,  most  serviceable,  and  most  devoted 
regiments  that  went  from  our  Commonwealth  to  the  war. 

Section  IV.  —  The  Thirty-fourth   Regiment. 

The  Thirty-fourth,  after  its  rapid  and  fatiguing  march  of 
one  hundred  and  sixteen  miles  in  four  days,  from  Harrison- 
burg down  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  found  itself  at 
Harper's  Ferry,  where  it  kept  Christmas  as  merrily  as  it  could, 
under  the  circumstances.  The  years'  work  began  on  the  first 
of  February,  1864.  In  continuing  the  narrative  of  the  regi- 
ment, for  several  succeeding  months,  the  facts  will  be  drawn 
from  the  report  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lincoln,  and  in  many 
cases,  the  exact  language  will  be  used.  Colonel  Wells  was 
acting  as  brigadier  nearly  all  the  time  till  his  lamented  death. 

On  the  first  of  February  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Cum- 


FOURTH    VEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        263 

berland,  Maryland  ;  on  the  seventh  it  returned  to  Harper's 
Ferry ;  on  the  fifth  of  March,  it  was  sent  to  Monocacy. 
These  movements  were  to  repel  threatened  attacks.  March  7, 
the  regiment  went  to  Martinsburg,  and  was  placed  on  provost 
duty,  Colonel  Wells  commanding  the  post.  They  were 
ordered  back  to  the  Ferry  on  the  second  of  April,  and  on  the 
seventeenth  back  to  Martinsburg.  April  29,  they  left  Mar- 
tinsburg,  with  forces  under  General  Sigel.  At  this  time  the 
regiment  contained  nine  hundred  and  thirty-six  enlisted  men  ; 
six  hundred  and  seventy  present  for  duty.  They  remained  at 
Winchester  from  May  2  to  May  9,  where  Sigel  was  drilling 
and  organizing  his  command.  May  9,  marched  to  Cedar 
Creek;  May  11,  to  Woodstock;  May  14,  received  orders  to 
move,  about  eleven  o'clock,  a.m.,  and  reached  New  Market  at 
six,  P.M.,  having  marched  twenty-one  miles,  with  a  single  halt 
of  ten  minutes.  Then  occurred  the  battle  of  New  Market, 
which  shall  be  described  in  the  words  of  the  report  :  — 

"  Our  advance  cavalry  we  found  engaged  with  the  enemy.  The  fight- 
ing lasted  till  after  dark.  We  were  ordered  to  take  position  in  a  piece  of 
woods  held  by  the  enemy.  After  a  sharp  skirmish  we  drove  them  from 
their  position.  We  lay  in  line  of  battle  all  night,  in  a  cold,  drizzling  rain 
storm,  which  had  continued  since  morning,  without  shelter  from  the 
storm,  or  anything  to  eat.  At  daylight,  ^  May  15,  —  the  next  morning, 
three  companies  were  ordered  forward,  to  take  possession,  and  held  this 
point  until  about  eleven  a.m.,  when  the  enemy  advanced  a  whole  brigade, 
preceded  by  a  double  line  of  skirmishers,  against  this  little  force.  By 
skillful  deployment,  they  had  been  made  to  believe  that  our  whole  force 
was  there.  These  three  companies  waited  until  their  advance  was  within 
twenty  rods,  when  they  were  rapidly  and  safely  withdrawn.  This  maneu- 
ver gained  for  us  three  or  four  hours,  and  enabled  a  part  of  the  remaining 
force  of  General  Sigel  to  come  up.  We  fell  back  about  a  mile,  and  form- 
ing a  line  of  batde,  awaited  the  attack.  The  enemy  were  soon  seen  ad- 
vancing in  beautiful  order,  with  three  lines  of  battle,  each  larger  than  our 
one  ;  their  line  yelling,  and  firing  with  great  rapidity.  We  were  ordered 
to  lie  down,  and  hold  our  fire  till  they  came  within  close  range.  After 
receiving  their  fire  some  ten  minutes,  we  arose  and  poured  into  them  a 
sharp  fire.  Their  first  line  was  crushed,  their  second  wavered,  halted, 
and  began  to  fall  back.  A  cheer  ran  along  our  lines,  and  the  first  success 
was  ours.  Colonel  Thoburn,  commanding  brigade,  rode  along  the  line, 
ordering  us  to  prepare  to   charge.     We   fixed   bayonets,  and  when  the 


264  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

order  came,  sprang  forward.  The  enemy  had  raUied,  and  received  us 
with  a  severe  fire.  After  advancing  about  fifty  yards  we  discovered  that 
the  regiment  was  without  support,  and  going  forward  alone.  The  order 
to  halt  was  sounded,  but  nothing  could  be  heard  in  the  din  of  battle ; 
it  was  only  by  Colonel  Wells  taking  the  color-bearer  by  the  shoulder,  and 
holding  him  fast,  that  the  regiment  could  be  stopped.  We  fell  back  to 
our  first  position  and  renewed  the  fight.  The  battery  on  our  right,  losing 
its  support,  had  limbered  up  and  retired.  We  were  alone  on  the  right, 
and  the  Fifty-fourth  Pennsylvania  on  the  left  of  the  pike ;  the  fire  of  a 
whole  brigade  was  concentrated  upon  our  regiment.  The  men  were  fall- 
ing rapidly,  and  it  was  useless  to  try  to  check,  with  our  small  force,  the 
heavy  column  of  the  enemy.  The  men  fell  back  fighting  stubbornly. 
All  along  the  line  they  could  be  heard  saying  to  each  other,  '  For  God's 
sake,  don't  run.  Thirty-fourth  !  don't  let  them  drive  you ! '  We  were 
ordered  by  General  Sullivan,  commanding  division,  to  fall  back  about  a 
mile,  when  a  second  line  was  formed.  The  enemy  did  not  pursue.  We 
went  into  the  fight  with  some  five  hundred  men.  Of  this  number  in  that 
half-hour's  fight,  we  had  one  ofiicer  and  twenty-seven  men  killed,  eight 
officers  and  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  men  wounded  ;  three  of  the  for- 
mer, and  many  of  the  latter,  being  left  in  the  enemy's  hands  ;  and  two 
officers  and  sixteen  men  prisoners  ;  making  a  total  loss  of  two  hundred 
and  twenty-one.  Nearly  every  man  bore  about  him  the  marks  of 
battle." 

It  should  be  said,  in  addition,  that  Colonel  Lincoln  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  shoulder,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  enemy.     He  was  taken  to  Harrisonburg. 

The  above  recital,  is  the  highest  eulogy  of  both  officers  and 
men.  But  though  the  battle  was  over,  hard  duty  was  not. 
The  regiment  marched  all  night,  reaching  Woodstock  at  day- 
light, where  a  halt  v^as  made  for  an  hour,  and  where  the  first 
food  and  sleep  for  two  days  were  obtained.  Cedar  Creek  was 
reached  on  the  sixteenth.  The  gallant  and  youthful  Captain 
William  B.  Bacon,  of  Worcester,  was  killed.  "  Distinguished 
for  his  manly  virtues,  kind  and  courteous  to  all,  his  loss  was 
deeply  felt."  On  the  eighteenth,  the  regiment  was  at  Fisher's 
Hill,  and  on  the  twenty-second  at  Strasburg,  where  General 
Hunter  took  command,  and  prepared  for  a  new  move  up  the 
valley.  Advancing,  they  were  at  Woodstock  on  the  twenty- 
sixth,  at  New  Market  three  days  later,  and  at  Harrisonburg 
on  the  second  of  June.     Still  advancing  towards  a  retreating 


FOURTH    YEAR. — THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        265 

enemy,  Piedmont  was  reached  on  the  fifth.  Our  troops,  break- 
ing camp  at  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  marched  to  meet 
the  rebels,  and  at  daylight  entered  into  the  fight.  In  the 
words  of  the  report,  written  by  Captain  Potter,  now  in  com- 
mand : 

"  After  a  good  deal  of  maneuvering  by  our  brigade  on  the  left  of  the 
line,  most  of  the  time  under  a  heavy  artillery  fire,  we  were  moved  across 
to  the  right  to  make  a  charge  with  the  First  Brigade.  The  enemy  was 
advantageously  posted  in  the  woods,  on  the  crest  of  a  hill.  The  charge 
was  made  about  2  p.m.  The  rebels,  being  behind  rail  breast-works, 
made  a  stubborn  resistance.  We  charged  up  to  within  twenty  yards  of 
their  works,  when  the  whole  line  halted,  and  for  twenty  minutes  the  roar 
of  musketry  was  terrible.  The  enemy  attempting  to  turn  our  left,  threw 
a  heavy  force  upon  our  flank.  It  was  a  critical  time.  Had  our  left  but 
given  way,  the  day  might  have  had  another  issue.  The  two  companies 
on  the  left,  I  and  B,  lost  fifty-four  men.  This  attack  being  repulsed,  we 
charged  in  turn  driving  them  in  the  greatest  confusion.  Along  the  right, 
our  fire  had  been  so  hot  it  compelled  the  rebels  to  keep  below  their  rail 
barricades.  We  caught  over  one  thousand  uninjured  men  lying  close 
behind  them." 

The  losses  of  the  regiment  in  this  action  were  fifteen  men 
killed  and  ninety  wounded,  two  of  whom,  Adjutant  J.  F. 
Woods,  and  First-Lieutenant  A.  C.  Walker,  afterwards  died. 
The  next  day  the  regiment  moved  to  Staunton,  taking  all  the 
wounded  who  were  able  to  be  moved.  On  the  seventh  of 
June,  they  marched  to  Buffalo  Gap  and  back,  destroying  rail- 
roads and  public  buildings.  They  were  transferred  to  the 
First  Brigade,  Colonel  Wells  commanding,  on  the  ninth  of 
June.  The  next  day  a  long  march  began,  via  Lexington, 
Buchanan,  Peaks  of  Otter  and  Liberty,  to  'near  Lynchburg, 
which  was  reached  on  the  seventeenth,  a  distance  of  one 
hundred  and  three  miles.  The  regiment  lay  in  line  of  battle 
all  night,  and  was  engaged  all  the  next  day  in  the  battle  of 
Lynchburg,  losing  five  men  killed,  and  one  officer  and  forty- 
one  men  wounded. 

Then  commenced  a  long  and  tedious  march  to  the  west  and 
north,  through  Western  Virginia  to  Maryland,  by  way  of 
Liberty,  Bon  sacks,  Salem,  New  London,  Newcastle,  Sweet 
Springs,  White    Sulphur  Springs,  Lewisburg,  and   over   the 


266  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

Little  and  Big  Sewell  Mountains,  to  Ganley  Bridge,  where 
rations  met  them,  on  the  twenty-eight  of  June.  "  During  the 
past  fourteen  days,  but  eight  ounces  of  flour  had  been  issued 
to  each  man.  We  had  a  small  allowance  of  sugar  and  coffee, 
and  one  barrel  of  fresh  meat  per  day."  The  troops  were 
ordered  by  General  Hunter  to  "live  on  the  country,"  but  the 
country  was  mountainous  and  very  sparsely  settled,  and  the 
little  forage  it  could  afford  was  taken  by  the  cavalry.  "  The 
men  suffered  severely  from  hunger.  Birch  trees  were  peeled 
for  the  bark,  and  deserted  mills  were  carefully  swept  to  get 
the  flour.  Parched  corn  was  a  luxury  possessed  by  only  a  few 
fortunate  ones."  The  march  was  resumed  on  the  second  of 
July,  and  Camp  Piatt  was  reached  on  the  next  day,  a  distance 
of  twenty-four  miles.  On  the  fourth,  the  troops  took  trans- 
portation for  Cherry  Run,  Maryland,  where  they  arrived  in 
four  days  ;  and  on  the  eleventh  they  marched  to  Martinsburg, 
Virginia,  sixteen  miles.  They  had  now  completed  an  immense 
circuit,  made  many  exhausting  marches,  suffered  intensely 
from  hunger,  splendidly  fought  several  hard  and  successful 
battles,  and  were  back  again  in  the  vicinity  of  their  starting- 
point. 

From  this  time  to  the  fourth  of  September,  the  regiment 
was  constantly  marching  up  and  down  the  valley,  and  across 
the  Potomac  into  Maryland  and  back  again,  with  frequent 
skirmishes,  aud  occasional  losses  of  men  by  deaths  or  wounds. 
In  this  time  they  had  marched  and  countermarched  no  less 
than  three  hundred  and  twenty-six  miles,  and  had  lost  four 
killed,  seventeen  wounded,  and  two  prisoners.  The  regiment 
lay  at  Summit  Point,  not  far  from  Berryville,  from  the  fourth 
to  the  nineteenth  of  September,  fortifying  themselves,  and 
repelling  the  rebels. 

On  the  nineteenth  was  fought  the  battle  of  Winchester,  the 
narrative  of  which  will  be  best  given  in  the  words  of  the 
official  report.  Captain  Thompson  was  now  in  command. 
The  regiment  moved  from  the  picket  line  where  it  had  been 
the  day  before,  at  three  a.m.,  and  marched  towards  the  cross- 
ing of  the  Opequan  by  the  Berryville  Road,  arriving  there  at 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        26/ 

about  ten  in  the  forenoon.     Sheridan  now  commanded  in  the 

valley. 

"  We  found  the  Sixth  and  Nineteenth  Corps  heavily  engaged,  about  a 
mile  in  our  front.     We  were  soon  ordered  forward,  and  formed  in  line 
of  battle  in  a  piece  of  woods  some  five  hundred  yards  from  the  rebel  line, 
our  corps  being  on  the  right,  halted  for  about  an  hour.     Up  to  this  time 
our  forces  had  been  severely  handled.     Our  regiment  was  ordered  to  hold 
a  point  of  a  hill  looking  towards  a  ravine  where  the  enemy  appeared  in 
force,  and  from  which  a  flank  attack  might  come.     The  whole  army  soon 
charged  our  brigade,  passing  diagonally  from  left  to   right,  across   our 
front.     The   fighting  was  now  severe  ;  the  cheers  of  our  men,  and  the 
fierce  yells  of  the  rebels,  rising  above  the  roar  of  artillery  and  crashing  of 
musketry.     We  soon  went  forward  and  after  getting  clear  of  the  woods, 
making  a  left  half  wheel,  we  charged  directly  upon  the  enemy,  who  were 
posted  behind  a  stone  fence.     We  were  now  almost  alone  ;  with   nothing 
almost  on  our  left,  and  but  a  few  stragglers  on  our  right.      The   enemy 
opened  upon  us  a  fire  from  two  batteries  ;  when  within  sixty  yards  of  this 
fence,  the  rebels  rose  and  gave  us  a  terrible  volley.     The  men  were  faUing 
rapidly,  when  we  were  ordered  to  lie  down.     The  two  batteries,  at  close 
range,  were  firing  their  shot  and  shell  into  us.     It  seemed  certain  death 
to  remain.     A  staff  officer  ordered  us  to  hold  this  position  if  it  cost  every 
man  we  had.     He  told  us  that  the  Sixth  and  Nineteenth  Corps  would 
soon  be  up  on  our  left.     But  it  was  impossible  to  stay  there,  and  nothing 
was  left  but  to  charge  and  drive  the  enemy  from  the  wall.     The  order  was 
given,  and  with  a  yell  we  went  forward.     The  enemy  fled,  leaving  In  our 
hands  one  gun.     While  gallantly  leading  his  men  in  this  charge,  the  brave 
Captain  Thompson   fell,  shot   through   the   heart.     As  a   private  in  the 
Eighth  Regiment,  he  fought  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run.     Obtaining 
a  captaincy  in  the  Thirty-fourth,  he  proved  himself  a  most  accomplished 
officer.     Ever  foremost  in  battle,  his  personal  gallantry  on  the  field  won 
for  him  the  respect  of  all.     Our  lines  were   soon   formed   for  the   final 
charge,  in  three  lines  of  battle,  crescent  shaped.     Over  an  open  field  we 
moved  forward  to   the  attack  ;  it  was   the  most   splendidly  magnificent 
sight  ever  seen  ;  no  battle  picture  could  exceed  it.     In  beautiful  order, 
with  banners  gayly  flying,  these  three  lines,  each  nearly  a  mile  in  length, 
advanced  upon  the  already  disordered  mass  of  the  enemy,  pouring  into 
them  a  rapid  and  concentric  fire.     As  they  broke,  two  divisions  of  cav- 
alry, with   flashing  sabres   and  loud  yells,  charged   among  them,  then 
wheeling,  charged  back,  driving  over  fifteen  hundred  of  the   miscreant 
horde  into  our  own  lines.     The  fight  was  over,  but  the  pursuit  was  kept 
up  all  night,  the  rebels  being  chased  to  Fisher's  Hill." 

The  regiment  went  into  this  battle  with  something  less  than 


268  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

three  hundred  men  ;  it  came  out  with  one  hundred  and  ten 
less  than  when  the  fight  began.  One  officer  and  eight  men 
were  killed  ;  six  officers  and  ninety-four  men  were  wounded, 
and  one  was  missing.  It  was  of  this  action  that  Sheridan 
wrote  as  follows  :  — 

"We  have  just  sent  the  enemy  whirhng  through  Winchester,  and  are 
after  them  to-morrow.  This  army  behaved  splendidly.  We  captured  two 
thousand  five  hundred  to  three  thousand  prisoners,  five  pieces  of  artillery, 
nine  battle-flags,  and  all  the  rebel  dead  and  wounded.  Their  wounded  in 
Winchester  amount  to  some  three  thousand." 

The  Thirty-fourth  lay  that  night  beyond  Winchester,  and 
moved  to  Cedar  Creek  the  next  day,  under  the  command  of 
Major  Potter,  where  it  was  concealed  in  the  woods  all  of  the 
day  following,  the  twenty-first,  while  things  were  shaping 
themselves  for  another  battle,  that  of  Fisher's  Hill.  The 
words  of  the  report  are  as  follows  :  — 

"  Before  daylight  on  the  twenty-second,  our  corps  was  moved  around 
to  the  right  of  our  lines.  We  passed  up  the  side  of  the  North  Mountain, 
until  we  had  got  in  the  rear  of  the  enemy's  lines,  where  with  fixed  bay- 
onets and  fierce  yells  we  charged  down  the  mountain  side,  firing  as  we 
advanced.  Had  the  heavens  themselves  opened,  and  we  been  seen  de- 
scending from  them,  the  surprise  and  consternation  of  the  rebels  could 
not  have  been  greater.  We  charged  over  their  works,  capturing  two 
guns,  a  large  amount  of  fixed  ammunition,  and  some  prisoners.  All  or- 
ganization being  lost  in  this  wild  pursuit,  every  man  fought  for  himself, 
and  in  his  own  manner.  One  man,  private  William  Carr,  Company  B, 
alone  charged  into  the  mass  of  retreating  rebels,  and  brought  out  eight 
prisoners,  whom  he  took  to  the  rear.  One  desperate  attempt,  only,  was 
made  by  the  enemy  to  check  our  advance,  but  in  the  wild  frenzy  of  battle 
we  swept  everything  before  us.  For  over  four  miles  we  charged  along 
their  works,  turning  the  enemy  out  as  the  plough  turns  the  furrow.  .  .  . 
Thus  ended  the  fight  of  Fisher's  Hill  ;  to  which  the  history  of  this  war 
furnishes  nothing  approaching  a  parallel  ;  —  less  than  five  thousand  men 
routing  an  army  of  over  twenty  thousand,  and  driving  them  from  a  posi- 
tion which  they  boasted  they  could  hold  against  one  hundred  thousand. 
Our  regiment  took  two  guns  and  seven  caissons.  Our  loss  was  nineteen 
men  wounded." 

The  regiment  encamped  near  Round  Top  that  night,  while 
the  Sixth  and  Nineteenth  Corps  kept  up  the  chase.  An 
accidental  discharge  of  a  musket,  by  a  member  of  another 


FOURTH    YEAR. — THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.  269 

regiment,  in  the  night,  mortally  wounded  Major  Harrison  W, 
Pratt,  who  died  on  the  twenty-sixth,  at  Strasburg.  Thus  was 
the  rejoicing  of  the  regiment  over  the  victory,  "  turned  in  a 
moment  into  grief."  The  kind  and  appreciative  notice  of  his 
merits  by  the  officer  in  command,  will  be  quoted  in  another 
connection. 

September  23,  our  regiment,  with  the  brigade,  was  engaged 
in  collecting  the  spoils  of  battle,  consisting  of  twenty-two 
guns,  seventeen  caissons  loaded  with  ammunition,  and  large 
quantities  of  small  arms.  They  marched,  the  next  two  days 
via  Mount  Jackson,  to  Harrisonburg,  a  distance  of  fifty  miles. 
The  regiment  formed  the  provost  guard  in  town.  No  farther 
movement  was  made  until  the  seventh  of  October,  when  the 
regiment  crossed  Cedar  Creek,  and  took  a  position  on  a  hill 
commanding  the  ford.  On  the  thirteenth,  the  enemy  unex- 
pectedly assailed  the  camp  of  our  forces  v^rith  artillery,  and 
brought  on  the  first  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  in  which  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Potter  led  the  regiment.  The  narrative  pro- 
ceeds :  — 

"  Our  brigade  and  the  Third  were  ordered  to  advance  against  them,  to 
discover  their  force.  After  some  maneuvering  for  position,  we  moved 
forward  under  the  severest  fire  of  shell,  grape  and  canister,  we  had  ever 
been  exposed  to.  Our  way  lay  across  an  open  field,  and  our  regiment, 
being  in  direct  range,  received  the  whole  fire.  The  shell  would  strike  the 
line  sweeping  down  four  or  five  men,  leaving  them  either  dead  or 
wounded.  The  regiment  would  close  up  these  gaps,  without  a  man's 
faltering.  I  never  saw  the  regiment  behave  more  splendidly.  We  took 
position  behind  a  stone  fence  where  we  were  below  the  range  of  their 
artillery,  and  a  sharp  fire  of  half  an  hour  began.  We  had  encountered 
Kershaw's  whole  division  of  Longstreet's  Corps. 

The  Third  Brigade,  which  advanced  on  the  right  of  the  pike,  had  re- 
ceived orders  to  retire  ;  similar  orders  had  been  sent  to  us,  but  never 
reached  us.  We  were  not  in  a  position  where  we  could  see  the  move- 
ments of  the  other  brigade.  The  enemy  suddenly  threw  a  heavy  force 
upon  our  flank  and  rear.  The  four  right  companies  were  swung  back  to 
check  this  movement.  The  men  executing  this  movement  under  a  severe 
fire,  were  as  cool  as  on  drill.  Colonel  Wells  went  to  the  right  to  see  how 
this  movement  of  the  army  could  have  taken  place  ;  while  returning,  and 
just  behind  our  colors,  he  was  struck  by  a  ball.  He  threw  up  his  hands, 
uttering  an  exclamation  as  of  great  pain.     I  immediately  sent  an  ofiicer  to 


2/0  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

help  him  from  his  horse.  He  would  not  be  carried  to  the  rear,  saying, 
'  Gentlemen,  it  is  of  no  use  ;  save  yourselves.'  We  could  not  maintain 
this  unequal  contest,  and  the  order  was  given  to  retire  —  and  our  brave 
colonel  was  left  to  die  in  the  enemy's  hands.  .  .  .  Thus  gallantly  fell  one 
of  the  ablest  officers  in  the  service,  at  a  time  when  the  honors  he  had  so 
long  deserved  were  about  to  be  conferred  on  him.  .  .  .  Our  loss  was  very 
severe  ;  of  less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  who  went  into  the  fight, 
we  had  killed,  one  officer  and  eight  men  ;  wounded,  two  officers,  (one  of 
whom  died,)  and  forty-six  men  ;  three  officers  and  thirty-seven  men  cap- 
tured. This  fight  took  place  in  presence  of  the  whole  army,  and  within 
range  of  our  artillery  ;  but  not  a  gun  was  fired  until  we  had  been  driven 
from  the  field.  The  enemy  did  not  pursue  as  they  were  within  range  of 
our  guns." 

The  next  three  days  were  occupied  in  building  breastworks. 
On  the  nineteenth,  about  4,  a.m.,  picket-firing  was  heard,  and 
the  regiment  was  immediately  in  line  behind  their  works. 
Thus  began  the  second  battle  of  Cedar  Creek.  "  In  about 
half  an  hour,  the  enemy,  taking  advantage  of  a  thick  fog, 
drove  in  our  pickets,  and  came  rushing  on.  We  were  in 
readiness  to  receive  them,  and  poured  into  them  a  sharp  fire." 
In  the  meantime  all  the  supports  of  the  regiment  on  the  right 
and  left  failing,  the  enemy  got  into  the  rear,  and  our  men  were 
receiving  a  fire  from  all  sides.  Says  the  report :  "  The  order 
was  given  to  fall  back  in  line,  which  we  did  just  in  time  to 
escape  capture  by  a  division  of  the  enemy,  who  had  come  up 
in  our  rear.  Our  corps  was  held  in  reserve  during  the  after- 
noon, and  was  not  actively  engaged.  Our  loss  was  one  man 
killed,  nine  wounded,  and  thirty-two  captured." 

This  closed  the  hard  fighting  of  the  campaign,  and  the 
simple  record  of  the  achievements  of  the  Thirty-fourth  regi- 
ment of  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  cannot  fail  to  fill  the 
reader  with  heartfelt  admiration.  The  city  of  Worcester,  the 
county,  the  state,  the  nation  itself  has  reason  to  be  proud  of 
such  officers  and  such  men. 

The  regiment  was  ordered  to  Newton,  October  19,  to  guard 
a  hospital,  and  remained  there  until  the  tenth  of  November, 
when  it  joined  the  main  army  at  Kernstown.  On  the  eight- 
eenth it  was  ordered,  with  the  brigade,  to  the  Opequan 
Crossing  to   guard   the   railroad   bridge.      Company  F   was 


FOURTH    YEAR.  —  THE    WILDERNESS.  —  THE    MINE.        2/1 

detailed  as  provost-guard  at  brigade  head-quarters,  its  com- 
mander, Captain  Elwell,  acting  as  A.  A.  G.  of  the  brigade. 
Lieutenant  and  Adjutant  T.  W.  Ripley  was  at  this  time 
appointed  on  the  brigade  staff  as  A.  A.  A.  General.  On  the 
eighteenth  of  December,  the  monotony  of  camp  life  was 
broken  by  orders  to  proceed  by  rail  to  Washington,  where  the 
regiment  went  on  board  the  steamer  Massachusetts,  and 
steamed  down  the  Potomac.  After  six  days  steamboat  life, 
the  regiment  disembarked  at  Aiken's  Landing,  on  the  James 
River.  Here  their  shelter  tents  were  pitched,  and  the  camp 
named  Camp  Holly.  The  division  to  which  the  regiment 
belonged  was  assigned  to  the  army  of  the  James,  as  the  Inde- 
pendent Division  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Army  Corps.  Occa- 
sional drill  and  picket  duty  occupied  the  command  while  here, 
and  the  regiment  received  many  compliments  for  its  excellent 
drill  and  condition. 

Since  April  29,  the  regiment  had  fought  in  nine  battles  and 
many  skirmishes.  It  had  marched  over  one  thousand  miles, 
in  the  warmest  season  of  the  year,  besides  its  transportation 
by  rail  and  steamer.  Every  officer  except  one  had  been 
wounded,  some  of  them  three  times.  Nearly  every  man  in 
the  regiment  had  been  hit  in  some  part  of  his  dress.  At 
Piedmont,  Sergeant  Pepper  and  Corporal  Hubbard,  —  both  on 
the  colors,  —  had  four  bullets  pass  through  the  clothes  of 
each,  and  yet  were  not  wounded.  The  colonel,  the  major, 
two  captains,  three  lieutenants  and  seventy-three  men  had 
met  a  soldier's  death  upon  the  battle-field.  The  lieutenant- 
colonel,  one  captain,  and  one  lieutenant  had  been  severely 
wounded  and  taken  prisoners  ;  and  its  list  of  wounded  and 
captured,  amounted  to  twenty-nine  officers  and  six  hundred 
and  thirteen  men.  Eight  officers  and  three  hundred  and  two 
men  were  all  that  were  left  fit  for  duty  in  the  field. 

Section  V.  —  The  Thirty-sixth  Regiment. 
We  left  this  veteran  body  of  troops,  in  the  closing  weeks  of 
1863,  amid  the  hardships  of  a  winter  campaign   in  East  Ten- 
nesee ;    cold,    rain,   nakedness,   hunger,    all    combined    with 


2/2  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

marching,  guarding,  skirmishing  and  digging  rifle-pits,  to  try 
the  power  of  endurance  of  these  heroic  men.  Their  raLions 
were  "  six  spoonsful  of  flour  for  seven  days,  and  what  c  orn 
could  be  picked  up  from  under  the  feet  of  the  mules  and 
horses  ;  clothing  all  tattered  and  torn,  and  not  enough  even  of 
this  quality." 

On  the  twenty-first  of  January,  the  regiment  retreated  to 
Knoxville,  eighteen  miles,  and  had  a  skirmish  with  rebel 
cavalry.  There  they  remained  in  camp  three  days ;  then 
marched  to  Erin's  Station,  six  miles,  and  encamped  until 
February  i6.  During  a  cold  and  severe  storm  the  regiment 
then  marched  to  near  Knoxville,  where  it  remained  until  the 
twenty-fourth  ;  then  marched  to  Strawberry  Plains,  a  distance 
of  eighteen  miles.  From  this  time  to  the  nineteenth  of 
March,  the  regiment  was  marching  and  countermarching 
almost  constantly,  some  times  in  pursuit  of  rebel  cavalry. 
At  the  date  last  mentioned,  the  regiment  marched  to  Knox- 
ville, where  it  remained  to  the  twenty-first,  and  then 
commenced  a  march  over  the  Cumberland  Mountains  to 
Nicholasville,  Kentucky,  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and 
ninety-eight  miles,  which  was  completed  on  the  first  of 
April. 

The  next  day,  our  men  took  the  cars  for  Annapolis,  which 
place  was  reached  on  the  sixth.  At  Cincinnati,  Colonel 
Goodell,  who  after  partially  recovering  from  his  wound,  had 
been  on  court-martial  duty,  joined  the  regiment.  Here  they 
remained  in  camp  until  the  twenty-third.  The  camp  was 
laid  out,  rations  were  plenty,  new  clothing  was  drawn  and 
kept  neat  and  clean,  and  the  regiment  expected,  after  the 
hardships  endured  through  the  winter,  to  be  allowed  a  rest 
of  several  weeks.  But  the  country  needed  them  in  the  field, 
and  they  never  failed  to  heed  her  call.  After  seventeen  days 
they  were  ordered  to  near  Alexandria,  where  they  arrived  in 
two  days,  a  distance  of  thirty-eight  miles.  After  resting  two 
days,  the  march  was  taken  up  to  Fairfax  Court  House,  seven- 
teen miles.  Thence  by  Bristow  to  Catlett  Station,  twenty- 
eight   miles,   where    they   relieved   a   regiment    of    regulars 


FOURTH    YEAR. — THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        273 

belonging  to  the  Fifth  Corps.  At  this  time  the  wound  of 
Colonel  Goodell  forced  him  to  give  up  the  command  of  the 
regiment.  Offered  a  place  on  General  Burnside's  staff,  he 
was  compelled  to  decline  it.  They  remained  here  from 
April  29  till  the  fourth  of  May,  and  then  marched  eighteen 
miles  to  Bealton.     Major  Draper  was  now  in  command." 

The  fifth  of  May  saw  them  across  the  Rapidan,  on  the 
borders  of  the  Wilderness.  The  next  day  they  plunged  into 
that  maze  of  horrors,  and  bore  their  part  bravely,  as  the 
losses  of  the  regiment  prove.  They  charged  the  enemy 
three  times,  and  their  loss  was  quite  heavy.  The  particulars 
of  the  fight  are  not  given  in  the  report  of  the  adjutant 
general,  but  it  appears  that  two  officers  —  Major  Draper  and 
Captain  Marshall  —  were  wounded  ;  eleven  men  were  killed, 
fifty-one  were  wounded,  and  two  were  missing.  The  regi- 
ment was  now  under  the  lead  of  Major  Barker. 

They  were  engaged  on  the  next  two  days,  but  met  with  no 
losses.  On  the  ninth  the  regiment  marched  from  the  Wilder- 
ness to  Chancellorsville,  nine  miles  ;  and  on  the  day  follow- 
ing, fifteen  miles,  to  Spottsylvania  Court  House.  The 
twelfth  was  the  day  of  the  hard-fought  battle  of  Spottsylvania 
Court  House,  in  which  the  Thirty-sixth  was  engaged  and  lost 
heavily.  Captain  Bailey  and  First  Lieutenant  Daniels  were 
killed,  Captain  Morse  was  severely  wounded  ;  twenty  men 
were  killed  ;  fifty-six  wounded,  and  one  was  missing.  The 
regiments  were  few  that  suffered  a  greater  projoortional 
loss  ;  perhaps  none  was  more  efficient  in  that  sanguinary 
conflict. 

The  regiment  remained  near  the  scene  of  the  battle  until 
the  twenty-first,  when  it  crossed  the  river  Po,  and  skirmished 
with  the  enemy,  though  without  loss.  The  next  three  days 
the  march  was  towards  the  North  Anna  River,  some  twenty- 
seven  miles.  On  the  twenty-fourth  the  river  was  crossed, 
and  there  was  a  severe  skirmish,  in  which  the  loss  was  one 
man  killed  and  three  wounded.  From  May  26  to  June  2, 
the  regiment  was  marching,  crossing  rivers,  —  the  North  An- 
na and  Pamunkey,  —  and  daily  skirmishing  with  the  enemy, 

18 


2/4  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  battle  at  Bethesda  Church  occurred  on  the  third  of 
June,  in  which  the  Thirty-sixth  maintained  its  high  reputa- 
tion for  discipline  and  bravery.  The  battle  was  hardly 
contested,  and  the  regiment  suffered  heavily  from  its  de- 
pleted ranks.  Captain  Barker  and  Lieutenant  Burrage  were 
wounded  ;  eight  men  were  killed,  and  thirty-seven  received 
wounds  more  or  less  severe. 

The  next  day  the  line  of  march  was  to  Coal  Harbor,  where 
skirmishes  took  place  from  time  to  time  until  the  twelfth, 
when  the  regiment,  with  the  whole  army,  took  another  "  flank 
movement,"  and  marched  to  the  James  River,  on  the  banks 
of  which  it  arrived  near  Harrison's  Landing,  on  the  night  of 
the  fourteenth  of  June.  After  marching  all  night  of  the 
fifteenth  and  all  day  of  the  sixteenth,  the  regiment  arrived  in 
front  of  the  enemy's  lines  before  Petersburg  in  the  evening. 

The  next  day  found  these  war-worn  veterans  in  the  fierce 
tug  of  war  again.  At  daybreak  they  charged  the  enemy's 
works,  and  completely  surprised  them,  capturing  two  cannon 
and  four  hundred  and  fifty  prisoners  —  "a  full  success  in 
every  particular." 

This  success  was  secured  by  an  ingenious  ntse.  It  was 
dark,  and  Captain  Smith  called  to  one  and  another  of  his 
lieutenants  as  if  they  were  general  officers  :  "  General  Fair- 
banks bring  up  your  division."  The  rebels  supposing  they 
were  in  the  presence  of  a  large  force,  surrendered,  much  to 
their  chagrin,  when  they  learned  the  fact.  Captain  Holmes 
was  mortally  wounded  ;  three  men  were  killed  and  fifteen 
wounded. 

Another  battle  was  fought  the  next  day,  when  the  brigade 
to  which  the  Thirty-sixth  belonged,  supported  the  First 
Division.  Captain  Buffum  was  killed ;  one  man  was  also 
killed,  and  seven  were  wounded. 

From  this  date  the  regiment  remained  in  rifle-pits  about 
two  months,  until  the  nineteenth  of  August.  The  situation 
was  of  course  confined,  and  the  service  arduous,  while  the 
danger  was  incessant.  The  number  of  men  killed  during 
this  time  was  five  ;  the  number  of  the  wounded  was  fourteen, 
one  of  them  mortally. 


FOURTH   YEAR.  —  THE    WILDERNESS. THE   MINE.        2/5 

A  change  came  on  the  nineteenth,  when  orders  were  given 
to  march  to  the  Weldon  Railroad.  One  man  was  wounded 
while  skirmishing.  The  regiment  remained  near  the  rail- 
road, in  camp,  doing  picket  duty,  until  September  27,  and 
then  marched  five  miles  to  the  near  vicinity  of  Petersburg. 
Two  days  later  it  marched  to  Poplar-Grove  Church,  where 
on  the  next  morning,  the  Fifth  and  Ninth  Corps  charged 
upon  the  rebel  works,  taking  the  first  line.  On  the  after- 
noon of  the  same  day,  the  Ninth  Corps  assailed  the  second 
line  of  the  enemy's  works,  but  was  repulsed  with  consider- 
able loss.  The  loss  of  our  regiment  was  large  considering 
its  reduced  numbers.  Captain  J.  B.  Smith  was  wounded;  two 
men  were  killed  ;  eleven  were  wounded,  and  ten  were  miss- 
ing.    Total  loss,  twenty-four. 

The  regiment  again  moved  forward  and  established  a  new 
line  near  Pegram  Farm,  on  the  first  of  October.  In  the 
operation,  six  enlisted  men  were  wounded,  and  three  missing. 
In  this  camp  our  men  remained  until  the  twenty-sixth,  when 
"  they  broke  camp,  expecting  to  move  to  the  left  —  instead 
of  which,"  says  the  report,  "  camp  was  established  a  few  rods 
from  our  late  camp,  and  brigade  drills  ordered  to  deceive  the 
enemy."  Between  October  27  and  29  a  march  was  made 
towards  Hatcher's  Run,  and  back  again  to  Pegram  Farm. 

Here  the  regiment  remained  a  month,  when  on  the  nine- 
teenth of  November,  it  marched  to  the  right,  the  Ninth 
Corps  relieving  the  Second  Corps,  —  the  Thirty-sixth  Regi- 
ment being  ordered  into  Fort  Rice,  which  it  garrisoned,  per- 
forming picket  duty  also  on  its  front  in  the  rifle-pits.  The 
year  closed  while  the  regiment  was  in  Fort  Rice. 

The  number  of  officers  killed  during  the  year,  was  four  ; 
the  number  wounded,  six.  The  number  of  enlisted  men 
killed,  was  fifty-one ;  the  number  wounded,  two  hundred  ; 
missing,  sixteen.  Total  loss,  two  hundred  and  seventy-seven. 
The  number  of  deaths  from  sickness  cannot  be  given,  be- 
cause the  severity  of  the  campaign  prevented  the  quarterly 
returns  of  deceased  soldiers. 

This  last  fact  is  eloquent  in  praise  of  the  regiment  for  its 


276  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

activity,  hardihood,  and  good  fighting  qualities.  It  had  no 
resting,  but  was  in  active  duty  from  the  opening  to  the  close 
of  the  year.  It  was  engaged  in  the  hottest  part  of  some  of 
the  severest  battles  of  the  war,  and  always  came  off  the  field 
with  honor. 

Section  VI.  —  The  Fifty-seventh  Regiment. 

The  organization  of  the  Fifty-seventh  Regiment  was 
begun,  as  already  stated  in  Chapter  XI,  in  the  autumn  of 
1863.  It  was  completed  in  the  spring  of  1864,  and  left  the 
State  in  April  for  Annapolis.  At  the  time  of  leaving,  Com- 
pany H  was  unarmed,  and  had  no  officers  except  one  second 
lieutenant.  It  was  intended  that  this  company  should  be 
armed  with  the  "  Spencer  Repeating  Rifle,"  but  owing  to 
some  difficulty  in  obtaining  the  weapon  in  question,  it  became 
necessary  upon  arriving  at  Annapolis,  to  equip  it  with  Enfield 
rifled  muskets.  And  the  obtaining  of  these  was  delayed  until 
the  twentieth  of  July. 

It  may  be  well  to  state  that  quite  a  proportion  of  this  regi- 
ment was  raised  in  Worcester  city  and  county.  Thirty-four 
of  its  commissioned  officers,  during  the  first  year  of  its  ser- 
vice, belonged  to  the  county,  twenty-two  of  whom  hailed  from 
this  city. 

The  regiment,  as  we  have  seen,  arrived  at  the  capital  of 
Maryland  on  the  twentieth  of  April.  It  had  scarcely  estab- 
lished its  camp,  when  it  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Washing- 
ton, with  the  entire  Ninth  Army  Corps  to  which  it  had  been 
assigned.  The  regiment  was  headed  for  the  Wilderness, 
whither  General  Grant  was  sending  a  mighty  host  to  encoun- 
ter and  conquer  Lee  and  his  rebel  hordes.  The  national 
capital  was  reached  on  the  twenty-fifth,  and  in  passing 
through  the  city,  the  President  and  General  Burnside  re- 
viewed the  corps.  Passing  near  Alexandria,  by  Fairfax 
Court  House,  and  Centreville,  and  crossing  Bull-Run  Creek 
at  Blackburn's  Ford,  and  so  on  by  Manassas  Jnnction,  Bris- 
tow  Station,  Warrenton  Junction  and  Bealton  Station,  it 
reached  the  Rappahannock  on  the  third  of  May.     The  next 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS.  THE    MINE.        2// 

day  it  moved  towards  the  Rapidan  via  Brandy  Station,  cross- 
ing the  river  at  Germania  Ford,  on  the  fifth  of  May. 

The  next  day  the  regiment  went  into  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness  with  "  twenty-four  officers  and  five  hundred  and 
twenty-one  enlisted  men,  becoming  engaged  at  about  ten 
o'clock,  A.M.  and  continuing  in  action  nearly  an  hour."  Com_- 
pany  H  did  not  participate  in  the  action,  being  engaged  in 
guarding  a  wagon-train.  This  was  indeed  a  "  baptism  of 
blood,"  and  if  the  men  were  not  "  veterans "  when  they  en- 
listed, they  soon  became  worthy  of  that  honorable  appellation. 
During  the  action,  the  Fifty-seventh  lost  in  killed,  wounded 
and  missing,  officers  and  men,  two  hundred  and  fifty-one. 
Colonel  Bartlett,  who  already  bore  the  marks  of  a  wound  in 
his  person,  received  a  scalp-wound  which  required  his  removal 
from  the  field,  when  Lieutenant-Colonel  Chandler  assumed 
the  command. 

On  the  twelfth  of  May  "  an  advance  of  our  forces  brought 
on  the  action  of  Spottsylvania,  during  which  the  regiment 
sustained  a  loss  of  seventy-two,  killed  and  wounded,  inclusive 
of  officers.  The  field  was  held  and  earthworks  thrown  up. 
Much  loss  was  occasioned  at  this  point  by  the  enemy's 
sharpshooters." 

Six  days  later,  the  regiment  was  again  under  fire,  and  suf- 
fered severely.     Says  the  report : 

"  The  Fifty-seventh  and  Fifty-ninth  Massachusetts,  supported  by  the 
Fourth  and  Tenth  Regular  Infantry,  being  ordered  to  reconnoiter  the 
position  of  the  enemy,  found  them  strongly  posted,  with  heavily  con- 
structed earthworks,  defended  by  an  abatis  of  fallen  timber,  up  to  which 
the  regiment  moved,  (within  thirty  yards  of  the  works,)  there  remaining 
exposed  to  a  withering  fire  of  musketry  and  artillery  until  orders  were 
received  to  withdraw,  which  was  done  in  excellent  order.  The  action  was 
brief,  but  of  the  few  there  constituting  the  Fifty-seventh,  seventeen  were 
left  on  the  field," 

On  the  nineteenth  marching  was  resumed  in  the  direction 
of  Oxford  Ford,  on  the  North  Anna,  which  point  was  reached 
by  moving  night  and  day,  on  the  twenty-fourth.  Though  the 
march  had  been  exhausting,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  cross 


2/8  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  river  at  noon,  and  advance  for  the  purpose  of  learning  the 
position  and  strength  of  the  enemy.  The  movement  did  not 
succeed.  After  advancing  a  half  mile  beyond  the  main  line, 
without  support  either  right  or  left,  the  brigade  was  attacked 
by  the  enemy  on  both  flanks.  A  concealed  battery  in  front, 
at  the  same  time,  opened  a  heavy  fire.  The  regiment,  as  a 
part  of  the  brigade,  retired  in  some  disorder,  leaving  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Chandler  and  thirty-six  enlisted  men  in  the  hands 
of  the  enemy. 

The  regiment  under  command  of  Captain  Julius  M.  Tucker, 
recrossed  the  river  on  the  twenty-sixth,  and  after  a  "  continu- 
ous and  fatiguing  "  march,  crossed  the  Pamunkey  on  the  route 
towards  Coal  Harbor,  a  point  near  which  was  reached  on  the 
first  of  June.  Though  several  times  under  fire,  our  regiment 
was  not  in  the  thick  of  the  fight  at  Bethesda  Church.  The 
loss  was  one  officer  and  eight  enlisted  men. 

The  movement  was  next  made  across  the  Chickahominy, 
and  on  the  night  of  the  fifteenth,  across  the  James  River. 
The  march  was  "  excessively  fatiguing,  the  troops  moving 
night  and  day,  halting  hardly  sufficient  to  take  refreshments." 

On  the  fifteenth  Captain  Tucker  became  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel. The  next  day  the  suburbs  of  Petersburg  were  in  sight, 
and  there  was  some  heavy  fighting,  though  the  Fifty-seventh 
was  not  severely  involved.  On  the  seventeenth  the  regiment 
occupied  a  line  of  the  enemy's,  taken  the  previous  day  by  the 
Second  Division  of  the  Ninth  Corps.  In  the  afternoon  the 
Third  Division  of  the  Ninth  Army  Corps  attacked  a  portion 
of  the  enemy's  works,  but  was  quickly  repulsed.  At  sunset, 
the  First  Division,  with  which  the  Fifty-seventh  was  con- 
nected, was  ordered  to  storm  the  same  works.  They  ad- 
vanced in  good  order,  though  met  with  a  heavy  fire  from 
cannon  and  rifles.  The  works  were  carried  at  the  point  of 
the  bayonet,  but  with  heavy  losses,  amounting  to  five  officers 
and  forty-one  enlisted  men.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Tucker  was 
in  the  number  of  the  wounded.  From  this  date  to  the 
thirtieth,  the  regiment,  under  command  of  Captain,  (now 
major)  Albert  Prescott,  did  duty  in  the  trenches  before  Peters- 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        279 

burg,    during   which    time    the   losses  were    six   officers   and 
twenty-three  enlisted  men. 

The  thirtieth  of  July,  the  "  crater,"  or  "  mine,"  or  "  hell  "  of 
Petersburg,  and  some  devoted  regiments  of  Massachusetts, 
have  met  the  reader  before.  The  Fifty-seventh  bears  the 
terrible  memory  of  that  black  day.  The  regiment  having  been 
relieved  from  the  trenches  by  colored  troops  of  the  Eight- 
eenth Corps,  took  part  in  the  action  of  the  crater.  The  mine 
was  sprung,  and  the  regiment  charged,  immediately,  passing 
through  the  ruins  of  the  fortification  into  a  covered  way  con- 
nected with  the  fort,  and  parallel  with  the  front  line  of  the 
enemy's  works.  The  narrative  goes  on  in  the  words  of  the 
report :  — 

"  Arriving  at  this  point,  and  receiving  a  severe  front  and  right  and  left 
enfilading  fire  of  musketry  and  artillery,  and  being  much  disordered  by 
the  uneven  nature  of  the  ground,  the  line  halted,  and  erected  a  slight  work 
on  the  side  of  the  way  facing  the  enemy. 

Being  ordered  to  maintain  this  position,  the  troops  remained  firm,  and 
successfully  resisted  every  attempt  of  the  enemy  to  dislodge  them,  until 
the  charge  and  repulse  of  the  Fourth  Division,  (colored)  Ninth  Army 
Corps.  This  division  fell  back  in  the  greatest  confusion,  the  troops  seek- 
ing shelter  in  the  covered  vi^ay,  already  densely  filled  by  regiments  of  the 
First  and  Second  Divisions  of  the  Ninth  Army  Corps.  The  repulse  of 
the  Fourth  Division  was  immediately  followed  by  a  charge  from  the 
enemj',  who  advanced  his  line  to  the  brink  of  the  covered  way,  delivering 
a  heavy  fire,  which  added  to  the  confusion  of  the  troops,  then  so  crowded 
as  to  be  unable  to  make  use  of  their  fire-arms.  At  this  period  of  the 
action,  the  national  standard  of  the  Fifty-seventh  was  captured,  its  guard, 
and  the  greater  portion  of  the  left  wing  of  the  regiment  going  with  it. 
All  attempt  to  rally  the  troops  proved  fruitless  ;  the  men  falling  back 
as  rapidly  as  the  crowded  condition  of  the  passage  would  permit." 

So  ended  the  part  of  the  Fifty-seventh  regiment  in  this 
promising,  but  mismanaged  and  fatal  affair.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  action  the  regiment  numbered  seven  officers  and  ninety- 
one  enlisted  men.  Major  Prescott  and  Captains  Dresser  and 
Howe  were  killed  ;  Lieutenants  Barton  and  Anderson  were 
wounded,  and  Lieutenant  Reed  was  missing.  The  casualties 
among  the  enlisted  men  were  forty-five.  First-Lieutenant 
Albert  Doty  was  left  in  the  command  of  the  regiment,  which 
consisted  of  forty-six  men. 


280  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  next  day  the  remnant  of  the  regiment  resumed  duty  in 
the  trenches,  where  it  remained  until  August  i8,  losing  in  the 
meantime  five  men  either  killed  or  wounded.  At  the  latter 
date,  under  the  lead  of  Lieutenant  Doty,  the  regiment  took 
part  in  the  operations  against  the  Weldon  Railroad.  He  was 
followed  into  the  action  by  forty-five  men,  and  after  an  hour  of 
hot  fighting,  left  the  field  with  fifteen  less.  The  regiment  was 
reduced  to  thirty  men  and  one  officer. 

The  next  service  was  constructing  a  strong  line  of  works 
near  Blick's  Station,  where  the  regiment  remained,  doing 
picket  duty,  until  September  29.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Tucker 
had  sufficiently  recovered  from  his  wounds  to  rejoin  the  regi- 
ment. He  retained  the  command,  Colonel  McLaughlin 
having  been  mustered  into  the  regular  service,  and  received 
the  command  of  the  brigade. 

The  regiment  now  numbering  about  sixty  men,  moved  on 
the  twenty-ninth,  with  its  division,  and  took  part,  next  day,  in 
the  action  of  Poplar  Grove  Church,  with  a  loss  of  eight  men. 
At  this  point  earthworks  were  constructed,  crossing  the 
battle-field.  The  Fifty-seventh  occupied  a  position  near  the 
Pegram  House. 

A  reconnoissance  in  force  was  made  by  the  division  on  the 
eighth  of  October,  in  which  the  Fifty-seventh  bore  a  part, 
under  Major  Doherty.  In  advancing,  the  left  flank  was 
exposed,  and  the  enemy  threw  a  strong  force  against  the 
uncovered  flank.  This  made  a  change  of  front  necessary,  and 
despite  the  rapid  and  destructive  fire  of  the  advancing  rebels, 
the  movement  was  made  in  an  orderly  manner. 

'•  A  new  position  was  taken  up  some  two  hundred  yards  in  rear  of  the 
old  one,  one  wing  of  the  regiment  occupying  a  farm-house  and  its  out- 
buildings, and  the  other  resting  in  the  edge  of  the  timber.  This  position 
was  maintained  until  night,  when  orders  were  received  to  return  to  camp. 
Casualties,  fourteen  enlisted  men." 

On  the  twenty-sixth,  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  the 
movement  to  get  control  of  the  South-side  Railroad,  being 
employed  as  skirmishers,  with  the  loss  of  one  man.  Two 
days  after,  they  returned  to  camp,  near  Pegram  House,  where 


FOURTH    YEAR. — THE   WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        28 1 

they  remained  until  the  last  day  of  November.  General 
Meade  followed  up  his  design  of  cutting  off  Lee's  connection 
with  the  South  by  the  Weldon  and  the  South-side  Railways, 
and  on  the  ninth  of  December,  the  Fifty-seventh  was  assigned 
to  a  provisional  brigade,  which  marched  on  the  eleventh  in  the 
movement  against  the  Weldon  Road.  The  command  reached 
Hawkinsville, — about  twenty  miles,  —  on  the  twelfth,  at  four 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  having  been  exposed  during  the  whole 
march,  to  a  severe  storm  of  snow,  sleet  and  rain.  At  two 
o'clock,  P.M.,  the  same  day,  the  return  march  was  made. 
Many  men  suffered  much  from  freezing,  —  from  marching 
eighteen  miles  without  a  single  halt,  at  one  stretch.  On  the 
thirteenth  of  December,  the  regiment,  sadly  depleted,  but  with 
indomitable  pluck  and  untarnished  honor,  was  joined  again  to 
its  brigade  in  the  trenches  before  Petersburg,  where  it  re- 
mained to  the  close  of  the  year. 

Section  VII, —  Miscellaneous. 

The  military  history  of  the  year  would  be  incomplete  with- 
out a  notice  of  the  fortunes  of  those  remnants  of  the  Fifteenth, 
the  Twenty-first  and  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiments,  which 
remained  in  the  service  after  the  original  members  who  did 
not  re-enlist,  were  mustered  out. 

The  Fifteenth  Regiment,  that  is,  those  who  re-enlisted 
with  the  new  recruits,  numbered  about  two  hundred.  These 
were  formed  into  three  companies  and  transferred  to  the 
Twentieth  Regiment,  which,  after  its  term  of  service  had 
expired,  was  formed  into  seven  companies,  by  special  per- 
mission of  General  Hooker.  The  whole  ten  companies 
prolonged  the  name  and  history  of  the  Twentieth  Regiment. 
The  notice  of  its  exploits  for  the  remainder  of  the  year  must 
be  brief 

On  the  afternoon  of  July  26,  1864,  the  regiment  broke 
camp,  marched  to  the  James,  and  crossed  to  Deep  Bottom, 
where  it  stayed  until  the  thirtieth.  The  losses  were  one 
officer,  (Lieutenant  Sedgwick,)  and  thirty-two  enlisted  men, 
captured  by  the  enemy  on  the  picket-line.     On  the  twelfth  of 


282  WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 

August,  the  Twentieth  was  in  the  second  affair  at  Deep 
Bottom.  In  this  action  the  regiment  charged,  but  without 
much  success,  and  lost,  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  about 
thirty-three  men.  Captain  Dudley  was  slightly  wounded. 
On  the  sixteenth.  Major  Patten  was  wounded  and  lost  a  leg 
on  the  picket  line,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  shortly  after 
died.  Various,  but  not  specially  important  services  were 
constantly  rendered,  until  the  twenty-third,  when  the  regiment 
marched  about  ten  miles  to  Ream's  Station,  on  the  Wei  don 
Railroad.  A  severe  fight  occurred  here,  in  which  "  the  regi- 
ment, being  surrounded,  all,  with  the  exception  of  about  ten 
men,  were  either  killed  or  taken  prisoners."  Probably  not 
many  Worcester  men  were  left  in  the  regiment. 

However,  additions  were  made,  and  on  the  eleventh  of 
September,  Captain  Magnitzky  arrived  and  assumed  com- 
mand, the  regiment  being  about  seventy  strong,  and  consoli- 
dated into  one  company.  In  about  a  week,  some  twenty- 
five  convalescents  came  in  from  various  hospitals,  and  the 
whole  were  organized  into  three  companies.  From  this  date 
to  the  close  of  the  year,  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  arduous 
service.  They  occupied  many  batteries  in  succession,  made 
several  marches,  were  in  two  or  three  combats,  and  lost  in  all, 
six  men  killed,  twenty-four  wounded,  and  seven  missing.  At 
the  close  of  the  year  the  regiment  was  settled  down  in  front 
of  Fort  Emory,  in  log  houses  of  their  own  building. 

The  Twenty-first  Regiment  after  the  term  of  service 
had  expired,  became  the  Twenty-first  Battalion,  and  on  the 
nineteenth  of  August  was  severely  engaged  with  the  enemy 
near  theWeldon  Railroad,  as  already  stated.  On  the  thirtieth 
of  September,  the  battalion  was  in  the  action  at  Poplar 
Spring  Church,  where  Captain  Sampson  was  killed.  He  had 
always  served  with  honor  as  a  brave  and  faithful  officer. 
Soon  after  the  battalion  was  incorporated  into  the  Thirty-sixth 
regiment,  and  took  part  in  its  heroic  service,  but  has  no 
farther  separate  history. 

The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  after  the  mustering  out  of 
its   original  and  un-enlisted  members,  was  consolidated  into 


FOURTH    YEAR. THE    WILDERNESS. THE    MINE.        283 

four  companies,  under  the  command  of  Captain  James 
Tucker,  (afterwards  lieutenant-colonel,)  and  in  the  autumn  of 
1864,  had  headquarters  in  camp  near  Fort  Spinola,  detach- 
ments doing  guard  and  picket  duty  at  Brice's  Ferry,  and  on 
the  line  of  railway  to  Morehead  City.  From  the  ninth  to  the 
thirteenth  of  December,  the  regiment  participated  in  a  demon- 
stration on  Kinston.  At  this  date  there  were  upon  the  rolls 
of  this  independent  regiment  of  four  companies,  ten  officers 
and  three  hundred  and  sixty-seven  men.  Recruits  had  joined. 
About  this  time.  Colonel  Pickett,  though  suffering  from  the 
wound  received  at  Coal  Harbor,  visited  the  regiment,  hoping 
to  take  command.  But  being  unable  to  bear  the  fatigue  of 
active  service,  and  not  relishing  an  inactive  life  in  the  field,  he 
returned  home  and  was  honorably  discharged  on  the  tenth  of 
January,  1865.  In  this  connection  may  be  fitly  given  the  con- 
cluding words  of  a  general  order  by  Major  General  Peck, 
dated  at  the  head-quarters,  army  and  district  of  North  Caro- 
lina, December  i,  1863,  though  relating  to  an  earlier  period  in 
the  service,  "  Colonel  Josiah  Pickett  having  been  relieved  in 
the  command  of  the  sub-district  of  the  Pamlico,  the  com- 
manding general  desires  to  make  this  expression  of  his 
acknowledgments  to  Colonel  Pickett,  for  the  vigilance,  energy, 
and  judgment  with  which  the  affairs  of  his  command  have 
been  administered." 

Worcester  Men  in  other  Regiments. 
For  obvious  reasons  it  would  be  out  of  place*  to  include  in 
this  work,  the  history  of  every  regiment  raised  in  the  state,  in 
which  one  or  more  men  from  Worcester  might  happen  to  be 
members.  Generally  it  will  be  enough  to  mention  the 
numerical  designation  of  such  regiments,  and  the  number  of 
men  belonging  to  this  city  who  were  members.  The  number 
as  correctly  as  can  be  ascertained,  from  public  documents,  was 
as  follows.  The  long-term  regiments  are  arranged  first  in 
order ;  then  follow  those  whose  term  was  one  year ;  one 
hundred  days,  nine  months,  six  months,  and  three  months  ; 
these  are  followed  by  the  cavalry  and  artillery  regiments. 


284  WORCESTE]^    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  first  regiment  had  two  men  fi-om  Worcester ;  the 
second,  eight ;  the  ninth,  eight ;  the  tenth,  two  ;  the  eleventh, 
thirteen  ;  the  twelfth,  thirty-four ;  the  thirteenth,  eleven  ;  the 
sixteenth,  two  ;  the  seventeenth,  twenty-three  ;  the  eighteenth 
seven  ;  the  nineteenth,  eighteen  ;  the  twentieth,  thirty-three  ; 
the  twenty-second,  eleven  ;  the  twenty-third,  six  ;  the  twenty- 
fourth,  nineteen  ;  the  twenty-sixth,  two  ;  the  twenty-seventh, 
two  ;  the  twenty-ninth,  thirteen  ;  the  thirtieth,  six  ;  the  thirty- 
first,  eight ;  the  thirty-second,  fifteen  ;  the  thirty-seventh, 
two  ;  the  thirty-eighth,  one  ;  the  fifty-fourth,  seven  ;  the  fifty- 
fifth,  four  ;  the  fifty-sixth,  twenty-one  ;  the  fifty-eighth,  one  ; 
the  fifty-ninth,  one. 

The  sixty-first,  one  year,  had  fifty-seven  ;  the  sixty-second, 
one  year,  thirty-five. 

There  were  two  in  the  Second  Sharpshooters. 

The  forty-second  regiment,  one  hundred  days,  had  seventy- 
two  ;  the  fifty-third,  nine  months,  one  ;  the  sixtieth,  sixteen  ; 
the  ninth  unattached  company,  one  year,  seven;  company  B 
seventh  infantry,  six  months,  one. 

The  first  cavalry,  fourteen  ;  second  do.,  fifty-six ;  third, 
three  ;  fourth,  twenty-four  ;  fifth,  twenty-five. 

The  first  regiment  heavy  artillery,  three  years,  six  ;  third, 
do.,  six ;  fourth,  one  year,  one ;  twenty-ninth  unattached 
company,  one  year,  two  ;  first  battalion,  heavy  artillery,  three 
years  ;  sixty-five. 

The  fifth  battery  light  artillery,  one  ;  seventh,  nine ;  ninth, 
one  ;  tenth,  four  ;  twelfth,  one  ;  thirteenth,  one  ;  fifteenth,  four. 

The  names  of  these  men,  thus  scattered  through  almost  all 
the  regiments  that  went  from  the  state,  will  be  found  in  the 
roll  of  Massachusetts  soldiers,  at  the  end  of  this  volume  ;  their 
military  history  must  be  found  in  other  works.  But  a  brief 
record  of  the  services  of  the 

Twenty-eighth  Regiment 
must  be  inserted  here  because  more  than  thirty  men,  including 
several  ofBcers,  were  the  representatives  of  Worcester  in  its 
ranks.     They  were  in   as   many  as  five  different  companies. 


FOURTH  YEAR. THE  WILDERNESS, THE  MINE.   285 

Peter  E.  Hubon  was  surgeon  of  the  regiment  ;  James 
O'Keefe  was  a  captain,  and  Nicholas  J.  Barrett  was  second 
lieutenant.     The  latter  was  killed  at  Sharpsburg. 

The  regiment  was  composed  chiefly  of  men  of  Irish  birth, 
under  the  command  of  Colonel  William  Monteith,  and  left  the 
state  January  ii,  1862.  It  was  employed  in  the  service,  in 
South  Carolina  during  several  months,  and  was  engaged  at  Fort 
Johnson,  James  Island,  S.  C,  where  they  lost  fourteen  killed, 
fifty-two  wounded,  and  four  prisoners;  and  later  in  1862,  at 
the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  eighteen  were  killed, 
one  hundred  and  nine  wounded,  and  eight  missing.  At  the 
battle  of  Chantilly,  fifteen  were  killed,  seventy-nine  wounded, 
and  five  were  missing.  At  Antietam  the  regiment  did  good 
service  and  lost  twelve  men  killed,  and  thirty-six  wounded,  out 
of  less  than  two  hundred  men  taken  into  the  action.  At 
Fredericksburg,  on  the  thirteenth  of  December,  on  St.  Mary's 
Heights,  the  losses  of  the  Twenty-eighth  were  in  killed, 
wounded  and  missing,  one  hundred  and  ten,  besides  three 
deaths  subsequently,  caused  by  hardship  and  exposure  in  the 
engagement.  Few  regiments  made  a  more  enviable  record 
in  the  year  1862. 

In  1863,  the  services  of  the  regiment  were  not  less  arduous 
or  creditable.  Besides  long  marches  and  severe  picket  and 
guard  duties,  the  Twenty-eighth  was  in  the  battle  of  Chan- 
cellorsville,  where  ten  men  were  killed  or  wounded  ;  and  in 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  on  the  second  and  third  of  July,  when 
the  losses  of  the  regiment  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing 
amounted  to  one  hundred  and  one  men.  The  remainder  of 
the  year  was  consumed  in  those  hard  marches  and  vigilant 
watchings,  and  tedious  picket-duties,  which  the  army  of  the 
Potomac  endured  so  heroically  under  General  Meade,  while 
pursuing  or  repulsing  General  Lee. 

In  1864  the  regiment  fought  almost  continually  from  the 
Wilderness  to  Coal  Harbor,  and  from  Coal  Harbor  to  Peters- 
burg, and  left  its  dead  on  many  fields.  At  Coal  Harbor  the 
Twenty-eighth  "  made  a  charge  on  the  enemy's  works,  and 
were  exposed  to  a  tremenduous  fire  of  musketry  and  artillery 


286  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

and  suffered  severely.  Ten  were  killed,  including  Colonel 
Richard  Byrnes,  and  forty-six  were  wounded.  Fighting,  and 
other  duties  more  exhausting  than  battles,  filled  up  the  year, 
till  the  thirteenth  of  December,  when  the  term  of  the  regi- 
ment expired.  The  losses  during  this  year — 1864  —  were 
killed  in  action,  6S  ;  wounded,  266;  missing,  71  ;  total,  405. 
The  total  losses  from  the  begininng  were  1,116. 

The  members  whose  term  of  service  had  not  expired,  were 
consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  five  companies,  and  designated 
the  Twenty-eighth  Battalion  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  under 
Major  James  Fleming.  Dr.  Hubon  remained  with  high  re- 
putation as  a  faithful  and  skillful  surgeon.  The  battalion 
served  faithfully  till  the  close  of  the  war. 


CLOSING  CAMPAIGN.  287 


CHAPTER   XIII. 

THE  WAR  AT  HOME  AND  IN  THE  FIELD,  FROM  JANUARY, 
EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTY-FIVE,  TO  THE  CLOSE  OF 
THE  WAR.  — FINAL  RETURN  OF  THE  TROOPS. 

The  year  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four  had  witnessed 
almost  uninterrupted  successes  wherever  our  land  or  sea 
forces  had  met  the  enemy.  Farragut  bore  complete  sway  in 
the  waters  of  the  gulf.  Winslow,  in  the  Kearsarge,  had  sent 
the  boasted  Alabama  to  the  bottom  of  the  British  Channel. 
Sherman  was  sweeping  all  before  him  in  his  famous  "  March 
to  the  Sea."  Thomas  had  annihilated  the  army  of  Hood  at 
Nashville.  Grant  was  lying  near  Petersburg,  after  one  of  the 
most  arduous  and  honorable  campaigns  in  history,  gathering 
up  his  strength  to  deliver  the  final  blow,  which  would  soon 
overwhelm  the  rebel  confederacy. 

The  hopes  of  the  people  were  high,  and  they  were  ready  to 
make  all  needed  sacrifices  in  support  of  the  government.  In 
Worcester  there  was,  with  all  the  mourning  for  the  dead, 
great  satisfaction  because  events  had  taken  such  a  turn  that 
slavery  was  surely  to  be  abolished  throughout  all  the  states. 

The  new  administration  of  the  city  government  was  inau- 
gurated on  the  second  day  of  January,  and  the  Mayor,  Hon. 
Phinehas  Ball  delivered  his  inaugural  address.  In  this  docu- 
ment, he  stated  that  Worcester  had  furnished  over  two  thou- 
sand one  hundred  men  since  the  beginning  of  the  war.  The 
war  expenses  of  the  year  had  been  $47,000  for  bounties  ; 
$51,000  for  state  aid  to  families,  and  $5,000  for  contingent 
expenses.  The  war  debt  amounted  to  about  $159,000.  The 
address  contained  the  following  remarks  in  relation  to  the  war, 
the  heroism  of  the  soldiery,  and  the  prospect  of  peace. 


288  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

"  There  comes  to  us  now  a  gleam  of  hope,  brighter  than  ever  before, 
that  at  no  distant  day,  the  war  will  be  settled  in  the  interests  of  freedom, 
humanity  and  right.  To  carry  forward  this  great  contest,  the  city  has 
freely  and  promjjtly  furnished  her  full  share  of  men  and  means.  In  the 
trying  campaign  of  the  last  year,  our  men  have  borne  their  share  of  the 
trial,  hardship,  and  exposure.  They  have  yielded  every  comfort  of  life, 
and  even  life  itself,  freely  with  others  of  their  fellow-soldiers,  that  the 
nation  may  have  more  life,  and  may  live  in  peace.  The  names  of  our 
honored  and  lamented  Greene,  Parker,  O'Neil,  Gird,  McConville,  Bow- 
man, Cheney,  Coe,  are  only  the  partial  record  of  our  loss  for  our  nation's 
welfare.  All  honor  to  their  noble  daring  and  heroic  deeds,  peace  to  their 
ashes,  and  reverence  to  their  memories.  Sacred  be  the  mementoes  with 
which  we  enshrine  and  hallow  the  last  resting-place  of  these  our  honored 
dead. 

When  we  turn  from  the  more  conspicuous  names,  we  find  that  the  cas- 
ualties in  the  ranks  afford  ample  testimony  of  the  constancy,  heroism,  and 
courage  of  our  citizen  soldiery.  To  these  also  should  we  bestow  our 
meed  of  praise,  and  contribute  to  them  our  gratitude  and  respect  for  what 
they  have  dared,  done  and  achieved  in  our  behalf  And  those  at  home, 
the  near  and  dear  whom  the  patriot  soldier  has  left  in  our  midst,  are  not 
by  us  forgotten.  We  have  but  to  mention  that  our  city  is  now  dispensing 
aid  to  six  hundred  and  thirty-two  families,  and  disbursing  for  that  purpose 
about  $6,000  per  month." 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Freedom  Club  was  held  this  day, 
at  which  the  following  officers  were  chosen.  President,  John 
McCombe  ;  Vice-President,  Alexander  C.  Darling  ;  Secretary, 
Henry  T.  Cheever  ;  Assistant  Secretary,  A.  P.  Brown  ; 
Treasurer,  John  F.  Light ;  Assistant  Treasurer,  O.  P. 
Richardson ;  Business  Committee,  David  Manning,  Charles 
H.  Bullard,  O.  F.  Harris. 

This  association  not  only  marked  the  progress  of  public 
opinion  in  reference  to  impartial  freedom,  but  had  considerable 
influence  in  giving  a  right  direction  to  popular  sentiment. 
While  others  might  not  see  the  real  animus  of  the  struggle 
between  the  loyal  and  disloyal  sections  of  the  country,  the 
members  of  the  Freedom  Club  never  forgot  that  the  contest 
was  a  life-and-death  struggle  between  freedom  and  slavery. 

On  the  fourth  day  of  January,  the  deficiency  in  the  quota 
of  Worcester,  was  reported  to  be  thirty-eight ;  but  on  the 
next  day,  it  was  reported  that  the  city  had  a  surplus  of  thirty- 
one  one  years'  men. 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  289 

January  19,  was  the  day  of  Mr.  Everett's  funeral  in  Boston. 
The  patriotic  course  of  Mr.  Everett,  in  sustaining  the  govern- 
ment against  the  rebelHon,  and  his  extraordinary  efforts  and 
influence  in  behalf  of  authority  and  freedom  as  against  treason 
and  slavery,  secured  for  him,  among  the  people  of  Worcester, 
the  most  profound  regard  and  admiration.  His  decease  was 
felt  as  a  great  public  loss.  The  general  sentiment  was  ex- 
pressed by  the  action  of  the  city  government.  At  a  special 
meeting  of  the  mayor  and  aldermen,  the  following  resolutions, 
moved  by  Alderman  Bliss,  were  passed  unanimously. 

"  Resolved,  That  the  removal  by  death  of  that  able  statesman  and  pure 
patriot,  Edward  Everett,  in  this  time  of  our  nation's  trial,  when  it  most 
needs  the  services  of  its  best  and  wisest  men  is  a  deeply  afflictive  dispen- 
sation of  divine  providence. 

Resolved,  That  while  we  regard  with  admiration  the  profound  and 
varied  scholarship,  the  graceful  and  brilliant  oratory,  and  the  enlightened 
political  wisdom,  that  were  an  ornament  and  an  honor  to  our  country  in 
times  of  peace,  we  would  dwell  with  peculiar  and  grateful  respect,  upon 
the  entire  and  unselfish  devotion  with  which,  in  these  later  days  of  national 
peril,  he  has  consecrated  all  his  gifts  and  powers  to  the  cause  of  freedom 
and  the  preservation  of  the  Union." 

His  Honor,  the  Mayor,  and  a  delegation  from  the  Board  of 
Aldermen,  attended  the  funeral  of  Mr.  Everett. 

The  fourteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  proposed  by  Congress,  had  now  been  ratified 
by  the  requisite  number  of  states,  and  the  proclamation  of  the 
President  had  certified  the  fact  that  it  was  a  part  of  the  fun- 
damental law  of  the  land.  By  it  the  Emancipation  Proclama- 
tion of  President  Lincoln,  in  the  beginning  of  1863,  had  been 
made  effectual,  and  it  abolished  slavery  on  every  foot  of  soil 
under  the  authority  of  the  nation.  The  news  of  the  adoption 
of  this  amendment  was  hailed  with  peculiar  joy  by  the  people 
of  Worcester.  In  honor  of  this  event,  cannon  were  fired,  and 
the  bells  of  the  city  were  rung  on  the  second  of  February.  It 
seemed  that  the  great  conflict  was  bearing  fruit  to  the  honor 
of  God  and  the  good  of  man's  estate. 

On  this  day  the  quota  of  the  city  was  one  hundred  and 
twenty-four. 

19 


290  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  twenty-second  of  February,  the  anniversary  of  the 
birth  of  Washington,  was  observed  by  a  formal  inauguration 
of  Dale  Hospital.  A  splendid  flag  was  presented  by  the 
ladies,  and  was  raised  on  a  graceful  flag-staff  in  front  of  the 
main  building.  Three  young  ladies,  viz. :  Misses  Amelia  T. 
Gray,  Emma  Shepard,  and  Emma  L.  Da)-ton,  made  the  pres- 
entation in  an  appropriate  letter.  Addresses  were  made  by 
the  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  Governor  Andrew,  and  Warren 
Webster,  Surgeon  U.  S.  A.  A  collation  closed  the  exercises 
of  the  occasion. 

The  quota  of  Worcester  was  now  filled,  and  there  was  a 
surplus  of  fifteen  men. 

The  fourth  of  March  was  observed  here,  while  the  services 
inaugurating  Mr.  Lincoln  as  the  President  of  the  United 
States  were  taking  place  in  Washington.  There  was  an 
immense  meeting  in  Mechanics  Hall,  though  a  storm  was 
raging,  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  Mayor  Ball  presided, 
and  made  an  appropriate  address.  "  Hail  Columbia "  was 
sung  by  members  of  different  choirs.  Prayer  was  offered  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Hill.  Then  followed  a  speech  by  Rev.  Mr.  Richard- 
son. The  "Star  Spangled  Banner"  was  given  with  much 
spirit.  Addresses  were  next  delivered  by  Hon.  P.  Emory 
Aldrich,  Hon.  Henry  Chapin,  and  Rev.  T.  E.  St.  John.  The 
audience  then  joined  in  singing  "  America."  Three  cheers 
were  most  heartily  given  for  President  Lincoln,  and  three 
more  for  the  soldiers. 

Nothing  of  importance  relating  to  the  war  occurred  in 
Worcester,  after  this  time,  until  the  news  came,  in  the  early 
part  of  April,  of  the  fall  of  Richmond,  followed  in  a  few  days 
by  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  his  beaten  army.  Before  giving 
the  closing  scenes  of  the  war,  it  seems  to  be  in  place  here,  to 
complete  the  history  of  the  several  regiments  that  still  repre- 
sented our  city  in  the  field,  and  were  sharing  in  the  triumphs 
of  victory. 

The  FiB'TEENTH  Regiment  closed  its  record  as  a  distinct 
organization,  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  July,  in  the  preceding 
year.     Its   members  who   had   not  completed   their  term  of 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN,  29 1 

service,  were  transferred  to  the  Twentieth  Regiment.  The 
regiment  took  part  in  the  following  named  engagements  :  — 
Ball's  Bluff,  Battles  on  the  Peninsula,  Antietam,  Fredericks- 
burg, Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Bristow's  Station,  Robert- 
son's Tavern,  The  Wilderness,  and  in  all  the  battles  from  the 
Rapidan  to  Petersburg,  in  which  the  Second  Army  Corps  was 
engaged. 

The  Twentieth  Regiment  was  left  at  the  close  of  1864,  in 
front  of  Petersburg.  The  fact  that  three  companies  in  this 
body  were  composed  of  members  from  the  Fifteenth,  renders 
it  quite  proper  to  indicate  a  few  prominent  points  in  its 
remaining  history. 

On  the  fifth  of  February  the  regiment  took  part  in  the 
second  movement  across  Hatcher's  Run,  where  Meade  was 
maneuvering  to  outflank  the  enemy.  The  duty  was  arduous, 
but  the  losses  were  not  large.  One  was  killed,  six  were 
wounded,  and  five  taken  prisoners.  Orders  were  received  on 
the  twenty-eighth  of  March,  to  be  ready  to  march  at  a  mo- 
ment's notice,  and  at  seven  a.m.  the  next  day,  the  regiment 
started  on  the  final  campaign.  From  this  date,  though  often 
in  the  front,  the  regiment  suffered  no  casualties.  It  entered 
the  enemy's  works,  on  the  second  of  April,  when  many 
pieces  of  artillery  were  captured.  Pursuit  was  continued,  the 
regiment  marching  to  within  three  miles  of  Petersburg. 
During  the  next  three  or  four  days  a  running  fight  was  kept 
up,  the  enemy  being  in  haste  to  turn  our  left  fiank,  and 
escape  southwards.  On  the  seventh,  the  Appomattox  was 
crossed  at  the  Danville  Railroad  Bridge,  when  many  prisoners 
and  nineteen  pieces  of  artillery  were  taken.  The  pursuit  was 
followed  up  the  next  day,  when  Lee,  finding  that  he  could 
not  get  around  our  left,  and  march  off  to  form  a  junction 
with  Johnston  in  North  Carolina,  surrendered  on  the  ninth. 
The  fighting  was  over,  and  the  time  for  rejoicing  had  come. 
On  the  sixth  of  May,  the  regiment,  in  common  with  other 
forces,  was  reviewed  in  Richmond,  by  Generals  Meade  and 
Halleck ;  and  on  the  twenty-third,  it  passed  in  review 
through   Washington,  before   President  Lincoln.     The   regi- 


29^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

ment  reached  Readville  on  the  twentieth  of  July,  having 
seventeen  officers  and  three  hundred  and  eighteen  enhsted 
men,  —  its  ranks  having  been  greatly  increase.-!  by  the  trans- 
fer of  men  from  the  Thirty-seventh.  Finally  on  the  twenty- 
eighth  day  of  July,  1865,  the  regiment  was  paid,  and  mustered 
out  of  service,  after  having  fought  in  twenty-seven  battles, 
besides  many  skirmishes  and  combats. 

The  remains  of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment  were  merged 
in  the  Thirty-sixth.  The  regiment,  as  appears  from  its  his- 
tory, had  taken  part  in  the  following  engagements :  —  Roan- 
oke Island,  Newbern,  Camden,  Second  Bull  Run,  Chantilly, 
South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Blue  Spring, 
Campbell  Station,  Siege  of  Knoxville,  Wilderness,  Spottsylva- 
nia,  North  Anna,  Coal  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad, 
Poplar-Spring  Church,  Hatcher's  Run. 

The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  as  originally  constituted, 
completed  its  term  of  service  on  the  twentieth  of  October, 
1864.  It  had  been  an  active  participant  in  the  following 
battles :  —  Roanoke,  (where,  in  connection  with  the  Tenth 
Connecticut,  it  received  special  thanks  from  the  commander 
of  the  expedition,)  Newbern,  Kinston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro', 
Port  Walthall,  Arrowfield  Church,  Drury's  Bluff,  Coal  Harbor. 
Other  battles  before  Richmond,  and  Wier's  Forks. 

The  remainder  of  the  regiment,  composed  of  re-enlisted 
men,  and  recruits,  whose  term  of  service  had  not  expired, 
were  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  four  companies,  as 
already  stated.  During  the  last  month  of  1864,  and  the  first 
two  months  of  1865,  the  battahon  was  engaged  in  picket 
duty  near  Newbern.  On  the  tenth  of  March  the  rebels 
assailed  our  lines  ;  the  battalion  held  an  exposed  position, 
and  in  gallantly  repulsing  the  enemy,  had  one  officer,  (Cap- 
tain A.  P.  Forbes)  and  four  men  wounded.  On  the  twenty- 
second  of  March,  the  battalion  marched  for  Goldsboro'  ; 
reached  that  place  the  next  day ;  and  with  its  brigade,  formed 
a  junction  with  the  triumphant  army  of  General  Sherman. 
There  was  some  marching  after  this  date,  but  the  conflict 
in    that   section   was  substantially   finished.      The    battalion 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  293 

was  in  the  vicinity  of  Charlotte,  North  Carolina,  from  the 
twelfth  of  May  to  the  thirteenth  of  July,  when  orders  came 
from  the  War  Department  to  proceed  to  Massachusetts. 
Readville  was  reached  on  the  twenty-first,  and  a  week  later, 
the  battalion  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  of  the  United 
States, 

In  the  words  of  the  adjutant  general's  report  :  —  "  Thus 
closed  the  record  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  Massachu- 
setts Volunteers,  a  regiment  that  has  always  and  everywhere, 
—  [here  several  great  battles  are  specified]  and  in  many 
minor  engagements  and  exhausting  marches  —  sustained  the 
high  character  with  which  it  left  the  state,  and  has  vindicated 
the  honor  of  Massachusetts.  Its  colors  have  never  been 
yielded  to  the  enemy." 

The  Thirty-fourth  Regiment  at  the  opening  of  the  year 
1865,  belonged  to  the  Independent  Division  of  the  Twenty- 
fourth  Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  James.  It  was  stationed  at 
Camp  Holly,  not  far  from  Aiken's  Landing,  north  side  of 
James  River,  and  its  tents  were  pitched  on  the  extreme  right 
of  the  line.  Fatigue  and  picket  duty  occasionally  occupied 
the  regiment,  and  its  excellent  drill  and  condition,  here  as 
elsewhere,  received  much  commendation. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  March,  the  regiment  assisted  in  cov- 
ering the  cavalry  of  General  Sheridan,  while  crossing  the 
Chickaliominy.  It  crossed  to  the  south  side  of  the  James  on 
the  twenty-seventh,  at  five,  p.m.,  and  continued  marching  all 
night.  The  next  day,  early  in  the  morning,  it  reached 
Hatcher's  Run,  having  marched  thirty  miles  from  Deep 
Bottom,  since  the  evening  of  the  preceding  day.  On  the 
thirtieth,  it  crossed  the  Run,  and  worked  all  night  at  in- 
trenching. On  the  next  day  the  rebel  skirmishers  retired, 
and  our  troops  advanced,  though  slowly.  Breastworks  were 
thrown  up  within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  rebel  forts,  the 
men  working  nearly  through  the  night.  In  this  affair,  four- 
teen men  were  wounded,  and  one  was  killed.  In  addition. 
Lieutenant  Judd,  serving  on  the  staff  of  the  major-general 
commanding,  was  severely  wounded. 


294  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  April  i,  a  sharp  attack  of  the 
enemy  on  our  lines,  was  handsomely  repulsed.  What  oc- 
curred the  next  day  will  be  given  in  the  spirited  language  of 
the  official  report. 

"  We  moved  about  six  miles  along  the  lines  towards  Petersburg.  Here 
a  temporary  halt  was  ordered.  But  '  attention  '  was  soon  called,  our 
ranks  were  dressed,  and  through  the  din  of  the  opening  battle,  we  marched 
to  our  work.  Our  brigade  —  the  Third  —  and  one  brigade  of  the  First 
Division,  were  ordered  to  assault  '  Battery  Gregg,"  an  advanced  rebel  fort 
which  commanded  their  line  directly  in  front  of  Petersburg.  At  the  order, 
the  line  advanced  steadily  under  a  terrific  fire  of  musketry  and  artillery. 
When  within  about  a  hundred  yards  of  the  fort,  an  order  was  given  for  the 
men  to  lie  down  ;  and,  crawhng  upon  their  hands  and  knees,  through  the 
storm  of  grape  and  cannister  hurled  against  our  ranks,  the  advance  con- 
tinued. At  a  signal,  our  men  regained  their  feet,  and  with  a  rush,  the  ob- 
structions were  passed,  and  the  ditch  gained.  The  water  was  waist-deep, 
and  for  a  moment  we  were  apparently  foiled.  The  stars  and  stripes  were 
planted  almost  by  the  side  of  the  '  rebel  rag.'  The  fort  was  held  with  all 
the  energy  of  desparing  men,  and  the  rebel  shouts  of  '  never  surrender ! 
never  surrender  ! '  were  distinctly  heard  above  the  roar  of  conflict.  For 
twenty-seven  7nhtutes  our  men  hung  upon  the  works.  To  advance  seemed 
impossible  ;  retreat  was  equally  so.  One  more  rush,  and  with  a  deafening 
chees'  the  parapet  was  gained,  and  after  a  short  hand-to-hand  struggle,  the 
fort  and  its  garrison  were  captured.  Not  a  man  escaped.  Captain 
Goodrich,  with  a  few  men,  turned  the  captured  guns  upon  the  nearest  fort, 
and  returned  them  their  own  shells.  Our  loss  was  slight  when  the  length 
of  time  and  severity  of  the  engagement  are  considered,  being  four  killed, 
and  thirty-six  wounded.  Arms  were  now  stacked,  entrenchments  thrown 
up,  and  we  held  what  we  had  gained." 

The  next  four  days  the  regiment  marched  sixty-two  miles 
in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  who  was  struggling  to  escape  from 
the  grip  of  General  Grant.  On  the  sixth,  the  regiment,  with 
other  troops,  struck  the  retreating  column  of  rebels,  and  en- 
gaged in  a  sharp  skirmish,  with  a  loss  of  three  men  wounded. 
The  pursuit  was  kept  up  on  the  seventh,  ten  miles  to  Farms- 
ville.  On  the  eighth,  while  Grant  and  Lee  were  exchanging 
notes  in  reference  to  the  surrender  of  the  rebel  forces,  our 
regiment  marched  thirty-seven  miles  to  near  Appomattox 
Court  House.  This  march  frustrated  the  last  attempt  of  Lee 
to  escape.     On  the  morning  of  the  ninth,  a  rebel  force  under 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  295 

General  Gordon,  commenced  an  attack  on  our  cavalry,  sup- 
posing the  infantry  force  was  far  off;  but  rapid  marching  had 
enabled  them  to  reach  the  point  of  attack,  and  the  rebels  were 
surprised  and  disheartened.  "  Advancing  in  time,  we  checked 
their  course  and,  pressing  them  sharply,  compelled  them  to 
fall  back  upon  their  main  line.  At  nine,  a.m.,  received  orders 
to  '  cease  firing,'  and  in  the  afternoon,  the  joyful  intelligence 
that  '  Lee  had  surrendered.'  " 

From  this  time  until  the  twenty-fourth,  the  regiment  was 
engaged  in  marching,  doing  guard  duty,  destroying  rebel 
stores  at  Lynchburg,  and  countermarching  to  Richmond* 
which  city  it  entered  on  the  twenty-fifth,  under  escort  of 
General  Devens'  division  of  the  Twenty- fourth  Corps,  Pass- 
ing through  the  late  rebel  capital,  it  went  into  camp  on  the 
north  side  of  the  desolated  and  humbled  city. 

During  the  campaign  thus  brought  to  a  close,  the  regiment 
sustained  its  high  reputation  for  all  soldierly  qualities,  and  was 
often  commended  by  the  general  commanding. 

Colonel  Lincoln  is  careful  to  give  due  credit  to  the  officers 
under  his  command.  Being  absent  from  the  regiment  for 
some  months,  on  account  of  v/ounds  and  capture,  his  position 
was  filled  by  the  next  in  rank.  In  reference  to  this  fact  he 
writes  as  follows:  —  "I  should  be  doing  injustice  to  a  most 
brave  and  meritorious  officer,  if  I  omitted  to  state  that  through 
this  trying  campaign,  it  was  under  the  immediate  command  of 
Captain  Frank  T.  Leach  ;  and  well  and  most  gallantly  he  led 
it.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Potter  had  ably  commanded  the  brig- 
ade since  the  twenty-eight  of  January  preceding,  in  the 
absence  of  his  superior  officers,  who  had  been  disabled  by 
wounds  from  active  service  in  the  field." 

On  the  sixteenth  of  June,  such  original  members  of  the 
regiment  as  were  present  with  the  command,  were  formally 
mustered  out  of  service  at  Richmond.  Those  of  the  men 
whose  term  of  service  did  not  expire  until  after  the  first  of 
October,  were  transferred  to  the  Twenty-fourth  Regiment, 
then  provost-guard  of  the  city  of  Richmond,  Captain  George 
B.  Macomber,  and  Lieutenant  Jerre  Horton  having  been  as- 
signed to  their  command. 


296  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

Camp  was  broken  by  the  returning  soldiers  at  the  early 
dawn  of  the  seventeenth  of  June.  Baltimore  was  reached,  by 
steamer,  on  the  next  day  at  noon.  At  Philadelphia,  the  next 
morning,  the  Volunteer's  Refreshment  Saloon,  which  will  long 
be  I'emembered  by  tens  of  thousands  of  soldiers,  with  pleasure 
and  gratitude,  greeted  the  regiment  with  a  "bountiful  and 
truly  welcome  breakfast."  At  New  York,  the  same  evening, 
the  military  agent  of  that  state  generously  distributed  a  "  pro- 
fusion of  strawberries,"  by  which  the  men  were  much  re- 
freshed.    Says  ^le  Report :  — 

"  Colonel  Howe,  our  own  faithful  and  able  state  agent  was  temporarily 
absent  upon  our  reaching  New  York  ;  but  on  his  return  was  indefatigable 
in  ministering  to  our  wants.  Under  his  escort,  in  the  fading  beauty  of 
the  next  day's  sun,  through  streets  gaily  decorated  with  flags,  and 
thronged  with  welcoming  citizens,  where  the  loud  artillery  mingled  its 
roar  with  the  deafening  cheers  of  the  multitude,  the  Thirty-fourth  Massa- 
chusetts greeted  with  an  ovation  gratifying  beyond  measure,  commenced 
its  last  stage  on  its  homeward  route." 

The  regiment  reached  Readville  on  the  twenty-first,  and  on 
the  sixth  of  July,  the  men  received  their  pay,  and  were  dis- 
charged. 

Some  of  the  statistics  of  the  regiment  are  as  follows  : 
Seven  officers  were  killed  or  died  of  wounds  ;  one  hundred 
and  seven  enlisted  men  were  killed  on  the  field.  Three 
officers  were  wounded  and  prisoners.  The  wounded  and 
prisoners  of  the  men  were  eighty-five.  Captured  and  missing  ; 
officers,  six ;  enlisted  men,  one  hundred  and  five.  Wounded 
and  in  our  own  hands,  —  officers,  twenty-one;  enlisted  men, 
four  hundred  and  twenty-two.  One  hundred  and  seventeen 
men  were  discharged  for  disability. 

The  following  brief  paragraphs  bring  the  history  of  this 
heroic  regiment  to  a  fitting  close.     Says  Colonel  Lincoln  :  — 

"  I  cannot  close  this  narrative  without  making  formal  and  ofHcial  ac- 
knowledgment of  the  faithful  services  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the  com- 
mand. To  the  medical  staff,  particularly  to  Surgeon  R.  R.  Clarke,  for 
his  skill,  fidelity,  and  untiring  devotion  throughout  our  whole  service,  the 
regiment  is  indebted  for  much  of  its  efficiency. 

At  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  when  in  the  early  dawn  of  the  morning, 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  297 

under  cover  of  a  dense  fog,  the  rebel  array  had  passed  undiscovered 
around  our  left,  and  came  thundering  down  on  our  flank  and  rear,  the  Thir- 
ty-fourth, alone,  of  all  the  Army  of  West  Virginia,  preserved  its  formation 
entire.  In  the  language  of  a  brother  officer,  from  a  sister  state,  but  of  a 
different  arm,  '  it  was  always  first  to  advance,  and  last  to  retreat,  maintain- 
ing its  organization  unbroken  under  all  circumstances.'  The  service  of 
the  Thirty-fourth  has  now  passed  into  history. 

As  the  last  act  remaining  to  be  done,  I  return  herewith  to  the  hands  of 
the  executive,  the  white  flag  of  the  state  which  was  entrusted  to  our  keep- 
ing. I  return  it  with  the  proud  satisfaction  that  no  act  of  ours  has  stained 
its  purity.  It  is  endeared  to  us  by  the  memory  of  our  common  trials  and 
privations,  of  our  mutual  services  and  dangers  ;  and  is  made  sacred  to  our 
hearts  by  the  blood  of  the  gallant  men  who  have  breathed  out  their  spirits 
beneath  its  folds." 

The  Thirty-sixth  Regiment,  which,  it  will  be  recollected, 
had  absorbed  the  remnant  of  the  Twenty-first,  remained  at 
Fort  Rice,  near  Petersburg,  during  the  winter,  and  until 
April,  doing  picket  duty,  and  watching  the  movements  of  the 
enemy.  Colonel  Thaddeus  L.  Barker  was  in  command.  Like 
most  of  the  other  Worcester  troops,  this  regiment  was  "  in  at 
the  death  "  of  the  rebellion.  By  singular  good  fortune,  they 
had  the  honor  to  aid  in  giving  the  coup  de  grace  to  the  rebel 
confederacy. 

In  the  attack  upon  the  enemy's  works  on  the  second  of 
April,  one  hundred  of  the  regiment  were  on  the  skirmish  line, 
and  five  were  in  the  pioneer  corps,  cutting  away  obstructions 
in  front  of  the  assailing  column.  The  remainder  were  held  in 
reserve.  One  man  was  killed,  and  four  were  wounded.  The 
enemy,  starting  on  the  run  for  Danville,  or  Lynchburg,  on  the 
third,  our  troops  were  early  in  motion  to  intercept  them,  and 
prevent  their  escape  to  the  south,  where  they  had  planned  to 
unite  with  Johnston's  army.  Passing  through  Petersburg,  our 
forces  followed  the  army  of  Lee  twenty  miles.  The  next  two 
days  the  pursuit  was  continued,  our  line  extending  from 
Petersburg  westward,  so  that  Lee  could  not  break  through  ; 
with  its  head  so  rapidly  advanced  that  Lee's  forces  could  not 
flank  it.  The  work  of  the  next  two  or  three  days  is  well 
described  in  the  Report.  The  regiment  left  camp  at  Black 
and  Whites  Station,  thirty-five  miles  from  Petersburg,  about 


298  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

noon  on  the  sixth,  and  marched  ten  miles  to  Nottoway  Court 
House. 

"  Here  the  regiment  was  detailed  to  guard  a  supply  train  to  Army 
Head-quarters,  which  were  supposed  to  be  at  or  near  Jutter's  Station,  fif- 
teen miles  to  our  right  on  the  Weldon  and  Richmond  Railroad.  We 
marched  all  night,  and  reached  Jutter's  Station  about  eight  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  the  seventh,  to  find  that  Army  Head-quarters  had  moved  during 
the  night  to  High  Bridge,  and  were  some  fifteen  miles  in  advance  of  us. 
After  allowing  a  short  time  for  the  men  to  make  coffee  and  the  teams  to  be 
fed,  we  moved  on,  following  near  the  Weldon  Railroad  towards  Burkesville- 
Arriving  within  about  five  miles  of  the  latter  place,  we  again  turned  our 
course  to  the  northwest,  and  proceeded  across  the  country  to  Rice's  Sta- 
tion on  the  South  Side  Railroad.  This  place  we  reached  at  eight  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  the  eighth.  The  regiment  had  now  been  marching  for 
two  days  and  nights,  without  sleep,  having  halted  for  refreshments  but 
twice  since  leaving  Black  and  Whites  Station,  and  then  only  long  enough 
to  make  coffee." 

Such  marching  was  more  harrassing  than  a  battle,  and 
though  not  so  immediately  fatal  to  life,  was  often  the  cause 
of  life-long  weakness,  or  premature  death.  Ten  miles  more 
of  marching  took  the  regiment  to  Farmsville,  where,  on  the 
ninth,  it  relieved  the  provost-guard.  Lee  had  now  surren- 
dered, and  the  regiment  was  put  in  charge  of  prisoners* 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Barker  having  been  appointed  provost- 
marshal.  This  closes  the  history  of  a  regiment  which  endured 
much  hard  service,  and  won  many  honors.  On  the  list  of  the 
battles  in  which  it  was  engaged  are  these  names  :  —  Freder- 
icksburg, Vicksburg,  Jackson,  Blue  Springs,  Campbell  Sta- 
tion, Siege  of  Knoxville,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North 
Anna,  Coal  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Poplar  Spring  Church,  and 
Hatcher's  Run.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out,  at  Alex- 
andria, Virginia,  on  the  eighth  of  June,  and  was  ordered  to 
Readville,  to  receive  pay  and  final  discharge.  On  the  twen- 
ty-first of  June,  the  regiment  was  assembled  at  Readville, 
paid  off,  and  finally  dismissed.  But  the  members  are  bound 
together  by  the  chain  of  memory  whose  links  will  ever  be 
bright. 

While  at  Readville,  before  being  mustered  out,  the  regi- 
ment was  invited  to  come  up  to  Worcester,  and  have  a  fitting 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN,  299 

reception.  This  took  place  on  the  thirteenth  of  June.  The 
regiment,  Colonel  T.  L.  Barker,  commanding,  arrived  after 
noon,  and  were  escorted  to  Mechanics  Hall,  by  the  State 
Guard,  Captain  Fitch,  and  by  Captain  Chamberlain's  Com- 
pany of  State  Militia,  with  Goddard  and  Riedl's  band.  The 
City  Government  joined  in  the  escort.  Flags  were  flying  in 
all  directions.  Tables  were  bountifully  spread  in  the  hall, 
where  Mayor  Ball  welcomed  the  soldiers  in  a  brief  speech. 
The  Divine  blessing  was  invoked  by  the  chaplain  of  the  State 
Guard,  Rev.  M.  Richardson.  After  dinner,  Lieutenant-Col- 
nel  Smith,  in  behalf  of  the  regiment,  returned  thanks  for  the 
kind  and  appreciative  reception.  The  pleasant  services  being 
over,  the  regiment  returned  to  Readville,  bearing  grateful 
remembrances  of  the  occasion. 

The  Fifty-seventh  Regiment  left  the  state  in  April, 
1864,  and  fought  its  way  from  the  Wilderness  to  Hatcher's 
Run,  bearing  a  part  in  nearly  every  battle  which  occurred  be- 
tween those  two  points.  From  the  first  of  January,  1865, 
till  the  twenty-fifth  of  March,  the  regiment  was  in  the  lines 
before  Petersburg,  with  the  exception  of  a  reconnoissance 
towards  Weldon  in  February.  During  this  expedition  the 
weather  was  intensely  cold,  and  much  sufi^ering  was  endured. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  March  the  Fifty-seventh  was  en- 
gaged in  the  memorable  repulse  of  Gordon's  Corps,  which 
hastened  the  closing  scenes  of  the  war.  At  half-past  three 
in  the  morning  the  enemy  in  strong  force  carried  the  works 
held  by  the  Fourteenth  New  York  Artillery,  and  flanked  the 
line  of  our  regiment,  who  fell  back  from  their  works,  "  skir- 
mishing as  they  went,  and  earning  for  themselves  a  proud 
record."  Reaching  a  position  which  was  tenable,  they  held 
fast  until  supported  by  some  troops  of  the  Pennsylvania  Di- 
vision, when  the  regiment  "led  the  advance  in  the  charge, 
and  again  entered  their  camp  and  works  in  triumph,  Ser- 
geant-Major  Pinkhara  capturing,  by  singular  poetic  justice, 
the  flag  of  the  Fifty-seventh  North  Carolina.  Colonel 
Tucker  being  called  to  the  duty  of  division  officer  of  the  day, 
the  regiment  was   led  by  Major   Doherty,  who   fell  fighting 


300  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

bravely.  From  this  date  to  the  surrender  of  Lee,  the  regi- 
ment was  constantly  marching,  guarding  or  fighting.  The 
war  being  over,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Washington,  on 
special  duty,  as  part  of  the  Ninth  Army  Corps,  in  the  latter 
part  of  April.  It  was  placed  on  duty  near  Tenallytown, 
Maryland,  where  it  remained  until  August,  doing  provost 
duty.  The  regiment  was  finally  discharged  at  Readville  on 
the  ninth  of  August.  The  report  closed  with  these  words  of 
personal  eulogy :  — 

"  The  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  will  long  lament  Major  James 
Doherty,  mortally  wounded,  March  5,  while  gallantly  encouraging  the 
regiment  in  their  unequal  contest.  He  was  a  thorough  soldier,  a  man  of 
vast  experience  in  many  lands  and  many  occupations,  a  kind-hearted, 
rough-spoken,  brave  old  soldier,  whose  memories  were  a  source  of  pleas- 
ure to  his  friends,  and  of  profit  to  the  service,  which  learned  his  value  only 
in  time  to  mourn  his  loss  and  know  how  great  it  was." 

The  Second  Regiment  of  Heavy  Artillery  was  made 
up  in  part,  from  Worcester  city  or  county.  As  has  been 
stated  in  another  place.  Colonel  Sprague  became  connected 
with  it  as  lieutenant-colonel,  in  February,  1864.  There  were 
six  other  officers  in  the  regiment  from  this  city,  viz. :  First- 
Lieutenants  Stephen  E.  Greene,  Benjamin  D.  Dwinnell, 
Henry  W.  Reed,  and  Robert  B.  Sinclair,  and  Second  Lieuten- 
ants, George  M.  Rice,  Jr.,  and  Myron  S.  Sandford.  The  num- 
ber of  privates  was  ninety-four,  in  a  total  of  three  thousand  and 
forty-five.  A  brief  recital  of  facts  is  all  that  will  be  required 
in  reference  to  this  regiment. 

Four  companies,  —  A,  B,  C,  and  D,  —  left  Boston  for  Nevv- 
bern.  North  Corolina,  in  steamer  Guide,  on  the  fourth  of 
September,  1863.  Companies  E  and  F  left  Readville  on  the 
sixth  of  November,  proceeded  by  Providence  for  New  York, 
and  t\-\y:d  to:)k  s'liin^r  for  Nevvbern.  The  other  six  com- 
panies left  Camp  Meigs,  January  8,  1864,  under  orders  to 
report  to  Major-General  Butler,  at  Fortress  Monroe.  Each 
detachment  reached  its  place  of  destination  safely.  The  regi- 
ment was  much  separated  during  all  its  period  of  service. 
Indeed  the  whole  body  was  never  united  in  one  place. 


CLOSING   CAMPAIGN.  30I 

In  March,  1864,  the  head-quarters  of  the  regiment  were  at 
Norfolk,  Virginia,  where  companies  I,  K,  L,  and  M,  were 
stationed,  companies  A  and  D  were  at  Fort  Macon,  North 
Carolina ;  Co.  B  at  Newport  Barracks,  North  Carolina  ;  Co. 
C  at  Morehead  City  ;  Cos.  E  and  F  at  Fort  Totten,  North 
Carolina ;  Cos.  G  and  H  at  Plymouth,  North  Carolina.  At 
that  time  there  were  twelve  hundred  and  eight  men  present 
for  duty,  and  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  men  on  the  sick 
list.  Four  had  died  of  disease.  In  April,  companies  G  and 
H,  commanded  respectively  by  Captains  Ira  B.  Sampson  and 
Joseph  R.  Fiske,  including  about  twenty-five  men  from  Wor- 
cester, were  captured  by  the  rebels  in  an  engagement  at 
Plymouth,  North  Carolina.  They  numbered  about  two  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five,  officers  and  men.  In  the  early  part  of 
1865,  the  "  remnant  of  them  rejoined  the  regiment  —  thirty- 
five  in  number  !  —  a  commentary  on  the  tender  mercies  of  the 
Andersonville  prison-keepers  and  their  superiors."  There 
were  frequent  transfers  of  companies  from  place  to  place,  so 
that  the  history  of  the  regiment  could  not  be  given  except  by 
giving  the  history  of  each  company.  This  will  not  be  at- 
tempted. It  is  enough  to  say  that  each  detachment  was 
engaged  in  important  duty,  and  exposed  to  the  usual  hard- 
ships of  the  camp  and  field  in  a  southern  climate. 

Three  hundred  and  seventy-five  recruits  joined  the  regi- 
ment in  August,  making  the  aggregate,  exclusive  of  those 
captured  in  April,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight  enlisted  men.  The  aggregate  in  September  was  more 
than  nineteen  hundred,  when  the  surplus  men  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  Seventeenth  Infantry.  The  whole  number  ever 
connected  with  the  Second  Artillery  was  three  thousand  and 
forty-five. 

At  the  opening  of  the  year  1865,  companies  B,  C,  F,  G,  I 
and  M,  were  stationed  at  Newbern,  the  head-quarters  of  the 
regiment,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sprague, 
and  our  attention  will  be  confined  to  their  fortunes. 

A  letter  from  Colonel  Sprague  gives  the  details  of  a  move- 
ment in  the  first  half  of  March.     At  this  time,  with  companies 


302  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

B,  C,  F,  I  and  M,  he  marched  from  Newbern,  on  the  third,  and 
bivouacked  for  the  night  near  Bachelor's  Creek.  This  day 
and  the  next  were  "  excessively  stormy,  and  the  roads  were 
very  bad  so  that  the  marching  was  excessively  difficult,  and 
the  progress  of  the  command  much  delayed  by  wagon  trains 
in  front  of  it."  The  next  three  days  were  occupied  in 
cautious  marching  and  vigilant  picket  duty.  On  the  eighth, 
Colonel  Sprague,  taking  with  him  Major  Amory,  and  com- 
panies F  and  M,  went  up  the  Neuse  Road,  where  they  met 
the  enemy,  and  "  had  quite  a  severe  skirmish,  losing  three 
men  killed  and  having  one  wounded."  The  rebels  having 
attacked  Colonel  Claussen's  front.  Colonel  Sprague  was 
ordered  to  proceed,  with  his  whole  command,  to  the  left  of 
Colonel  Broughton's  brigade,  for  the  purpose  of  filling  a  gap 
between  the  brigades  of  Broughton  and  Claussen.  The  report 
proceeds  : 

"  Filing  into  a  field  on  the  left  of  the  British  Road  and  of  Colonel 
Broughton's  command,  the  regiment  lay  in  line,  under  fire  of  the 
enemy,  supporting  a  section  of  Von  Heusen's  Battery,  (until  the 
section  retired  disabled,  three  horses  being  killed,)  until  dark,  when 
I  advanced  my  lines  until  my  connection  was  perfect  between  Colo- 
nel Broughton's  brigade  on  my  right,  and  Colonel  Claussen's  upon  my 
left,  and  threw  up  breastworks.  A  line  of  skirmishers  was  then  thrown 
out  to  the  edge  of  the  woods,  in  front  of  the  regiment  to  connect  with 
those  of  the  brigades  upon  my  right  and  left.  The  night  was  stormy,  and 
there  was  almost  constant  skirmishing.  The  next  day  all  was  quiet  along 
the  lines,  with  occasional  firing  from  the  skirmishers  on  both  sides,  and 
the  weather  was  quite  stormy.  During  the  night  the  picket  firing  was 
very  heavy  indeed,  and  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  skirmish  line  reported 
to  me  that  quite  a  force  of  the  enemy,  apparently  a  regiment,  came  down 
as  far  as  the  enemy's  skirmish  line,  as  if  to  make  an  assault  upon  the 
works,  but  retired.  During  the  tenth,  there  was  very  heavy  skirmishing 
along  the  whole  line  of  works." 

The  next  morning  the  enemy's  skirmishers  had  disappeared, 
and  it  was  found  that  they  had  abandoned  their  works  in  the 
woods,  in  front  of  our  line. 

The  Second  Artillery  was  occupied  in  important  service 
during  the  remaining  few  weeks  before  the  end  of  the  war, 
but  was  not  engaged  in  battle. 


CLOSING   CAMPAIGN,  3O3 

After  the  cessation  of  hostilities,  Colonel  Sprague  was 
detailed  as  Judge  Advocate  of  the  general  court  martial, 
which  was  convened  at  Newbern,  April  27,  for  the  purpose  of 
disposing  of  a  large  number  of  cases  which  had  accumulated 
during  the  preceding  months.  The  court  was  in  session  till 
the  first  of  June. 

The  regiment  was  assembled  in  June,  at  Newbern,  and  sent 
to  occupy  forts  at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River.  In  Sep- 
tember they  returned,  and  on  the  twentieth,  were  mustered 
out  of  service  at  Galloupe's  Island. 

The  Fourth  Regimemt  of  Heavy  Artillery  was  re- 
cruited for  one  years'  service,  and  was  composed  of  twelve 
unattached  companies,  which  were  mustered  into  the  service 
during  the  month  of  August,  1864,  and  consolidated  into  a 
regiment  on  the  twelfth  of  the  following  November.  It  con- 
tained about  two  hundred  and  thirteen  men  from  Worcester, 
most  of  whom  belonged  to  companies  D,  E,  and  F.  Captain 
J.  Orlando  Bemis,  First  Lieutenant  Charles  N.  Hair,  and 
Second  Lieutenants  Augustus  Stone  and  Charles  H.  Hey- 
wood,  were  among  the  officers. 

This  regiment  has  no  recorded  history.  The  adjutant- 
general's  report  which  covers  the  year  1864,  says  that  the 
places  of  its  location  could  not  be  stated  "  without  giving 
information  which  might  be  of  use  to  the  enemy."  The 
promise  was  made  however  that  the  next  report  should  "  con- 
tain a  narrative  of  its  entire  term  of  honorable  service."  In 
the  report  for  1865,  the  promise  is  not  fulfilled,  and  we  only 
read  that  the  regiment  was  on  duty  in  the  defences  of  Wash- 
ington during  its  entire  term  of  service,  which  closed  June 
17,  1865,  and  that  the  members  were  noted  for  their  good 
drill  and  soldier-like  conduct,  during  the  entire  period  of  their 
service." 

In  the  First  Battalion  of  Heavy  Artillery,  whose 
term  of  service  was  three  years,  there  were  sixty-five  men 
from  this  city.  The  larger  part  of  them  belonged  to  company 
F,  the  remainder  being  scattered  among  the  other  companies. 
Authority  was  given  in    the  early  part  of  the  year   1862,  to 


304  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

raise  a  company  for  garrison  duty  at  Fort  Warren,  in  Boston 
harbor.  During  the  year  1863,  nine  additional  companies 
were  raised  for  coast  defences.  Then  a  battalion  was  formed, 
of  which  Captain  Cabot  was  appointed  Major.  At  first  the 
battalion  was  composed  of  the  First,  Second,  Fourth  and 
Fifth  unattached  companies  of  heavy  artillery  ;  but  in  the 
summer  of  1864,  two  companies  of  one  year  men  were  added. 
Company  F  was  enlisted  for  one  year.  The  several  com- 
panies were  on  duty  in  different  ports,  as  Plymouth,  Province- 
town,  Gloucester,  Marblehead,  etc.,  as  well  as  in  Boston 
harbor.  Company  F  was  on  duty  at  Fort  Warren,  and  re- 
mained at  that  post  until  all  the  Confederate  prisoners,  with 
one  exception,  were  released.  It  was  mustered  out  of  service, 
June  28,  1865. 

The  Second  Regiment  of  Cavalry  had  fifty-six  repre- 
sentatives from  Worcester,  among  whom  was  Second  Lieuten- 
ant Edward  W.  Wellington.  These  men  were  found  in  each 
of  the  twelve  companies  of  the  regiment,  besides  some  among 
the  "unassigned  recruits."  Colonel  Charles  K.  Lowell,  Jr., 
of  Boston,  was  in  command.  The  regiment  left  the  state  in 
detachments,  in  the  winter  and  spring  of  1863,  but  on  the 
sixth  of  August,  the  whole  body  reported  to  the  colonel  at 
Centreville,  Virginia.  It  was  often  engaged  in  skirmishes, 
during  the  remainder  of  the  year,  but  took  part  in  no  general 
engagement. 

In  the  early  part  of  1864,  the  regiment  was  engaged  by 
detachments,  in  various  service,  and  kept  in  active  duty  in 
parts  of  Virginia,  west  of  Washington.  Colonel  Lowell  took 
command  of  a  brigade  in  April,  and  the  regiment  was  left 
with  Colonel  Crowninshield.  During  the  month,  the  regiment 
took  part  in  three  expeditions  into  the  counties  of  Fanquier 
and  Loudon.  Shirmishes  took  place  in  which  two  non-com- 
missioned officers  were  killed,  but  on  the  other  hand,  thirty- 
five  officers  and  men  of  Mosby's  battalion  were  captured,  and 
six  others  were  killed  or  wounded.  In  the  last  of  these 
expeditions,  upwards  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars'  worth  of 
cotton,  wool,  tobacco,  leather,  and  blockade-run  goods  were 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  305 

seized,  and  an  underground  apartment  of  Mosby  was  dis- 
covered, in  which  were  found  his  private  effects,  inckiding 
personal  and  official  papers. 

In  May  and  June,  portions  of  the  regiment  were  employed 
in  guarding  wounded  federal  soldiers,  and  in  capturing  rebel 
guerrillas. 

On  the  sixth  of  July,  a  detachment  of  about  one  hundred 
men,  under  Major  Forbes,  was  defeated  by  Mosby  near 
Aldie,  Virginia.  About  noon  on  the  tenth,  our  men  had 
orders  to  enter  on  an  expedition  in  which  they  had  their 
revenge  for  this  mishap.  Colonel  Lowell  was  ordered  by 
General  Augur  to  send  a  regiment  without  delay  to  Tenally- 
town.  He  sent  his  own  regiment,  and  at  his  own  request, 
was  directed  to  accompany  it.  The  enemy  appeared  in  sight, 
the  next  day,  near  Tenallytown,  when  skirmishing  began, 
which  was  kept  up  all  day,  and  until  the  next  afternoon.  The 
enemy  was  then  charged,  driven,  and  his  position  was  taken. 
The  rebels  retired  through  Rockville,  Maryland,  but  the  next 
day,  made  a  heavy  counter-charge,  overpowering  the  advance 
of  our  cavalry,  and  driving  them  back  into  Rockville.  The 
regiment  here  rallied,  made  a  stand,  and  handsomely  repulsed 
four  charges  of  the  enemy.  During  these  three  days  our 
regiment  lost  six  men  killed,  and  about  a  hundred  wounded 
or   prisoners. 

In  the  month  of  August,  during  twenty-one  consecutive 
days,  the  regiment,  or  portions  of  it,  were  under  fire,  losing 
heavily  in  officers  and  men  killed  and  wounded.  The  regi- 
ment was  in  five  engagements,  and  its  aggregate  marches 
in  July  and  August,  amounted  to  eight  hundred  miles. 

Sheridan  now  had  command  in  the  valley  of  the  Shen- 
andoah. The  division  was  commanded  by  General  Merrit, 
and  the  brigade  by  Colonel  Lowell.  On  the  nineteenth  of 
September  the  regiment  participated  in  all  the  charges  upon 
the  enemy  in  the  battle  of  the  Opequan.  A  sharp  fight  took 
place  at  Snake  Mount,  three  days  later,  and  afterwards  the 
Second  took  a  "  prominent  part  in  a  charge  in  which  the 
rebel   cavalry   were   driven   from    Luray    Court    House,  and 


306  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

many  prisoners  were  captured."  There  was  an  engagement 
at  Waynesboro',  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  September,  and  on 
the  eighth  of  October  a  hard  fight  took  place  near  Round 
Top  Mountain.  The  next  day  the  "  handsomest  purely  cav- 
alry fight  and  victory  of  the  campaign  took  place."  Lomax 
was  driven  over  twenty  miles,  and  the  regiment  —  for  its  part 
of  the  work  —  captured  in  the  engagement,  four  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery, two  forges,  five  wagons,  and  a  number  of  prisoners, 
losing  none  killed,  and  but  two  wounded.  This  was  called 
the  battle  of  Thorn's  Brook,  though  the  troops  knew  it  better 
as  "Woodstock  Races." 

In  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  October  19,  our  regiment 
as  pirt  of  the  Reserve  Brigade,  "fought  the  rebel  cavalry 
for  an  hour  before  Early  made  his  principal  attack  on  the 
left."  During  the  day  the  regiment  made  four  charges. 
Several  officers  were  severely  wounded  ;  ten  men  were  killed, 
and  seventeen  wounded  during  the  day.  Colonel  Lowell  re- 
ceived a  severe  contusion  from  a  rifle  ball,  about  one  o'clock, 
but  would  not  leave  the  field.  Just  at  the  beginning  of  the 
grand  final  charge  of  the  First  Cavalry  Division,  he  received 
a  mortal  wound,  and  died  the  next  morning.  He  was  univer- 
sally admired.  A  friend  applied  to  him  the  following  lines, 
the  propriety  of  which  none  will  question. 

"  I  do  not  think  a  braver  gentleman, 
More  active  valiant,  or  more  valiant  young, 
More  daring,  or  more  bold,  is  now  alive. 
To  grace  this  latter  age  with  noble  deeds." 

In  the  short  summer  campaign  thirteen  horses  were  shot 
under  him.  Whenever  a  skirmish  line  wavered,  or  when 
men  hesitated  in  charging  an  apparently  superior  force,  he 
was  upon  the  line  encouraging  by  his  presence,  or  leading  the 
charge  to  victory. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Crowninshield  now  assumed  command, 
and  led  the  regiment  through  all  its  arduous  service  to  the 
close  of  the  year,  when  it  was  encamped  about  three  miles 
from  Winchester  under  Major  McKendry. 

The  Second  Cavalry  was  active  from  the  opening  of  the 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  30/ 

year  1865,  to  the  close  of  the  war.  A  few  particulars  only 
of  its  stirring  history  can  be  given.  Bearing  in  mind  that 
Colonel  Crowninshield  now  had  charge  of  the  brigade,  and 
Major  McKendry  of  the  regiment,  we  proceed  with  the 
narrative.  The  general  movement  towards  Richmond  took 
place,  February  27,  in  which  the  force  marched  through 
Staunton,  Charlottesville,  Scottsville,  Newmarket,  Columbia, 
Louisa,  Taylorsville,  and  King  William's  Court  House,  to 
White  House  Landing,  where  it  arrived  on  the  eighteenth  of 
March,  "  after  doing  incalculable  injury  to  the  enemy  by 
tearing  up  and  destroying  the  Virginia  Central  Railroad 
at  difterent  points,  and  also  completely  destroying  the  James 
River  Canal,  by  burning  locks  and  blowing  up  acqueducts, 
a  distance  of  twenty  miles.  At  Scottsville,  several  canal  boats 
loaded  with  shot,  shell  and  other  articles  of  ordnance,  were 
captured.  Immense  quantities  of  tobacco,  flour,  and  bacon, 
were  destroyed,  together  with  a  large  number  of  mills  and 
factories,  which  were  making  cloth  for  the  use  of  the  rebel 
army.  The  regiment,  led  by  Colonel  Crowninshield,  on  the 
fourteenth  of  March,  made  a  gallant  charge  at  the  bridge 
over  the  South  Anna  River,  upon  the  rebel  fortifications,  cap- 
turing three  pieces  of  heavy  field  artillery,  and  turning  them 
upon  the  fleeing  enemy,  thereby  causing  fearful  havoc  among 
them.  At  night  the  heavens  were  completely  aglow  with  the 
reflection  from  the  numerous  burning  bridges,  mills,  factories, 
and  tobacco  warehouses. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  March  the  regiment  crossed  the 
James  River,  at  Deep  Bottom,  and  joined  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  under  General  Grant.  From  this  time  to  the  tenth 
of  April,  the  regiment  was  on  horseback  almost  continually, 
urged  forward  by  the  intense  energy  of  Sheridan,  and  doing 
its  part  to  bafHe  every  effort  made  by  General  Lee  to  break 
through  our  lines,  or  turn  our  left  flank,  and  escape  to  the 
South.  The  marching  and  fighting  of  these  ten  or  twelve 
days  would  require  a  volume  to  do  justice  to  the  heroism  of 
our  troops.  Every  day  had  its  trials  and  triumphs,  and  the 
soldiers  fought  as  men  who  knew  the  end  was  nigh.  The 
record  of  April  9,  will  be  given  in  full. 


308  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

"  Firing  commenced  along  the  whole  line  at  break  of  day.  The  regi- 
ment was  ordered  on  the  skirmish  line,  and  advanced  steadily  in  the  di- 
rection of  Appomattox  Court  House.  The  Fifth  and  Twenty-fifth  Army 
Corps  having  come  up  during  the  night,  formed  supporting  lines  in  the 
rear  of  the  cavalry.  The  rebels  opened  a  heavy  fire  of  artillery  as  the 
cavalry  advanced,  and  making  a  determined  stand,  the  advance  was  mo- 
mentarily checked,  and  as  Colonel  Crowninshield  and  Lieutenant  H.  G. 
Burlingham,  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  were  standing  dismounted,  a 
shell  struck  in  the  mud  at  their  feet,  but  did  not  explode.  Their  escape 
was  certainly  a  most  providential  one.  The  line  again  advanced,  and 
em.erging  from  the  woods  on  to  an  open  plain,  our  strong  re-enforcements 
of  infantry  were  observed  by  the  enemy,  and  all  firing  ceased.  ...  It  was 
announced  that  Lee  had  surrendered  his  whole  army,  consisting  of  about 
twenty  thousand  men,  and  immense  quantities  of  munitions  of  war  ;  and 
thus  to  the  most  intense  gratification  of  the  whole  army,  ended  a  struggle 
which  for  the  ten  days  preceding,  had  been  carried  on  under  the  most 
adverse  circumstances.  The  perils  which  were  undergone,  the  hardships 
endured,  the  gallantry  of  both  officers  and  men  so  often  displayed,  are 
matters  of  history ;  and  that  history  will  show  that  in  all  this  none  bore 
a  more  conspicuous  part  than  Sheridan's  Cavalry." 

The  Second  Cavalry  was  sent  southward  to  co-operate  with 
other  troops  in  the  movement  against  General  Johnston  ;  but 
news  of  his  surrender  met  them  at  Boston,  Halifax  County, 
Virginia,  when  the  march  was  taken  up  towards  Richmond. 
On  the  twenty-third  of  May,  the  regiment  marched  in  the 
grand  review  at  Washington,  where  its  "  war-worn  battle-flag 
was  received  with  great  enthusiasm  by  the  multitude  who  had 
assembled  to  do  honor  to  the  noble  veterans  of  the  nation's 
victorious  army." 

The  Fourth  Regiment  of  Cavalry,  commanded  at  first 
by  Colonel  Arnold  A.  Rand,  and  afterwards  by  Colonel 
Francis  Washburn,  of  Lancaster,  contained  about  twenty- 
four  men  from  Worcester,  one  of  whom,  Warren  A.  Fuller, 
was  first  lieutenant.  The  regiment  was  broken  into  so  many 
detachments  that  it  is  impossible  to  give  a  connected  history 
of  the  whole  body.  Nor  would  the  limited  number  of  our 
soldiers,  in  this  regiment,  warrant  giving  extended  space  to 
the  record.  The  majority  of  our  men  were  in  companies  E 
and  F,  with  which  they  did  good  service,  but  all  their  various 
locations,  during  1864,  need  not  be  given. 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  3O9 

When  the  Army  of  the  James  left  its  winter  quarters,  March 
28,  1865,  Company  F,  with  another  company,  remained  at- 
tached to  the  Twenty-fourth  Army  Corps,  and  was  active  in 
the  engagements  of  that  corps  while  pursuing  the  rebel  army 
in  Virginia.  Companies  E  and  H  remained  with  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Army  Corps  before  Richmond,  and  were  the  first  troops 
to  enter  the  captured  city,  on  the  third  of  April.  "  The 
guidons  of  these  companies  were  the  first  Union  colors  carried 
into  Richmond,  and  raised  by  Union  troops.  They  floated 
from  the  capitol  building  until  a  larger  flag  supplied  their 
place." 

These  companies,  viz.,  I,  L  and  M,  remained  attached  to 
the  headquarters  Army  of  the  James,  under  command  of 
Colonel  Washburn,  and  marched  with  them  to  Burkesville, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  night  of  the  fifth  of  April.  In  this 
detachment  were  a  few  men  from  Worcester  and  other  towns 
in  the  vicinity.  Their  commander  also  had  relatives  and 
many  friends  here,  and  hither,  after  receiving  his  mortal 
wound,  he  came  to  die  in  the  house  of  his  brother,  Mr.  J.  D. 
Washburn.  These  facts  certainly  justify  the  following  brief 
account  of  the  last  important  service  done  by  any  portion  of 
the  regiment. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  sixth.  Colonel  Washburn,  with 
his  detachment,  consisting  of  thirteen  officers  and  sixty-seven 
men,  accompanied  by  two  regiments  of  infantry,  each  about 
four  hundred  strong,  were  sent  to  destroy  High  Bridge, 
eighteen  miles  distant.  This  bridge  was  of  great  importance 
to  the  retreating  rebel  army.  Before  reaching  the  bridge, 
General  Reed  came  up,  with  orders  not  to  destroy  the  bridge. 
It  was  soon  found  that  the  enemy  was  on  both  sides  of  our 
forces,  and  in  superior  numbers.  The  only  way  of  escape  was 
to  charge  through  the  enemy's  works.  "  Twice  the  cavalry,  — 
under  Colonel  Washburn  —  charged,  breaking  through  and 
dispersing  one  line  of  the  enemy,  reforming  and  charging  a 
second,  which  was  formed  in  a  wood  too  dense  to  admit  of 
free  use  of  the  sabre."  It  was  in  vain.  Eight  out  of  twelve 
officers  were  cut  or  shot  down  ;    three  killed,  and  five  severely 


3IO  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

wounded.  The  little  band  was  hemmed  in  and  overpowered 
by  two  divisions  of  rebel  cavalry.  Colonel  Washburn,  making 
a  third  charge,  while  crossing  sabres  with  a  rebel  officer  whom 
he  had  nearly  disarmed,  was  shot  in  the  head  by  another,  and 
after  he  had  fallen,  received  a  sabre-cut  upon  the  skull. 
Taken  prisoner,  the  enemy,  though  they  affected  to  extol  his 
bravery,  did  "  nothing  for  his  wounds,  and  robbed  him  of  his 
horse,  his  sword,  and  his  money."  Overcome  by  fatigue, 
wounds  and  neglect,  his  system  gave  way,  and  he  had  only 
strength  to  reach  Worcester,  where  he  died  the  following 
night.  But  though  he  fell  before  the  barbarous  foe,  his  last 
action  was  not  in  vain.  Indeed,  it  was  the  crowning  act  of 
his  military  service,  and  had  most  important  results.  "  To 
the  sharpness  of  that  fight,"  says  a  rebel  colonel,  inspector- 
general  on  Lee's  staff,  to  General  Ord,  "  the  cutting  off  of 
Lee's  army  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  was  probably  owing. 
So  fierce  were  the  charges  of  Colonel  Washburn  and  his  men, 
and  so  determined  their  fighting,  that  General  Lee  received 
the  impression  that  they  must  be  supported  by  a  large  part 
of  the  army,  and  that  his  retreat  must  be  cut  off."  He  there- 
fore halted  his  army,  began  to  throw  up  breastworks,  and  send 
back  trains  of  provisions,  forage  and  clothing.  By  this  means 
his  march  was  delayed  and  his  soldiers  deprived  of  neces- 
saries, while  General  Sheridan  was  enabled  to  come  up  with 
Ewell's  Division  at  Taylor's  Creek,  and  General  Ord  had  so 
closed  upon  Lee  that  a  retreat  directly  south  was  no  longer 
practicable.  He  was  obliged  to  make  the  circuit  by  way  of 
Appomattox  Court  House,  and  there  compelled  to  surrender. 
This  great  service  was  fully  appreciated  by  General  Grant. 

The  Fifth  Regiment  of  Cavalry  demands  distinct 
notice,  —  though  brief —  because  there  were  in  its  ranks, 
twenty-five  men  from  Worcester,  and  also  because  this  was 
the  only  regiment  of  colored  cavalry  organized  in  Massachu- 
setts. It  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States 
by  companies,  at  dates  ranging  from  January  to  May,  1864. 
It  was  formed  into  three  battalions,  the  first  of  which  left  the 
state,  May  5  ;  the  second,  May  6  ;  and  the  third.  May  8.     AU 


CLOSING    CAMPAIGN.  3  II 

proceeded  to  Washington,  and  reported  to  General  Casey, 
whence  they  were  ordered  to  Camp  Casey,  near  Fort  Albany, 
two  miles  from  Long  Bridge,  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the 
Potomac. 

On  the  thirteenth  of  May,  orders  were  given  to  proceed  to 
Alexandria,  whence  the  regiment  went  by  transports  to  Fort- 
ress Monroe,  and  reported  to  General  Butler.  The  next  move 
was  to  City  Point.  After  various  short  expeditions,  the  main 
part  of  the  regiment,  under  command  of  Colonel  Russell,  on 
the  fifteenth  of  June,  engaged  the  enemy's  batteries  at  Bailor's 
Farm.  In  this  action,  the  colonel  was  wounded  in  the  left 
shoulder ;  Major  T.  B.  Adams  was  wounded  severely  in  the 
chest ;  Captain  Clark  was  slightly  wounded  in  the  leg  ;  three 
men  were  killed,  and  sixteen  were  wounded. 

The  regiment  received  orders,  June  29,  to  proceed  to  Point 
Lookout,  Maryland,  where  it  remained  till  February,  1865, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  grateful  service  of  guarding  rebel 
prisoners.  By  a  just  retributive  providence,  the  subject  race 
were  placed  as  guards  over  those  who  had  held  them  or  their 
brethren  in  bondage. 

In  March,  1865,  the  regiment  was  reported  as  "in  the  field, 
near  Richmond  ;  "  in  April,  "  near  Petersburg,"  in  May,  "  near 
City  Point,"  and  in  June,  "  Camp  Lincoln,  Virginia."  From 
the  last  date  till  its  muster  out  of  service,  at  Clarksville,  Octo- 
ber 31,  1865,  it  was  in  Texas.  While  there  it  was  for  several 
months  exposed  to  severe  hardship.  The  men  were  chiefly 
employed  in  digging  and  other  laborious  work.  At  one  time 
a  great  many  of  the  men  were  on  the  sick  list,  caused  by 
exposure  and  overwork.  Its  term  of  service  having  expired, 
the  regiment  was  taken  to  New  York  by  transports,  and 
thence  by  steamboat  and  railroad  to  Boston.  It  was  then 
sent  to  Galloupe's  Island,  where  the  men  were  paid  and  dis- 
charged in  the  latter  part  of  November.  The  successive 
commanders  were  Colonels  Henry  S.  Russell,  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  Jr.,  and  Samuel  E.  Chamberlain.  Though  not  called 
into  action  on  the  battle-field,  except  on  one  occasion,  the 
soldiers  performed  their  duties  well,  and  doubtless  would  have 


312  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

been  gratified  to  meet  the  enemies  of  the  country  and  the 
oppressors  of  their  race  in  mortal  strife. 

The  annals  of  the  regiments,  and  other  organizations  which 
contained  any  considerable  number  of  soldiers  from  Worces- 
ter, have  now  been  completed.  The  record  is  honorable  to 
the  city,  and  especially  honorable  to  the  men  who  took  the 
field.  The  history  may  be  read  with  satisfaction  by  the  pres- 
ent and  future  generations,  and  with  pride  by  the  children  of 
those  by  whose  aid  the  Union  was  saved,  and  freedom  made 
the  birthright  of  all  the  countless  millions  who  shall  dwell  in 
this  land  in  after  times. 


GENERAL  DEVENS.  313 


CHAPTER   XIV. 

GENERAL   DEVENS. 

It  has  been  stated  already  that  Colonel  Devens,  of  the  Fif- 
teenth Regiment,  was  appointed  brigadier-general  in  the 
spring  of  1862,  for  gallantry  and  good  conduct  at  the  battle 
of  Ball's  Bluff.  This  promotion  separated  him  from  his  regi- 
ment, which  was  not  in  the  brigade  under  his  command. 
His  military  career  was  therefore  not  intimately  connected 
with  that  of  the  soldiers  from  Worcester,  and  its  history  must 
be  given  in  a  distinct  chapter. 

As  he  was  not  a  native  of  Worcester,  the  following  bio- 
graphical facts  may  properly  be  stated  in  this  place.  He  was 
born  in  Charlestown,  April  4,  1820.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard College  in  the  class  of  1838.  His  legal  studies  were  pur- 
sued at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  and  afterwards  with  Messrs. 
Hubbard  &  Watts,  of  Boston.  From  1841  to  1849,  he  prac- 
ticed law  in  Franklin  county,  residing  for  a  while  at  North- 
field,  and  then  at  Greenfield.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  the  years  1848  and  1849.  From  1849  ^o  1853,  he 
held  the  office  of  United  States  Marshal  for  the  district  of 
Massachusetts.  In  1854  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and 
took  up  his  residence  in  Worcester. 

Before  following  him  to  the  field  again  a  brief  allusion 
should  be  made  to  a  transaction  which  reveals  his  character, 
and  exhibits  the  principles  which  animated  him  in  engaging 
in  the  war  for  the  Union  and  for  freedom. 

When  Thomas  Sims  was  claimed  as  a  fugitive  slave,  and 
was  remanded  by  the  proper  tribunal,  to  his  master,  Mr. 
Devens  was  the  United  States  Marshal  for  this  district,  and 
in  obedience  to  what  he  considered  the  exigences  of  his  office, 


314  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

he  took  necessary  measures  to  secure  the  rendition  of  the 
fugitive.  For  this  act  he  was  severely  censured,  by  a  portion 
of  the  pubhc,  as  if  he  were  the  willing  instrument  of  power  in 
oppressing  the  weak.  The  facts  which  follow  show  the  injus- 
tice of  these  censures.  In  1855  he  endeavoured,  through  the 
agency  of  Rev.  L.  A.  Grimes  of  Boston,  to  obtain  the  freedom 
of  Sims,  offering  to  pay  whatever  sum  was  necessary  to  secure 
that  result.  The  effort  at  that  time  was  fruitless.  Years 
passed  by,  when  just  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion, 
Mr.  Devens  learned  that  Mrs.  Lydia  Maria  Child  was  making 
applications  for  money  to  purchase  the  freedom  of  Sims.  He 
immediately  addressed  her  a  letter,  requesting  her  to  return 
all  the  sums  which  had  been  given,  and  leave  him  the  privi- 
lege of  furnishing  the  whole  from  his  own  purse.  The  note, 
which  ought  to  be  printed  in  golden  letters,  was  as  follows  : 

"  I  have  heard  that  you  are  trying  to  raise  money  to  redeem  Thomas 
Sims  from  slavery.  If  you  have  received  any  contributions,  please 
return  them  to  the  donors,  as  I  wish  to  contribute  the  entire  sum  my- 
self." 

In  reply,  she  informed  him  that  the  price  demanded  for 
Sims  was  eighteen  hundred  dollars.  His  answer  was  that 
the  sum  demanded  was  subject  to  her  order  whenever  she 
chose  to  call  for  it. 

Before  the  affair  could  be  arranged,  the  war  rendered  nego- 
tiations with  the  master  impossible.  In  the  course  of  time, 
Sims  found  himself  near  enough  to  the  lines  of  the  Union 
Army  to  escape  thither  with  his  wife  and  child.  They  were 
thus  practically,  as  they  are  now  legally,  free.  After  peace  was 
declared,  Sims  came  north,  and  General  Devens  then  sent 
one  hundred  dollars  to  Mrs.  Child,  for  his  use  while  finding ' 
business  to  support  his  family.  In  a  letter  accompanying 
the  gift,  he  expressed  his  conviction  that  the  negroes  ought 
to  have  the  right  of  suffrage  secured  to  them,  as  a  result  of 
the  war,  because  that  was  essential  to  their  safety. 

Returning  to  the  war,  it  appears  that  when  his  commis- 
sion arrived.  General  Devens  was  immediately  detailed  to  the 
command  of  a  brigade  in  Couch's  Division,  Keys'  (Fourth) 


GENERAL    DEVENS.  315 

Army  Corps.  He  took  leave  of  his  old  regiment  in  the 
trenches  before  Yorktown,  with  the  strongest  expressions  of 
mutual  regret  and  esteem,  on  his  own  part  and  that  of  the 
regiment.  Each  felt  that  they  were  parting  with  comrades 
who  had  been  tried  in  difficulty  and  danger,  and  not  found 
wanting.  General  Devens  assured  the  regiment  that  if  he 
consulted  feeling  merely,  he  should  prefer  to  remain  with  them 
than  take  any  other  command.  Their  mutual  confidence  and 
regard  had  been  strengthened  by  being  under  fire  in  the 
same  conflicts.  This  fact  would  be  a  bond  of  union  if  ever 
permitted  to  meet  together  in  after  life. 

The  brigade  of  which  General  Devens  now  took  command, 
contained  the  Second  Rhode  Island,  the  Thirty-sixth  New 
York,  and  the  Seventh  and  Tenth  Massachusetts  Regiments. 
He  thus  had  in  his  command  a  large  number  of  Massachu- 
setts troops,  although  General  McClellan  did  not  feel  able 
to  gratify  his  request  that  the  Fifteenth  might  be  in  his 
brigade. 

The  first  action  in  which  General  Devens'  Brigade  was 
seriously  engaged,  was  the  battle  of  Williamsburgh,  where 
its  conduct  was  most  creditable.  It  was  the  first  brigade 
whose  colors  crossed  the  Chickahominy,  and  it  took  part  in 
all  the  conflicts  of  the  left  wing  of  the  army,  up  to  the  time 
of  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  in  which  engagement  the 
brigade  held  the  important  position  where  the  road  to  Fair 
Oaks  crossed  the  Williamsburg  and  Richmond  Road,  and 
known  as  "  Seven  Pines."  Without  entering  into  the  particu- 
lars of  this  battle,  it  will  be  recollected  that  although  the 
final  result  was  a  brilliant  victory  for  our  arms,  the  result  of 
the  first  day's  contest  was  so  far  unfavorable  to  us,  that  we 
were  compelled  to  yield  about  a  mile  of  ground.  The 
Federal  lines  having  been  broken  to  the  right  of  General 
Devens,  his  brigade  was  compelled  to  fall  back  to  prevent  be- 
ing outflanked  by  the  enemy,  who  had  so  far  passed  to  the 
rear  of  it  before  it  commenced  retreating,  that  it  took  forty  or 
fifty  rebel  prisoners  behind  it  on  its  short  retreat  to  its  new 
position.     The  horse  of  General  Devens  was  shot  under  him. 


3l6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  he  was  himself  wounded  by  a  musket-ball,  which  struck 
and  slightly  splintered  the  bone  of  the  right  leg  below  the 
knee,  passing  into  the  muscle.  He  did  not  however  quit  the 
field,  notwithstanding  the  earnest  request  of  Dr.  O'  Leary,  the 
brigade  surgeon,  but  continued  in  command  until  night 
brought  a  temporary  cessation  of  hostilities. 

The  report  of  this  action  in  the  Cincinnati  Commercial^ 
speaks  of  the  "  inspiring  efforts  "  of  General  Devens  when 
meeting  a  "vehement  shock  of  the  rebels."  "  His  energetic 
gallantry"  was  recognized  by  Major-General  Keys,  the  corps 
commander,  in  a  letter  added  to  his  report  of  the  engagement. 

The  next  day  General  Devens  found  himself  utterly  disabled 
on  account  of  his  wound.  He  was  kept  from  active  duty 
about  five  weeks,  during  which  time  he  visited  the  North  for 
the  purpose  of  medical  attendance.  On  consulting  the  late 
eminent  Dr.  J.  Mason  Warren,  he  advised  against  the  attempt 
to  extract  the  bullet.  It  still  remains  in  its  place,  a  perpetual 
memento  of  the  battle.  A  day  or  two  before  his  return  to 
the  army,  General  Devens  addressed  a  war  meeting  held  in 
Fanueil  Hall,  and  presided  over  by  Mayor  Wightman. 

He  resumed  his  command  at  Harrison's  Landing  about  the 
tenth  of  July,  whither  the  army  had  retreated,  after  the  series 
of  battles  known  as  the  "  Seven  Days'  Battles,"  in  which  his 
brigade  had  borne  an  active  part.  The  history  of  any  officer 
is  of  course  that  of  his  command.  The  brigade  of  General 
Devens,  while  at  Harrison's  Landing,  participated  in  the  re- 
connoissance  in  force  under  General  Hooker,  usually  known  as 
the  second  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  and  with  the  rest  of  the 
army,  retreated  down  the  Peninsula.  Thence,  with  Couch's 
Division,  of  which  it  formed  a  part,  it  was  transferred  to 
Alexandria.  It  moved  out  to  the  contests  fought  under 
General  Pope  at  Chantilly  and  Centreville.  Retiring  to 
Alexandria,  it  formed  a  portion  of  the  left  column  under 
General  Sumner,  by  which  McClellan,  who  had  now  resumed 
the  actual  command,  was  aided  in  his  operations  to  repel 
Lee's  invasion  of  Maryland.  After  the  battle  of  South 
Mountain    and  Crampton's    Pass  had  enabled   McClellan  to 


GENERAL    DEVENS.  317 

cross  the  Catoctin  range  of  mountains,  the  division  of  Gen- 
eral Couch  was  dispatched,  but  too  late,  down  the  valley  to 
the  relief  of  Harper's  Ferry.  General  Couch  found  it  was  in 
possession  of  the  enemy,  and  the  roar  ^f  artillery  admonishing 
him  that  a  general  engagement  was  in  progress  at  Antietam, 
he  immediately  turned  to  that  point,  which  was  reached  at  the 
close  of  the  first  day's  fighting.  At  daybreak  he  was  posted 
in  the  front  line  for  the  renewal  of  the  engagement.  It  was 
not  however  resumed,  except  in  a  desultory  manner,  by  the 
skirmishers  of  the  army  ;  and  on  that  night  General  Lee 
made  good  his  retreat  into  Virginia.  In  riding  out  alone,  to 
examine  more  carefully  the  position  assigned  to  his  brigade, 
which  General  Devens  did  without  his  staff,  in  order  not  to 
attract  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  his  horse  was  shot  under  him. 

After  the  battle  of  Antietam,  General  Devens,  with  his 
brigade,  took  part  in  several  of  the  minor  combats  of  the 
army  which  occurred  between  that  time  and  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  on  the  thirteenth  of  December. 

Meantime  a  movement  was  made  at  home  to  call  him  to  a 
difierent  service.  On  the  eleventh  of  October  a  meeting  was 
held  in  Fanueil  Hall,  called  the  "  People's  Convention."  It 
was  composed  of  delegates  representing  the  main  body  of  the 
democratic  party  in  the  state,  and  the  conservative  repub- 
licans. The  call  for  the  convention  was  very  numerously 
signed  by  gentlemen  living  in  different  parts  of  the  Common- 
wealth. The  Hon.  Linus  Child,  a  well-known  and  highly 
respectable  republican  presided.  By  this  body.  General 
Devens  was  chosen  as  their  candidate  for  governor.  It  is 
not  necessary,  at  this  late  day,  to  question  the  designs  of  those 
who  led  in  this  movement.  It  is  enough  for  our  purpose  to 
know  the  motives  which  governed  General  Devens  in  accept- 
ing the  nomination.  In  regard  to  this  there  is  no  ground  for 
doubt  that  he  was  anxious  to  see  the  people  united  on  the 
best  policy  to  suppress  the  rebellion  at  once.  Schouler's 
"History  of  Massachusetts  in  the  Civil  War,"  has  this  re- 
mark :  — 

"  The  Fanueil  Hall  Convention  was  a  highly  respectable  body  of  men, 


3l8  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  the  nominations  were  very  proper  to  be  made.  General  Devens, 
who  was  put  forward  for  governor,  had  rendered  efficient  service  by  his 
bravery  and  capacity  in  the  field,  and  was  well  and  favorably  known 
throughout  the  Commonwealth  ;  but  nothing  could  shake  the  confidence 
of  the  people  in  Governor  Andrew,  or  cause  a  change  in  the  State  Ad- 
ministration.    Governor  Andrew  was  triumphantly  re-elected." 

It  may  be  added  that  the  cordiality  which  existed  between 
Governor  Andrew  and  General  Devens,  was  not  affected  in 
the  slightest  degree,  by  the  political  campaign. 

At  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  the  division 
formerly  commanded  by  General  Couch,  including  General 
Devens'  Brigade,  had  been  assigned  to  the  Sixth  Army  Corps» 
and  General  John  Newton  had  been  assigned  as  its  com- 
mander. The  left  wing  of  the  army,  composed  of  the  Sixth 
Corps,  under  General  W.  F.  Smith,  and  the  First  Corps, 
under  General  Reynolds,  and  both  under  command  of  Major- 
General  Franklin,  were  to  cross  the  Rappahannock  two  miles 
below  Fredericksburg.  General  Devens'  Brigade  was  selected 
to  lead  the  advance.  To  this  brigade,  the  Thirty-seventh 
Massachusetts,  Colonel  Edwards,  had  been  recently  added. 
The  crossing  of  the  left  wing  was  delayed  in  consequence  of 
the  resolute  resistance  to  the  right,  at  the  town  of  Fredericks- 
burg, but  just  before  sunset,  the  signal  being  given,  the 
brigade  rushed  across  the  pontoon  bridge,  promptly  cleared 
the  negro  huts  of  a  plantation  which  the  enemy  were  using  as 
a  line  of  defence,  taking  prisoners  a  considerable  number  of 
the  rebels  in  their  sudden  assault,  and  establishing  themselves 
firmly  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river.  Howard's  Division 
had  done  the  same  thing  at  the  right,  but  as  it  was  then  too 
late  in  the  day  to  attempt  the  passage  of  the  main  arrny,  these 
two  bodies  of  troops  remained  alone  that  night  on  the  farther 
bank,  resisting  resolutely  all  attempts  to  dislodge  them.  The 
next  day  the  main  body  of  the  army  crossed,  and  the  unfor- 
tunate battle  of  Fredericksburg  followed. 

When  the  retreat  was  determined  upon,  General  Devens 
requested  that  his  brigade  might  be  the  last  of  the  left  wing 
to  re-cross,  as  he  had  been  the  first  to  advance.     In  conse- 


GENERAL    DEVENS. 


319 


quence,  the  rear-guard  was  ordered  to  consist  of  his  own  and 
Torbert's  brigades,  both  under  his  command.  In  a  letter 
addressed  to  General  Devens  a  short  time  afterwards,  Major- 
General  Newton  says  :  — 

"  At  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  you  crossed  on  the  pontoon  bridges 
on  the  left,  the  first  of  the  left  Grand  Division,  and  after  undergoing  the 
exposure  incident  to  our  occupation  of  the  south  bank  of  the  Rappahan- 
nock, you  volunteered  out  of  your  own  regular  turn  to  cover  the  with- 
drawal of  our  troops  to  the  north  bank,  which  delicate  operation  you  per- 
formed to  the  full  satisfaction  of  the  superior  officers  of  the  left  wing  of 
the  army.  Every  one  present  at  that  point,  qualified,  fully  realized  the 
danger  and  importance  of  the  task  you  voluntarily  assumed." 

In  the  same  letter,  General  Newton  says  that  General 
Devens  "showed  at  every  opportunity  the  qualities  of  an 
efficient  and  zealous  officer." 

At  the  organization  of  the  army  for  the  spring  campaign, 
1863,  General  Hooker  being  now  the  commander-in-chief — 
General  Devens,  —  General  Sedgwick  strongly  recommend- 
ing it,  —  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  division  in  the 
Eleventh  Army  Corps,  (General  Howard's.)  This  appoint- 
ment was  made  just  before  the  army  was  commencing  its 
movement  which  terminated  in  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville. 
After  the  concentration  of  the  army,  which  had  crossed  the 
Rapidan  and  the  Rappahannock,  upon  the  other  side,  it  can 
hardly  be  doubted  that  the  mistake  of  General  Hooker  in 
awaiting,  in  a  not  very  well  chosen  position,  an  enemy  whom 
he  should  have  resolutely  attacked,  was  the  cause  of  the 
disaster  which  followed.  The  Eleventh  Corps,  the  smallest  in 
the  army,  only  about  eleven  thousand  strong,  formed  the 
extreme  right  wing.  General  Devens  commanded  the  First 
Division,  General  Schurz  the  Second  Division,  and  General 
Von  Steinwalzer  the  Third  Division.  During  Saturday  infor- 
mation was  repeatedly  sent  to  general  head-quarters,  that 
the  enemy  were  meditating  an  attack  on  the  right  flank,  and 
concentrating  there  in  great  force  ;  but  for  some  unknown 
reason,  it  did  not  produce  the  effect  desired,  and  about  one 
hour  before  dusk,  the  right  was  attacked    by  General  T.  J. 


320  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Jackson,  —  "Stonewall,"  —  with  twenty-five  thousand  troops, 
according  to  the  published  reports  of  the  rebels.  From  the 
disposition  of  the  troops  made  under  the  supervision  of  the 
commander-in-chief,  the  corps  was  so  posted  that  only  one 
division  could  fight  at  once,  and  that  but  imperfectly.  The 
result  was  that  the  Eleventh  Corps  was  soon  rolled  up  by  the 
impetuous  assault,  and  but  for  the  coming  on  of  night,  the 
disaster  to  the  army  might  have  been  more  serious  than  it 
was.  It  was  in  this  assault,  that  General  Jackson,  the  most 
competent  of  the  rebel  generals,  received  his  mortal  wound. 

Much  injustice  was  done  to  the  Eleventh  Corps  at  the  time, 
but  considering  their  disparity,  and  the  fact  that  they  were 
completely  outflanked  at  the  commencement  of  the  attack,  no 
more  resolute  resistance  could  have  been  expected.  In  the 
conclusion  of  his  testimony  on  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville, 
General  Devens  concludes  as  follows  :  — 

"  As  the  conduct  of  this  First  Division  of  the  Eleventh  Corps  has 
been  made  the  subject  of  severe  and  as  it  seems  to  me  unjust  commeRt, 
I  deem  it  proper  to  say  that  when  Lieutenant-General  Jackson,  with 
twenty-five  thousand  men,  had  been  enabled  to  place  himself,  without 
opposition,  on  our  right  flank,  he  had  gained  a  tactical  victory,  which  re- 
quired only  that  he  should  strike,  to  be  a  complete  one  over  a  corps  so 
posted  as  was  the  Eleventh  ;  that  it  could  hardly  be  expected  that  a  divi- 
sion no  larger  than  the  First,  unsupported  as  it  must  necessarily  be  by 
other  divisions,  could  long  withstand  the  assault  of  such  a  body,  and  that 
the  fact  that  out  of  this  division  of  less  than  four  thousand  men,  six- 
teen  hundred  by  name  are  included  in  the  list  of  killed,  wounded  and 
missing,  (nearly  every  regimental,  brigade,  and  division  commander  being 
on  the  list.)  shows  that  the  utmost  was  done  by  it  to  prevent  the  disaster 
which  threatened  the  army,  until  it  could  be  placed  in  position  to  receive 
this  assault.  In  this  connection,  to  show  that  my  own  efforts  were  not 
unworthy  of  the  trust  confided  to  me,  I  deem  it  proper  to  add  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  a  note  addressed  to  me  by  Major-General  Howard,  a  few 
days  after.  These  are  his  words  :  '  I  take  pleasure  in  assuring  your 
friends  that  your  own  conduct  was  noble  and  self-sacrificing  in  the  ex- 
treme. More  than  an  hour  after  the  attack,  I  saw  you  still  rallying  men  ; 
forming  lines  to  resist  the  enemy's  attack,  though  suffering  from  a  severe 
and  painful  wound  received  early  in  the  action.  Be  assured  of  my  confi- 
dence and  affectionate  regards.'  " 

Soon   after    the   commencement   of    this   action,    General 


GENERAL    DEVENS.  321 

Devens  received  a  severe  and  painful  wound  in  the  foot,  but 
resolutely  kept  the  field  in  command,  until  the  day  was  over. 
Although  he  remained  on  the  field  during  the  night,  and  the 
next  day,  in  an  ambulance,  his  wound  obliged  him  to  relinquish 
the  active  command.  He  was  then  removed  to  Washington, 
and  though  extremely  anxious  to  come  North,  remained  there 
for  some  time  in  consequence  of  the  critical  condition  of  his 
wound,  which  at  one  time,  it  was  thought  by  Dr.  Clymer,  the 
attending  physician,  would  require  amputation  of  the  foot. 
During  his  confinement  there  he  was  most  kindly  visited  by 
the  President  —  Mr.  Lincoln  —  who  was  always  anxious  to 
express  his  regard  for  the  wounded  soldiers. 

As  soon  as  it  was  deemed  safe.  General  Devens  was  re- 
moved to  the  North,  and  when  the  draft  was  ordered,  he  was 
appointed  to  command  the  draft  rendezvous  in  this  state. 
This  position  he  was  reluctant  to  undertake,  as  he  had  hoped 
soon  to  rejoin  the  army  in  the  field.  But  the  draft  riots, 
which  seemed  to  indicate  a  violent  disposition  to  oppose  this 
absolutely  necessary  military  measure,  and  the  certainty  that 
it  must  be  some  months  before  he  could  resume  active  service, 
reconciled  him  to  the  duty.  He  commanded  the  draft  rendez- 
vous at  Long  Island  and  Galloupe's  Island,  and  in  these 
annoying  and  troublesome  duties,  had  the  satisfaction  of 
receiving  the  cordial  approval  of  the  people  and  the  authori- 
ties of  the  state. 

General  Devens  returned  to  the  field  in  the  spring  of  1864, 
in  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  under  General  W.  F.  Smith, 
who  had  specially  requested  that  he  might  be  assigned  to  his 
command.  He  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  at  Port  Walthall, 
Arrowfield  Church,  etc.,  fought  by  that  portion  of  the  army, 
then  operating  under  Major-General  Butler  from  the  base  of 
Bermuda  Hundred.  After  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  Gen- 
eral Butler  was  directed  to  reinforce  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
by  a  detachment  of  at  least  three  divisions.  These  consisted 
of  Brook's  and  Martindale's  Divisions  of  the  Eighteenth 
Army  Corps,  and  a  provisional  division  of  three  brigades  from 
the  Tenth  Corps,  under    General    Devens,  all    being   under 


322  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  command  of  Major-General  W.  F.  Smith.  In  some  re- 
marks made  before  the  G.  A.  R.  in  Mechanics  Hall,  January 
27,  1869,  upon  the  enlisted  men  of  the  army,  General  Devens 
thus  alludes  to  the  gallant  men  of  this  division  :  — 

"  To  the  latter  field,  —  Cold  Harbor  —  the  corps  in  which  I  served, 
with  the  division  which  I  commanded,  had  been  sent  from  the  Army  of 
the  James.  Packed  in  crowded  transports  as  you  have  never  seen  hu- 
man beings  packed  unless  you  have  been  a  soldier,  down  the  James 
River,  up  the  York  and  Pamunky,  they  had  landed  at  the  designated 
point,  to  strike  across  and  join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  ;  then  the  weary 
night  march,  with  only  three  hours'  rest,  towards  morning,  the  weary  day's 
march,  under  the  raging  sun,  and  through  a  cloud  of  dust  which  seemed 
perfectly  stifling  ;  at  fi-ve  o'clock  in  the  evening  we  were  on  the  field  of 
Cold  Harbor,  just  as  the  conflict  was  commencing.  Our  line  was  formed 
in  a  few  minutes,  and  faint  and  utterly  exhausted  as  it  seemed,  the  men 
threw  themselves  on  the  ground,  in  the  hope  on  my  part  that  they  might 
have  an  half  hour  of  rest.  The  hope  was  in  vain.  Almost  instantly  Gen- 
eral W.  F.  Smith,  the  corps  commander,  was  at  my  side.  'You  must 
carry  the  enemy's  breastwork  in  front  of  you,'  said  he.  I  do  not  think  I 
often  hesitated  when  an  order  was  given  ;  but  I  did  on  that  occasion  an- 
swer, '  But,  general,  the  men  ? '  '  I  know,'  said  he,  '  it  is  awful,  but  you 
can  carry  it  to-night  —  you  may  not  be  able  to  do  it  in  the  morning.'  No 
more  was  said.  In  five  minutes  we  were  in  motion  ;  the  true  eye  of 
our  commander  was  right.  He  had  set  us  nothing  to  do  that  we  could 
not  do,  and  in  ten  minutes  the  breastwork  was  won  ;  but  three  hundred 
brave  men  were  among  the  killed  and  wounded,  including  each  of  the  brig- 
ade commanders." 

Previous  to  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  General  Devens  had 
been  extremely  unwell,  having  indeed  risen  from  his  bed  to 
engage  in  it  ;  but  after  the  battle  was  over,  —  having  lain  on 
the  ground  several  nights  —  he  was  prostrated  by  a  fever 
which  soon  proved  to  be  of  a  violent  rheumatic  type.  He  was 
confined  several  weeks  at  the  Chesapeake  Hospital,  helpless, 
and  utterly  unable  to  move.  As  soon  as  he  was  partially 
recovered,  and  while  still  an  inmate  of  the  hospital  for  treat- 
ment, he  was  detailed  for  duty  as  chairman  of  a  military  com- 
mission established  at  Fortress  Monroe,  three  miles  from  the 
hospital,  for  the  trial  of  various  persons  charged  with  trading 
with  the  enemy,  guerrillas,  and  others.  At  the  conclusion  of 
this  duty,  finding  himself  sufficiently  recovered,  he  applied  for 


GENERAL    DEVENS.  323 

service  at  the  front,  when  he  was  assigned  as  Commander  of 
the  First  Division  of  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  then  under 
Major-General  Ord.  At  a  later  period  in  the  winter,  the  same 
division,  by  a  re-organization  of  the  corps  in  the  Army  of  the 
James,  became  the  Third  Division  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Corps, 
and  General  Devens  served  with  it  from  the  time  of  thus  taking 
command,  until  after  the  capture  of  Richmond.  Speaking  of 
the  surrender  of  the  rebel  capital,  General  Devens,  in  some 
remarks  before  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  James,  (of 
which  he  was  unanimously  chosen  president  at  its  first  meet- 
ing,) said : 

"  The  hour  for  which  the  wise  and  prudent  general  who  commanded 
our  armies,  had  long  waited,  and  the  time  for  the  fatal  blow,  approached. 
In  this  too,  the  Army  of  the  James,  now  under  command  of  General  Ord, 
was  to  take  its  part,  and  on  the  last  day  of  March,  Turner  and  Foster's 
Division  of  the  Twenty-fourth,  and  Birney's  Division  of  the  Twenty-fifth 
Army  Corps,  moved,  with  General  Gibbon  of  the  Twenty-fourth,  to  join 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  its  last  assault  upon  the  army  of  General 
Lee  ;  while  Kautz's  Division  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  and  Devens'  Division  of 
the  Twenty-fourth,  were  left  to  hold  the  lines  on  the  north  side  of  the 
James,  and,  should  the  attack  of  the  army  on  the  south  side  prove  success- 
ful, to  seize  Richmond.  The  results  of  that  glorious  conflict  you  know, 
and  it  was  the  good  fortune  of  the  troops  on  the  north  side,  to  be  the  first 
to  occupy  Richmond,  reaping,  indeed,  what  others  had  sown;  but  it  was 
much  to  lift  upon  those  rebel  towers  the  flag  of  our  Union,  and  to  be  the 
first  to  bring  again  that  symbol  of  liberty  and  law  to  the  strong  hold  of 
rebellion.  Even  here  there  were  hearts  that  throbbed,  and  eyes  that  were 
wet,  as  they  gazed  upon  its  starry  folds." 

It  should  be  added  that  the  works  of  the  enemy  were  first 
taken  possession  of  by  the  troops  of  General  Devens'  Division  ; 
and  by  a  telegram  from  him  to  General  Weitzel,  the  army  and 
the  country  were  first  apprised  that  the  rebel  stronghold  was 
in  our  hands,  and  that  the  war  was  virtually  over. 

Soon  after,  the  Hon.  D.  W.  Gooch,  then  Chairman  on  behalf 
of  the  House  of  the  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the  War, 
suggested  to  General  Grant  the  propriety  of  promoting  Gen- 
eral Devens.  He  immediately  replied  :  "  I  have  known  Gen- 
eral Devens  since  my  command  of  the  Potomac  Army.  I 
know  him  to  be  a  brave  and  meritorious  officer,  who  has  always 


324  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

done  his  duty  faithfully,  and  sometimes  remained  on  the  field 
when  his  wounds  would  have  justified  his  leaving.  I  will  ask 
promotion  for  him  the  first  time  I  go  to  the  War  Department." 
General  Devens,  in  accordance  with  his  distinguished  com- 
mander's request,  was  at  once  commissioned  Major-General 
by  Brevet,  for  gallantry  and  good  conduct  at  the  capture  of 
Richmond. 

He  remained  in  command  of  his  division  until  the  Twenty- 
fourth  Corps  was  mustered  out  of  service,  when  he  was 
appointed  District  Commander  of  the  North-east  District 
of  Virginia,  with  headquarters  at  Fredericksburg.  At  the 
end  of  August,  he  was  ordered  by  General  Grant  to  South 
Carolina,  where  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  District  of 
Charleston,  which  embraced  the  whole  of  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  state.  During  his  stay  in  South  Carolina,  owing  to 
the  absence  of  the  department  commander,  he  was  much  of 
the  time  in  command  of  the  department.  At  this  time  there 
was  no  organization  of  courts,  and  the  only  law  which  existed 
was  administered  by  the  provost-marshal  courts,  under  the 
orders  of  the  commanding  generals.  In  these  delicate  duties, 
the  legal  education  of  General  Devens  was  of  great  value,  and 
he  was  eminently  successful  in  winning  the  respect  of  both 
classes  of  the  population,  even  the  rebels  always  conceding 
that  his  decisions  were  fair  and  just.  At  his  departure,  the 
South  Carolina  Leader,  a  paper  owned  by,  and  in  the  interest 
of  the  colored  people,  speaking  of  a  new  military  arrangement, 
said : 

"  It  will  bring  some  changes  which  we  shall  regret ;  prominent  among 
them  will  be  the  loss  of  the  service  and  presence  of  Major-General 
Devens,  and  his  gentlemanly  staff,  who,  as  they  are  about  to  be  mustered 
out  of  service,  will  return  to  their  professions  in  civil  life.  General 
Devens  evidently  possesses  largely  those  rare  qualities  that  make  up  the 
brave  soldier  and  the  successful  military  leader,  whose  genial  nature  and 
high  sense  of  honor  and  justice,  fit  him  eminently  for  the  difficult  position 
of  Post  Commander,  in  which  he  has  been  so  successful  and  popular 
among  all  classes  here.  His  superior  legal  attainments  as  well  as  military 
bearing  and  skill  have  been  brought  into  requisition  for  the  last  six 
months,  and  have  rendered  him  equal  to  any  emergency.     Massachusetts 


GENERAL    DEVENS.  325 

will  be  proud  to  welcome  home  from  the  fields  of  army  life,  a  man  so 
richly  laden  with  the  well-earned  honors  of  war  as  General  Devens  ;  and 
that  he  may  be  as  successful  and  prosperous  in  peace  as  honored  in  war, 
is  the  wish  of  many  citizens." 

General  Devens  early  satisfied  himself  that  the  safety  of  the 
colored  people  demanded  that  they  should  have  the  ballot,  and 
that  they  could  not  be  protected  without  it. 

In  June,  1866,  General  Devens,  in  compliance  with  his  own 
repeated  request,  was  ordered  to  be  mustered  out  of  service 
in  Washington,  and,  after  a  period  of  five  years  and  three 
months,  was  restored  to  his  position  of  a  private  citizen.  At 
the  instance  of  Hon.  John  D.  Baldwin,  all  the  members  of  the 
Senate  and  House  from  Massachusetts,  signed  a  recommenda- 
tion that  he  should  be  retained  in  the  re-organization  of  the 
regular  army  ;  but  while  General  Devens  extremely  valued 
this  compliment  from  the  representatives  of  his  native  state, 
the  paper  was  not  presented,  as  he  was  determined  to  return 
to  his  profession.  He  resumed,  that  summer,  the  practice  of 
the  law  in  Worcester,  but  was,  in  April,  1867,  appointed  by 
Governor  Bullock,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  made  by  the  resignation  of  the  Hon.  Thomas 
Russell,  which  position  he  now  holds. 


326  WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER   XV. 

CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  —  REJOICINGS.— FESTIVITIES    ON   THE 
FOURTH  OF  JULY. 

In  the  preceding  chapters,  the  order  of  time  has  been  some- 
what anticipated,  for  the  sake  of  closing  up  the  annals  of  the 
several  regiments  which  were  in  service  at  the  end  of  the 
rebellion.  Our  task  of  following  the  troops  to  the  camp,  the 
bivouac,  the  march,  the  battle-field,  and  the  "imminent, 
deadly  breach,"  is  ended.  Henceforth  we  are  to  rejoice  in 
the  victory,  reverently  twine  a  wreath  for  the  dead,  and  gather 
up  the  good  results  of  the  struggle,  which  cost  so  much  of 
treasure  and  of  life,  but  which  gave  a  new  lease  of  life  to  free 
government. 

On  the  third  day  of  April,  1865,  the  following  despatches 
came  over  the  wires,  filling  all  hearts  with  wonder  and  joy. 

"  City  Point,  April  3,  8  :  30  a.m. 
This  morning  General  Grant  reports  Petersburg  evacuated, 
and  he  is  confident  that  Richmond  also  is.     He  is  pushing 
forward  to  cut  off,  if  possible,  the  retreating  army, 

A.  Lincoln." 

"  Washington,  April  3,  10  a.m. 
It  appears  from  a  despatch  of  General  Weitzel,  just  received 
by  this  department,  that  our  forces  under  his  command  are  in 
Richmond,  having  taken  it  at  8  :  15  this  morning. 

E.  M.  Stanton." 

As  soon  as  the  news  was  received  by  telegraph,  it  flew  over 
the  city  almost  instantaneously,  and  all  but  the  most  stolid, 
were  wild  with  delight.  The  rejoicing  was  not  over  a  victory 
merely,  but  over  the  fall  of  the  rebellion,  for  every  one  saw 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  32/ 

that  the  war  would  soon  be  ended.  Ringing  bells  and  roaring 
cannon  spoke  the  joy  and  gratitude  of  the  people,  because  of 
the  fall  of  Petersburg  and  Richmond.  Besides  the  lively 
demonstrations  in  the  city,  one  hundred  guns  were  fired  in 
Quinsigamond  Village.  Flags  and  streamers  were  flying  in 
every  direction.  The  citizens  greeted  each  other  with  the 
warmest  congratulations,  as  they  met  in  the  streets,  in  places 
of  business,  and  each  other's  houses.  Two  days  later  the 
Palladium  spoke  the  general  voice,  in  these  words  :  — 

"  We  have  this  week  the  glorious  news  of  the  fall  of  the  rebel  capital, 
Richmond.  It  carries  down  with  it  the  prestige  of  the  Confederacy.  .  .  . 
To  Div'ne  Providence  it  is  due,  most  manifestly,  that  this  great  nation  is 
coming  out  of  this  long  and  bitter  agony  with  a  success  that  will  in  time 
—  but  perhaps  not  just  yet  —  insure  the  triumph  of  the  democratic 
PRINCIPLE  in  government ;  which,  in  a  Republic,  \^  the  basis  of  all poptdar 
rights  -ssi^  freedoJii  from  all  those  great  wrongs  that  have  hitherto  made 
us  a  NATION  OF  SECTIONS,  instead  of  a  combined  and  harmonious  whole 
as  we  hope  hereafter  to  be.  The  struggle  and  the  result  demonstrate  how 
feeble  is  man  to  control  events.  It  is  well  that  such  should  be  the  lesson 
the  last  four  years  have  taught  us." 

Section  I.  —  Reception  of  the  News. 
The  telegrams  which  came  from  General  Grant's  army  from 
day  to  day,  only  deepened  the  conviction  that  the  time  of 
Lee's  surrender  was  near  at  hand.  By  Friday,  the  seventh  of 
April,  the  progress  and  success  of  our  forces,  in  pursuing, 
flanking  and  defeating  the  rebels,  left  no  doubt  of  the  final 
result.  The  excitement  burst  out  into  a  "clamorous  jubilee." 
In  the  afternoon  of  that  day,  the  news  of  continued  victories 
flew  like  wild-fire  through  the  city.  Hearty  cheers  were  heard 
on  all  sides.  Cannon  were  fired,  and  bells  were  rung  right 
merrily.  Every  whistle  in  the  shops  and  manufactories  gave 
its  loudest  screech  in  accord  with  the  more  melodious  tones 
of  the  bells,  which  rang  for  an  hour,  while  one  hundred  guns 
intensified  the  expression  of  the  people's  joy  The  whole 
population  poured  into  the  streets,  and  the  citizens  rushed 
hither  and  thither  with  mutual  congratulation.  But  little 
business  was  done  that  afternoon.     In  the  evening  there  was 


328  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

a  drizzling  rain,  but  it  did  not  in  tlie  least  dampen  the  ardor 
of  the  people,  who  filled  the  streets,  and  went  up  and  down, 
shouting  the  names  of  the  leading  generals,  and  cheering  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 

Quite  a  general  illumination  took  place  throughout  the  city. 
Without  concert,  spontaneously,  as  if  moved  by  a  common 
impulse,  the  lights  began  to  flash  from  house  to  house,  from 
store  to  shop  and  factory,  and  public  building,  till  Main  Street 
was  ablaze.  On  Court  House  Hill,  every  burner  in  the  two 
Court  Houses  and  in  Dr.  Hill's  church  was.  lighted,  and 
diffused  a  cheering  radiance  through  all  the  neighborhood. 
The  old  Salisbury  mansion  was  finely  illuminated.  From  the 
Bay  State  House  up  to  the  Spy  office,  there  was  an  almost 
continual  display  of  lights  and  decorations.  The  Bay  State 
House  was  a  mass  of  light.  Flagg's  Block,  from  across  the 
street,  flashed  back  the  joyous  blaze.  The  stores  of  Jenkins, 
Hamilton  &  Co.,  Barnard,  Sumner  &  Co.,  and  Horace  Sheldon, 
were  tastefully  decorated  and  lighted  up ;  the  Lincoln  House 
Block,  the  office  of  the  Provost  Marshal,  the  Telegraph  and 
Insurance  offices,  the  office  of  the  Gas  Company,  Butman's 
Block,  and  many  other  buildings,  were  brilliant  in  their  dis- 
plays. The  Bay  State  Shoe  Company  in  Austin  Street,  filled 
their  immense  building  with  jets,  which  shone  down  across 
Main  and  Southbridge  Streets.  Far  to  the  south,  fronting  the 
valley  of  the  Blackstone  and  Mill  Brook,  the  College  of  the 
Holy  Cross,  on  the  hillside,  sent  out  a  steady  blaze  from  every 
illuminated  window.  On  the  eastern  hill-top  the  Dale  Hos- 
pital "  threw  out  the  glare  of  more  than  ten  thousand  lights." 
From  the  lower  story  to  the  highest  turret,  it  was  filled  with 
points  of  fire,  and  was  visible  for  miles  away.  The  soldiers 
there,  though  sick  and  wounded,  made  the  finest  display  of 
the  night. 

The  residents  in  New  Worcester  and  Quinsigamond  Vil- 
lage were  not  to  be  outdone  in  the  expression  of  gladness. 
At  each  place  one  hundred  guns  were  fired,  and  other  demon- 
strations evinced  the  patriotic  exultation. 

The  ninth  was  Sunday,  and  there  was  grateful  thanksgiving 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  .  329 

in  the  private  and  public  devotions  of  tliat  day,  while  prayer 
was  offered,  at  home  and  in  the  sanctuary,  that  peace  might 
soon  be  restored.  Nor  did  the  people  have  long  to  wait  for 
the  cheering  intelligence.  Late  in  the  evening,  after  most 
had  retired  for  the  night,  the  news  was  flashed  along  that 
General  Lee  had  surrendered,  with  the  entire  army  of  Vir- 
gin ia>  who  were  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  General  Grant. 
The  despatch,  so  long  desired,  was  in  these  words  :  — 

Head-quarters  Armies  of  the  United  States. 
4  :  30  P.M.,  April  9. 

Hon.  E.  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War:  —  General 
Lee  surrendered  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia  this  after- 
noon, upon  the  terms  proposed  by  myself 

U.  S.  Grant,  Lieutenant-General. 

At  once  the  news  was  diffused  through  the  city  as  if  by 
magic,  "  John  Boyden's  secesh  bell,"  which  was  never  rung 
except  for  a  certain  victory,  roused  the  people  from  their 
beds.  Though  near  midnight,  the  church  bells  were  set 
a-ringing,  and  the  "  music  of  the  bells,  bells,  bells,"  was  con- 
tinued two  or  three  hours.  A  hundred  guns  were  fired  on  the 
Common.  Large  crowds  collected  in  various  places,  who 
made  the  "  welkin  ring  "with  their  shouts  of  joy.  In  an  in- 
credible short  space  of  time  almost  ever3'-body  seemed  to  be 
in  the  streets.  Bonfires  were  kindled  in  different  parts  of  the 
city,  and  many  buildings  were  hastily  illuminated.  There 
were  ten  large  bonfires  in  Main  Street  alone.  Night  seemed 
turned  into  day.  The  Fire  Department  turned  out,  formed  a 
procession,  and  visited  several  prominent  citizens,  among 
whom  were  Colonel  A.  H.  Bullock,  Hon.  Henry  Chapin,  Rev. 
Merrill  Richardson,  Rev.  T,  E.  St.  John,  Provost  Marshal 
Stone,  and  City  Marshal  Pratt.  These  gentlemen  responded 
in  the  most  earnest  and  exultant  speeches,  suited  to  the 
occasion  and  the  hour.  Not  till  daylight  did  the  crowd  begin 
to  diminish  in  the  streets,  when  the  rejoicing  citizens  retired 
to  snatch  a  few  hours  of  sleep. 

The  next  day,  was  given  up  to  rejoicing.     It  was  emphat- 


330  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

ically  a  great  day  in  Worcester.  The  excitement  was  kept  up 
through  the  clay  and  evening ;  many  shops  and  manufactories 
were  not  opened.  In  the  afternoon  there  was  a  general  sus- 
pension of  all  kinds  of  business.  The  schools  were  suspended 
for  the  day,  and  the  children  joined  in  the  demonstrations  of 
universal  delight.  One  hundred  guns  were  fired  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  also  at  noon,  by  the  State  Guard.  At  the  Dale 
Hospital  two  hundred  guns  spoke  the  sentiments  of  the 
soldiers,  in  the  loudest  tones. 

At  noon  there  was  a  procession  of  all  the  coal  carts  in  the 
city,  filled  with  workmen,  and  preceded  by  two  marshals,  with 
flags.  At  half-past  two,  the  entire  Fire  Department  paraded. 
The  men  and  the  machines  were  gaily  decorated  with  patriotic 
devices  and  banners.  They  were  accompanied  by  Goddard  & 
Riedl's  band.  The  flags  suspended  on  the  route  were  saluted 
by  them  with  rousing  cheers.  The  German  Turner's  Society 
made  an  attractive  display.  The  Frohsinn  Singing  Society 
was  out  in  a  large  omnibus,  the  members  singing  songs  of  the 
Fatherland.  Besides  these  there  were  calithumpians  and 
masqueraders,  etc.,  in  great  numbers.  W.  X.  Stevens  fired 
one  hundred  and  fifty  rounds  from  a  single  gun  of  his  Platoon 
Gun  Battery  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Maple  Streets. 

Notwithstanding  rain  and  mud,  the  crowd  which  thronged 
the  streets,  seemed  to  increase  as  evening  came  on,  and  the 
illuminations  and  transparencies  began  to  light  up  the  build- 
ings. The  display  was  much  greater  than  that  called  out  by 
the  news  of  the  fall  of  Richmond.  There  were  but  few  houses, 
stores  or  manufactories,  which  did  not  contribute  to  the 
general  demonstration.  The  Court  Houses,  the  First  Uni- 
tarian Church,  the  Salisbury  mansion  and  W.  A,  Smythe's 
block,  shed  a  bright  radiance  over  the  north  end  of  Main 
Street.  The  illumination  extended  as  far  up  as  Austin  Street, 
and  private  houses  were  lighted  up  far  beyond.  There  were 
elegant  decorations  on  many  stores  and  other  buildings. 
Clark's  Block  was  brilliant  with  lights.  Jenkins,  Hamilton  & 
Co.,  displayed  the  Goddess  of  Liberty,  with  the  national 
colors  suspended  from  the  beak  of  a  splendid  eagle.     J.   H. 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  33 1 

Clark's  store  had  a  stack  of  burnished  muskets  in  each  win- 
dow. At  Barnard,  Sumner  &  Cos.,  there  was  a  figure  of 
Grant  under  a  pavihon  of  red,  white  and  bkie,  in  miUtary 
dress,  with  the  inevitable  cigar.  Military  maps  were  scattered 
around.     This  was  a  great  attraction. 

The  Lincoln  House  Block  was  lighted  up  in  every  window. 
J.  D.  Chollar  made  a  display  of  Chinese  lanterns,  and  a 
transparency  with  the  name  of  Grant.  Upon  the  portico  of 
the  Post  Office  was  a  standing  figure  of  Jefferson  Davis, 
carpet-bag  in  hand,  and  a  demijohn  of  whiskey  under  the  arm, 
prepared  for  a  long  and  perilous  journey.  In  the  window  of 
D.  H.  Eames  &  Co.,  was  the  figure  of  an  "  American  Citizen," 
colored,  in  military  dress,  looking  as  if  he  had  rights  which  a 
white  man  was  bound  to  respect.  Putnam  Brothers  displayed 
a  Temple  of  Liberty.  D.  H.  O'Niel,  at  the  corner  of  Main 
and  Foster  Streets,  had  a  most  elegant  arrangement  of 
national  colors,  Horace  Sheldon  made  a  similar  display. 
The  City  Bank  Block  made  a  brilliant  appearance.  The  Gas 
Company,  on  Pearl  Street,  showed  a  design  of  brilliant  burn- 
ers —  three  stars,  a  blazing  heart,  and  the  word  victory. 
The  Police  Office  and  the  City  Marshall's  Office,  were  decor- 
ated with  flags  and  the  names  of  the  most  prominent  generals 
in  the  war. 

The  Bay  State  Shoe  Company,  on  Austin  Street,  again  illu- 
minated their  large  building.  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  was 
invited  to  be  present  and  address  the  proprietors,  workmen 
and  friends,  who  gathered  in  large  numbers.  Mr.  Riciiardson 
spoke  about  half  an  hour  in  his  happiest  vein.  All  this  time 
the  crowds  in  the  street  were  immense,  and  the  steady  rain 
did  not  seem  to  diminish  them. 

The  view  from  the  Common  was  very  fine,  almost  every 
dwelling  being  illuminated.  At  the  far  south  end,  the  College 
of  the  Holy  Cross  was  a  mass  of  light.  Private  dwellings  all 
over  the  city  displayed  more  or  less  lights  at  the  windows. 
During  the  evening  the  workmen  in  Crompton's  Loom  Works, 
paraded  the  streets,  in  long  procession,  with  banners,  and 
elegant   transparencies.      They    were   heartily  cheered    from 


332  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

point  to  point.  Bonfires  threw  a  glare  over  the  scene  from 
various  locaHties. 

At  Webster  Square  they  had  a  lively  demonstration. 
Cannon  were  fired  in  the  morning,  at  noon,  and  at  sunset. 
A  huge  bonfire,  fed  by  four  hundred  old  barrels,  threw  its 
light  far  into  the  evening  sky.  In  the  evening  the  houses 
were  illuminated.  A  meeting  was  held  which  was  addressed 
by  Charles  Hersey,  Esq.,  Rev.  Mr.  Pentecost,  and  the  Hon. 
John  D.  Baldwin.  The  day  finally  closed,  late  in  the  evening, 
without  accident  or  disturbance. 

Thursday,  the  thirteenth,  was  observed  as  Fast  Day,  by  the 
recommendation  of  President  Lincoln.  But  as  that  observ- 
ance was  followed,  only  two  days  later,  by  the  death  of  the 
beloved  President,  and  as  the  religious  services  served,  in  a 
measure,  to  prepare  the  people  for  that  great  bereavement, 
the  Fast  Day,  the  reception  of  the  intelligence  of  the  assassi- 
nation, and  the  funeral  observances,  will  all  be  comprised  in  a 
separate  chapter. 

But  as  the  general  and  unbounded  rejoicing  of  the  people 
on  account  of  the  return  of  peace,  the  preservation  of  the 
Union,  and  the  abolition  of  slavery,  culminated  in  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  Fourth  of  July,  the  account  of  that  day's  proceed- 
ings will  be  given  in  this  connection. 

Section  II.  —  The  Fourth  of  July. 
Says  the  Palladium  of  the  twelfth  of  July,  1865,  in   the 
opening  paragraph  of  its  account  of  the  celebration  :  — 

"  The  Fourth  of  July  was  celebrated  in  Worcester,  this  year,  as  never 
before  ;  for  it  had  a  double  meaning,  —  the  final  Independence  of  1865, 
superadded  to  the  Independence  of  1776.  No  discordant  spirit  prevailed  ; 
but  men  of  all  parties  came  together  in  patriotic  harmony,  and  took  part  in 
the  celebration  with  an  energy  and  a  will.  The  weather  was  unusually 
fine.  At  sunrise,  noon,  and  sunset,  the  church  bells  rung  out  their  joy- 
ous peals,  as  they  have  not  rung  before  since  181 5,  — half  a  century  ago, 
when  closed  a  three  years'  war  between  the  United  States  and  England, 
—  modified  only  by  the  loud-mouthed  cannon,  which  served  to  remind  all 
of  the  terrible  sacrifice  which  had  been  the  cost  of  the  war." 

The  following  account  of  the  celebration  has  been  some- 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  333 

what  abridged  from  an  excellent  report  in  the  Daily  Spy  of 
July  6,  1865,  prepared  by  Mr.  C.  C.  Baldwin. 

As  it  was  deemed  proper  that  the  celebration  should  far 
surpass  anything  of  the  kind  ever  before  seen  in  Worcester, 
the  City  Council  took  the  matter  in  hand,  and  at  a  meeting 
held  May  30,  appointed  a  joint  committee,  to  act  with  a  com- 
mittee of  the  citizens,  the  two  forming  a  general  committee, 
to  whom  all  things  pertaining  to  the  celebration  were  en- 
trusted. The  following  named  gentlemen  constituted  the 
committee :  — 

City  Council.  Citizens. 

Mayor  Ball,  James  B.  Blake, 

Harrison  Bliss,  J.  D.  Daniels, 

E.  C.  Cleveland,  Henry  A.  Marsh, 

William  E.  Starr,  Alzirus  Brown, 

George  R.  Peckham,  John  S.  Baldwin, 

Salisbury  Hyde,  Lucius  W.  Pond, 

William  B.  McIvor.  George  Sumner. 

The  Hon.  Phinehas  Ball  was  chosen  chairman,  and  Charles 
A.  Chase,  secretary.  It  was  decided  that  the  celebration 
should  combine  two  distinct  parts  ;  first,  an  ovation  to  the 
returned  soldiers  ;  and  second,  a  "  grand  procession  exhibiting 
the  industrial  pursuits  and  resources  of  the  city."  The  first 
part  was  to  be  in  the  morning,  and  the  second  in  the  after- 
noon, with  the  customary  salutes  and  bell-ringings  at  sunrise, 
noon,  and  sunset.  Numerous  citizens  were  appointed  as  sub- 
committees to  carry  out  the  details  of  the  celebration. 

The  Decorations. 

These  were  very  numerous  on  the  route  of  the  processions, 
and  some  of  them  were  very  elegant  in  design. 

The  first  and  finest  of  them  all  was  the  Triumphal  Arch 
erected  by  the  city  across  Main  Street,  opposite  Harrington 
Corner.  This  arch  was  built  under  the  direction  of  a  com- 
mittee consisting  of  Henry  A,  Marsh,  J.  S.  Pinkham,  and  D. 
H.  Eames.  It  was  forty  feet  high,  and  extended  the  width  of 
the  street,  fifty  and  a  half  feet,  with  four  supports.  The 
wooden   frame-work   was    covered   with    white    cotton    cloth, 


334  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

over  which  were  dehcately  arranged  trimmings  of  evergreen 
and  brilliant  streamers.  On  the  south  side  of  the  upper 
facing  of  the  arch,  was  the  motto :  "  The  Heart  of  the  Com- 
monwealth greets  the  Defenders  of  the  Union  ; "  and  on  the 
reverse  these  words  :  "  All  Honor  to  our  Gallant  Army  and 
Navy."  Between  the  pedestals  on  each  side  were  printed  the 
names  of  the  principal  engagements  in  which  the  Worcester 
county  regiments  had  participated,  as  follows :  Ball's  Bluff, 
Roanoke,  Newbern,  Camden,  Fair  Oaks,  Malvern  Hill, 
Second  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Kinston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro',  Blue 
Springs,  Campbell's  Station,  Knoxville,  Port  Hudson,  Galves- 
ton, Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor, 
Petersburg,  Poplar  Grove  Church,  Weldon  Railroad,  New 
Market,  Piedmont,  Lynchburg,  Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill, 
Drury's  Bluff,  Cedar  Creek,  Arrowfield  Church,  Jackson,  Fort 
Gregg,  Hatcher's  Run,  Fort  Steadman,  Richmond.  In  the 
evening  the  brilliant  lighting  of  this  structure  revealed  the 
words  "  Liberty  and  Union." 

The  Memorial  Arch,  opposite  the  post  office,  —  Exchange 
Building  —  also  built  by  the  city  under  the  direction  of  Henry 
Woodward  and  Charles  B.  Whiting,  was  forty  feet  high  and 
sixty  feet  broad,  and  was  draped  with  black  over  white 
ground-work.  It  bore  the  inscription  on  the  south  side,  "  In 
Memory  of  the  Fallen,"  and  on  the  reverse,  "  Give  me  the 
Death  of  Those  who  for  their  Country  Die."  A  cross  sur- 
mounted the  structure.  This  arch  looked  magnificently  in 
the  evening  when  lighted  up  with  gas,  the  white  back-ground 
giving  an  indescribably  fine  effect  to  the  flood  of  light.  The 
evening  inscription  was  "  In  Memoriam." 

The  Rustic  Arch  across  Main  Street,  opposite  School 
Street,  was  tastefully  and  thoroughly  trimmed  with  evergreen. 
This  arch  was  also  lighted  up  in  the  evening  with  splendid 
effect.  It  was  erected  by  the  city  under  the  direction  of 
George  C.  Boyden. 

An  arch  tastefully  trimmed,  opposite  Stephen  Salisbury's 
house  on  Highland  Street,  bore  the  mottoes  "  To  be  Free  is 
to  be  Strong,"  and  "  Reap  the  Fields  your  Valor  Won." 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  335 

An  arch  on  Harvard  Street  opposite  William  Street,  erected 
by  Joseph  Chase,  Esq.,  was  quite  elaborate,  its  decorations  of 
evergreen,  and  flags  surmounted  by  a  large  painted  transpa- 
rency bearing  the  inscription  "  Your  Valor  and  Devotion 
have  Saved  the  Flag  !  —  Thanks." 

At  the  residence  of  Hartley  Williams  were  fine  decorations, 
with  the  inscription,  "  Soldiers,  you  have  Crushed  Treason, 
Ended  the  Rebellion,  and  Saved  the  Country  —  Welcome." 

The  stores  and  dwellings  along  the  route  were  very  gen- 
erally trimmed  for  the  occasion.  Barnard,  Sumner  &  Co.'s 
store  was  profusely  and  handsomely  decorated.  Two  ele- 
gantly arranged  shields  bore  inscriptions  ;  on  one,  "  Welcome 
the  Returned  —  Victory,"  and  on  the  other,  "  Remember  the 
Fallen  —  Peace."  Jenkins,  Hamilton  &  Co.'s  was  also  finely 
arranged,  with  the  mottoes  "  Peace  through  Victory,"  "  Army 
and  Navy,"  the  names  of  the  heroes,  Grant,  Sherman,  and 
Sheridan,  of  the  army,  and  Farragut,  Porter  and  Dupont,  of 
the  navy,  wreathed  with  the  national  colors,  the  last  bearing 
an  appropriate  mourning  emblem.  At  W.  L.  Gray's  a  motto 
was  displayed  as  follows  :  — 

"  Sound  the  loud  cannon,  let  every  flag  fly, 
And  honor  forever  the  Fourth  of  July." 

A  flag  at  the  north  end  of  Main  Street  bore  the  motto,  "  The 
Peaceful  Arts  sustained  by  Patriot  Arms  defended."  At  No. 
14  Harvard  Street,  the  residence  of  Elbridge  Boyden,  was 
discovered  an  evergreen  bower,  wherein  was  standing  a  young 
lady  personating  the  Goddess  of  Liberty  treading  the  serpent 
of  secession  under  her  feet.  This  representation  caused  loud 
and  continued  cheering  from  the  soldiery  as  they  passed. 
The  arch  erected  by  Charles  W.  Smith,  Esq.,  near  his  resi- 
dence on  Elm  Street,  spanning  both  Elm  and  Chestnut 
Streets,  merits  more  than  casual  mention  by  its  simple  and 
tasty  elegance.  The  four  pillars  were  wreathed,  and  bore  the 
names  of  the  principal  battles  and  the  chief  heroes  of  the  war. 
Pipes  crossing  each  other  at  the  top,  rested  on  these  pillars, 
and  wreathed  with  evergreen  and   trimmed  with   streamers. 


336  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

formed  unique  and  graceful  arches.  Above  the  whole  rested 
an  eagle.  There  were  four  mottoes,  one  over  the  opening  of 
each  arch,  as  follows  :  "  America's  Debt  to  her  Citizens  she  can 
pay  —  that  to  her  Soldiers,  never  ; "  "  America  lives,  though 
many  of  her  noble  Sons  have  died  to  save  her  ; "  "  The  Union 
saved.  Slavery  destroyed,  by  the  brave  Boys  in  Blue,"  and 
"  Honor  to  Those  who  are  not  Afraid  to  Die  for  their  Country." 

The  residence  of  Hon.  Levi  Lincoln  looked  finely,  the 
large  white  columns  in  front  being  twined  with  red  and  blue 
cloth  of  the  richest  colors.  The  venerable  ex-governor  stood 
upon  the  walk  as  the  soldiers  passed,  and  was  saluted  by  them 
with  hearty  cheering. 

The  arch,  corner  of  Elm  and  West  Streets,  erected  by 
Charles  Allen,  Jr.,  bore  on  the  east  side  the  motto,  "  The  only 
National  Debt  that  we  can  never  pay  —  our  Debt  of  Gratitude 
to  the  Soldiers."  On  the  reverse  side  were  the  following 
words  from  President  Lincoln's  speech  at  Gettysburg,  "  The 
Nation  shall,  under  God,  have  a  New  Birth  of  Freedom." 

There  were  several  places  on  the  route  where  beautiful 
young  girls  in  appropriate  costume  represented  little  tableaux, 
which  received  merited  applause.  Of  other  residences  besides 
those  above  mentioned,  which  were  decorated,  there  is  not 
space  to  mention  all ;  but  those  of  D.  S.  Messinger  on  Chest- 
nut Street,  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  and  Hon.  P.  Emory  Aldrich, 
on  Elm  street,  and  of  E.  N.  Childs  and  Dr.  O.  Martin,  on 
Pleasant  Street,  were  very  noticeable. 

An  arch  erected  by  George  Crompton,  Esq.,  opposite  his 
loom  works  on  Green  Street,  was  pronounced  by  many  who 
saw  it,  the  neatest  of  any  in  the  city.  It  was  thirty  feet  high, 
thirty-two  feet  wide,  and  draped  with  evergreen,  and  arranged 
with  mottoes,  with  a  very  handsome  representation  of  the 
Goddess  of  Liberty  over  the  top  of  the  arch.  The  goddess 
was  of  the  classic  days,  with  staff  and  cap  and  shield,  and  with 
light  drapery  of  blue  with  silver  stars.  This  arch  was  illumi- 
nated in  the  evening. 

The  signal  arch  at  the  crossing  of  the  Western  railroad, 
near  W,   H.  Jourdan's  office,  was  trimmed   by  Mr.  Jourdan 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  337 

with  flags  and  evergreens,  and  in  the  evening  with  lanterns. 
There  were  many  decorations  in  the  city  besides  those  noticed 
above  on  the  routes  of  the  processions. 

The  Processions. 
The  procession  in  the  morning,  and  that  in  the  afternoon, 
were  both  under  the  direction  of  the  following  gentlemen  as 
marshals. 

Chief  Marshal,  James  B.  Blake. 
Aides,  Aides, 

Dr.  F.  H.  Kelley,  E.  B.  Stoddard, 

Charles  A.  Chase,  J.  D.  Daniels, 

E.  A.  Harkness,  J.  Marble, 

C.  B,  Whiting,  H.  M.  Witter. 

Marshals, 

Alzirus  Brown,  George  Crompton, 

Edwin  A.  Wood,  George  S.  Barton, 

T.  W.  Wellington. 

Assistant  Marshals, 

R.  M.  Gould,  W.  A.  Swallow, 

A.  B.  Lovell,  Joseph  Reideout, 

A.  W.  Ward,  S.  E.  Coombs, 

J.  D.  E.  Jones,  J.  W.  Jordan, 

John  K.  Tiffany,  George  E.  Boyden, 

J.  D.  Chollar,  H.  a.  Marsh, 

W.  E,  Rice,  '  D.  M.  Woodward, 

S.  Salisbury,  Jr.  Dr.  F.  H.  Rice, 

Patrick  Nugent,  J.  S.  Pinkham, 

O.  K.  Earle,  D.  W.  Bemis, 

Nathaniel  Paine,  H.  Bliss,  Jr. 

Timothy  K.  Earle,  P,  Roynan. 

The  marshals,  aides,  etc.,  met  on  West  Street,  at  half-past 
seven  o'clock,  mounted,  with  sashes,  rosettes,  etc.,  designating 
their  rank,  and  rode  via  Lincoln  Square  and  Main  Street  to 
the  City  Hall,  where  each  was  assigned  to  his  position. 

At  eight  o'clock  the  returned  soldiers  reported  on  Portland 
Street,  whence  they  marched  through  Park,  Trumbull  and 
Front  Streets,  to  Horticultural  Hall.  Here  the  disabled 
soldiers  and  the  naval  corps  joined  them,  and  every  man  was 
furnished  with  a  boquet  of  flowers  at  the  hands  of  the  ladies. 
The  Horticultural  Society,  through  their  Secretary,  E.  W. 
Lincoln,  Esq.,  took  the  initiative  in  providing  the  flowers. 


338  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

Two  long  vehicles,  the  boat-sleigh  "  Challenge "  of  the 
Worcester  Horse  Railroad,  and  a  long  omnibus,  both  appro- 
priately decorated  with  flags,  and  evergreens,  and  banners, 
bore  the  disabled  soldiers.  The  mottoes  on  the  boats  were : 
"  Any  Sacrifice  for  the  Republic  is  cheerfully  made ;  "  and, 
"  Our  Limbs  are  lost,  but  our  Country  is  saved." 

A  faded  flag  which  had  floated  above  the  head  of  Farragut 
on  his  flag-ship  Hartford  at  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip,  was 
borne  by  the  naval  heroes.  "  The  jolly  tars  were  proud  of 
their  flag,  and  could  have  had  no  more  fitting  emblem,  speak- 
ing as  it  did  of  one  of  the  best  of  naval  commanders,  and  of 
some  of  the  most  noble  achievements  of  the  navy." 

Five  bands  of  music  were  in  attendance,  including  the  band 
of  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment,  and  the  Worcester  Cornet 
Band,  led  respectively  by  J.  P.  Griffin  and  N.  P.  Goddard. 
There  were  in  all  eighty-seven  instruments. 

All  citizens  of  Worcester  and  vicinity  who  had  been  honor- 
ably discharged  from  the  army  or  navy,  or  who  were  still  in 
service,  were  invited  to  join  the  procession,  and  receive  the 
homage  of  admiration  and  gratitude  from  the  people.  The 
invitation  was  responded  to  quite  generally,  and  every  regi- 
ment that  went  from  Worcester  county  was  represented. 
Says  the  report :  — 

"  The  Sixth  Regiment  was  represented  by  about  twenty-five  men  of  the 
Old  Worcester  Light  Infantry,  who  went  through  Baltimore  in  1861. 
Captain  J.  A.  Lovell  was  in  command.  They  carried  their  old  company 
flags,  three  in  number. 

The  Third  Battalion  Rifles  was  represented  by  about  twenty-five  men 
under  Major  M.  McConville. 

The  Fifteenth  Regiment,  of  which  veteran  organization  about  a  hundred 
were  expected  to  fall  into  line,  did  not  receive  their  flag,  Governor  An- 
drew refusing  their  request  for  the  privilege  of  using  the  colors  given 
them  by  the  ladies  of  Worcester.  These  heroes  of  many  battles,  and 
sufferers  in  rebel  prisons,  were  so  disappointed  that  they  made  no  appear- 
ance in  the  procession  ;  but  they  were  not  forgotten  by  the  people  of 
Worcester,  if  by  Governor  Andrew.* 


*  The  above  expresses  the  feeling  of  the  time  ;  but  Governor  Andrew  afterwards  explained  that 
he  was  governed  by  a  general  rule  which  could  not  be  safely  broken. 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  339 

The  Twenty-first  Regiment  —  about  forty  men,  among  them  Sergeant 
Plunkett.  The  only  officers  present  were  Major  Harlow  and  Captain 
Valentine.  They  carried  the  tattered  and  battle  begrimed  colors  of  this 
valorous  and  renowned  organization. 

The  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  —  about  eighty  men,  with  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Moulton,  and  Captains  Denny,  Wageley  and  Goodwin.  They  carried 
the  old  flag  presented  by  the  ladies  of  Worcester  ;  also  three  rebel  flags 
captured  at  Newbern  by  Co.  H. 

The  Twenty-eighth  Regiment  were  about  a  dozen  men  under  Captain 
Trainer,  who  formed  a  portion  of  the  Worcester  company  in  that  regi- 
ment. 

The  Thirty-fourth  Regiment,  was  pretty-well  represented  on  this  occa- 
sion, and  received  particular  notice  on  the  route.  They  numbered  about  one 
hundred  and  thirty,  with  the  following  officers,  Colonel  Lincoln,  Captains 
Willard,  Goodrich  and  Walker,  Quarter-master  Rowland,  Lieutenant 
Cutler.  They  carried  the  national  colors  and  state  flag,  which  the  regi- 
ment upheld  so  honorably  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  marched  to  the 
music  of  their  own  military  band. 

The  Thirty-sixth  Regiment  also  appeared  with  their  old  colors.  They 
numbered  about  seventy.  The  officers  present  were  Major  Raymond, 
Captains  Morse  and   Davidson,  and  Lieutenants  Cross  and  Boswell. 

The  Forty-second  Regiment  was  represented  by  about  seventy  men 
of  the  three  companies  organized  in  this  vicinity.  The  officers  with  the 
battalion  were  Major  Stiles,  Captains  Cogswell,  Eddy  and  Ford,  and 
Lieutenants  Jennings  and  Aldrich. 

The  Fiftieth  Regiment  was  represented  by  about  thirty  men  of  the 
company  raised  in  this  city,  under  Lieutenant  Hayes. 

I'he  Fifty-first  Regiment  numbered  about  eighty  men,  and  the  follow- 
ing officers  :  Lieutenant-Colonel  Studley,  Major  Harkness,  Captains 
Ward,  Baldwin,  Hobbs  and  Goodell,  Lieutenants  Peck,  Bigelow,  Dodd 
and  Thayer.  They  were  unable  to  get  their  old  flag  from  the  State 
House,  but  they  improvised  a  flag  for  the  occasion. 

The  Fifty-seventh  had  about  thirty  representatives,  under  Captain  John 
Goodwin  and  Lieutenant  Jonas  Peacock.  They  carried  a  tattered  battle 
flag  ;    none  more  battle-worn  came  out  of  the  Wilderness  fights. 

The  Sixtieth  Massachusetts,  the  soldiers  of  Dale  Hospital,  the  naval, 
reserve,  and  soldiers  of  other  organizations,  added  to  the  military  and 
civil  escort ;  the  floral  representations  and  the  bands  swelled  the  column 
to  large  proportions." 

By  invitation  of  the  committee  of  arrangements,  Colonel 
JosiAH  Pickett,  late  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  took  command  of 
the  military  portion  of  the  procession,  assisted  by  the  follow- 
ing staff:  Colonel  A.  B.  R.  Sprague,  Captain  E.  P.  Woodward, 


340  WORCESTER    IN    THE   WAR. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  A.  A.  Goodell,  Captain  Henry  Valentine, 
Major  C.  G.  Atwood,  Captain  J.  M.  Drennen,  Lieutenant 
Levi  Lincoln,  Jr. 

The  procession  formed  on  Park  Street,  and  moved  promptly 
at  half-past  nine  o'clock,  in  the  following  order : 

City  Marshal, 

Platoon  of  Police, 

Worcester  Cornet  Band, 

Escort,  Colonel  D.  M.  Woodward  Commander, 

Worcester  City  Guard, 

Company  of  State  Guards,  No.  i, 

Aides,  Chief  Marshal,  Aides, 

Newton  Cornet  Band, 

City  Government,  with  Invited  Guests, 

Aide,        Emblem  —  "  Peace  through  Victory."  —        Aide, 

Aide,  Goddess  of  Liberty,  Aide, 

Shrewsbury  Band, 

Sixth  Massachusetts  Regiment, 

Third  Battalion, 

Twenty-first  Regiment, 

Twentv-fifth  Regiment, 

Twenty-eighth  Regiment, 

Naval  Corps, 

Aide,        Emblem  —  "Pen  and  Sword." —        Aide, 

Disabled  Soldiers  in  Carriages, 

Thirty-fourth  Regiment  Band, 

Thirty-fourth  Regiment, 

Thirty-sixth  Regiment, 

Forty-Second  Regiment, 

Fiftieth  Regiment, 

Fifty-first  Regiment, 

Fifty-seventh  Regiment, 

Sixtieth  Regiment, 

Members  of  other  Regiments  and  Unattached  Companies, 

Brookline  (N.  H.)  Band, 

Aide,  Marshal,  Aide, 

Union  —  Thirty-six  Young  Ladies, 
Aide,  Marshal,  Aide, 

Dale  Hospital  Soldiers, 
Aide,  Aide. 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  34I 

The  Emblems. 
Among  the  most  prominent  and  beautiful  features  of  the 
procession,  were  four  emblematic  representations,  viz.,  "  Peace 
through  Victory,"  "  Goddess  of  Liberty,"  "  Pen  and  Sword," 
and  "  Union."  These  were  so  prettily  designed  and  exe- 
cuted, that  a  full  description  of  them  will  be  copied  from  the 
Spy.  As  the  description  of  a  similar  pageant  at  the  close  of 
the  Revolution,  would  be  intensely  interesting  to  those  now 
living,  so  will  this  be  to  those  who  shall  live  here  in  coming 
generations. 

"  The  first  emblem  —  '  Peace  through  Victory,'  represented  twelve 
young  ladies  clothed  in  white,  with  laurel  wreaths  and  bearing  palms. 
The  car  was  decorated  with  palms  and  bay,  and  drawn  by  four  led  horses, 
clothed  in  white,  and  decorated  with  laurel  and  bay.  In  the  centre  a 
figure  with  full  armor  was  seen  ;  also  the  figure  of  a  Roman  soldier,  bearing 
a  battle-flag  furled,  and  the  white  flag  of  peace  flying  from  the  same  staiT. 

The  '  Goddess  of  Liberty '  followed,  in  a  car  surmounted  with  the 
the  American  eagle  bearing  four  flags  in  its  beak,  and  underneath  the 
motto,  '  Peerless  in  Peace,  Invincible  in  War.'  Over  the  car  was  a  can- 
opy resting  on  four  supporters,  each  one  trimmed  with  evergreen.  The 
seat  and  platform  were  draped  with  flags.  Here  was  seated  the  peerless 
Goddess,  with  right  arm  resting  upon  the  bundle  of  sticks  which  repre- 
sented union,  and  hand  grasping  the  staff,  surmounted  by  the  liberty  cap. 
The  shield  was  by  her  left  knee.  Her  dress  was  plain  white,  with  dra- 
pery trimmed  with  blue,  and  ornamented  with  silver  stars  ;  and  a  wreath 
of  laurel  was  about  her  head.  The  car  was  drawn  by  four  noble  horses, 
each  one  led  by  a  soldier  from  Dale  Hospital,  who  very  kindly  volunteered 
their  services. 

These  preceded  the  returned  soldiers  in  the  procession.  Following  the 
naval  corps,  and  preceding  the  disabled  soldiers,  came  the  emblem  of  the 
'  The  Pen  and  Sword.'  A  sword  and  pen  were  seen  on  a  standard  in  the 
center,  with  the  words,  '  Sword  of  Grant,'  and  '  Pen  of  Lincoln.'  A 
shield  beneath  a  banner  at  the  front  was  inscribed  '  Victory.'  Beneath  a 
scroll  extending  from  corner  post  to  corner  post,  were  the  words,  '  Union 
Forever.'  The  corner  posts  were  surmounted  by  two  small  Union 
shields  inscribed  '  1776 '  and  '  1865  ; '  at  the  rear  of  the  platform  a  banner 
inscribed  '  Emancipation  ; '  beneath  a  scroll,  extending  from  corner  post 
to  corner  post,  '  Victory  or  Death,'  an  arch  on  one  side,  in  the  centre  of 
the  top  of  which  was  a  photograph  of  Lincoln,  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of 
white  liHes,  was  inscribed  '  Forever  Free  ;  '  beneath  sat  a  negro  boy  ;  an 
arch  on  the  other  side,  in  the  centre  of  which  was  a  photograph  of  Grant 


342  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  laurel,  was  inscribed  '  Unconditional  Surren- 
der ; '  beneath  was  a  small  cannon.  The  whole  was  decorated  with 
festoons  of  evergreens  and  with  bunting,  while  the  Pen  and  Sword 
were  surmounted  by  a  wreath  of  red,  white  and  blue  flowers. 

Almost  at  the  end  of  the  procession,  and  preceding  the  Dale  Hospital 
Soldiers,  came  thirty-six  young  ladies  of  the  Worcester  High  School,  rep- 
resenting '  Union.'  A  tall  and  heavy  staff,  handsomely  surmounted  and 
decorated  with  flowers,  was  fitted  to  a  platform,  borne  by  four  men. 
From  the  top  of  the  staff  streamers  of  red,  white  and  blue  alternated,  and 
were  held  by  the  ladies  who  represented  states,  each  one  of  whom  held 
one,  and  all  were  arranged  in  a  body  about  the  staff.  The  dresses  of  the 
young  ladies  were  white,  with  laurel  festoonings  upon  the  skirts,  and  with 
laurel  belts.  Each  lady  wore  upon  her  left  shoulder,  the  coat  of  arms  of 
the  state  she  represented.  This  was  pronounced  the  finest  feature  of  the 
procession,  and  it  was  essentially  different  from  the  usual  method  of  rep- 
resentation, the  ladies  walking  instead  of  riding.  This,  with  the  prece- 
ding emblems,  drew  the  admiring  plaudits  of  the  people. 

The  procession  moved  from  Park- Street,  through  Main,  Highland, 
Harvard,  Chestnut,  Elm,  West,  Pleasant  and  Main  Streets  to  Lincoln 
Square,  and  countermarched  on  Main  Street  to  Mechanics  Hall,  where 
the  complimentary  breakfast  to  the  returned  soldiers  had  been  laid  out 
under  direction  of  the  city  government.  The  soldiers,  and  the  Worcester, 
Brookline  and  Thirty-fourth  Regiment  bands  were  conducted  to  their 
places  at  the  tables,  and  the  stage  was  occupied  by  tlie  city  government, 
and  marshals  and  aides." 

As  the  procession  arrived  at  Mechanics  Hall,  a  beautiful 
American  flag  was  seen  suspended  over  Main  Street,  several 
hundred  feet  in  the  air,  gaily  fluttering  in  the  breeze,  and 
brilliantly  illuminated  by  the  noonday  sun.  It  was  attached 
to  the  string  of  a  kite,  which  some  patriotic  youth  had  flown, 
and  was  a  beautiful  and  thrilling  sight. 

The  Shrewsbury  and  Newton  bands  marched  to  the  music- 
stands  on  the  Common,  and  entertained  the  crowds  till  noon 
with  their  best  music. 

Mechanics  Hall  was  appropriately  draped  in  red,  white  and 
blue,  and  finely  decorated  with  designs,  drawn  and  pointed  by 
T.  M.  Woodward.  On  the  front  of  the  gallery  opposite  the 
stage  was  the  motto  : 

"The  soldiers  of  '65,  worthy  sons  of  the  patriots  of  '"^^l' 
flanked  by  shields  bearing  the  dates  "  1775,"  "  1865." 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  343 

On  the  right  gallery  was  the  motto  : 

"  Honor  to  our  Army  and  Navy,"  and  on  the  left,  — 
"  While  Honoring  the  Living,  we  Mourn  the  Fallen." 

On  each  side  of  the  hall  were  elegant  shields,  bearing  the 
mottoes  : 

"  Soldiers  of  Liberty,  you  are  Welcome  to  the  Heart 
of  the  Commonwealth,"  and  "  Welcome  our  Defenders  — 
Victory." 

The  galleries  were  crowded  with  spectators,  and  the 
heroes  were  welcomed  with  loud  applause." 

The  Dinner  and  the  Speeches. 
Mayor  Ball  opened  the  formal  exercises  at  the  dinner 
table,  by  an  appropriate  speech  of  welcome.  He  began  by  re- 
ferring to  the  fourth  of  July,  1776,  as  historic  in  the  annals  of 
our  country,  and  forever  associated  with  the  great  principle 
that  all  men  are  "  created  free  and  equal "  in  regard  to  their 
rights.  He  then  spoke  of  the  antagonism  between  this 
principle  of  freedom,  embodied  in  our  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  the  institution  of  slavery,  which  had  involved 
us  in  a  terrible,  fratricidal  war.  This  war,  however,  had 
resulted  in  eliminating  from  our  institutions  and  our  country, 
the  great  curse  and  shame  which  had  been  our  reproach  from 
the  beginning,  and  the  present  fourth  of  July  was  a  new 
point  of  departure  in  the  annals  of  our  country.  Henceforth 
we  are  "  all  free,"  and  we  shall  become  homogeneous,  in  the 
progress  of  events,  when  liberty  shall  be  recognized,  in  all 
parts  of  the  land,  as  the  birthright  of  all  born  on  our  soil.  In 
the  great  fight  against  treason,  and  for  impartial  freedom,  the 
soldiers  of  this  city  had  bravely  borne  their  part,  and  now 
the  city  rises  up  to  do  them  honor.     He  continued  : 

"  A  just  and  noble  pride  is  yours,  that  your  record  in  your  country's 
cause  was  so  promptly  commenced  in  the  beginning  of  the  war,  and  that 
it  has  been  continued  with  such  constancy  during  the  entire  strife.  Upon 
this  worthy  record  we  congratulate  you.  But  for  these  blessings  of  vic- 
tories over  our  enemies,  let  us  never  forget  to  give  praise  and  grateful 
acknowledgments  to  God  for  his  interposition  in  our  behalf  Nor  let 
those  pass  from  our  remembrance  and  kindly  care,  who  with  chastened 


344  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  afflicted  hearts,  to-day,  while  rejoicing  in  our  country's  prosperity,  are 
bowed  in  silent  grief,  that  all  these  glorious  successes  have  been  purchased 
at  such  an  immense  sacrifice  of  so  many  loved  and  honored  ones,  who 
never  more  can  come  ;  or  returning,  return  with  their  capacity  of  useful- 
ness much  diminished  or  totally  lost. 

In  conclusion,  let  us  here  renew  our  mutual  pledges,  that  whatever 
duties  civil  life  may  hereafter  impose  for  our  care  or  performance,  integ- 
rity of  action  shall  always  be  ours,  that  the  nation's  history  may  proceed  in 
one  unbroken  stream  in  favor  of  justice  and  liberty  for  all  men,  until  civil 
freedom  shall  bless  and  elevate  every  member  of  the  state,  and  all  shall 
be  free  in  the  highest  and  best  sense  of  civil  freedom." 

Colonel  Pickett,  who  came  forward  amid  great  applause, 
responded  as  follows  :  ' 

"  Mayor  Bad  and  Citizens  of  Worcester  :  —  On  behalf  of  these  brave 
men,  who,  after  conquering  treason,  re-establishing  the  government  on  a 
secure  foundation,  and  securing  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  all,  have  now 
returned  to  you  in  triumph,  I  tender  you  my  most  sincere  thanks  for  this 
magnificent  ovation,  and  the  honor  you  have  bestowed  on  them  this 
day. 

I  can  assure  you  it  gives  us  the  greatest  gratification  to  know  that  our 
services  are  so  highly  appreciated  by  our  friends  and  fellow  citizens  at 
home,  and  even  as  our  conduct  as  soldiers  has  elicited  your  unqualified 
approval,  so  may  we  ever  continue  to  merit  your  confidence  as  citizens, 
maintaining  the  true  principles  of  right  and  justice,  and  always  ready  to 
respond  to  the  call  of  duty." 

The  divine  blessing  was  then  invoked  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hill, 
after  which  the  guests  partook  of  the  collation,  while  Mr.  C. 
C.  Stearns  performed  patriotic  airs  upon  the  organ. 

After  dinner,  the  Mayor  called  to  order,  and  read  the  fol- 
lowing sentiment : 

"  We  have  given  our  limbs  that  our  country  might  live." 

Rev.  George  S.  Ball  of  Upton,  formerly  chaplain  of  the 
Twenty-first  Regiment,  responded.  He  began  by  alluding 
facetiously  to  the  good  health  of  the  soldiers,  indicated  by  the 
readiness  with  which  they  took  their  rations,  and  expressed 
his  belief  that  they  needed  no  quinine,  having  received  stimu- 
lus enough  to  ward  off  fever  for  a  long  time  in  the  warmth  of 
the  reception  of  to-day,  and  then  read  General  Grant's  con- 
gratulatory order  to  the  soldiers,  to  which  the  soldiers 
responded  with  loud .  and  hearty  cheers. 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  345 

As  showing  the  havoc  of  war,  and  the  wide-spread  mourn- 
ing caused  thereby,  he  stated  as  a  fact  that  over  five  hundred 
commissioned  officers  from  Massachusetts  had  died  from  the 
casualties  of  the  war.     Continuing  : 

''  He  referred  to  incidents  in  his  own  experience  in  the  field,  showing  the 
spirit  of  self-sacrifice  pervading  the  army,  and  the  courage  and  bravery 
of  those  who  have  sufiered.  He  said  that  on  the  eight  or  nine  battle- 
fields where  he  had  had  experience,  he  knew  nothing  of  the  groans  of  the 
battle-field.  He  heard  no  groans  or  murmurs  ;  they  were  too  strong  to 
give  expression  to  their  pain,  and  in  thinking  of  their  fate,  we  can  sing 
with  the  poet  Collins  : 

'  How  sleep  the  brave,  who  sink  to  rest, 
By  all  their  country's  wishes  blessed ! 
When  spring,  with  dewy  fingers  cold, 
Returns  to  deck  their  hallowed  mould. 
She  there  shall  dress  a  sweeter  sod 
Than  Fancy's  feet  have  ever  trod. 

By  fairy  hands  their  knell  is  rung ; 
By  forms  unseen  their  dirge  is  sung, 
There  Honor  comes,  a  pilgrim  gray, 
To  bless  the  turf  that  wraps  their  clay  ; 
And  Freedom  shall  a  while  repair. 
To  dwell  a  v.reeping  hermit  there  ! ' " 

Colonel  William  S.  Lincoln  spoke  in  response  to  the  follow- 
ing sentiment : 

"  By  Heaven's  indulgence  we  return  to  enjoy  and  perfect 
what  we  have  defended." 

He  paid  a  tribute  to  those  who  first  met  the  urgent  call  of 
the  country  when  the  rebellion  broke  out,  and  referred  with 
special  honor  to  the  Sixth  Regiment,  of  which  the  old  Wor- 
cester Light  Lifantry  formed  a  part,  and  also  to  the  other 
organizations  which  then  marched  from  the  city.  The  regi- 
ments that  subsequently  went  into  the  war,  came  in  for  a 
share  of  his  tribute.  He  said  the  war  was  over,  but  the 
fruits  of  it  were  yet  to  be  gathered.  The  colored  men  had 
done  good  service,  and  he  urged  the  duty  of  giving  them 
equal  rights  at  the  ballot  box.  "Then,"  said  he,  "shall  we 
more  surely  preserve  what  has  been  gained,  and  fully  enjoy 
and  perfect  that  which  has  been  defended." 


34^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Colonel  Pickett  then  called  for  three  cheers  for  Colonel 
Lincoln,  which  were  "  given  with  a  will." 

Colonel  A.  B.  R.  Sprague  was  called  upon  to  respond  to  a 
sentiment  in  remembrance  of  those  still  remaining  in  the 
field.     His  remarks  were  as  follows  : 

"  He  was  thankful  for  the  privilege  of  joining  in  the  festivities  of  the 
day,  now  when  the  dark  night  is  over  and  the  day  dawns  —  now  when 
tliroughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  our  beloved  land,  all  loyal  hearts 
unite  in  thanksgiving  for  the  glorious  old  flag  that  floats  everywhere  tri- 
umphantly from  the  St  Croix  to  the  Rio  Grande.  The  veterans  from  the 
smoke  and  dust  of  the  conflict,  home  at  last,  crowned  with  honors,  and 
decked  with  flowers  that  fair  hands  have  twined,  thank  God  that  they 
live  to  see  this  day.  The  freedman  at  the  door  of  his  cabin,  lifts  up  his 
voice  in  exultation,  for  the  deliverance  is  at  hand.  The  women  of  the 
North,  angels  of  mercy,  who  by  untiring  efforts  and  heroic  words,  have 
encouraged  the  soldier  in  the  weary  march,  and  inspired  him  in  the  hour 
of  peril ;  aye,  even  those  whose  husbands,  fathers,  brothers,  sons,  '  not 
lost  but  gone  before,'  have  gone  through  glory's  golden  gates  to  immor- 
tality beyond,  as  they  kneel  to-day  with  upturned  eyes,  can  almost  pierce 
the  canopy  of  the  blue  sky,  and  catch  the  smile  of  approbation  from  the 
spirits  immortal.  The  process  of  re-construction  will  be  slow.  Scattered 
over  the  sunny  South  are  thousands  of  soldiers  anxiously  awaiting  the 
day  when  their  services  will  be  no  longer  required.  Oh  how  their  hearts 
yearn  to-day  for  a  breath  of  the  pure  air,  a  sight  of  the  hills  and  the  val- 
leys of  the  North,  and  for  the  associations  that  cluster  around  their  homes. 
The  poisonous  malaria,  the  burning  fever,  no  less  fatal  than  rebel  bullets, 
will  fill  many  graves,  and  cause  sorrow  in  many  home  circles.  But  their 
mission  is  not  yet  fulfilled.  Let  us  rejoice  that  it  is  so  nearly  accom- 
plished, at  so  great  a  sacrifice  of  life  and  treasure,  that  when  the  great 
temple  of  the  Union  is  complete  in  all  its  parts,  upon  its  topmost  arch 
shall  be  written  in  imperishable  letters,  '  Liberty  and  equal  rights  to  all 
who  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance.'  " 

Three  cheers  were  then  given  for  Colonel  Sprague,  three 
for  Admiral  Farragut  and  the  navy,  and  three  for  Colonel 
Pickett.  The  mayor  called  on  the  galleries  for  three  cheers 
for  the  soldiers,  which  were  heartily  given.  And  then  the 
soldiers  responded  with,  nine  cheers  for  the  citizens  of  Wor- 
cester, and  three  for  the  ladies. 

Well-known  singers  interspersed  the  exercises  by  render- 
ing with  fine  effect,    "  Tramp,    tramp,  tramp,"    "  Union   and 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  347 

Liberty  Forever,"  and  other  songs.  The  quartette  was  com- 
posed of  Messrs  Richards,  A.  S.  Benchley,  Fairbanks  and 
J.  E.  Benchley.  The  miHtary  were  then  dismissed,  and  the 
great  organ  sounded  out  the  Hallelujah  chorus  while  the  au- 
dience passed  out  of  the  hall. 

The  Schools, 

The  ovation  to  the  soldiers  was  rendered  more  beautiful 
and  complete  by  the  parade  of  the  school  children  of  Worces- 
ter, over  six  thousand  in  number,  who  under  the  care  of  their 
teachers,  were  arranged  in  double  line  along  the  route  of  the 
procession.  The  police  kept  back  the  crowd.  All  being 
dressed  in  holiday  attire,  with  garlands,  wreaths,  boquets  and 
with  a  small  flag  in  one  hand,  made  a  beautiful  display.  It 
was  pronounced  one  of  the  finest  ever  seen  in  the  city.  The 
children  sung  patriotic  airs,  while  the  procession  was  pass- 
ing ;  they  cheered,  waved  their  flags,  and  seemed  to  feel  the 
honor  of  their  position.  They  gave  the  soldiers  a  delightful 
welcome. 

The  details  of  the  schools  and  their  mottoes  will  be  given, 
because  the  thousands  of  children  who  participated,  will  always 
have  pleasant  remembrances  of  the  occasion,  and  many  of  them 
will  doubtless  be  glad  to  have  their  memories  refreshed  by 
reading  the  record.     Says  the  report : 

"  The  schools  were  arranged  in  the  following  order,  each  with  a  banner 
bearing  the  name  of  the  school,  and  most  of  them  with  appropriate  mot- 
toes. Many  of  the  banners  were  quite  costly,  and  were  designed  in  excel- 
lent taste. 

The  Worcester  High  School  paraded  with  their  school  banner,  bearing 
the  name  of  the  school  and  the  motto,  'The  Culture  of  the  Mind  the  Food 
of  Humanity.'  The  school  also  carried  a  memorial  banner  of  white  silk, 
inscribed  with  the  names  of  its  members  who  have  been  in  the  army, 
and  also  those  who  have  died  in  the  service.  The  whole  list  numbered 
sixty-three.  Fourteen  of  these  were  among  the  fallen.  The  school  so- 
ciety '  Enclia,'  also  had  a  fine  scarlet  silk  banner,  with  their  badge 
designated  upon  it,  and  a  Greek  motto,  '  All  are  Allies  to  Each.'  The 
three  banners  cost  over  $150. 

The  Thomas  Street  Schools,  six  in  number,  appeared  in  the  procession 
with  full  ranks,  each  school  bearing  a  banner  with  its  name  and  grade. 


34^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  schools  carried  the  following  mottoes  :  '  For  God  and  the  Right.' 
'  Be  Just  and  Fear  not,'  '  Onward  and  Upward.'  The  grammar  school  also 
carried  a  memorial  banner  inscribed  with  the  names  of  seventeen  of  its 
members  who  have  given  their  lives  for  their  country. 

The  Main  Street  Schools,  three  in  number,  displayed  each  a  banner, 
with  the  mottoes  :  '  Children  ;  the  Republic's  Jewels  ; '  '  When  we  are 
older  we'll  Fight  for  You  ; '  '  We  are  Little  Soldiers.' 

The  Mason  Street  Schools,  two  in  number,  had  banners  inscribed, 
'  Welcome  ; '  '  We  all  feel  gay,  now  Johnny  comes  Marching  Home  ; ' 
'  You  have  Fought  for  Us,  we  will  Shout  for  You.' 

The  Elm  Street  School  carried  a  banner  with  the  name  of  the  school 
and  the  motto,  '  Welcome.' 

The  Pleasant  Street  Schools,  three  in  number,  bore  banners  inscribed 
with  the  name  and  grade  of  each  school,  and  the  mottoes  :  '  Defenders 
of  Home  and  Country,  welcome  ; '  '  Welcome  ; '  '  Honor  to  the  Brave.' 

The  Front  Street  Schools,  three  in  number,  all  primary,  carried  ban- 
ners with  the  names  of  their  schools  without  mottoes. 

The  Ash  Street  Schools,  four  in  number,  bore  banners  with  the  grades 
of  their  schools,  and  the  mottoes,  '  To  the  Brave  ; '  '  Welcome  Home  ; ' 
'  The  Little  Ones  welcome  You.' 

The  Providence  Street  Schools,  primary  and  secondary,  paraded  with 
the  motto,  '  The  Children  greet  You.' 

The  Ouinsigamond  School  displayed  a  banner  with  their  name  and  the 
motto,  'All  Honor  to  the  Heroes  of  1865.' 

The  South  Worcester  Schools,  primary  and  grammar,  carried  banners 
with  their  names,  and  the  grammar  school  bore  the  motto,  '  In  Unison 
and  Victory  there  is  Liberty  and  Peace.'  All  the  above  schools  were  sta- 
tioned on  the  east  side  of  Main  Street. 

The  schools  on  the  west  side  of  Main  Street,  commencing  at  the  Court 
House  were  as  follows  : 

Sycamore  Street  Schools,  with  the  national  flag,  headed  by  Mr.  Hunt's 
grammar  scholars,  bearing  a  banner  emblazoned  with  the  names  of  its 
graduates  who  have  fallen  in  the  ranks.  The  banners  carried  by  the 
schools  of  the  different  grades,  from  grammer  to  sub-primary,  bore  the 
following  mottoes  :  '  Peace  through  Victory  ; '  '  We  give  You  Welcome  ; ' 
'  Victory  ; '  '  Welcome  Home  ; '  '  We  are  for  the  Right ; '  '  We  are  litde 
Soldiers.' 

Summer  Street  Schools'  mottoes,  '  Ours  is  the  Flag  of  the  Free  ; ' 
'  Freedom  to  All ; '  '  Let  every  Heart  Rejoice.' 

East  Worcester — The  leading  banner  was  borne  by  little  misses  who 
were  tastefully  attired  with  starry  caps  and  sashes.  The  following  mot- 
toes were  displayed  :  '  Peace  through  Victory  ; '  '  Worcester's  Next 
Quota  ; '  (a  group  of  little  boys,)  '  Little  but  warranted  Good  ; '  '  Welcome 
to  the  Brave  ; '  '  We  greet  you.'     Temple  Street  School  for  Boys  —  '  Uni- 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  349 

versal  Freedom  to  All.'  Secondary —  '  We  honor  our  Brave  Defenders  ; ' 
'  Washington  —  Lincoln.' 

Salem  Street  —  The  leading  banner  bore  the  words,  'Tears  for  the 
Dead,  Praises  for  the  Living.'  Following  were  '  Emancipation —  A.  Lin- 
coln ;  '  '  Freedom  for  all ; '  and  the  little  toddlers  of  the  sub-primary  fol- 
lowed with  '  When  Johnny  comes  marching  Home.' 

Webster  Square.  —  The  Chamberlain  District.  The  North  Pond  Dis- 
trict followed,  with  handsomely  decorated  banners. 

Burncoat  Plain.  —  '  Union  and  Independence.'  Adams  Square.  —  '  By 
his  Sword  he  seeks  the  Calm  Repose  of  Liberty.' 

Pond  District.  —  '  We  live  in  Deeds,  not  in  Years.' 

Blithewood  School  carried  a  banner  with  the  motto,  '  We  welcome  our 
Victorious  Soldiers  Home.' 

Valley  Falls  School.  — '  Honor  the  Brave.' 

Lee's  Village.  — '  Peace  and  Liberty.' 

Northville.  —  '  The  Living  Heroes  we  welcome,  the  Honored  Martyrs 
we  mourn.' 

Tatnuck.  —  '  We  keep  the  Jewel  of  Liberty  in  the  Family  of  Freedom.' 

W^hen  the  rear  of  the  procession  had  left  Lincoln  Square  and  passed  up 
Highland  Street,  the  schools  were  moved  in  the  opposite  direction,  and 
the  same  charming  and  lively  spectacle  which  greeted  the  soldiers  on 
Main  Street,  all  the  way  from  near  City  Hall  to  the  Court  House,  was  re- 
repeated  with  even  greater  enthusiasm  and  effect,  the  entire  length  of  the 
route  on  Pleasant  Street.  It  was  an  unusual  scene,  and  one  long  to  be 
remembered  by  those  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  witness  it." 

The  schools  were  then  marched  to  their  several  school- 
houses,  except  the  suburban  schools,  who  were  entertained  in 
churches,  opened  for  the  purpose,  and  then  dismissed.  It  was 
a  day  of  enjoyment  to  the  children,  while  they  contributed 
much  to  the  pleasure  of  the  soldiers  and  all  in  the  procession. 
This  closed  the  first  part  of  the  celebration. 

The  Trades'  Representations. 
In  preparing  and  executing  the  Trades'  Representations, 
the  business  men  of  the  city  were  inspired  with  the  purpose 
of  making  a  finer  and  more  extensive  display  than  anything 
ever  before  attempted,  in  the  same  line,  in  Worcester.  Nearly 
all  important  enterprises  were  represented,  and  the  procession 
was  more  than  two  and  a  half  miles  long,  occupying  three- 
quarters  of  an  hour  in  passing  a  given  point.  The  head  of 
the  procession  left  Lincoln  Square  promptly  at  half-past  two 


350 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


o'clock,  and  passed  through  the  following  streets,  viz. :  — 
Main,  Park,  Green,  Water,  Grafton,  Summer,  and  Main  to 
Park,  where  it  was  dismissed.  Here  follows  the  order  of  the 
procession,  abbreviated  as  much  as  possible : 

City  Marshal, 

Platoon  of  Police, 

First  Division, 

Aides,  Marshal,  Aides, 

Worcester  Band, 

Fire  Department  as  Escort, 

Aides,  Marshal,  Aides, 

Newton  Band, 

Second  Division, 

Aides,  Marshal,  Aides, 

Father  Matthew  Temperance  Society, 

German  Turners, 

American  Society  of  Hibernians, 

Fenian  Brotherhood. 

Third  Division, 

Aides,  Marshal,  Aides, 

Brookline  Band, 

Emblem  of  Industry, 

Trade  Representations. 

Fourth  Division, 

Aides,  Marshal,  Aides, 

Shrewsbury  Band, 

Trade  Representations. 

Fifth  Division, 

Aides,  Marshal,  Aides. 

Thirty-fourth  Regiment  Band, 

Trade  Representations, 
Foraging  Party,  Bummers,  etc.. 

The  Fire  Companies,  in  their  uniforms,  with  all  their  ma- 
chines newly  painted  and  varnished,  and  all  their  apparatus  in 
fine  order,  and  all  profusely  and  tastefully  decorated  with 
flowers  and  evergreens,  made  a  splendid  spectacle.  They 
moved  in  double  lines,  in  the  following  order  : 

Washington,  i  ;  Hook  and  Ladder,  i  and  2  ;  Steamers  Gov. 
Lincoln  and  Col.  Davis  ;  City  Hose,  No.  i  ;  Ocean,  No.  2  ; 
Rapid,  2  ;  Niagara,  2  ;  Eagle  Hose,  3. 


CLOSE    OF    THE    WAR.  35 1 

Then  came  the  Trade  Representations,  led  by  an  emblem 
of  Industry,  designed  as  follows  :  —  It  was  "  two  enormous 
straw  bee-hives,  around  which  bees  were  hovering,  and  sur- 
rounded with  flowers,  all  extremely  life-like  and  natural."  It 
was  designed  and  worked  up  by  several  ladies,  whose  handi- 
work elicited  much  admiration.  The  particulars  of  the  splen- 
did procession  which  followed,  must  be  omitted. 

Next  followed  various  fantastical  exhibitions,  designed  to 
excite  mirth.  They  were  well  received  by  the  crowd,  which 
rewarded  the  exhibitors  with  shouts  of  laughter. 

The  entire  procession,  besides  the  Fire  Department,  in- 
cluded one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  teams,  drawn  by  three 
hundred  and  twenty-six  horses,  and  twenty-six  oxen.  Not- 
withstanding the  length  of  the  procession,  and  its  unwieldy 
character,  there  was  no  delay  or  confusion.  It  moved  promptly 
on  time,  and  no  accident  of  moment  occurred  on  the  route. 
This  grand  success  reflected  great  credit  upon  the  committee, 
and  especially  upon  the  Chief  Marshal,  Hon.  James  B.  Blake. 

The  Fenian  Brotherhood,  about  three  hundred  strong,  made 
their  first  appearance  in  uniform  caps,  bearing  the  United 
States  and  Irish  flags. 

The  Young  Men's  Benevolent  and  Total  Abstinence  Society, 
an  organization  of  boys,  made  its  first  appearance,  numbering 
two  or  three  hundred  members.  The  German  Turners,  Ger- 
man Singing  Society,  Father  Matthew  Temperance  Society, 
and  American  Hibernian  Society,  —  the  last  headed  by  a  per- 
son playing  a  Scotch  bag-pipe,  —  were  all  in  full  ranks,  and 
several  of  them  carried  splendid  silk  banners. 

The  Illuminations. 
The  effect  of  the  illumination  was  greatly  enhanced  by  the 
arches  across  Main  Street,  which  have  been  already  described. 
Each  of  the  principal  arches  had  its  group  of  special  admirers, 
and  all  admitted  that  ordinary  fireworks,  however  extensive, 
could  not  lend  such  a  pleasing  spectacle.  The  arches  blazed 
until  half-past  ten  o'clock,  and  even  the  full  moon  scarcely 
dimmed  their  splendor.     Many  stores  and  dwellings  on  Main 


352  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Street,  were  illuminated ;  as  were  the  houses  and  grounds  of 
Messrs.  Harrison  Bliss,  Joseph  Chase,  Governor  Lincoln, 
Thomas  Earle,  Lyman  J.  Taft,  Rev.  T.  E.  St.  John,  H.  H. 
Chamberlain,  Charles  B.  Whiting,  and  "  numberless  others." 
Fireworks  were  sent  up  from  many  localities,  flashing  and 
sparkling  in  every  direction.  Chinese  lanterns  helped  to  turn 
the  night  into  day.  The  day  came  to  an  end,  according  to 
the  design  of  the  committee,  in  a  "  blaze  of  glory." 

The  celebration,  in  every  part  of  its  complicated  plan,  was 
most  successfully  carried  out.  It  marked  the  close  of  a  contest 
which  had  inaugurated  a  great  historical  epoch  ;  it  expressed 
the  joy  of  the  people  in  the  achieved  results,  and  it  set  forth, 
in  a  peculiarly  gratifying  manner,  the  gratitude  of  the  citizens 
towards  the  soldiers  who  had  represented  them  in  the  field. 


THE    MARTYRS   TRIUMPH.  353 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

DEATH    OF    PRESIDENT    LINCOLN.  —  UNIVERSAL    MOURNING. 

By  a  singular  and  providential  concurrence  of  events,  the 
loyal  people  of  the  United  States  kept  a  solemn  fast,  according 
to  the  appointment  of  President  Lincoln,  the  day  before  he 
was  struck  down  by  the  hand  of  the  assassin.  The  proclama- 
tion had  been  issued  before  the  opening  of  the  spring  cam- 
paign, but  ere  the  appointed  day  arrived,  the  capture  of  Rich- 
mond, and  the  surrender  of  General  Lee,  had  caused  universal 
rejoicing.  When  the  day  came,  the  people  felt  more  like  giving 
thanks  than  fasting.  But  it  was  deemed  not  unfitting  the 
condition  of  the  country  to  look  to  God  with  humiliation  and 
reverence,  in  view  of  the  national  guilt,  and  the  divine  mercy. 
A  proper  observance  of  the  day  was  adapted  to  make  us,  as  a 
people,  bear  our  prosperity  without  pride,  and  to  enforce  the 
conviction  that  our  deliverance  was  due  to  the  interposition 
of  our  fathers'  God. 

Moreover,  events  took  such  a  turn,  that  the  observance  of 
the  National  Fast  had  an  effect  which  was  not  designed  nor 
anticipated.  It  prepared,  to  some  extent,  the  people  to  endure 
the  great  bereavement  which  soon  filled  all  hearts  with  grief. 
A  nation  which  had  just  risen  from  its  prostration  before  the 
Almighty,  felt  a  sacred  confidence  that  the  same  beneficent 
Power  which  had  carried  it  safely  through  such  a  war,  would 
be  gracious  still,  and  notwithstanding  the  murder  of  the 
beloved  and  respected  Chief  Magistrate,  would  secure  to  us 
lasting  peace  with  liberty. 

23 


354  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Section  i.  —  Fast-Day  Services. 

With  great  propriety,  therefore,  do  we  rehearse  the  services 
of  the  National  Fast,  before  describing  the  scenes  that  followed 
the  death  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 

Thursday,  April  13,  was  quite  generally  observed,  by  abstain- 
ing from  secular  pursuits,  and  by  a  large  attendance  on  public 
worship.  It  is  remembered  that  the  prevailing  spirit  was 
rather  of  thanksgiving  than  of  supplication. 

At  the  Salem  Street  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  delivered 
a  characteristic  discourse,  founded  on  Jeremiah  50 :  46.  "At 
the  noise  of  the  taking  of  Babylon  the  earth  is  moved,  and 
the  cry  is  heard  among  the  nations."  He  contrasted  the  fall 
of  Babylon  with  the  fall  of  Richmond,  and  said  that  the  over- 
throw of  the  Confederacy  was  the  fall  of  false  institutions  and 
ideas,  which  has  prepared  the  way  for  the  elevation  of  the 
millions  of  the  South,  and  has  given  new  impulse  to  the  prog- 
ress of  liberty  throughout  the  world. 

Dr.  Sweetser,  at  the  Central  Church,  discoursed  from  He- 
brews 13  :  16.  "But  to  do  good,  and  to  communicate,  forget 
not ;  for  with  such  sacrifices  God  is  well  pleased."  The  duty 
of  the  people  of  the  North  to  God,  ascribing  all  praise  and 
honor  to  Him,  for  the  glorious  triumph  He  has  granted  our 
arms  ;  the  duty  of  cultivating  a  Christian  spirit  of  forgiveness 
towards  those  who  have  been  our  enemies  ;  our  duty  to  the 
colored  race,  providentially  placed  under  our  charge  ;  the  duty 
of  imparting  to  the  South,  the  institutions  of  religion,  industry 
and  learning,  which  have  blessed  and  elevated  our  own  peo- 
ple ;  and  the  duty  of  confidence  in  our  government,  and  trust 
in  our  future,  were  presented  as  prominent  among  the  many 
ways  in  which  the  people  of  New  England  can  do,  and  com- 
municate good. 

At  the  Church  of  the  Unity,  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen  spoke  from 
Isaiah  1:27.  "  Zion  shall  be  redeemed  with  judgment,  and 
her  converts  with  righteousness."  The  occasion  called  for 
thanksgiving  rather  than  fasting  ;  but  the  work  was  not  yet 
done,  and  the  armor  should  not  be  put  off  till  absolute  justice 
and  righteousness  ruled  the  land.     The  two  prominent  dan- 


THE    MARTYRS    TRIUMPH.  355 

gers  before  the  people  were,  first,  that  the  re-action  of  kindly 
feeling  towards  the  rebels  should  go  to  the  extreme  of  indiffer- 
ence to  the  guilt  of  their  treason  ;  and  secondly,  that  the  faith 
in  Divine  Providence,  so  wonderfully  educated  during  the  last 
four  years,  should  go  to  the  extreme  of  fatalism,  bidding  us  to 
stand  still  and  see  the  salvation  of  God.  The  rank  and  file 
of  the  southern  army  should  be  treated  with  magnanimity,  but 
the  leaders  must  not  be  indulged  in  their  desire  to  escape  from 
justice.  He  urged  the  granting  of  the  elective  franchise  to 
colored  loyalists. 

The  text  of  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John  was  from  Revelation  19:  6. 
"And  I  heard  as  it  were  the  voice  of  a  great  multitude,  and  as 
the  voice  of  many  waters,  and  as  the  voice  of  mighty  thunder- 
ings,  saying,  Alleluiah  :  for  the  Lord  God  omnipotent  reigneth." 
He  first  rapidly  sketched  the  progress  of  the  war,  and  said  that 
the  dawning  of  peace  was  a  reason  for  turning  our  thanksgiv- 
ing to  praise.  Our  sins.  North  and  South,  had  involved  us  in 
war.     When  we  struck  at  slavery,  God  gave  us  success. 

At  the  Union  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  Cutler  took  for  his  text, 
Isaiah  33  :  6.  "And  wisdom  and  knowledge  shall  be  the 
stability  of  thy  times,  and  strength  of  salvation :  the  fear  of 
the  Lord  is  his  treasure."  His  discourse  was  spoken  of  by 
the  reporter  as  "  excellent  and  very  able."  He  urged  the  duty 
incumbent  on  all  citizens  to  discriminate  more  clearly  in  favor 
of  upright  and  Christian  men  for  our  offices  of  trust  and  honor. 
He  eulogized  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  expressed  his  belief  in 
the  necessity  of  making  notable  examples  of  the  originators 
and  leaders  of  the  rebellion.  The  question  of  extending  the 
right  of  suffrage  to  the  freedmen,  was  treated  in  a  way  very 
friendly  to  their  enfranchisement. 

Such  was  the  observance  of  the  day  in  Worcester  ;  and  such 
was  it,  substantially  among  the  loyal  millions  of  the  land.  On 
the  evening  of  the  next  day  —  the  fourteenth  —  the  good 
President  who  had  summoned  the  people  to  humiliation  and 
worship,  was  fatally  shot  by  the  murderer,  —  John  Wilkes 
Booth.  He  lived  insensible,  during  the  night,  and  died  early 
on   the  morning   of  Saturday.     The   woful    intelligence    was 


356  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

flashed  over  the  country,  as  it  were  in  a  moment,  as  the 
"lightning  cometh  out  of  the  east,  and  shineth  even  unto  the 
west."  All  over  the  land  the  tolling  bells  turned  the  morning 
sacrifice  of  praise  into  mourning. 

Section  II.  —  Action  of  the  City  Government. 
Word  came  hither  in  the  night  that  the  President  was  shot, 
and  that  his  life  was  despaired  of;  early  in  the  morning  it  was 
reported  that  he  was  dead.     His  Honor,  Mayor  Ball,  immedi- 
ately issued  the  following  notice  : 

"Mayor's  Office,  April  15,  1S65. 

The  overwhelming  news  from  Washington,  of  the  assassination  of 
President  Lincoln  and  Secretary  Seward,  bewilders  our  judgment ;  and 
that  the  people  may  consult  together  on  the  sad  event,  it  is  advised  that 
all  business  be  suspended  for  the  day,  and  that  the  city  be  draped  in 
mourning  ;  and  a  public  meeting  is  called  to  be  held  in  Mechanics  Hall, 
at  ten  a.m.,  to  consider  and  advise  ujDon  this  terrible  affliction,  which  has 
so  suddenly,  from  some  present  unknown  cause,  fallen  upon  our  land. 
Our  citizens  are  earnestly  called  upon  to  mingle  no  passion  with  their 
grief,  but  to  calmly  wait  events,  and  be  prepared  to  meet  the  demands  of 
the  hour,  in  the  spirit  of  equity  and  wisdom.  Let  all  good  citizens  coun- 
sel together  for  the  public  good,  that  confidence  in  civil  government  and 
good  order  may  be  maintained,  and  to  refrain,  in  the  spirit  of  true  Chris- 
tian manliness,  from  all  passionate  displays  of  revengeful  and  embittered 
feeling. 

All  the  clergymen  and  public  speakers  in  the  city  are  requested  to  meet 
in  the  N.  E.  ante-room,  in  Mechanics  Hall,  at  half-past  nine  o'clock,  and 
take  seats  upon  the  platform.  The  city  council  are  notified  to  meet  at 
their  respective  rooms  at  seven  o'clock,  a.m. 

Phinehas  Ball,  Mayor." 

One  of  the  many  interesting  incidents  of  the  solemn  and 
anxious  night,  after  the  word  came  that  the  president  had  been 
mortally  wounded,  was  the  following.  While  it  was  yet  dark, 
great  numbers,  including  many  of  the  most  prominent  gentle- 
men of  the  city,  had  gathered  in  front  of  the  oflEice  of  the  Daily 
Spy,  fearfully  waiting  for  further  news,  when  the  dispatch 
came  that  the  good  president,  Abraham  Lincoln,  could  not 
survive.  It  seemed  as  if  the  mourning  throng  simultaneously 
felt  the  need  of  the  Almighty's  arm  to  lean  upon,  and,  by 


THE    MARTYR  S    TRIUMPH.  35/ 

request,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Banvard  offered  a  most  earnest  and 
impressive  prayer.  The  people,  with  uncovered  heads,  stand- 
ing in  the  moonlit  street,  joined  in  his  fervent  pleadings  for 
divine  wisdom  and  strength,  in  the  hour  so  trying  to  the 
nation's  welfare,  and  so  harrowing  to  every  loyal  heart.  They 
then  quietly  dispersed,  each  one  bearing  the  sorrowful  tidings 
tO'  his  own  waiting  group  at  home.  The  solemn  tolling  of  the 
bells  had  apprised  all  of  some  great  calamity,  but  none  could 
surmise  that  so  great  a  crime  and  disaster  had  entered  into 
the  annals  of  our  country.  There  was  mourning  throughout 
the  city,  as  if  a  beloved  father  had  been  taken  away. 

The  city  council  was  convened,  according  to  the  above  order 
of  the  mayor,  at  seven  o'clock,  on  Saturday  morning,  and  both 
boards,  in  joint  convention,  afcer  uniting  with  Rev.  Mr.  Rich- 
ardson in  an  earnest  and  appropriate  prayer,  were  addressed 
by  Mayor  Ball,  as  follows  : 

"Gentlemen  of  the  City  Council:  —  We  are  assembled  here  this 
morning  under  the  saddest  and  most  overwhehming  circumstances  that 
have  ever  called  us  together  in  an  official  capacity.  The  leader  of  our  na- 
tion has  fallen  by  the  hand  of  the  ruthless  assassin.  The  president  of  our 
beloved  country  has  been  murdered  by  some  unknown  hand,  at  an  hour 
when,  to  our  human  view,  we  needed  most  his  guidance,  his  wisdom,  and 
his  calm  direction.  For  the  moment  the  thought  staggers  our  belief,  that 
any  man  could  be  found  in  our  whole  land,  who  should  be  so  recreant  to 
all  moral  principle,  as  thus  to  outrage  every  dictate  of  humanity,  and  so 
entirely  disregard  all  the  protection  and  shields  heretofore  thrown  around 
official  station.  From  what  spirit  except  that  foul  spirit  of  treason  which 
has  been  aiming  a  death  blow  at  the  nation's  life  for  the  last  four  years, 
this  awful  act  has  proceeded,  at  this  moment  is  entirely  unknown.  How 
large  is  the  plot,  what  are  its  acts,  or  parts  of  acts,  —  to  what  intent 
directed,  to  what  extent  it  is  the  index  of  an  organized  secret  conspiracy 
to  ruin  the  government,  cannot  now  be  even  surmised,  much  less  defi- 
nitely known.  Soon  we  may  know  all ;  and  until  we  are  more  definitely 
informed,  and  much  more  can  be  known  by  patient  impartial  investigation 
of  the  real  situation,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  undue  excitement  will  be 
discountenanced,  and  all  exasperated  feelings  and  demonstrations  with- 
held. 

I  have  called  you  together  under  these  painful  circumstances  to  consult 
for  the  pubUc  good,  for  the  safety  of  the  city,  to  advise  such  measures  as 
shall  tend  to  good  order  and  a  due  respect  to  the  laws,  to  insure  that 


35^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

measure  of  personal  freedom  and  security  which  has  for  so  long  a  time 
been  the  characteristic  of  our  people.  For  if  the  present  is  not  the  most 
important  era  in  the  whole  history  of  the  war,  it  is  certainly  the  most  ex- 
citing, and  is  likely  to  be  the  most  trying.  You  are  asked  not  to  take 
counsel  of  your  fears,  but  of  your  reason  and  judgment,  guided  and  en- 
lightened by  the  Spirit  of  all  light  and  wisdom  from  on  high.  The  pas- 
sions of  men  will  run  high  at  an  unparalleled  moment  hke  this.  And  all 
our  energies  must  be  bent  upon  staying  the  tide  of  rash  passion  and  un- 
controllable exasperation  which  may  be  likely  to  arise  upon  an  occasion 
the  like  of  which  has  never  before  happened  in  our  country,  nor  in  any 
other  nation  under  like  serious  and  peculiar  circumstances.  Victory 
seems  at  last  to  have  crowned  our  efforts  to  crush  the  rebellion,  the  enor- 
mity of  which  no  human  language  can  definitely  or  adequately  portray. 
Peace  soon  seemed  to  be  ready  to  smile  once  more  on  our  distracted  land. 
At  this  moment  the  soul  seems  bewildered,  and  knows  not  where  to  be- 
stow its  confidence.  But  in  this  hour  of  our  grief,  let  us  take  lessons 
taught  us  by  defeats  in  the  past.  When  they  came,  they  oppressed  our 
whole  community  with  irrepressible  grief;  but  now  as  light  has  dawned 
on  our  hopes,  we  have  seen  that  these  very  reverses  were  only  the  steps 
in  the  problem  by  which  the  hand  of  God  was  conducting  us  to  reap  our 
victory,  and  do  justice  to  our  fellow-men.  May  these  experiences  in- 
crease our  faith,  that  God  is  conducting  the  logic  of  events  for  wise  ends, 
best  known  to  his  holy  councils  ;  that  out  of  all  these  trials,  sorrows  and 
reverses,  good  still  may  come,  and  that  this  may  be  one  of  the  means  used 
by  an  all-wise  and  ever-watchful  Providence,  to  secure  such  vigilance  in 
loyal  hearts  over  treason  and  rebellion  in  our  land,  that  when  peace  shall 
at  last  smile  truly  upon  us,  it  shall  welcome  in  'peace  on  earth  and  good 
will  to  men,'  in  a  form  of  a  purer  and  higher  type  of  Christianity  and  civ- 
ilization upon  this  continent,  than  has  ever  been  known  or  seen  heretofore 
in  the  nations  among  men. 

So  exciting  is  the  intelligence  and  so  sudden  and  so  recent,  that  no 
recommendations  specially  for  the  occasion  have  been  framed,  or  yet  been 
deemed  necessary,  but  in  the  exigency  of  the  moment  I  have  deemed  it 
best  to  convene  you  for  special  consultation,  face  to  face,  that  all  those 
safeguards  may  be  taken  which  may  insure  for  the  peace  and  good  order 
of  our  city,  and  to  aid  all  members  of  our  common  country  in  this  trying 
hour.  I  have  called  a  public  meeting  at  Mechanics  Hall,  at  ten  o'clock, 
A.M.,  which  measure  I  trust,  will  meet  your  approbation." 

The  council  listened  with  respectful  silence  and  sympathy, 
but  all  realized  that  nothing  could  be  done,  but  to  wait  the 
progress  of  the  drama,  and  be  ready  for  any  exigency  that 
might  grow  out  of  the  president's  death.  There  was  an 
apprehension  that  the  assassination  of  the  chief  magistrate  of 


THE    MARTYRS    TRIUMPH.  359 

the  nation  was  but  one  scene  ni  a  drama  of  revolution  and 
blood,  and  thus  anxiety  was  mingled  with  grief.  But  the 
steadiness  and  resolution  of  the  public  mind  was  equal  to  the 
bravery  and  devotion  of  the  soldiery  in  the  war,  and  soon  all 
fears  of  the  violence  of  the  ruffians  and  their  instigators,  were 
superseded  by  calm  trust  in  that  Providence  which  had  guarded 
our  nation  from  its  infancy. 

Section  III.  —  Mourning  in  Mechanics  Hall. 

The  council  adjourned  to  the  public  meeting  in  Mechanics 
Hall.  In  the  meantime  the  excitement  hourly  increased,  and 
when  the  dispatch  was  received,  not  far  from  eight  o'clock, 
officially  announcing  the  death  of  the  president,  flags  were 
displayed  at  half-mast,  many  of  them  heavily  draped  in  black. 
Stores  and  public  buildings  were  extensively  decorated  with 
emblems  of  mourning.  Many  of  these  were  of  rare  and  ele- 
gant design,  while  numerous  citizens  wore  badges  of  sorrow. 

By  order  of  the  mayor,  the  bells  of  all  the  churches  were 
tolled  from  ten  to  eleven  o'clock,  and  at  ten  o'clock  an  immense 
audience  assembled  in  Mechanics  Hall,  which  was  appropri- 
ately draped  in  mourning.  The  vast  audience  were  silent  and 
sorrowful  as  when  called  to  the  funeral  of  a  dear  and  venerated 
parent.  Many  distinguished  citizens  were  on  the  platform. 
Mayor  Ball  announced  the  Hon.  A.  H,  Bullock  as  president 
of  the  meeting. 

On  taking  the  chair,  Mr.  Bullock  called  on  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Sweetser  to  invoke  God's  blessing  on  the  stricken  people. 
After  an  impressive  prayer,  Dr.  Sweetser  read  the  forty-sixth 
Psalm.  Its  appropriateness  to  the  occasion  was  felt  by  all 
present,  and  may  be  realized  now,  by  reading  it,  in  these 
following  words  of  the  "  sweet  singer  of  Israel "  : 

"  God  is  our  refuge  and  strength,  a  very  present  help  in  trouble. 

Therefore  will  not  we  fear,  though  the  earth  be  removed,  and  though  the 
mountains  be  carried  into  the  midst  of  the  sea  : 

Though  the  waters  thereof  roar  and  be  troubled,  though  the  mountains 
shake  with  the  swelling  thereof. 

There  is  a  river,  the  streams  whereof  shall  make  glad  the  city  of  God, 
the  holy  place  of  the  tabernacles  of  the  Most  High. 


360  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

God  is  in  the  midst  of  her ;  she  shall  not  be  moved  ;  God  shall  help  her 
and  that  right  early. 

The  heathen  raged  ;  the  kingdoms  were  moved,  he  uttered  his  voice, 
the  earth  melted. 

The  Lord  of  hosts  is  with  us  ;  the  God  of  Jacob  is  our  refuge. 

Come,  behold  the  works  of  the  Lord,  what  desolations  he  hath  made  in 
the  earth. 

He  maketh  wars  to  cease  unto  the  ends  of  the  earth  ;  he  breaketh  the 
bow,  and  cutteth  the  spear  in  sunder  ;  he  burneth  the  chariot  in  the 
fire. 

Be  still,  and  know  that  I  am  God  :  I  will  be  exalted  among  the  heathen, 
I  will  be  exalted  in  the  earth. 

The  Lord  of  hosts  is  with  us  ;  the  God  of  Jacob  is  our  refuge." 

Colonel  Bullock  then  said,  with  deep  emotion,  that,  in  "  this 
overwhelming,  bewildering  hour,  speech  is  impossible,"  and 
he  called  upon  a  choir  which  was  upon  the  platform,  under  the 
direction  of  Prof  Stocking,  for  music.  Mr.  B.  D.  Allen  pre- 
sided at  the  organ,  and  the  choir  sang  the  anthem  : 

"  Almighty  Lord,  before  thy  throne, 
Thy  mourning  people  bend." 

"  The  effect,"  says  the  report  in  the  Spy,  "  was  indescrib- 
able. Strong  men  wept  like  children,  and  there  seemed  to  be 
not  a  person  in  the  hall  who  was  not  deeply  affected." 

Dr.  Sweetser  then  read  the  following  hymn,  which  was  also 
sung  by  the  choir  : 

"  Go  to  the  grave  in  all  thy  glorious  prime  — 
In  full  activity  of  zeal  and  power, 
A  Christian  cannot  die  before  his  time  : 
The  Lord's  appointment  is  the  servant's  hour. 

Go  to  the  grave  ;  at  noon  from  labor  cease  ; 

Rest  on  thy  sheaves ;  the  harvest  task  is  done ; 
Come  from  the  heat  of  battle  and  in  peace, 

Soldier,  go  home,  with  thee  the  fight  is  won. 

Go  to  the  grave  ;  for  there  the  Saviour  lay 

In  death's  embrace  before  he  rose  on  high ; 
And  all  the  ransomed,  by  that  narrow  way. 

Pass  to  eternal  life  beyond  the  sky. 

Go  to  the  grave  ;  —  no  ;  take  thy  seat  above  ; 
Be  thy  pure  spirit  present  with  the  Lord, 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  36I 

Where  thou  for  faith  and  hope  hast  perfect  love, 
And  open  vision  for  the  written  word." 

"  Words  cannot  paint  the  scene.  It  was  awfully  impressive. 
The  measured  tolling  of  the  bells  mingled  with  the  pealing  of 
the  organ,  and  the  trembling  accents  of  the  singers,  almost 
too  filled  with  emotion  to  perform  their  parts.  The  spirit  of 
mourning,  pathetic  and  tender,  filled  all  hearts." 

The  following  hymn  was  then  read  by  Rev,  Mr.  Richardson  : 

"  Servant  of  God,  well  done  ! 
Rest  from  thy  loved  employ  ; 
The  battle  fought,  the  victory  won, 
Enter  thy  Master's  joy. 

The  voice  at  midnight  came  : 

He  started  up  to  hear  ; 
A  mortal  arrow  pierced  his  frame  ; 

He  fell,  but  felt  no  fear. 

Tranquil  amid  alarms. 

It  found  him  on  the  field ; 
A  veteran  slumbering  on  his  arms, 

Beneath  his  red-cross  shield. 

At  midnight  came  the  cry, 

'  To  meet  thy  God  prepare  ! ' 
He  woke  —  and  caught  his  Captain's  eye  ; 

And  then,  in  faith  and  prayer,  — 

His  spirit  with  a  bound. 

Left  its  encumbering  clay ; 
His  tent  at  sunrise  on  the  ground, 

A  darkened  ruin  lay. 

The  pains  of  death  are  past. 

Labor  and  sorrow  cease  ; 
And  life's  long  warfare  closed  at  last. 

His  soul  is  found  in  peace." 

Thus  does  the  spirit  of  sacred  song,  whether  of  recent  date, 
or  written  three  thousand  years  ago,  express  the  sorrow  of 
individuals  and  of  nations,  and  point  them  to  the  only  refuge. 
Says  the  report  from  which  so  much  has  already  been  drawn  : 
*'  Lines  more  appropriate  could  hardly  have  been  written,  and 
their  simplicity,  sung  to  an  air  familiar  to  all,  was  far  more 
effective  than  more  labored  and  classic  music  could  have  been. 


362  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

It  seemed  as  though  there  was  but  one  pulse  in  the  vast 
audience,  and  that  rose  and  fell  with  the  cadence  of  the  music. 
Sobbing  was  heard  in  all  parts  of  the  house,  and  the  general 
grief  testified  to  the  deep  affection  with  which  the  president 
has  been  regarded  by  the  people."  Colonel  Bullock  then  an- 
nounced that  the  meeting  would  adjourn,  to  be  called  together 
again  at  the  pleasure  of  the  mayor,  and  after  the  benediction 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  the  audience  dispersed. 

Section  IV.  —  Mourning  in  the  Churches. 

The  next  day  being  the  Sabbath,  the  public  exercises  almost 
necessarily,  and  certainly  with  the  utmost  propriety,  partook 
of  a  funeral  character.  A  brief  sketch  will  be  condensed  from 
the  reports  in  the  papers  of  the  day. 

At  the  Church  of  the  Unity,  the  exercises  were  of  a  very 
impressive  character.  The  church  was  draped  heavily  with 
mourning  emblems,  and  a  handsomely  draped  flag  floated  from 
the  tower.  The  choir  sang  hymns  appropriate  to  the  occasion, 
and  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen,  the  pastor,  read  portions  of  the  eight- 
eenth, nineteenth  and  twentieth  chapters  of  Revelation.  He 
spoke  with  deep  feeling  and  most  eloquently  of  the  event  which 
caused  such  universal  mourning,  and  of  the  life  and  character 
of  the  wise  and  noble  leader  who  had  so  suddenly  been  taken 
from  the  nation.  He  hoped  that,  in  the  providence  of  God, 
good  would  grow  out  of  this  evil.  It  was  a  warning  voice  that 
the  nation  in  its  leaning  towards  mercy  should  not  forget  jus- 
tice. His  remarks  in  relation  to  Mr.  Lincoln,  who  had  passed 
from  earth  in  the  zenith  of  his  glory,  drew  tears  from  many 
eyes. 

At  the  Old  South  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  Cruikshank  of  Spencer, 
who  occupied  the  pulpit,  made  his  discourse  applicable  to  the 
occasion.  The  house  was  draped  in  mourning,  and  the  musical 
selections  were  solemn  and  appropriate. 

Rev.  Mr.  St.  John  spoke  to  a  large  congregation  at  the 
Universalist  Church,  on  the  life  and  services  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 
His  words  expressed  the  sadness  of  all  hearts.  The  church 
was  fitly  trimmed  with  emblems  of  mourning. 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  363 

At  the  Main  Street  Baptist  Church,  black  and  white  fes- 
toons were  tastefully  blended,  and  the  pulpit  was  draped  with 
flags.  The  pastor.  Rev.  Mr.  Banvard,  spoke  in  the  morning 
upon  the  absorbing  events  of  the  past  week,  especially  the 
death  of  the  president,  and  was  earnest  and  eloquent. 

Rev.  Mr.  Fox,  secretary  of  the  American  Unitarian  Asso- 
ciation, occupied  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Unitarian  Church, 
and  dwelt  upon  the  only  topic  to  which  the  people  wished  to 
listen  on  that  day.  The  singing  was  very  fine,  and  the  church 
was  elegantly  draped. 

Rev.  Dr.  Sweetser,  at  the  Central  Church,  made  an  extem- 
pore address  from  Psalms  39 19.  "I  was  dumb :  I  opened 
not  my  mouth,  because  thou  didst  it."  The  church  was  not 
draped  in  mourning,  but  the  audience  presented  the  appear- 
ance of  deeply  affected  mourners. 

The  Union  Church  was  appropriately  draped,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Cutler  delivered  an  affecting  discourse. 

Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  at  the  Salem  Street  Church,  gave  a 
"powerful  and  characteristic  discourse"  in  reference  to  the 
murder  of  the  president.  He  spoke  in  terms  of  earnest  admi- 
ration of  Abraham  Lincoln.  The  church  was  draped  in  black, 
and  ivy  and  white  roses  were  placed  about  the  approach  to 
the  pulpit.  The  church  was  crowded,  and  extra  seats  were 
brought  in  to  accommodate  the  multitude. 

Rev.  Mr.  Pervear,  at  the  First  Baptist  Church,  {which  was 
not  draped,)  made  extended  reference  to  the  death  of  the 
president.  His  text  was  Genesis  50:  20.  "As  for  you,  ye 
thought  evil  against  me  ;  but  God  meant  it  unto  good."  His 
topic  was  "  The  Providence  of  God  in  the  Affairs  of  Men." 
He  urged  that  in  permitting  the  removal  of  the  president,  we 
were  not  to  doubt  that  the  Lord  had  purposes  of  mercy. 
"  Our  prayers  for  the  president,"  said  he,  "  have  not  been  an- 
swered as  we  expected  or  desired,  but  in  a  manner  which  is 
best,  for  at  last  he  rests  in  the  bosom  of  his  God  ;  and  for  the 
country,  as  God  gave  Joshua  to  Israel  after  Moses  had  led 
them  through  the  Red  Sea,  and  through  the  wilderness,  so 
will  he  give  us  another  leader  to  bring  us  up  into  the  promised 
land." 


364  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

The  Baptist  Church  on  Pleasant  Street,  and  the  Episcopal 
Church,  were  draped  in  mourning  ;  and  in  most  if  not  all  the 
other  churches  in  the  city,  there  were  suitable  manifestations 
of  sorrow  for  the  nation's  bereavement. 

Rev.  Messrs.  Richardson,  Shippen  and  Banvard,  addressed 
the  soldiers  at  Dale  Hospital,  in  reference  to  the  death  of  Mr. 
Lincoln.  It  was  a  very  interesting  occasion.  The  soldiers 
were  much  affected,  and,  notwithstanding  the  solemnity  of  the 
circumstances,  they  could  not  restrain  the  audible  expression 
of  their  approbation  of  the  remarks  addressed  to  them. 

Rev.  Mr.  Shippen  spoke  to  the  inmates  of  the  jail,  on  the 
absorbing  theme,  in  the  afternoon.  As  he  told  the  affecting 
story,  many  of  the  prisoners  shed  tears. 

Section  V.  —  The  Funeral  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 

Wednesday,  April  19,  was  the  day  of  the  funeral  solemnities 
in  Washington,  before  the  remains  of  Mr.  Lincoln  were  borne 
in  such  solemn  reverence  and  affection  through  the  land,  to 
their  final  resting-place  in  Springfield,  Illinois.  Governor 
Andrew  recommended  that  the  people  of  the  Commonwealth 
should  observe  the  day  as  a  time  of  mourning,  and  of  paying 
funeral  honors  to  the  late  chief  magistrate  of  the  nation. 
Mayor  Ball  also  issued  his  official  recommendation,  in  concur- 
rence with  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  calhng  upon  the  citizens 
of  Worcester,  to  suspend  all  business  for  the  day,  in  order  that 
the  occasion  might  be  observed  with  fitting  decorum  and  due 
solemnities.  He  invited  the  various  religious  denominations 
to  meet  in  their  respective  places  of  worship,  at  noon  ;  and 
directed  that  all  the  bells  upon  the  churches  should  be  tolled 
from  half-past  eleven  to  twelve,  and  from  two  to  three  o'clock. 
All  having  flags  were  requested  to  suspend  them  at  half-mast 
during  the  day.  All  the  public  schools  were  closed,  that  the 
children  might  participate  in  the  solemnities  of  the  day. 

In  accordance  with  the  above  recommendations,  which  met 
with  a  universal  response,  all  business  was  suspended  on  the 
nineteenth,  and  great  multitudes  thronged  the  various  places 
of  worship.     The  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  which  was  in  ses- 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  365 

sion  in  this  city,  on  motion  of  Hon.  P,  Emory  Aldrich,  who 
spoke  in  behalf  of  the  Worcester  county  bar,  adjourned  over 
till  the  next  day,  that  the  bench  and  bar  might  "  pay  the  last 
tribute  of  affection  and  respect  to  that  great  and  good  man, 
so  suddenly  removed  from  his  high  place  of  usefulness." 

On  the  morning  of  the  nineteenth,  the  following  lines 
appeared  in  the  Daily  Spy. 

IN   MEMORIAM. 

BY   MISS   LUCINDA   G.    BIGELOW. 

We  come,  oh  !  our  Father,  a  sorrowing  nation. 

To  thine  altar,  this  morning,  in  sadness  and  tears, 
With  one  burst  of  sorrow  and  sore  lamentation. 

We  bring  thee  hearts  stricken  with  doubts  and  with  fears. 

For  he  whom  we  loved,  and  with  reverence  cherished, 

The  good  and  the  true,  lieth  low  on  his  bier ; 
Alas  !  for  the  hopes  that  in  darkness  have  perished. 

As  our  sun  at  bright  noon-day  went  down  from  its  sphere. 

Sublime  in  his  goodness  —  the  simple  adorning 

Of  truth  and  uprightness,  his  royal  array  ; 
He  walked  among  us,  as  breaketh  the  morning 

Through  the  vapors  of  night,  hanging  dark  o'er  the  day. 

And  just  as  his  feet  touched  the  beautiful  mountain. 

Whence  the  sweet  streams  of  peace  floated  far  on  the  air, 

As  he  tasted  one  draft  from  the  life-giving  fountain 
Of  hope  for  his  country  —  upspringing  and  fair  ; 

In  the  fulness  of  fame,  with  his  ripe  honors  round  him, 
And  freedom's  pure  flame  glowing  warm  in  his  breast  j 

The  red  arm  of  hate  and  of  violence  found  him, 
And  the  patriot  and  martyr  has  gone  to  his  rest. 

He  has  gone  to  his  rest,  and  with  deep  veneration. 

The  tears  of  a  people  bedew  his  cold  clay. 
As  the  cry  of  the  orphan  goes  up  from  a  nation, 

To  Him  who  alone  is  its  staff  and  its  stay. 

The  only  employment  apparent  was  arranging  funeral 
emblems.  All  the  flags  in  the  city  were  hung  at  half-mast, 
and  many  of  them  were  heavily  draped  in  mourning.  The 
city  hall  and  public  offices  were  hung  with  black,  and  "  nearly 
every  building  in  the  city  "  gave  some  indicition  of  the  general 


366  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

grief.  The  business  portion  of  Main  Street  was  shrouded 
with  mourning  colors.  The  same  was  true  of  many  stores  and 
dwellings  on  Front,  Elm,  Pearl,  Chestnut,  Howard,  Summer, 
Green,  Portland,  Salem  and  Orange  Streets,  besides  many 
houses  throughout  the  city.  All  the  supplies  of  mourning 
decorations  and  emblems  in  the  stores  were  exhausted.  The 
citizens,  almost  without  exception,  wore  the  sad  colors  during 
the  day,  and  the  locomotives  on  the  railroads,  and  the  horse- 
cars  were  suitably  draped.  Mr,  Motley  has  said  that  when 
"  William  of  Orange  was  murdered,  there  was  more  extensive, 
unaffected  and  legitimate  sorrow  than  had  been  felt  before  for 
any  human  being."  This  was  written  before  the  murder  of 
Mr.  Lincoln,  who  was  mourned  as  deeply  and  more  widely 
than  even  the  good  Prince  of  Orange,  the  great  champion  of 
Protestantism  and  of  freedom,  in  the  sixteenth  century.  For 
it  has  since  been  ascertained  that  Mr.  Lincoln  was  not  only 
mourned  throughout  our  land,  in  Canada  and  Great  Britain, 
in  all  the  civilized  nations  of  America  and  Europe,  but  also  by 
the  dusky  tribes  on  the  shores  and  far  into  the  interior  of 
Africa.  No  man  ever,  in  so  short  a  time,  gained  such  a  hold 
upon  the  confidence  and  affection  of  mankind. 

But  to  return,  the  bells  of  the  city  were  tolled  as  previously 
arranged,  and  minute  guns  were  fired  on  the  common,  by  a 
detachment  of  the  State  Guards,  from  two  to  three  o'clock 
p.  M.,  while  the  funeral  cortege  was  passing  from  the  White 
House  through  the  streets  of  Washington.  The  tolling  bells, 
the  solemn  minute  guns,  the  funeral  drapery  on  all  the  build- 
ings, the  flags  at  half-mast,  draped  in  black,  and  the  stricken 
countenances  of  the  people,  united  in  producing  an  effect  never 
before  experienced  in  Worcester. 

The  Union  Church  was  filled  to  overflowing  with  a  sympa- 
thizing audience.  The  house  was  tastefully  draped  in  mourn- 
ing, and  thus  symbolized  the  grief  of  the  worshippers.  The 
musical  exercises,  which  were  excellently  rendered,  consisted 
of  a  dirge,  "  Thy  will,  O  God,  be  done  ; "  the  hymns,  "  Thou 
art  gone  to  the  grave  ; "  "  Unveil  thy  bosom,  faithful  tomb," 
sung:  to  the  solemn  chant  of  the  "  Dead  March  in  Saul."     In 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  367 

addition  to  solemn  and  appropriate  prayers,  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Cutler  delivered  a  discourse  prepared  for  the  occasion,  and 
highly  appropriate.  The  text  was  from  Second  Chronicles 
32 :  33.  "And  Hezekiah  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  they 
buried  him  in  the  chiefest  of  the  sepulchres  of  the  sons  of 
David  ;  and  all  Judah  and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  did 
him  honor  at  his  death." 

He  indicated,  in  the  opening  of  his  discourse,  how  much 
President  Lincoln  was  to  the  nation,  alike  the  representative 
of  authority  and  justice,  and  the  anointed  of  the  Lord  for 
this  purpose.     He  continued  substantially,  as  follows  : 

"  When  the  tidings  of  his  death  came,  how  the  throne  of  grace  was  peti- 
tioned for  mercy  to  an  afflicted  and  perplexed  people.  He  illustrated  how 
nations  honored  their  rulers  in  death,  first  by  spontaneous  and  sincere 
grief,  as  in  the  case  of  Saul,  Moses,  and  Hezekiah,  also  President  Lincoln, 
who  was  honored  thus  in  a  degree  seldom  accorded  to  the  departed 
potentates  and  rulers  of  the  nations  ;  secondly,  by  burying  him  in  the 
chiefest  of  the  sepulchres,  as  in  the  case  of  Hezekiah,  but  which  in  this 
nation,  is  determined  by  the  highest  respect  of  the  people  ;  third,  by  the 
history  of  his  life  and  deeds.  A  few  as  Moses,  David,  Solomon,  Hezekiah 
of  the  Jews,  and  Pericles  of  the  Greeks,  shine  down  through  the  long 
vista  of  the  ages.  Such  is  the  honor  of  Washington,  and  such  will  be  the 
honor  of  him  whose  decease  the  nation  mourns  to-day.  His  history  will 
be  written  not  for  partisan  purposes,  but  for  the  nation  and  for  the  world. 
His  history  for  the  last  four  years,  will  be  the  history  of  the  country,  and 
his  honor  will  henceforth  be  identified  with  the  honor  of  the  nation  during 
its  greatest  perils  and  its  greatest  triumphs.  He  spoke  of  the  way  in 
which  a  people  may  honor  a  ruler  in  his  death  by  forgetting  his  frailties, 
and  remembering  his  excellencies,  and  the  obligation  on  us  to  feel  this 
bereavement  as  a  chastisement  for  our  profit. 

President  Lincoln  has  fallen  a  martyr  to  the  principles  of  a  free  govern- 
ment. The  assassination  is  not  that  of  a  man  merely :  it  is  the  attempted 
assassination  of  the  loyal  people  of  the  land.  The  crime  is  not  the  pro- 
duct of  one  man's  diabolical  malignity  ;  it  is  the  culmination  of  cowardly 
treason,  whose  roots  entered  into  the  hearts  of  a  thousand  rebel  conspira- 
tors. That  spirit  was  sown  by  the  Evil  One  in  the  heart  of  the  southern 
oligarchy,  and  has  been  nurtured  by  cruelty  and  crime  till  the  poisonous 
exhalations  of  its  foliage  have  proved  fatal  to  tens  and  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  our  patriotic  countrymen,  and  now  with  a  branch  of  it,  a  fatal 
blow  has  fallen  upon  the  head  of  the  nation.  How  long,  O  how  long, 
shall  treason  go  unwhipped  of  justice  !     When  shall  the  deadly  upas-tree 


368  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

be  torn  from  its  roots  by  a  blast  of  the  Almighty,  and  the  atmosphere 
of  the  continent  be  purged  of  its  malaria  !  The  one  event  which  was 
perhaps  needed  to  bring  the  government  to  an  appreciation  of  its  stern 
duty,  has  occurred.  Until  the  president  was  slain,  the  iniquity  of  the 
Amorites  was  not  yet  full.  It  is  now  apparent  that  treason  is  the  blackest 
crime  in  the  catalogue.  It  is  apparent  too  that  every  new  develoj^ment  of 
it  is  only  enhancing  its  terrible  recompense.  Many  traitors  themselves 
now  see  it,  and  feel  it,  and  from  fear  of  the  more  terrible  consequences  to 
themselves,  are  mourners  to-day  over  the  victim  of  their  own  madness. 
Not  in  passion,  however,  not  in  the  spirit  of  retaliation  or  revenge,  but  in 
calmness  and  dignity  of  outraged  righteous  law  and  authority,  must  the 
majesty  of  the  government  be  vindicated.  '  The  Lord  God  omnipotent 
reigneth  ;  and  let  all  the  people  say.  Amen.' 

No,  it  will  not  be  in  vain  that  to-day,  as  the  meridian  shall  move  over 
the  continent,  the  funeral  concourse  of  the  lamented  chief  magistrate  shall 
be  gathered  from  every  dwelling  into  every  sanctuary,  from  the  most 
eastern  coast  of  Maine  to  the  most  western  of  California  and  Oregon, 
chanting  the  dirges  of  their  grief,  and  offering  their  supplications  to  the 
God  of  all  grace ;  mourning  not  for  him  whose  remains  now  lie  in  the 
repose  of  death,  and  whose  spirit  has  passed  beyond  the  reach  of  calumny 
and  encomium  alike,  where  the  wicked  cease  from  troubling  and  the  weary 
are  at  rest,  —  but  for  themselves  and  their  beloved  country.  Never  before 
had  any  ruler  such  honor  in  his  death  as  is  given  this  day  to  him  whom 
treason  thought  to  consign  to  eternal  misery,  but  whom  loyalty  enshrines 
in  the  bosom  of  renewed  affection,  and  renders  immortal  as  the  martyr 
whose  blood  shall  prove  to  be  the  seed  of  a  hundred-fold  increase  of  that 
liberty,  which  is  both  the  manifestation  and  the  guardian  of  righteous 
law.  As  the  funeral  procession  from  the  presidential  mansion  to  the 
c'apitol,  and  from  the  capitol  to  the  railway  station,  and  from  the  station 
to  the  far-distant  tomb,  shall  be  represented  by  all  offices,  and  all  pro- 
fessions, and  all  classes,  and  all  the  states,  it  shall  be  but  the  type  of  that 
large  procession  whose  breath  is  coincident  with  loyalty  from  the  lakes 
to  the  gulf,  and  whose  length  is  the  distance  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Paci- 
fic sea. 

Fitting,  too,  is  his  grave  in  the  heart  of  our  territorial  domain.  By  vir- 
tue of  the  character  and  deeds  and  significant  death  of  him  whose  remains 
it  shall  contain,  it  will  be  the  chiefest  of  the  sepulchers  of  the  sons  of 
David  ;  and  from  generation  to  generation  it  will  be  visited  by  patriot 
pilgrims  to  refresh  their  remembrance  of  the  price  of  their  liberties,  and  of 
the  necessity  of  eternal  vigilance  for  their  preservation.  The  stone  which 
shall  be  erected  to  mark  his  last  earthly  resting-place,  shall  dissolve  and 
crumble  as  the  dust  it  shall  cover,  before  his  memory  shall  perish  from 
the  admiring  hearts  of  the  liberty-loving  and  law-abiding  millions  of  the 
ages  yet  to  come.     After  grief  shall  have  been  assuaged,  and  peace  and 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  369 

order  established,  and  time  for  calm  reflection  afforded,  and  that  distance 
from  the  present  gained  which  is  essential  to  estimate  aright  the  emergen- 
cies through  which  the  country  has  passed  and  is  passing,  and  the  men 
whom  Providence  called  to  be  prominent  and  conspicuous  actors  in  the 
scene,  some  future  generation  shall  produce  another  Greenough  to  em- 
body his  memory  in  speaking  marble  from  the  capitol,  and  another  and 
more  eloquent  Everett  to  enrapture  his  countrymen  with  his  eulogy,  and 
another  and  more  entrancing  Irving  to  write  his  biography  for  the  world. 
His  martyrdom  will  be  seen  to  be  rooted  deep  as  the  inalienable  rights  of 
mankind,  and  will  yet  bear  fruit  for  the  healing  of  the  nation.  The  despot- 
isms of  the  world  shall  disappear  before  the  progress  of  those  just  princi- 
ples now  baptized  in  the  blood  of  a  more  than  royal  martyr  ;  and  Ethiopia 
shall  yet  stretch  out  her  hands  unto  God  in  thanksgiving  for  the  name  and 
memory  of  liim  whom  Heaven  appointed  to  proclaim  liberty  unto  them 
that  were  bound  :  and  all  nations  shall  look  up  to  this,  and  in  admiring 
wonder  acknowledge  that  the  idea  which  is  typified  in  the  star-si^angled 
banner  has  at  length  been  realized, 

'  O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave.'  " 

The  Central  Church  (Dr.  Sweetser's)  was  richly  and  ele- 
gantly draped  for  this  occasion.  An  ornamental  flagstaff  was 
placed  over  the  portico,  and  from  it  was  suspended  a  silken 
flag  of  the  Union,  relieved  with  black  drapery.  Heavy  fes- 
toons of  black  and  white  cloth  were  entwined  upon  the  columns 
in  front.  Similar  festoons  ran  along  the  entire  front  of  the 
galleries,  and  the  organ  was  enveloped  in  the  ample  folds  of  a 
flag.  The  draping  of  the  pulpit  and  its  surroundings  was  in 
exquisite  taste.  Rich  vases  of  flowers  mingled  their  hues 
with  the  mass  of  white  and  black,  and  harmonized  the  whole. 

The  congregation  was  immense.  At  twelve  o'clock,  the 
Highland  Cadets,  with  full  ranks,  each  member  wearing  crape 
on  his  arm,  marched  into  the  church  to  the  beating  of  muffled 
drums.  The  services  were  opened  by  the  choir,  who  sang  the 
following  hymn : 

"  It  is  the  Lord  —  behold  his  hand 

Outstretched  with  an  afflictive  rod  : 
And  hark  !  a  voice  goes  through  the  land  — 
'  Be  still  and  know  that  I  am  God.' " 

Selections  of  Scripture  were  then  read,  among  which  were 
the  passages  describing  the  mourning  of  Israel  on  the  death 

24 


370  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

of  Aaron,  and  of  Moses,  and  of  Abner,  and  those  from  the 
New  Testament  which  are  usually  read  at  the  burial  of  the 
dead.  The  choir  next  sang  the  hymn  "  In  Memoriam,"  given 
on  a  preceding  page,  which  was  written  by  a  lady  of  the  con- 
gregation for  the  occasion.  The  report  says  in  continua- 
tion : 

"  Dr.  Sweetser  then  pronounced  an  address  that  occupied  scarcely  ten 
minutes,  but  in  that  brief  space  of  time  he  uttered  such  words  of  pathos 
as  mehed  all  hearts.  '  We  have  come  to  bury  our  dead.  We  have  lost  a 
father  ;  and  with  all  the  people  of  this  Union  we  have  come  together  as 
one  family  to  mourn  our  bereavement.'  These  words  struck  the  key-note 
of  the  brief  discourse,  and  at  once  attuned  the  soul  of  the  congregation  in 
full  unison  with  the  deeper  spirit  of  the  occasion.  We  should  vainly 
attempt  to  give  a  synopsis  of  a  discourse  which  had  no  parts,  and  the 
words  of  which  were  lost  in  the  effect  they  produced.  Rather  than  a  dis- 
course it  was  an  introduction  to  the  long  and  impressive  prayer  that 
followed.  The  expressions  of  grief  with  which  the  prayer  commenced, 
were  succeeded  by  prolonged  thanksgivings  for  all  that  God  has  given  us  in 
giving  Abraham  Lincoln,  his  life,  his  character,  his  deeds,  his  successes  ; 
and  the  prayer  was  concluded  with  supplications  in  behalf  of  the  bereaved 
family,  and  President  Johnson.  The  choir  then  chanted  the  ninetieth 
Psahii,  that  prayer  of  Moses,  by  the  solemn  grandeur  of  which  no  human 
heart  ever  yet  remained  unmoved  :  —  '  Lord,  thou  hast  been  our  dwelling 
place  in  all  generations.'  As  the  last  strains  died  away,  and  the  benedic- 
tion concluded  the  solemn  service,  the  congregation  retired,  never  again  to 
assemble  on  a  like  occasion." 

Rev.  John  J.  Putnam,  then  of  Roxbury,  delivered  an  appro- 
priate address  at  the  First  Unitarian  Church.  Rev.  Dr.  Hill, 
the  pastor,  had  been  absent,  visiting  the  army  at  Richmond, 
but  unexpectedly  returned  in  season  to  take  part  in  the  exer- 
cises. The  church  was  elegantly  draped,  and  the  music  was 
suited  to  the  occasion. 

The  three  Baptist  societies  united  in  one  service,  which  was 
held  in  the  Pleasant  Street  Church,  the  Rev,  Messrs.  Barvard, 
Weston  and  Pervear  participating  in  the  exercises.  The  pul- 
pit was  heavily  draped,  and  in  the  centre  appeared  a  portrait 
of  Mr.  Lincoln  encircled  with  flowers  and  wreaths. 

The  services  at  the  Episcopal  Church  embraced  solemn 
litanies,  the   burial   service,  and    the    special   prayer   by  the 


THE    MARTYRS    TRIUMPH,  3/1 

bishop  of  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts,  Dr.  Eastburn,  for  the 
occasion.     The  mourning  drapery  was  gracefully  arranged. 

At  St,  John's  Church,  Temple  Street,  the  high  altar  was 
draped  in  mourning.  At  nine  o'clock,  a.m.,  the  mass,  with 
solemn  dirges  and  litanies,  was  celebrated,  by  Rev,  Mr. 
O'Reilly  and  the  choir.  At  noon,  there  were  other  solemn 
services,  including  the  "  De  Profundis,"  sung  by  the  choir, 
and  prayers  for  the  nation  in  this  time  of  calamity.  The  pas- 
tor made  a  brief  address  in  eulogy  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  and 
expressing  strong  detestation  towards  the  assassin  of  the  ruler 
of  our  people.  The  choir  then  sang  "  Ave  Maria,"  and  "  The 
Dying  Christian  to  his  Soul,"  with  fine  effect. 

The  services  at  the  Church  of  the  Unity,  consisted  of  read- 
ing passages  of  Scripture,  prayers  for  the  bereaved  nation,  and 
choice  music,  all  appropriate  to  the  occasion.  Flags  and 
mourning  emblems  draj^ed  the  church. 

The  Universalist  Church,  which  was  draped  by  the  national 
flag,  and  adorned  with  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  encircled 
with  mourning  emblems,  was  well  filled.  The  services  were 
chants,  hymns,  scriptures  and  prayer.  The  occasion  was  one 
of  deep  solemnity  to  the  vast  throng  of  people  present. 

Rev.  Mr.  Richardson,  who  had  already  preached  concerning 
the  President's  death,  conducted  appropriate  services  at  the 
Salem  Street  Church.  He  read  selections  of  Scripture,  and 
offered  prayer.  The  choir  sang  appropriate  hymns  with  great 
solemnity  and  effect.  The  house  was  crowded,  and  the  audi- 
ence deeply  moved  by  the  solemn  exercises. 

Similar  services,  all  appropriate  to  the  day,  were  held  in  the 
Methodist  churches  on  Park  and  Laurel  Streets,  in  the  Mis- 
sion Chapel,  the  Friend's  Meeting-house,  and  in  St.  Anne's 
Church.  "  All  the  churches  were  well  attended,  and  the  day 
was  characterized  by  the  deepest  solemnity  among  all 
classes." 

Section  VI.  —  Action  of  the  Antiquarian  Society. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  [held 
in  Boston,]  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  April,  the  Hon.  Levi  Lin- 


3/2  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

coin,  with  a  few  heartfelt  and  impressive  words,  offered  the 
following  resolutions  for  record,  as  the  sentiments  of  the  soci- 
ety in  regard  to  the  death  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

"  Resolved,  That  in  the  death  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  honored  and 
beloved  chief  magistrate  of  this  nation,  by  the  hand  of  a  miscreant  assas- 
sin, a  deplorable  calamity  has  been  brought  upon  the  government  and 
people  of  the  United  States,  and  personal  grief  to  the  heart  of  every  loyal 
citizen  in  the  land. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln  to  the  office  of 
president  of  the  United  States,  and  in  his  administration  of  the  govern- 
ment, during  a  most  threatening  and  perilous  crisis  of  affairs,  the  country 
has  found  protection  and  safe  guidance,  the  people  have  been  saved  from 
anarchy,  and  the  nation  from  disunion.  Through  his  wisdom,  and  patriot- 
ism, and  constancy,  and  moral  heroism,  traitors  have  been  awed,  and 
rebellion  repressed  ;  our  armies  have  triumphed,  and  peace  as  we  trust, 
is  about  to  be  restored  to  a  bleeding  and  suffering  land. 

Resolved,  That  the  character  of  our  late  chief  magistrate  was  distin- 
guished by  all  the  attributes  of  a  great  and  good  man.  As  a  statesman 
he  comprehended  the  vast  interests  and  discerned  the  threatening  dangers 
of  the  nation,  while  his  policy  and  his  measures  gave  efficiency  to  the 
mandates  of  authority,  and  inspired  patriotism,  courage,  and  confidence 
in  the  people.  His  love  of  liberty  was  as  intense  as  his  devotion  of  ser- 
vices to  country,  and  he  labored  to  secure  to  the  humblest  citizen  the 
rights  enjoyed  by  the  most  favored.  His  life  was  made  illustrious  by 
exemplary  purity  and  the  manly  virtues,  and  furnishes  an  instructive 
example  to  all  future  time,  of  the  inappreciable  glory  of  private  worth 
crowned  with  public  honors. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  terrible  strife  of  civil  warfare  through  which  the 
naiion  is  now  passing,  the  wisdom  of  his  counsels,  the  firmness  of  his 
resolves,  the  calm  consistency  and  unfaltering  energy  of  his  action,  all 
conspiring  to  the  maintenance  of  constitutional  government,  and  the 
preservation  of  the  integrity  of  the  nation,  and  blessed,  of  the  good  provi- 
dence of  God,  to  that  end,  will  inscribe  in  letters  of  light,  on  the  record  of 
history,  the  name  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  as  the  Conservator  of  the 
Republic." 

The  above  resolutions  having  been  recorded,  the  Hon. 
Stephen  Salisbury,  President  of  the  Society,  made  a  brief  but 
impressive  address,  which  concluded  as  follows  : 

"  In  all  this  night  of  sufTering  and  trial,  this  nation  has  been  led  by  the 
hand  that  guides  the  stars,  in  a  way  it  knew  not,  to  objects  which  it  would 


THE  MARTYRS  TRIUMPH.  373 

not  have  attempted  to  reach.  And  when  tlie  harbor  of  enduring  peace 
and  prosperity  seemed  to  be  in  near  prospect,  tlie  beloved  pilot,  who  only 
was  deemed  to  be  competent  to  his  herculean  task,  v/as  slain  at  the  helm. 
While  we  weep,  we  will  thank  God,  that  not  a  spar  nor  a  plank  has  been 
displaced,  and  our  course  is  steady  and  unchanged.  Our  own  poet  must 
have  seen  in  vision  :  — 

*  Sail  on,  sail  on,  O  ship  of  state  ! 
Sail  on,  O  Union  strong  and  great ! 
Humanity  with  all  its  fears, 
With  all  the  hopes  of  future  years, 
Is  hanging  breathless  on  thy  fate  ; 
In  spite  of  rock  and  tempest's  roar, 
In  spite  of  false  lights  on  the  shore, 
Sail  on,  nor  fear  to  breast  the  sea, 
Our  hearts,  our  hopes,  are  all  with  thee." 

The  resolutions  were  then  unanimously  adopted  by  a  rising 
vote. 

Section  VII.  —  Resolves  of  the  City  Government. 
The  action  of  the  City  Government,  which  was  postponed 
at  the  meeting  held  on  the  morning  when  the  news  of  Mr. 
Lincoln's  death  was  received,  was  completed  at  a  meeting  on 
the  evening  of  May  :.,  when  a  set  of  resolutions,  prepared  at 
the  request  of  the  Mayor,  by  the  Hon.  Levi  Lincoln,  was 
unanimously  adopted,  and  ordered  to  be  entered  in  full  on  the 
journals.  The  preamble  and  resolutions  were  all  appropriate 
to  the  times,  and  were  expressed  with  all  the  terseness  and 
vigor  which  characterize  all  the  productions  of  the  honored 
author.  The  resolutions  which  were  of  permanent  interest 
are  here  inserted. 

"  Resolved,  That  we  bow  in  humble  submission  to  the  Divine  Providence 
which  has  permitted  the  beloved  and  honored  Chief  Magistrate  of  the 
nation,  Abraham  Lincoln,  to  be  taken  by  the  hand  of  violence  from  the 
scenes  of  his  labors,  and  from  the  scenes  of  our  national  triumphs,  at  a 
moment  when  all  eyes  were  turned  to  him  for  the  firmness,  wisdom  and 
discretion,  which  had  guided  us  through  four  years  of  civil  war,  and  which, 
we  believed,  would  guide  us  as  safely  through  all  the  difficulties  of  restora- 
tion and  stabUity  to  this  government. 

Resolved,  That  we  desire  to  record  our  devout  gratitude  to  God,  that  he 
granted  to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  this  historical  crisis,  a 
Chief  Magistrate  whose  character  becomes  a  rich  and  lasting  legacy  to 


374  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

this  and  succeeding  generations  ;  whose  pure  and  Christian  life,  whose 
patriotic  aims  and  purposes,  whose  temper  blending  the  qualities  of  justice 
and  mercy,  whose  conduct  as  a  ruler  acting  on  his  own  convictions,  but 
not  neglecting  the  wise  counsels  of  others,  will  transmit  his  name  and  his 
fame  second  only  in  the  line  of  presidents  to  those  of  the  beloved  and 
lamented  Washington. 

Resolved,  That  in  this  hour  of  national  bereavement,  when  the  first  im- 
pulses of  all  loyal  hearts  are  those  of  dismay  and  terror,  it  now,  more  than 
ever  before,  becomes  the  duty  of  every  true  citizen  to  stand,  with  renewed 
firmness  and  courage,  by  the  government  and  Union  of  our  fathers,  to  the 
end  that  all  the  traitors  of  this  country,  and  all  the  people  of  the  world, 
shall  perceive  and  know  that  the  death  of  our  president  cannot  retard,  for 
one  hour,  the  majestic  power  and  progress  of  our  government  ;  and  that 
its  victory,  over  all  its  enemies,  whether  at  home  or  abroad,  is  not  less  cer- 
tain now  than  when  Abraham  Lincoln  stood  in  life  at  its  helm. 

Resolved,  That  we  turn  with  pride  and  joy  to  the  fact,  that  while  the 
nation  is  bereaved,  its  history  is  not  interrupted  ;  that  under  our  glorious 
constitution  one  president  succeeds  another,  as  surely  and  as  grandly  as 
one's  days  sun  succeeds  the  preceding;  that  when  Lincoln, died  Johnson 
succeeded  to  his  place,  that  our  government  goes  on,  our  armies  march  to 
victory,  and  our  history  moves  on  its  sublime  mission  as  surely  to-day  as 
when  the  late  Chief  Magistrate  was  witness  with  Grant  to  the  fall  of  Rich- 
mond ;  and  that  we  call  upon  our  fellow-citizens  to  return  from  the  scenes 
of  mourning  to  rejoice  again  under  the  national  flag,  to  render  the  encour- 
agement and  support  to  President  Johnson  which  they  rendered  to  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  and  to  cultivate,  after  the  hour  of  gloom,  sentiments  of 
courage  and  cheerfulness,  and  faith  that  Almighty  God  has  in  store  for 
the  United  States  a  future  of  perpetual  beneficence  and  glory. 

Resolved,  That  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land,  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  from  the  northern  lakes  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  there  can  be  but  one  nation  ;  and  the  whole  people  must  be 
free." 

Section  VI IL  —  Final  Services  in  honor  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 

In  accordance  with  the  Proclamation  of  President  Johnson, 
funeral  honors  to  Mr.  Lincoln  were  paid  throughout  the  land 
on  the  first  day  of  June,  1865.  According  to  an  arrange- 
ment of  the  City  Government,  solemn  and  affecting  services 
were  held  in  this  city,  in  Mechanics  Hall,  on  that  day,  at  half 
past  two  o'clock,  p.m.  In  addition,  there  were  appropriate 
observances  in  several  places  of  public  worship.  The  record 
of  these  will  come  first  in  order. 


the  martyr  s  triumph.  375 

Services  in  Churches. 
Several  of  the  churches  were  open  for  service,  but  as  nearly 
all  the  clergymen  had  already  preached   in  reference  to  the 
life,  death,  and  character  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  only  a  few  of  them 
delivered   sermons  at  this    time.     There   were  meetings   for 
prayer  at  the  Baptist   churches,  and    also  at   the    Park   and 
Laurel  Street  Methodist  churches.     At  Zion's  Church,  Rev. 
Mr.  Davis  delivered  an  appropriate  sermon.     At  the  Mission 
Chapel  a  meeting  for  prayer  and  consultation  was  held,  when 
resolutions  expressing  thanks  to  Almighty  God  for  the  over- 
throw of  slavery,  and  asserting  the  right  of  the  freedmen  to 
the   suffrage,  were   passed.     At   the  Catholic  churches  high 
mass  was  said  in  the  morning,  large  audiences  being  present. 
At  the  Park  Street  Church,  Rev.  J.  A.  Mansfield,  from  the 
text  in  Rev.  19:  6 — "The  Lord  God  omnipotent  reigneth  !" 
showed  the  special  providences  of  God  for  this  nation  in  the 
provision  of  men  and  funds  for  the  war,  in  preventing  foreign 
intervention,  and  in  giving  us  Abraham  Lincoln  for  president ; 
and  that  we  ought  to  trust  Providence  in  the  work  before  us. 
He  hoped  the  nation  would  be  unable  to  take  one  step  towards 
reorganization,  until    the  African  was  recognized   as  a  man. 
The  time  had  come  when  God's   image  must  be  respected, 
whether  cut  in  ebony  or  alabaster. 

The  services  at  the  Central  church  were  opened  with  a 
dirge  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Lincoln.  The  words  and  music 
were  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Turner. 

"Mournful !  O  tearful !  Columbia  to-day  !  " 

After  the  invocation,  the  ancient  version  of  the  ninety- 
seventh  psalm  by  Tate  and  Brady  was  sung  : 

"  Jehovah  reigns  ;  let  all  the  earth 
In  his  just  government  rejoice  ;  " 

Dr.  Sweetser  then  read  the  twenty-sixth  chapter  of  Isaiah, 
and  offered  prayer.  "  Jehovah  reigns,  his  throne  is  high,"  was 
sung,  after  which  Dr.  Sweetser  preached  from  Psalm  9:  16  — 
"The  Lord  is  known  by  the  judgment  which  he  executeth  ; 
the  wicked  is  snared  in  the  work  of  his  own  hands."     As  he 


37^5  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

had  already  delivered  an  elaborate  and  admirable  discourse  in 
relation  to  President  Lincoln,  and  as  Col.  Bullock  was  to  deliver 
a  eulogy  in  the  afternoon,  he  turned  the  attention  of  his 
hearers  to  some  of  the  results  of  the  war,  and  the  aspects  of 
our  national  affairs.     He  illustrated  the  following  points. 

I.  "In  the  progress  of  the  war,  moral  truth  has  been  enforced  by  mate- 
rial events.  2.  God's  providence  has  quickened  the  sense  of  justice. 
3.  The  doctrine  of  punishment  has  been  brought  into  a  clearer  light. 
Under  the  second  head,  he  pronounced  emphatically  in  favor  of  impartial 
suifrage,  urging  that  we  should  need  all  the  squadrons  of  freedom  to  per- 
petuate our  liberties." 

At  the  Union  Church,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cutler,  leaving  the 
eulogy  of  Mr.  Lincoln  to  the  eloquent  gentleman  to  whom 
that  service  had  been  assigned,  introduced  his  discourse  by 
these  words  from  Exodus  18:  11  —  "Now  I  know  that  the 
Lord  is  greater  than  all  gods,  for  in  the  thing  wherein  they 
dealt  proudly,  he  was  above  them."  He  proceeded  to  trace 
the  providence  of  God  in  behalf  of  the  nation  and  of  Mr.  Lin- 
coln in  the  time  of  trial. 

"  Mr.  Lincoln's  nomination  as  a  candidate  for  the  presidency  furnished 
but  the  occasion  for  southern  men  to  concentrate  against  him  their  spite 
as  the  representative  of  northern  sentiment.  His  selection  as  a  candidate, 
almost  unknown  as  he  was,  could  only  be  considered  as  a  direct  interposi- 
tion of  God,  who  had  raised  him  up  as  he  raised  up  Moses,  for  the  great 
work  to  be  done.  The  plots  to  assassinate  the  president  before  his  inau- 
guration, were  averted  by  divine  interposition.  This  conspiracy  had  never 
been  abandoned,  and  the  hand  of  Providence  had  constantly  interposed  to 
save  him  until  his  great  work  was  done,  and  he  could  safely  be  spared. 
He  was  saved  to  the  nation  until  the  doomed  city  of  the  confederacy  had 
fallen,  and  he  had  walked  its  streets,  receiving  the  enthusiastic  greetings 
of  the  oppressed  people  whose  friend  he  had  ever  been. 

In  like  manner  Mr.  Lincoln  was  but  the  gentle,  patient,  persevering 
agent  of  Providence  for  the  great  task  of  emancipation,  and  through  exe- 
cutive moderation  combined  with  a  firm  purpose,  prevented  a  too  precipi- 
tate adoption  of  the  act  of  freedom.  He  was  a  man  of  prayer  who 
searched  the  word  of  God  for  light.  His  official  acts  were  more  than 
those  of  any  president  since  Washington  peculiarly  his  own,  and  com- 
pelled at  last  the  admiration  of  foreign  governments,  and  the  respect  of  his 
opponents  at  home.  .  .  . 

As  we  look  back  on  the  events  of  the  last  four  years,  we  feel  that  there 


THE    MARTYRS    TRIUMPH.  37/ 

was  in  all  a  divine  interposition  such  as  to  confound  the  wisest.  God  had 
a  purpose  in  all,  and  would  not  permit  the  sword  to  be  sheathed  until  it 
had  been  secured.  As  of  old,  the  seven  plagues  had  passed,  and  the, 
time  had  come  when  he  made  use  of  the  southern  Pharaoh  to  deliver  his 
people.  The  rebels  were  allowed  to  develop  their  power  to  the  utmost 
that  it  might  dwindle  and  leave  them  without  resources  ;  they  threatened 
the  North  with  detestation  and  beggary,  and  were  themselves  taken  in 
their  own  devices  ;  they  attempted  to  burn  northern  cities,  and  in  mad- 
ness they  burned  their  own.  Their  boasted  aristocracy,  chivalry  and 
refinement,  has  been  shown  and  proved  to  be  barbarism,  cruelty  and 
cowardice.  President  Lincoln,  though  dead,  lives  in  the  reverent  memory 
of  his  countrymen  and  of  the  world.  .  .  . 

While  God  has  been  thus  merciful  to  the  nation,  let  us  not  refuse  to 
recognize  his  hand  in  the  past,  and  trust  him  in  the  future.  Let  us  not 
forget  the  salutary  lessons  of  Providence,  but,  relying  on  his  favor,  let  us 
act  our  part  as  citizens  of  this  nation,  and  learn  to  cut  away  the  great 
iniquity  which  caused  the  sword  to  be  drawn,  that  law  may  be  revered 
and  civil  war  averted." 

At  the  Old  South  Church  a  large  congregation  had  assem- 
bled to  listen  to  a  discourse  from  the  pastor,  Rev.  Edward 
Walker,  who  had  just  returned  from  a  visit  to  Europe.  As 
this  young,  but  genial,  able  and  devoted  minister  was,  not 
long  after,  compelled  to  leave  his  pastorate,  vainly  to  seek  the 
prolongation  of  his  life  by  repose  and  the  vivifying  force  of 
another  '"limate,  there  are  many  who  fondly  cherish  his  mem- 
ory, and  will  recall  the  services  of  this  day  with  interest.  He 
was  assisted  in  the  devotional  exercises  by  Rev.  Mr.  Richard- 
son, of  the  Salem  Street  Church.  After  an  appropriate  vol- 
untary by  the  choir,  Mr.  Walker  read  from  the  prophet 
Samuel,  how  King  David  and  the  people  mourned  the  death 
of  Abner,  and  also  the  forty-sixth  Psalm  :  "  God  is  our  refuge 
and  strength.,"  Then  followed  a  long  and  earnest  prayer  by 
Mr.  Richardson.  The  choir  sang  the  hymn,  "  Servant  of  God, 
well  done." 

Mr  Walker,  like  other  speakers,  took  care  not  to  trench  on 
the  ground  belonging  to  the  orator  of  the  day.  Having  been 
in  Europe  at  the  time  of  the  assassination  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  he 
concluded  to  speak  of  events  connected  with  the  reception  of 
the  news,  of  which  events  he  was  an  eye-witness. 


3/8  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

"  The  first  news  they  had  of  the  assassination  of  President  Lincohi  came  to 
lliem  in  Venice,  and  in  the  utter  helplessness  of  the  hour,  the  loyal  Ameri- 
cans were  silent  and  paralyzed,  while  the  southern  sympathizers  were  loud 
in  their  belief  in  the  speedy  downfall  of  the  American  republic.  In  Turin 
we  found  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  draped  in  black,  and  the  deepest  feelings 
coming  from  the  hearts  of  the  people  everywhere  expressed.  No  death 
since  that  of  Count  Cavour  had  produced  so  profound  an  effect.  Indi- 
vidual instances  were  adduced  of  the  sorrow  manifested  among  the  Italian 
patriots,  one  of  whom  walked  to  and  fro  in  his  room  all  night,  overcome 
with  the  fear  that  there  was  now  no  hope  for  liberty  in  Europe.  The  one 
exception  in  the  midst  of  the  general  sorrow  was  Mr.  Mason,  of  Virginia, 
the  embodiment  of  the  spirit  of  rebellion  and  malice,  who  refused  to 
mourn.  No  one  thing  more  than  this  opened  the  eyes  of  Europe  to  the 
true  spirit  of  the  rebellion.  .  .  . 

He  said  that  the  news  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  death  affected  him  like  a  per- 
sonal bereavement.  He  never  knew  the  president,  and  had  not  been  slow 
to  attribute  to  him  certain  peculiarities  of  manner ;  but  when  gone  he 
found  he  had  been  leaning  on  him  as  on  a  father.  President  Lincoln  had 
frequently  been  likened  to  Moses,  in  his  leading  the  people  almost  to  the 
promised  land  ;  but  a  more  important  analogy  was  to  be  found,  in  the 
fact  that  Cod  chose  Moses  who  was  slow  of  speech,  and  in  the  same  way 
chose  Lincoln,  who  was  honest  and  simple,  and  not  then  known  among 
the  statesmen.  He  always  kept  the  ship  of  state  a  Httle  back  of  the  crest 
of  the  wave  of  public  opinion.  Some  more  impatient  wasted  themselves  in 
spray,  while  yet  others  were  way  back  in  the  trough  of  the  sea.  But  he 
was  never  too  fast,  never  too  slow. 

The  aristocratic  talk  he  met  with  three  months  ago  was,  that  if  Mr.  Lin- 
coln were  to  die,  our  country  would  fall  into  the  hands  of  a  military  des- 
potism. So  in  the  providence  of  Cod  it  became  necessary  for  the  cause 
of  liberty  to  show  that  the  source  of  democratic  power  lay  behind  the 
statecraft  of  one  individual.  So  Cod  seems  to  have  overruled  the  death  of 
President  Lincoln  for  the  good  of  all  nations.  Mr.  Walker  described 
vividly  how,  after  the  news  of  the  assassination  had  been  received,  the  next 
news  was  eagerly  looked  for  ;  and  how  when  it  came,  those  who  believed 
America  was  to  end  in  a  military  despotism  were  confounded.  In  Mr. 
Lincoln  the  great  problem  of  popular  liberty  was  wrought  out,  and  irrevo- 
cably demonstrated  in  his  death.  He  died  at  the  most  advanced  epochal 
point  of  the  world.     In  him  shall  all  the  nations  be  blessed." 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  made  the  concluding  prayer,  giv- 
ing thanks  for  the  hfe  of  such  a  man  as  President  Lincoln, 
and  that  he  had  been  spared  to  see  the  end  of  the  great  strug- 
gle ;  and  he  prayed  that  the  spirit  of  the  departed  president 


THE    MARTYR  S    TRIUMPH.  3/9 

might  abide  on  the  nation,  and  go  forth  to  all  the  world  ;  and 
that  the  world  might  behold  the  true  principles  of  liberty,  and 
that  his, man  tie  might  rest  on  our  present  chief  magistrate. 

Services  in  Mechanics  Hall. 

By  previous  arrangement,  Worcester  as  a  municipality 
united  with  the  whole  loyal  portion  of  our  country,  in  paying 
the  last  honors  to  the  beloved  president,  and  evinced  "  in  the 
most  formal  and  imposing  manner  the  great  sorrow  which 
thrilled  all  souls,  and  had  been  ineffaceably  engraven  on  all 
loyal  hearts."  At  half  past  two  o'clock  the  hall  was  thronged 
by  a  solemn  audience,  and  the  "hushed,  quiet  appearance  of 
the  vast  assembly  spoke  unmistakably  of  the  awe  and  reverence 
which  had  impressed  all  classes  of  our  community."  The 
people  could  not  do  too  much  to  signify  their  love  and  admira- 
tion for  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  they  came  from  their  several  places 
of  worship  into  the  great  hall  to  mingle  their  tears  once  more, 
and  again  to  render  their  tribute  of  tender  and  respectful 
homage. 

The  platform  was  occupied  by  the  most  honored  and  dis- 
tinguished citizens,  and  an  immense  choir  composed  of  the 
Worcester  Mozart  Society,  and  all  the  church  choirs  in  the 
city,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  B.  D.  Allen,  who  presided  at 
the  organ.  The  members  of  the  city  government  were 
seated  on  the  floor  of  the  hall. 

After  a  voluntary  on  the  organ,  the  Hon.  Phinehas  Ball, 
mayor,  who  presided  on  the  occasion,  spoke  as  follows  :  — 

"  Members  of  the  City  Council,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  — 
These  services  need  few  introductory  words  of  mine.  But  there  is  a 
speech  that  is  a  proper  prelude  on  an  occasion  like  this.  It  is  that  voice, 
that  utterance,  where  the  spirit  communes  reverently  with  the  unseen,  and 
where,  through  these  mysterious  and  unseen  influences,  the  devout  and 
chastened  soul  feels  that  in  all  the  amazing  and  appalling  events  of  life, 
God  still  reigns  and  rules  for  good  among  the  affairs  of  men.  That  voice 
is  the  utterance  of  prayer,  in  which  you  are  asked  to  join  with  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Hill." 

After  the  prayer,  the  choir  performed,  with  fine  effect,  the 
choral  from  "  Elijah,"  "  Cast  thy  burden  upon  the  Lord." 


380  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Appropriate  selections  from  the  Bible  were  then  read  by 
Rev.  Ebenezer  Cutler.  The  quartette  choir  of  All  Saints 
Church  next  sang  the  following  requiem,  which  was  written  for 
the  occasion  by  the  rector  of  that  church,  Rev.  William  R. 
Huntington, 

REQUIEM. 

[manoah.] 

"  The  Father  of  a  people  sleeps  : 
His  patient  toil  is  done  ; 
For  us  accustomed  watch  he  keeps 
No  more  beneath  the  sun. 

He  dealt  in  mercy  with  his  foes ; 

He  made  the  bondsman  free  ; 
Lord,  as  he  did  it  unto  those, 

He  did  it  unto  Thee. 

He  braved  the  long,  tempestuous  night ; 

He  watched  the  reddening  sky  ; 
He  tasted  victory  with  the  light, 

Then  bowed  his  head  to  die. 

With  booming  gun,  and  tolling  bell. 

We've  borne  him  to  the  grave. 
Through  the  broad  land  he  loved  so  well, 

The  land  he  wrought  to  save. 

Ye  prairie  winds,  breathe  low  his  dirge  ! 

From  all  ye  mountains  gray  ! 
With  mournful  cadence,  mighty  surge, 

Beat  the  long  coasts  to-day  ! 

Our  tongues  are  stilled ;  we  only  know 

The  Judge  of  All  does  right, 
With  tears,  the  precious  seed  we  sow  ; 

Lord,  make  our  harvest  white." 

The  Hon.  Alexander  H.  Bullock,  the  speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  and  since  the  thrice-electecl  governor  of 
the  Commonwealth,  was  introduced  to  the  audience,  and  for 
more  than  two  hours  held  the  vast  company  in  charmed 
silence  while  he  depicted  the  life,  the  services,  the  providential 
leadings,  the  character,  the  talents,  and  the  death  of  President 
Lincoln.  His  oration  ranks  among  the  first  of  those  delivered 
on  the   same   occasion,  by  our  greatest   orators   in    different 


(^Z/c^     c/zT,  ^^^u^,^-t>^ 


J  H.  Danieh  Pr 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  38 1 

parts  of  the  country.  If  it  were  not  easily  accessible,  and 
were  not  destined  to  hold  a  permanent  place  in  our  national 
literature,  the  author  of  this  work  would  crave  the  privilege  of 
inserting  it  here  to  the  last  syllable.  But  as  there  is  no 
necessity  for  this,  a  few  extracts  will  be  given  for  the  pleasure 
of  those  who  may  not  see  the  oration  in  full.  The  opening 
paragraphs  are  given  without  abridgment  as  follows  :  — 

"  It  would  be  a  painful  suppression  of  one  of  the  finest  of  human 
instincts,  and  an  unbecoming  disregard  of  the  official  proclamation  of  the 
chief  magistrate,  if  this  city  were  not  among  the  foremost  to  accord  its 
voice  to  the  personal  cry  of  the  nation.  Never  before,  in  high  joy  or  deep 
grief,  has  the  normal  simplicity  of  America  given  way  to  such  pageant 
grandeur.  The  great  fountains  of  public  sorrow  have  been  broken  up, 
and  a  whole  people  have  turned  out  to  herald  their  president  returning  in 
silence  to  the  dust  of  the  prairie.  I  look  back  over  forty  centuries  for  the 
like  of  this.  My  eye  discerns  no  fit  resemblance  in  anything  which  the 
conceits  of  heathen  mythology  have  transmitted,  not  in  that  mythical  sym- 
pathy of  the  Tiber  for  Marcellus,  fortunate  recipient  of  such  honor,  — nor 
in  the  many  memorial  Italian  marbles  and  temples,  —  nor  in  all  the  tasteful 
pomp  which  has  conducted  French  kings  to  their  imperial  sleep,  and  has 
made  their  capital  a  vast  lettered  monument  to  its  one  great  departed, 
—  nor  in  the  drum  beat,  and  cathedral  service,  and  royal  guard,  which 
have  escorted  English  monarchs  from  the  palace  to  the  abbey.  The 
earliest  and  latest  age  alone  meet  now  in  comparison  of  mournful 
pageantry.  The  Orient  and  the  West,  the  third  of  Hebrew  patriarchs  and 
the  sixteenth  president,  four  thousand  years  apart,  are  pictured  before  us 
to-day  in  the  same  spectacle  and  lesson  of  a  nation  following  a  just  and 
true  ruler  to  his  tomb. 

I.  do  not  suppose  that  in  all  the  intervening  period,  fretted  and  gilded  as 
it  has  been  with  art  and  culture,  anything  like  the  passage  of  the  herald- 
corpse  of  Jacob  from  his  death-bed  to  the  field  and  cave  of  his  fathers, 
in  public  turn-out,  and  general  lamentation,  and  sincerity  of  grief,  has 
occurred  before  until  now.  To  the  two  thousand  descendants  of  that 
deceased,  to  all  those  sent  forth  by  his  premier-son,  the  most  munificent 
of  the  line  of  Egyptian  kings  ordered  all  the  public  men  of  his  country  to 
report  for  additional  escort  on  the  long  and  patient  and  solemn  march. 
Chariots  and  horsemen,  men  and  maidens,  the  grim  visages  of  age  and 
the  dusky  beauty  of  youth,  in  lengthened  procession,  with  palms  and 
music,  and  benediction,  in  behalf  of  that  early  world,  paid  the  last  tribute 
to  a  great  and  just  benefactor,  to  a  builder  of  empire.  Measuring  the 
days  by  their  solemn  tramp  and  their  halts  for  condolence,  the  swarthy 
column  moved  on  over  two  hundred  miles,  and  laid  their  treasured  hero  in 
the  august  repository  of  the  first  and  second  of  his  line. 


382  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

That  oriental  retinue  of  bereavement  and  sublimity  has  been  matched 
and  echpsed  within  this  last  lunar  month.  Dying  without  the  conscious- 
ness but  with  all  the  pathos  of  his  eastern  exemplar  and  progenitor,  the 
foremost  man  of  this  western  world  has  been  carried  to  his  rural  rest 
beyond  the  mountains  and  near  the  great  river.  Awhile  he  lay  in  state  at 
the  capital  where  he  fell,  that  all  classes  might  gather  about,  to  learn  the 
lessons  of  historical  providence  and  witness  the  presence  of  God.  His 
dust,  garnered  beneath  richest  canopies,  preceded  by  raven-waving 
plumes,  and  flanked  by  reverse  arms  of  the  flower-youth  of  the  land,  has 
been  borne  on  triumphal  route  through  the  chief  cities  of  a  continent. 
The  Monumental  City  opened  her  gates  in  love,  which  four  years  before 
would  have  closed  them  against  him,  if  she  had  known  his  coming.  Inde- 
pendance  Hall  struck  its  bell,  and  the  dismal  undulations  spread  through 
half  a  million  of  hearts  as  he  passed  by.  The  great  emporium  of  the 
North,  which  had  made  a  jest  of  much  of  his  life  in  office,  bowed  as  a 
unit,  like  a  stricken  child,  and  paid  such  honors  to  his  passing  shade  as 
nowhere  have  been  witnessed  on  the  earth.  Still  onward  and  westward, 
a  thousand  miles  yet  to  go,  surrounded  by  vast  throngs,  all  and  every- 
where reverential,  all  and  everywhere  casting  choicest  flowers  upon  the 
pathway  of  the  dead,  —  as  if  twenty  millions  had  assembled  to  make  ova- 
tion before  the  corporeal  symbol  of  a  benefactor  —  your  president  was 
taken  to  his  last  abode,  where  he  shall  rest  till  the  dead  shall  rise  at  the 
call  of  the  archangel." 

The  orator  then  sketched  the  early  Hfe  of  Mr.  Lincohi,  his 
obscurity,  his  struggles,  his  honesty,  his  simplicity,  and  his 
unprecedentedly  sudden  rise  to  power  and  fame,  when  the 
time  had  come  for  him  to  do  the  work  of  an  all-wise  Provi- 
dence. In  speaking  of  the  divine  interposition  in  our  behalf, 
as  seen  in  Mr.  Lincoln's  nomination  for  the  presidency,  Mr. 
Bullock  used  these  words. 

"  Fortunate,  providential  selection  !  Any  other  apparently  would  have 
shipwrecked  the  Ark  of  the  Covenant.  If  you  consider  how  inevitable  are 
the  jealousies  of  the  West  towards  the  East,  to  which  we  must  always 
submit,  and  which  we  must  always  palliate  since  we  cannot  prevent  or 
remove  them,  —  if  especially,  you  reflect  what  a  band  of  fate  that  Father 
of  Waters  is  to  us  all,  and  how  we  must  keep  peace  and  conciliation  with 
those  river  gods  if  we  expect  unity,  prosperity,  and  glory,  —  if  you  freshly 
remember  how,  since  this  war  began  the  people  of  the  West,  though  their 
sons  were  dying  in  the  same  trenches  and  in  the  same  hospitals  with  ours, 
have  thought  and  said  that  we  were  reaping  the  greater  benefits  of  the 
sacrifice,  —  you  will  agree  with  me  that  none  but  a  western  president 
could  have  kept  our  armies,  our  voters,  and  our  hearts  united  amid  the 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  383 

afflictions  and  reverses  that  have  rolled  their  thunders  and  their  floods 
over  us.  And  so  the  hand  of  our  father's  God  interposed  against  our 
calculations  five  years  ago  at  the  City  of  the  Lakes." 

He  then  spoke  of  the  spirit  in  which  Mr.  Lincoln  accepted 
his  nomination,  and  when  elected,  entered  upon  the  duties  of 
his  great  office,  when  the  Union  was  crumbling  into  frag- 
ments. He  instanced  his  judgment,  his  tact,  his  patience,  his 
clear  insight,  his  stout-hearted  fortitude,  his  fairness,  his 
humility,  his  free  distribution  of  praise  to  those  whose  coun- 
sels he  sometimes  had  occasion  to  confess  were  wiser  than  his 
own,  and  his  genial  humor,  which  daily  dropped  pregnant 
witticisms  into  the  great  sea  of  national  thought,  and  dispersed 
them  all  over  the  country,  as  the  circles  of  water  spread  to  the 
remotest  shore,  or  the  harmless  lightning  of  the  evening  sky 
shines  over  the  whole  heavens.  After  paying  due  tribute  to 
the  wonderful  reasoning  faculty  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  his  still 
more  wonderful  mastery  of  style,  both  in  speech  and  with  the 
pen,  and  extolling  the  magnanimity  of  his  unselfish  and  unen- 
vious  soul,  he  spoke  as  follows  in  regard  to  the  president's 
religious  character. 

"  He  believed  in  God.  You  know  how  he  left  his  home  for  Washing- 
ton, in  February,  1861,  in  his  parting  words  requesting  that  his  neighbors 
would  array  in  his  support  the  mysterious  power  of  the  legions  of  prayer, 
and  after  he  had  assumed  his  high  trust  at  the  capital,  he  cultivated  that 
religious  life  which  is  the  best  guarantee  of  a  nation's  triumph.  While  war, 
according  to  its  prescriptive  laws,  opened  all  the  avenues  of  inconsidera- 
tion  and  levity  to  others,  he  drew  his  consolations  and  refreshed  his  cour- 
age at  the  never-failing  fountains  of  Divine  Mercy.  It  was  this,  added  to 
his  humorous  and  sunny  views,  which  bore  him  upward  and  onward 
through  such  a  regime  of  four  years  as  never  had  been  allotted  to  a  head 
that  wore  a  crown.  And  therefore  all  the  people  believed  in  him.  More 
distinctly  than  any  other  president  since  Washington,  he  irradiated  the 
official  pathway  at  all  times  and  in  all  places  with  the  conspicuous  publi- 
city of  Christian  ethics." 

After  eulogising  the  tenderness  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  finely 
discriminating  in  regard  to  the  tendency  of  his  nature  to  make 
Justice  walk  behind  Mercy,  he  closed  with  these  eloquent 
sentences. 


384  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

"  But  another  guerdon  awaits  our  president.  He  sought  to  save,  not  to 
destro}'.  He  labored  to  uphold  the  pillars  of  the  Temple  whose  grace 
and  beauty,  if  magistrates  prove  faithful,  can  never  decay.  He  studied 
policy  and  wisdom  day  and  night  in  a  civil  war  which  cost  him  his  life, 
that  his  country  might  live,  and  fought  treason  on  every  line  and  in  every 
trench  over  half  the  states,  that  democratic  government  in  America  might 
shine  forth  to  cheer  and  animate  and  guide  mankind  to  the  remotest 
bounds  of  the  world  and  of  time.  He  ransomed  four  millions  of  his  own 
countrymen  from  the  thraldom  of  two  hundred  years,  and  died  under  the 
blov/  of  slavery  in  the  ecstacy  of  the  sight.  No  matter  when,  or  where,  or 
how  death  should  come  to  him,  —  for  Abraham  Lincoln  has  completed 
the  work  which  George  Washington  began,  —  to  His  victories,  great  and 
unapproachable,  he  has  added  such  triumphs  as  war  never  contemplated 
before,  —  to  the  broad  field  of  his  civic  glory  he  has  imparted  a  still 
broader  radiance,  — and  he  now  goes  from  our  presence  into  the  presence 
of  other  ages  garlanded  with  the  double  honor  of  Restorer  and 
Liberator." 

The  oration  was  received  with  cordial  and  often-expressed 
approbation.  The  following  hymn,  written  by  Dr.  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  at  the  request  of  the  civil  authorities  of 
Boston,  for  the  service  on  the  same  day  in  that  city,  and 
kindly  furnished  by  them  to  our  committee  of  arrangements, 
was  then  sung  by  the  great  choir. 

Choral:  Luther's  "Judgment  Hymn." 
"  O  Thou  of  soul  and  sense  and  breath. 
The  ever  present  giver, 
Unto  Thy  mighty  angel,  Death, 
All  flesh  Thou  dost  deliver  ; 
What  most  we  cherish  we  resign, 
For  life  and  death  alike  are  Thine, 
Who  reignest  Lord  forever  ! 

Our  hearts  lie  buried  in  the  dust 

With  him,  so  true  and  tender, 
The  patriot's  stay,  the  people's  trust, 

The  shield  of  the  offender  ; 
Yet  every  murmuring  voice  is  still, 
As  bowing  to  Thy  sovereign  will, 

Our  best  loved  we  surrender. 

Dear  Lord,  with  pitying  eye  behold, 

This  martyr  generation. 
Which  Thou,  through  trials  manifold, 


THE    martyr's    triumph.  385 

Art  shewing  Thy  salvation  ! 
O  let  the  blood  by  murder  spilt 
Wash  out  Thy  stricken  children's  guilt 

And  sanctify  our  nation  ! 

Be  Thou  Thy  orphaned  Israel's  friend, 

Forsake  Thy  people  never  ; 
In  one  our  broken  many  blend, 

That  none  again  may  sever  ! 
Hear  us,  O  Father,  while  we  raise 
With  trembling  lips  our  song  of  praise 

And  bless  Thy  name  forever  !  " 

The  benediction  was  pronounced  by  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson, 
and  the  audience  reverently  retired. 

This  chapter  will  be  fitly  closed  with  a  brief  reference  to 
the  religious  character  of  Mr.  Lincoln.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Sweet- 
ser,  in  a  discourse  delivered  on  the  twenty-third  of  April, 
1865,  being  the  second  Sunday  after  the  decease  of  the 
lamented  president,  treated  the  subject  with  such  discrimina- 
tion and  candor,  that  the  following  extract  will  commend 
itself  to  every  reader. 

"  Very  evidently,  there  was  all  along  an  education  and  an  exaltation  of 
the  sentiments  of  the  heart.  There  was  more  in  his  thoughtfulness  than 
was  demanded  by  the  solution  of  a  perplexity.  There  was  a  higher 
restraint  in  the  caution  of  his  utterances  than  is  due  to  prudence  in  affairs. 
A  deeper  feeling  moved  him  than  the  instincts  of  a  humane  and  generous 
disposition.  He  gained  a  richer  endowment  than  a  simple-hearted  ingen- 
uous kindness.  No  one  can  have  watched  his  course  as  a  man  and  a 
ruler  without  detecting  in  him  an  increasing  religious  seriousness,  a  tone 
and  simphcity  of  faith  in  God  and  his  providence  ;  an  evident  seeking 
after  a  knowledge  of  the  will  and  counsel  of  the  Most  High.  All  this  was 
added  to  a  frankness  and  ingenuousness  and  rare  kindliness  of  nature,  a 
sort  of  inflexible  gentleness,  which  spread  a  veil  over  rougher  features  ; 
and  this  unaffected  piety  gave  a  tone  to  his  measures  and  to  his  utterances 
everywhere  perceptible.  This  religious  conscientiousness  inspired  him 
with  courage  to  attempt,  and  decision  in  executing,  the  requirements  of 
duty.  Will  any  one  say,  that  he  did  not  find  something  of  a  practical 
force  controlling  him,  in  the  law  of  love,  from  the  teachings  and  example 
of  Christ  ?  Will  any  one  say,  that,  when  his  mind  turned  to  the  exercise 
of  mercy,  he  had  no  inward  promptings,  gathered  from  the  voice  of 
mercy  to  which  he  himself  listened  in  the  promises  of  the  Redeemer  ? 
His  late  addresses  indicate  a  depth  of  serious  feeling  which  has  now  a 

25 


386  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

significance,  unrealized  till  death  added  its  emphasis.  Can  any  man  read 
the  solemn  utterances  of  the  Fourth  of  March  last,  without  the  con- 
viction that  they  are  the  profound  reflections  of  a  heart  which  looked  into 
the  ways  of  God  with  trembling  reverence,  rather  than  the  conventional 
language  proper  to  an  established  ceremony  of  state  ?  '  If  we  suppose 
American  slavery  is  one  of  those  offences  which,  in  the  providence  of 
God,  must  needs  come,  but  which,  having  continued  through  his  appointed 
time,  he  now  wills  to  remove  ;  and  that  he  gives  to  both  North  and  South 
this  terrible  war  as  the  woe  due  to  those  by  whom  the  offence  came,  — 
shall  we  discern  therein  any  departure  from  those  divine  attributes  which 
the  believers  in  a  living  God  always  ascribe  to  him  ?  Fondly  do  we  hope, 
fervently  do  we  pray,  that  this  mighty  scourge  of  war  may  soon  pass 
away.  Yet,  if  God  wills  that  it  continue  till  all  the  wealth  piled  by  the 
bondsman's  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  unrequited  toil  shall  be  sunk, 
and  until  every  drop  of  blood  drawn  by  the  lash  shall  be  paid  by  another 
drawn  by  the  sword,  as  was  said  three  thousand  years  ago,  so  still  it  must 
be  said,  —  "  The  judgments  of  the  Lord  are  true  and  righteous  altogether."  ' 
These  words  are  spoken  with  the  solemnity  of  the  old  prophets  who 
declared  the  judgments  of  God." 

An  anecdote  will  illustrate  the  truth  of  what  is  said  above  in 
regard  to  the  "  increasing  religious  seriousness,"  the  steady 
growth  of  the  Christian  sentiment  in  the  heart  of  Mr.  Lincoln. 
Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  called  on  by  an  old  gen- 
tleman then  on  a  visit  to  Washington.  As  this  gentleman 
was  about  to  withdraw,  he  addressed  the  president  in  the 
most  respectful  manner,  craving  his  pardon  for  the  question 
he  was  about  to  ask.  Being  encouraged  to  go  on,  he  said  that 
a  neighbor  of  his  enjoined  him  to  inquire  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  "  Are 
you  a  Christian  .?  Do  you  love  Jesus.?"  After  a  moment's 
pause,  Mr.  Lincoln  replied  v;ith  deep  and  tender  emotion, 
"  No  apology  is  needed.  I  am  glad  you  asked  the  question. 
Tell  your  aged  neighbor  that  when,  leaving  Springfield,  in  the 
winter  of  1861,  I  asked  my  neighbors  to  pray  for  me,  I  vi^as 
not  a  Christian  ;  when  my  little  boy,  Teddie,  died,  and  my 
heart  was  broken,  I  was  not  a  Christian  ;  but  that  when, 
before  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  being  weighed  down  with 
anxiety,  I  laid  the  state  of  the  country  before  God,  and  gave  up 
everything  to  his  guidance,  I  was  a  Christian.  I  do  love 
Jesus." 


MISCELLANEOUS.  387 


CHAPTER     XVII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

There  are  several  matters  which  require  distinct  notice, 
but  as  they  are  not  nearly  related  in  their  nature,  they  must 
be  grouped  in  a  miscellaneous  form.  For  example,  there  has 
been  no  opportunity  to  refer,  except  in  an  incidental  way,  to 
the  services  of  staff  officers,  many  of  whom  rendered  very 
valuable  aid,  while  they  acquired  the  enduring  regard  of  their 
associates,  and  the  gratitude  of  the  private  soldiers.  More- 
over, Worcester  was  represented  in  the  navy  by  several  of  her 
sons,  and  a  brief  reference  to  their  exploits  is  due  to  them  and 
to  the  truth  of  history.  There  were,  besides,  a  large  number 
of  men  in  the  army  from  other  cities,  towns  and  states,  who 
are  proud  of  Worcester  as  the  place  of  their  birth,  but  who 
are  credited  to  the  place  of  their  residence.  It  is  quite  impos- 
sible to  ascertain  their  number,  but  it  would  not  be  right  on 
that  account,  to  omit  all  mention  of  their  part  in  the  war 
against  the  rebellion.  Again,  Worcester  furnished  her  pro- 
portion of  colored  soldiers,  whose  services  demand  distinct 
recognition. 

Section  I.  —  Staff  Officers. 
The  officers  in  command  of  the  various  regiments  which 
were  organized  in  Worcester,  almost  uniformly  spoke  in  high 
terms  of  the  members  of  their  staff  in  their  official  reports. 
It  is  not  possible  to  draw  distinctions  between  officers,  all  of 
whom  performed  their  duty  ;  nor  is  it  within  the  province  of  the 
author  to  distribute  praise  and  censure.  And  in  mentioning 
certain  names,  no  censure  is  implied  in  regard  to  those  which 
are  omitted.     Many  officers  of  the  separate  staffs  held  other 


388  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

positions   before  the  war  closed,    and   earned  their  meed  of 
praise  in  those  connections. 

It  will  not  be  invidious  to  refer  specially  to  the  services  of 
George  W.  Baldwin,  Esq.,  who  was  a  lawyer  in  partnership 
with  Hon.  Dwight  Foster,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war.  His 
commission  as  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volunteers,  with 
the  rank  of  captain,  was  signed  by  the  president,  June  ii, 
1862.  His  active  duties  with  the  regiment  terminated  imme- 
diately after  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks.  During  the  week  pre- 
ceding that  affair,  he  had  been  confined  to  his  tent  with  camp 
fever,  but  the  regiment  was  so  short  of  officers,  that  he 
insisted  upon  being  lifted  into  the  saddle,  and  accompanying 
the  colonel  to  the  field.  The  excitement  of  the  battle  gave 
him  unnatural  strength  which  lasted  till  the  fight  was  over. 
A  reaction  followed,  and  he  was  ordered  into  hospital,  much 
against  his  inclination.  The  following  are  the  terms  which 
were  used  by  Colonel  Kimball,  in  reference  to  the  services  of 
Mr.  Baldwin,  in  the  battle.  "Too  much  praise  cannot  be 
awarded  to  Adjutant  Baldwin,  who  got  up  from  a  sick  bed 
against  my  express  wishes,  to  render  me  what  service  he  could. 
He  was  scarcely  able  to  sit  upon  his  horse,  but  he  remained 
with  me  during  the  entire  battle,  conveying  my  orders  with 
great  promptness  and  precision." 

He  was  not  able  to  return  to  active  service  till  the  early 
part  of  September.  In  the  meantime,  he  had  been  assigned 
to  the  staff  of  General  Devens,  and  had  joined  his  command 
about  a  week  before  the  battle  of  Antietam.  During  the 
night  of  Burnside's  retreat  across  the  Rappahannock,  he  met 
with  an  accident  which  led  to  his  leaving  the  service. 
General  Devens  was  in  command  of  the  outlying  pickets,  con- 
sisting of  his  own  and  Torbert's  Brigades,  and  perhaps  other 
troops,  which  were  kept  in  position  in  order  to  deceive  the 
enemy  by  an  appearance  of  strength,  while  the  rest  of  the 
army  were  crossing  to  the  north  side  of  the  river.  About 
midnight  orders  were  received  to  withdraw,  and  as  Captain 
Baldwin  was  riding  rapidly,  in  a  dark  and  stormy  night, 
across  a  strange  country,  to  communicate  with  the  officers  in 


MISCELLANEOUS.  389 

command  along  the  line,  his  horse  fell  with,  and  upon  him, 
over  a  steep  bank.  Both  bones  of  his  right  leg  were  fractured 
below  the  keee.  In  consequence  he  was  six  weeks  in  hospi- 
tal, and  it  was  several  months  before  he  could  move  without 
crutches.  This  led  to  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted 
April  16,  1863.  Captain  Baldwin  enjoyed  the  personal  confi- 
dence and  esteem  of  General  Devens,  as  a  brave,  zealous  and 
capable  officer.  In  his  report  relating  to  the  above  service, 
General  Devens  refers  as  follows  to  Captain  Baldwin,  and 
others  of  his  staff.  "  I  am  under  especial  obligations  for  their 
zeal  and  fidelity  to  my  staff,  —  Captain  G.  W.  Baldwin,  assist- 
ant adjutant-general,  who  was  severely  injured,  to  my  aid. 
Lieutenant  D.  Washburn,  Jr.,  and  Quartermaster  J.  Aborn, 
volunteer  aide-de-camp." 

Church  Howe  was  an  active  officer  in  many  capacities 
and  positions  during  the  war.  His  versatility  seemed  to  qual- 
ify him  for  various  kinds  of  service.  He  went  out  as  quarter- 
master in  the  Fifteenth,  and  in  that  as  well  as  other  offices 
during  the  war,  acquitted  himself  as  an  efficient  officer.  In 
1863,  January  i8,  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy,  and 
remained  with  the  regiment  several  months  before  his  dis- 
charge. 

What  is  said  above  in  reference  to  these  two  officers,  must 
not  be  understood  as  implying  that  others  were  not  equally 
efficient  and  worthy  ;  but  such  have  been  referred  to  elsewhere,  . 
or  their  record  has  not  fallen  under  the  author's  eye. 

The  following  gentlemen  went  into  the  service  in  the  capac- 
ity of  Surgeons,  some  of  them  commencing  as  assistants, 
viz. :  Drs.  Oramel  Martin,  Joseph  N.  Bates,  J.  Marcus  Rice, 
Peter  Hubon,  Samuel  Foster  Haven,  Jr.,  Samuel  Flagg,  and 
Horace  Mecorney.  A  biographical  notice  of  Dr.  Haven  will 
be  found  in  the  last  chapter  of  this  work.  The  names  of  the 
other  gentlemen  have  had  honorable  mention  already,  in  con- 
nection with  their  respective  regiments.  A  few  lines  will  be 
devoted  to  them  in  this  place. 

Dr.  Martin  accompanied  the  Third  Battalion  Riflemen  in 
their  hurried  march  to  Annapolis,  and  was  of  inestimable  ser- 


390  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

vice  to  the  raw  troops,  entirely  unaccustomed  to  war.  His 
report  will  be  found  in  the  proper  connection.  Soon  after 
the  return  of  the  Third  Battalion,  he  was  appointed  by  the 
president  brigade  surgeon,  or  surgeon  of  volunteers,  with  the 
rank  of  major.  In  September,  1861,  he  reported  to  General 
Hunter,  and  joined  him  at  Raleigh,  Missouri.  He  was  then 
making  the  campaign  in  pursuit  of  General  Price.  Subse- 
quently, till  the  month  of  December,  he  had  charge  of  a  hos- 
pital at  Otterville,  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  miles  west  of 
St.  Louis.  Here  he  had  twelve  hundred  patients.  He  was 
then  ordered  to  Kansas,  with  General  Hunter,  and  at  Fort 
Scott,  and  afterwards  at  Fort  Riley,  acted  as  medical  director 
in  fitting  out  expeditions  for  Texas  and  New  Mexico.  After 
the  battle  of  Pittsburgh  Landing,  he  was  ordered  to  St.  Louis 
to  take  charge  of  the  Pacific  Hospital.  This  was  in  the  spring 
and  early  summer  of  1862. 

About  the  last  of  June  he  was  ordered  to  Mississippi,  and 
appointed  medical  director  of  the  cavalry  operating  in  that 
section.  Here  he  was  attacked  with  chills  and  fever,  and 
with  chronic  diarrhea,  in  consequence  of  which  he  was  greatly 
reduced,  and  compelled  to  resign,  in  July.  Returning  home, 
he  was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  for 
the  Eighth  District,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He 
is  now  President  of  the  Board  of  Surgical  Examiners  for  Pen- 
sions for  the  county  of  Worcester. 

Dr.  Bates  was  surgeon  of  the  Fifteenth,  and  rendered 
needed  aid  to  the  soldiers  wounded  at  Ball's  Bluff,  though  his 
own  health  was  not  good  at  the  time.  He  continued  in  the 
service  till  July  17,  1862,  when  his  assistant.  Dr.  Haven, 
became  surgeon. 

Dr.  Rice  was  offered  a  commission  in  the  Twenty-first 
Regiment,  but  declined  it.  He  went  out  with  the  Twenty- 
fifth,  his  commission  bearing  date  September  16,  1861.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  chest  at  the  battle  of  Roanoke  Island. 
In  October,  1863,  he  was  captured  near  Newbern,  North 
Carolina,  and  was  in  Libby  Prison,  Richmond,  about  five 
weeks.     He  continued  with  his  regiment  during  its  term  of 


MISCELLANEOUS.  39I 

three  years.  Subsequently  he  held  the  position  of  acting 
staff  surgeon.  He  was  at  one  time  medical  director, 
Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  and  at  another,  medical  inspector, 
Army  of  the  James.  He  held  the  rank  of  major.  Dr.  Rice 
was  held  in  high  esteem  by  officers  and  men. 

Dr.  HuBON  was  commissioned  as  surgeon  of  the  Second 
Heavy  Artillery,  but  actually  served  with  the  Twenty-eighth 
Regiment,  which  he  joined  May  27,  1863.  He  served  through 
the  war,  with  an  honorable  reputation. 

Dr.  Flagg  went  out  with  the  Twenty-fifth  as  assistant 
surgeon,  July  31,  1861,  and  continued  in  the  field  till  August 
9,  1863. 

Dr.  Mecorney  joined  the  Twenty-fifth  as  assistant  surgeon, 
September  20,  1862,  and  held  this  position  until  July  13,  in 
the  following  year. 

The  Chaplains  who  represented  Worcester  in  the  war, 
were  comparatively  few.  The  name  of  Rev.  Mr.  Cromack 
has  already  been  mentioned  as  having  entered  the  service  in 
the  early  part  of  the  war.  Rev.  Charles  T.  Canfield  was 
with  the  Thirty-sixth,  from  August  28,  1862,  till  his  discharge, 
on  the  twentieth  of  October,  1863.  Rev.  Gilbert  Cummings 
was  chaplain  of  the  Fifty-first,  a  nine  months'  regiment.  It  is 
presumed  that  all  these  gentlemen  worthily  performed  the 
important  duties  of  their  sacred  office. 

Rev.  William  G.  Scandlin  was  the  efficient  chaplain  of 
the  Fifteenth  Regiment.  He  belonged  to  Grafton,  where  he 
now  resides  as  the  pastor  of  his  people.  We  have  no  right  and 
no  disposition  to  rob  Grafton  of  the  honor  conferred  upon  her 
by  so  faithful  an  officer ;  but  as  he  became  endeared  to  so 
many  officers  and  soldiers  belonging  to  this  city,  the  privilege 
is  claimed  of  recording  here  the  universal  sense  of  his  great 
merit  as  a  chaplain. 

The  Rev.  Horace  James  was  the  esteemed  pastor  of  the 
Old  South  Church.  He  resigned  that  position  of  honor  and 
influence,  to  become  the  chaplain  of  the  Twenty-fifth.  He 
entered  the  service  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  October,  1861, 
and  continued  with  the  regiment  until  the  twenty-seventh  of 


392  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

April,  1864.  He  was  subsequently  A.  Q.  M.,  Massachusetts 
Volunteers,  The  ability  and  patriotism  of  Mr.  James  ren- 
dered him  conspicuous.  His  devotion  to  the  welfare  of  his 
charge  in  the  army,  in  regard  to  both  their  temporal  and  spir- 
itual interests,  will  be  gratefully  remembered  by  many  so  long 
as  their  memory  of  the  war  shall  last.  The  estimation  in 
which  he  was  held  by  his  fellow  officers,  was  expressed  in  a 
resolution  which  has  been  given  in  a  former  chapter.  After 
leaving  the  service,  he  labored  zealously,  and  at  great  sacrifice, 
to  inaugurate  profitable  labor  among  the  freedmen.  He  then 
resumed  the  pastoral  office,  and  became  pastor  of  the  First 
Congregational  Church,  in  Lowell.  He  is  now  occupying 
that  position,  and  is  one  of  the  proprietors  and  editors  of  the 
Boston  Congregationalist  and  Recorder,  a  weekly  religious 
paper  of  wide  circulation  and  extended  influence. 

Section  II.  —  Worcester  in  the  Navy. 

Internal  cities  and  towns  have  comparatively  little  direct 
connection  with  the  navy.  A  few  youth  who  have  a  yearning 
for  the  sea,  make  the  ocean  their  home,  and  occasionally  a 
young  man  receives  an  appointment  as  cadet  in  the  Naval 
Academy.  But  as  it  is  not  equitable  that  the  seaports,  where 
the  sailors  are  found,  and  where  the  navy  is  recruited,  should 
be  credited  with  all  those  who  enter  the  naval  service,  it 
was  arranged  that  all  the  sailors  in  the  navy,  from  a  state, 
should  be  credited  to  the  several  towns  in  the  state,  accord- 
ing to  population.  By  this  arrangement  quite  a  large  number 
was  added  to  the  quota  of  Worcester.  According  to  this 
plan,  the  number  of  men  in  the  navy  credited  to  this  city, 
was  about  one  hundred  and  sixty. 

Only  a  few  of  these  belonged  here  by  birth  or  residence. 
The  number  of  natives  of  the  city  who  entered  the  navy 
could  not  be  found  without  examining  the  records  of  every 
loyal  state  in  the  Union.  Nor  can  the  number  of  naval 
recruits  who  had  a  residence  here  be  ascertained,  since  their 
names  are  entered  indiscriminately  with  those  of  men  from  all 
parts  of  the  world,  who  happened  to  be  credited  to  Worces- 


MISCELLANEOUS,  393 

ter.  For  example,  a  man  born  in  Sweden  or  Portugal,  and 
picked  up  at  Gloucester,  or  Harwich,  might  be  credited  to 
Worcester. 

Among  the  officers  who  have  attained  to  high  rank  in  the 
navy,  is  Commodore  George  S.  Blake,  son  of  the  Hon. 
Francis  Blake.  He  was  born  and  bred  in  Worcester,  though 
he  has  not  for  many  years  made  it  his  home  when  on  land. 
He  was  appointed  midshipman,  from  Massachusetts,  January 
I,  1818,  and  went  on  board  the  Independence,  ship  of  the  line. 
In  March,  1827,  he  was  commissioned  as  lieutenant.  He 
became  commander,  Febuary  27,  1847  ;  and  captain,  Septem- 
ber 4,  1855.  He  was  superintendent  of  the  Naval  Academy 
at  Annapolis,  and  at  Newport,  from  1858  to  1865,  about  eight 
years,  including  the  whole  period  of  the  rebellion. 

In  the  spring  of  i86r,  the  rebels  undertook  to  get  possession 
of  national  property  at  Annapolis,  where  the  naval  academy 
stands,  and  also  to  seize  the  honored  frigate  Constitution. 
"  Prompt  measures  rescued  the  frigate  and  the  other  property 
from  desecration  and  plunder,  and  the  young  men,  under  the 
superintendence  of  Captain  Blake,  contributed  in  no  small 
degree  to  the  result." 

When  the  academy  was  removed  for  a  time  to  Newport, 
Captain  Blake  remained  in  charge,  at  the  earnest  desire  of  the 
Hon.  Gideon  Welles,  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  When  the  war 
was  over,  the  students  were  returned  to  their  old  quarters  at 
Annapolis.  Captain  Blake,  at  his  earnest  request,  was 
finally  relieved  from  this  charge,  and  retired,  with  the  high 
commendation  of  Secretary  Welles  for  his  services, 

Bancroft  Ghirardi,  though  born  in  New  Orleans,  had  his 
home  and  education  in  this  city.  He  bears  an  honored  name, 
that  of  the  first  pastor  of  the  Second  Congregational  Church, 
in  Worcester,  Dr.  Bancroft.  He  received  his  appointment  as 
of  Louisiana,  though  residing  here  at  the  time.  There  was  no 
vacancy  here,  and  therefore  his  appointment  was  obtained  as 
from  the  state  of  his  birth.  His  home  and  his  connections 
furnish  the  privilege  of  recording  him  among  the  naval  worth- 
ies of  this  city.     So  far  as  his  history  is  known,  his  course 


394  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

during  the  war  was  that  of  an  able  and  faithful  officer.  He 
was  in  one  or  more  naval  actions.  His  rank  is  believed  to  be 
that  of  lieutenant  at  the  present  time. 

George  M.  Rice,  Jr.,  son  of  Hon.  George  M.  Rice,  entered 
the  navy  quite  early  in  the  war  as  master's  mate  on  the  flag- 
ship Minnesota.  This  ship  was  engaged  in  the  attack  on 
Fort  Macon.  He  was  afterwards,  (at  his  own  request),  trans- 
ferred to  the  steamer  Cambridge,  for  more  active  service  on 
the  coast. 

Subsequently  he  was  an  officer  on  board  the  flag-ship  Hart- 
ford, under  the  great  and  good  Farragut,  the  foremost  naval 
hero  of  his  time.  He  was  present  in  that  ship  in  the  attack 
on  Fort  Morgan,  off  Mobile.  The  Hartford,  with  the  brave 
old  admiral,  tied  by  his  own  hands  on  the  cross-trees,  bore  a 
conspicuous  part  in  that  terrible  fight.  The  flag-ship  received 
special  attention  from  the  famous  rebel  ram,  the  "  Tennessee," 
which  was  captured,  and  thus  our  country  was  relieved  of  a 
most  dangerous  enemy.  In  this  engagement,  young  Rice  was 
quite  severely  wounded.  He  remained  in  the  "  Hartford"  till 
the  close  of  the  war. 

He  then  resumed  at  once  his  former  employment  in  naviga- 
tion. While  on  his  return  from  Cienfuegos,  Cuba,  in  April 
1868,  homeward  bound,  he  was  seized  with  yellow  fever,  when 
one  day  out,  and  died  the  day  following.  He  loved  his  coun- 
try and  was  ready  to  peril  his  life  for  her. 

Charles  P.  Blake,  a  native  of  Worcester,  entered  the 
Naval  Academy  in  1859.  -^^  entered  upon  active  service, 
on  shipboard,  as  midshipman  in  1861,  at  the  opening  of  the 
rebellion,  and  continued  through  the  war.  At  the  time  of  the 
great  naval  fight,  near  Mobile,  he  was  on  board  the  Brooklyn, 
and  was  wounded.  He  now  holds  the  rank  of  lieutenant  com- 
manding. 

George  D.  Upham,  son  of  Dea.  Joel  W.  Upham,  followed 
the  sea  previous  to  the  war.  He  received  an  appointment  in 
the  navy  as  sailing  master,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  and 
sailed  in  the  steamer  James  Adger,  in  pursuit  of  Mason  and 
Slidell,  who  were  captured  by  Commodore   Slidell.     On   his 


MISCELLANEOUS,  395 

return,  Captain  Upliam  was  put  in  command  of  a  small 
steamer  at  New  Orleans,  and  engaged  in  running  supplies 
round  into  Mobile  Bay.  He  was  then  sent  to  New  York  with 
an  iron-clad  rebel  vessel,  taken  as  a  prize.  He  performed 
other  services  under  Admiral  Farragut,  and  came  with  him  to 
New  York,  in  January,  1865.  Soon  after  he  was  ordered  to 
take  command  of  a  steamer  which  was  fitting  out  at  Philadel- 
phia to  take  supplies  down  the  southern  coast.  He  ranked  as 
a  lieutenant  in  the  navy,  when  he  resigned,  which  was  not 
long  after  Lee's  surrender. 

Captain  J.  C.  Dutch  of  Worcester,  was  in  the  naval  service 
during  the  war.  In  1863,  he  was  stationed  in  St.  Helena 
Sound,  South  Carolina,  in  command  of  the  United  States 
barque  Kingfisher.  While  there  he  performed  a  gallant 
exploit  which  may  enliven  these  pages. 

When  the  rebels  abandoned  Edisto  Island,  they  left  not  only 
their  household  goods,  but  large  crops  of  corn  and  potatoes  in 
the  field,  besides  many  horses  and  mules,  oxen  and  cows.  Of 
course  they  were  constantly  tempted  to  return,  by  stealth, 
and  help  themselves  to  their  former  property.  Parties  used 
to  go  over  until  Captain  Dutch  was  informed  by  a  couple  of 
negroes,  that  a  cavalry  picket  of  ten  men  had  been  stationed 
on  Edisto  Island.  He  laid  his  plans,  and  succeeded  in  cap- 
turing the  whole  picket,  except  one  who  happened  to  be 
absent,  together  with  all  their  equipments,  saddles,  bridles, 
spurs,  rations,  clothing,  pistols,  carbines,  and  their  newly 
arrived  mail  matter  and  dispatches.  All  this  was  done  with- 
out the  loss  of  a  man.  The  whole  affair  was  conceived  and 
carried  out  with  boldness,  energy  and  completeness.  The  men 
captured  proved  to  be  personages  of  some  local  distinction, 
young  men  mostly  of  the  first  class.  They  were  very  gen- 
tlemanly in  their  deportment,  and  when  handed  over  to  the 
authorities  at  Port  Royal,  by  Captain  Dutch,  they  expressed 
their  thanks  for  his  courtesy  to  them. 


39^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Section    III.  —  Worcester    Soldiers  in  other    Towns    and 

States. 

The  number  of  natives  of  Worcester  who  engaged  in  the 
war,  and  were  credited  to  other  cities  and  towns  in  this  state, 
and  to  other  states,  could  not  be  ascertained  without  examin- 
ing the  corrected  rolls  of  every  arm  of  the  service,  state  and 
national.     The   attempt   to  do  this  will  not  be   undertaken. 
A  long  list  of  names  has  been  collected,  but  it  is  too  imper- 
fect to  be  put  in  print.     The  sons  of  Worcester  who  were 
credited    elsewhere,  will  have   their  place  in  the  history  of 
those  places  in  which  they  resided.     It  is  quite  possible  that 
the  number  of  natives  of  the  city  who  were  credited  to  other 
places,  was  as  large  as  the  number  of  the   same  class  who 
helped  to  fill  our  quota.     They  were  to  be  found  in  nearly, 
if  not  quite  every  loyal  state,  and  in  many  regiments  of  those 
states.     They  will  be  duly  honored  wherever  they  are  known, 
but  their  names  cannot  be  gathered  to  grace  the  pages  of  the 
history   of  their   birth-place.       There    were   some,    however, 
among  this  class,  who   attained  to   considerable   distinction. 
There  were    others  —  residents    but  not  natives  —  who  en- ' 
listed  elsewhere,  whose  names  are  synonymns  of  patriotism, 
of  whom  brief,  but  respectful  mention  may  be  expected  in 
these   memorials.     Some  of  these   died    in  the   service,  and 
their  record  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  of  biography. 

Conspicuous  among  the  sons  of  Worcester,  who  went  to 
the  war  from  other  states,  was  Hasbrouck  Davis,  Esq.,  son 
of  the  late  Hon.  John  Davis.  He  was  a  lawyer  in  practice  in 
Chicago,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  He  was  impelled  by  a 
patriotic  spirit  to  enter  the  service,  though  at  the  sacrifice  of 
his  business.  He  was  active  in  raising  a  regiment  of  cavalry, 
and  became  its  colonel.  After  varied  and  honorable  service 
in  the  east  and  west,  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Red  River,  he 
became  brigadier-general  by  brevet,  and  closed  his  miltary 
career  with  honor. 

John  Leverett  Thompson,  Esq.,  son  of  Mr.  William  C. 
Thompson,  of  Worcester,  became  distinguished  in  the  New 
Hampshire  Cavalry.     He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  but 


MISCELLANEOUS.  397 

came  to  Worcester  with  his  father's  family  in  1852,  which 
was  his  home  until  i860.  He  was  educated  at  Dartmouth 
College,  after  which  he  studied  law  with  Hon.  Francis  H. 
Dewey,  of  this  city,  and  at  the  Harvard  Law  School.  Having 
removed  to  Chicago,  he  had  just  commenced  the  practice  of 
law,  when  the  rebellion  broke  out,  and  he  joined  a  company  of 
artillery  as  a  private.  The  company  was  stationed  at  Cairo, 
Illinois,  several  months.  His  health  failing  him  in  that 
locality,  he  came  to  New  Hampshire,  and  joined  the  New 
Hampshire  Battalion  in  the  Rhode  Island  Cavalry.  This  was 
a  regiment  raised  in  the  latter  state,  to  which  the  four  com- 
panies of  the  New  Hampshire  Cavalry  were  united.  He 
entered  as  second-lieutenant,  but  soon  became  captain  of 
the  second  company  of  the  battalion,  but  company  K,  of  the 
regiment.  In  the  course  of  the  war,  he  became  major  of  the 
battalion,  then  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  1864,  the  New  Hampshire  Battalion  was  detached 
from  the  Rhode  Island  Regiment,  and  by  the  addition  of 
other  companies  raised  in  New  Hampshire,  became  a  regi- 
ment of  "  Granite  State "  men,  with  Colonel  Thompson  for 
commander.  The  history  of  the  battalion  and  the  regiment 
is  full  of  proof  that  the  officers  and  men  were  among  the  very 
best  cavalry  in  the  armies  of  the  Union.  They  won  a  high 
reputation,  which  will  reflect  lasting  honor  upon  them  and 
upon  the  state  which  they  represented.  Before  the  regiment 
was  discharged,  the  commander  was  made  brigadier-general 
by  brevet.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  Chicago  and 
resumed  his  profession. 

Rev.  Thomas  W.  Higginson  was  known  before  the  war 
as  a  Unitarian  clergyman,  who  had  preached  here,  for  a  time, 
as  well  as  elsewhere,  and  also  as  a  writer  of  singular  force 
and  elegance.  Worcester  was  then  his  residence.  He 
entered  the  army  as  captain  of  company  C,  Fifty-first  Regi- 
ment, nine  months'  volunteers,  under  command  of  Colonel 
A.  B.  R.  Sprague.  When  the  government  had  sufficiently 
conquered  its  prejudices  to  take  colored  men  into  its  service, 
he  became  colonel  of  the  First  Retjiment  of  South  Carolina 


398  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

(colored)  Volunteers.  This  promotion  was  on  the  seventeenth 
of  November,  1862.  The  situation  was  as  trying  as  it  was 
conspicuous,  and  it  is  enough  to  say  that  Colonel  Higginson 
gained  honorable  distinction  in  his  command.  He  gathered 
a  regiment  who  knew  nothing  of  military  service,  never  hav- 
ing been  permitted  to  bear  arms,  or  be  members  of  any 
military  organization,  and  v/ho  had  hardly  any  qualification 
but  their  manhood,  their  patriotism,  and  their  zeal  to  prove 
themselves  worthy  of  the  boon  of  freedom.  But  such  qualifi- 
cations and  incentives  were  sufficient,  and  his  men  became 
good  soldiers.  As  the  pioneer  officer  in  this  great  revolution, 
this  recognition  of  the  colored  man,  bond  or  free,  as  fit  for 
military  duty,  —  this  inauguration  of  a  new  era  in  our  history, 
—  Colonel  Higginson  will  fill  an  honorable  place  in  the  annals 
of  the  war. 

It  would  be  gratifying,  if  it  were  possible,  to  record  in  this 
connection  the  names  of  hundreds  of  spirited  young  men, 
whose  home  was  here,  —  like  Willis  T.,  son  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Richardson,  —  but  who  were  credited  to  other  towns  and 
states. 

Section   IV.' — Colored  Troops  from  Worcester. 

The  number  of  colored  soldiers  from  this  city  was  quite 
large  in  proportion  to  the  number  who  were  called  into  ser- 
vice in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Some  few  went  to  Rhode 
Island,  when  Governor  Sprague  recruited  a  regiment  of  colored 
volunteers.  In  the  Fifty-fourth,  Colonel  Robert  G.  Shaw, 
there  were  fifteen  men  from  Worcester.  The  Fifty-fifth, 
Colonel  Norwood  P.  Hallowell,  had  five. 

There  were  twenty-two  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  three  years' 
troops.  Others  were  scattered  in  different  organizations,  so 
that  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the  whole  number  who 
represented  the  city  in  the  field. 


BENEVOLENCE   OF   WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR.  399 


CHAPTER   XVIII. 

BENEVOLENCE   OF   WORCESTER  IN   THE  WAR. 

In  this  chapter  such  information  will  be  presented  as  can 
now  be  found,  showing  the  amount  contributed  during  the 
war,  by  the  people  of  the  city,  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiers, 
and  also  for  the  freedmen.  The  whole  amount  can  never  be 
known,  because  immense  sums,  in  the  aggregate,  were  sent  or 
carried  to  the  soldiers  in  the  field,  the  hospital,  or  the  prison, 
of  which  no  account  was  ever  rendered.  All  the  facts  acces- 
sible will  be  gathered  in  this  connection,  and  perhaps  data  suf- 
ficient may  be  found  to  warrant  an  estimate  approximating  to 
the  sum  total  of  contributions. 

Section  I.  —  The  Soldiers   Relief  Society. 

As  soon  as  the  Light  Infantry,  and  the  Third  Battalion 
left  for  the  war,  it  became  necessary  to  furnish  them  with  sup- 
plies of  clothing  and  other  articles,  which  could  not  be  pro- 
vided before  they  departed.  The  ladies  of  Worcester  promptly 
met  the  necessity,  and  entered  upon  a  course  of  labor  which 
was  continued  during  the  contest.  Several  ladies  connected 
with  various  churches  in  the  city,  volunteered  to  raise  the  nec- 
essary funds  to  purchase  flannels  to  be  made  into  undershirts 
for  the  volunteers.  A  considerable  sum  had  been  collected 
by  the  twenty-fourth  of  April,  less  than  a  week  after  the  con- 
flict in  the  streets  of  Baltimore. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  April  a  meeting  of  ladies  was  held  at 
the  vestry  of  the  Central  Church,  (Rev.  Dr.  Sweetser's),  to 
adopt  measures  for  the  supply  of  our  troops  with  clothing, 
Mrs.  John  Boyden  presided,  and  Miss  Martha  Le  Baron  served 
as  secretary  pro  tern.     The  following  were  chosen  as  perma- 


400  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

nent  officers.  President,  Miss  Martha  Le  Baron  ;  Vice  Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  William  B.  Fox  ;  Secretary,  Miss  Elizabeth  Nelson  ; 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Frederick  S.  Leonard.  An  executive  com- 
mittee consisting  of  Mrs.  William  M.  Bickford,  Mrs.  Theodore 
Brown,  Mrs.  Griggs,  Miss  Caroline  Haywood,  Miss  Emma 
Allen,  Mrs.  James  H.  Osgood,  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Stevens,  and 
Mrs.  F.  S.  Leonard,  was  chosen  to  co-operate  with  citizens  dis- 
posed to  contribute  money  or  material  for  clothing  for  the 
troops. 

This  was  an  attempt  to  systematize  the  benevolence  of  the 
ladies,  and  bring  them  all,  as  far  as  possible,  into  organization. 
In  this  they  accomplished  much,  but  the  ladies  of  the  city  and 
suburbs  acted  through  other  associations,  as  well  as  privately, 
so  that  great  quantities  of  stores  reached  the  soldiers  through 
other  channels  than  the  Relief  Society. 

The  society  went  about  its  beneficent  work  with  patriotic 
energy,  and  their  friends  in  the  field  soon  saw  the  fruits  of 
their  kindness.  Letters  have  already  been  quoted  from,  in 
the  earlier  part  of  this  work,  showing  the  delight  of  the  sol- 
diers when  receiving  the  packages  from  home. 

A  letter  was  received  from  Surgeon  Calvin  Cutter,  of  the 
Twenty-fifth,  dated  September  17,  in  which  he  acknowledged 
the  receipt  of  hospital  supplies  from  neighboring  towns, 
through  Major  Theron  E.  Hall,  and  also  of  a  box  from  the 
ladies  of  the  Third  Baptist  Society  of  Worcester. 

Cognate  to  the  work  of  the  Soldiers  Relief  Society,  was  the 
action  taken  at  a  meeting  of  ladies  held  at  the  Central  Church 
vestry,  on  the  thirtieth  of  September,  for  the  purpose  of  choos- 
ing a  standing  committee  of  the  ladies  of  Worcester  to  take 
charge  of  contributions  for  army  hospitals.  After  prayer  by 
Dr.  Sweetser,  Mrs.  Baylies  was  chosen  president,  and  a  com- 
mittee of  two  ladies  from  each  church  in  the  city  was  selected, 
with  Mrs.  Charles  Washburn  as  chairman. 

On  the  second  of  January,  1862,  the  ladies  of  the  Salem 
Street  Society,  (Rev.  Mr.  Richardson),  sent  to  the  Twenty- 
fifth,  three  boxes  of  hospital  necessaries,  such  as  comforters 
stockings,  etc.     Such   deeds    of   kindness    were   continually 


BENEVOLENCE  OF  WORCESTER  IN  THE  WAR. 


401 


occurring,  independently  of  the  Relief  Society,  but  these  sev- 
eral contributions  must  for  convenience,  be  placed  under  one 
general  head.  It  will  not  be  necessary  to  chronicle  the 
numerous  meetings  of  the  Relief  Society,  nor  the  various  con- 
tributions by  churches,  societies,  or  individuals.  The  annual 
reports  of  the  Relief  Society  will  furnish  all  needed  informa- 
tion. The  following  letter  from  Rev.  Dr.  Eliot,  of  St.  Louis, 
will  show  how  far  their  their  benefactions  reached,  and  how 
highly  they  were  appreciated.  He  wrote :  "  Your  renewed 
favors  call  for  more  than  renewed  thanks.  I  think  the  kind- 
ness of  the  Massachusetts  women  will  never  be  exhausted,  and 
our  demands  are  not  likely  to  fail." 

The  ladies  levee  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiers,  held  on  the 
first  of  March,  netted  above  $700.00, 

The  records  of  the  society,  or  committee,  as  it  was  some- 
times called,  fill  the  reader  with  wonder,  whether  he  considers 
the  activity  of  the  various  officers  and  committees,  the  general 
co-operation  of  the  ladies,  or  the  immense  quantities  of  stores 
of  every  kind,  which  were  gathered  and  distributed.  It  should 
be  stated  that  contributions  of  articles,  countless  in  number 
and  vast  in  amount,  came  in  from  ladies  in  all  the  neighboring, 
and  even  some  remote,  towns  in  the  county.  The  design  of 
this  chapter  is  however  to  give  only  the  results  produced  by 
the  ladies  of  Worcester. 

The  first  annual  report  of  the  Worcester  Soldiers  Relief 
Committee,  was  made  on  the  sixth  of  October,  1862,  and 
included  all  that  had  been  received,  in  money,  from  the  first 
of  October,  1861.     The  result  was  as  follows  : 


From  Churches, 

"      Individuals,         .... 

"      Soldiers  Relief  Fund, 

"      Ladies  Levee,  February  27  and  28, 

"      Private  Theatricals,  June  1 1,     . 

"     Concert  of  Stoddard  Children,  . 
Deposited  in  box  at  the  room, 


26 


$46.00 
286.44 

8775 
696.24 

75-54 

5.00 

32.64 

$1,229.61 


402  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

A  portion  of  this  money  was  used  in  purchasing  the  raw 
material  to  be  worked  up  into  various  articles  of  clothing,  and 
a  variety  of  things  which  contributed  to  the  comfort  of  sol- 
diers. But  the  money  raised  was  only  a  small  portion,  in  value, 
of  what  was  sent  by  the  ladies  to  the  soldiers.  For  example 
the  contents  of  several  boxes  sent  in  1862,  foot  upas  follows  : 

"  Quilts,  362  ;  blankets,  155  ;  sheets,  893  ;  pillow  cases,  961  ;  shirts, 
^333  ;  flannel  and  cotton  drawers,  728  ;  dressing  gowns,  163  ;  pairs 
socks,  1406;  pairs  mittens,  1032;  towels,  1244;  handkerchiefs,  1026; 
red  flannel  aprons,  168  ;  pillows,  319  ;  calico  pillow  covers,  67  ;  pairs 
slippers,  312;  sleeping  caps,  68;  bed  sacks,  50;  eye  shades,  56;  tea 
kettles,  88;  sick  feeders,  12;  gas  heaters,  14;  together  with  a  large 
amount  of  garments  partly  worn,  such  as  coats,  pants,  vests,  etc." 

The  following  list  is  given  as  a  specimen  of  what  was  done 
throughout  the  war.  Perhaps  some  of  the  articles  were  paid 
for  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  society  ;  doubtless  many  of  them 
were  the  gifts  of  individuals. 

"  Tea,  coffee,  broma,  chocolate,  sugar,  rice,  tapioca,  corn  starch,  gela- 
tine, sago,  crackers,  honey,  tamarinds,  prunes,  dried  apple,  dried  peach, 
dried  berries,  cranberries,  lemons,  raisins,  pickles,  sardines,  potted  ham, 
potted  tongue,  cologne,  bay  rum,  oatmeal,  mustard,  pepper,  soap,  mutton, 
tallow,  bandages,  lint ;  jars  jelly  and  jam,  105  ;  pounds  of  currant  jelly,  100  ; 
bottles  of  wine  and  shrub,  79  ;  bottles  raspberry  vinegar,  S3  ;  books  and 
magazines,  bags  of  sewing  materials,  stationery,  ring  pads,  cushions, 
splints,  sponges,  brushes,  combs,  fans,  wash  leather  cots,  court  plaster." 

The  annual  report  for  the  year  preceding  October  6,  1863, 
shows  that  the  sum  of  $2,769.67  had  been  received  into  the 
treasury.  Besides  this,  we  must  count  the  proceeds  of  the 
Worcester  County  Fair,  held  on  the  twenty-first,  twenty-second 
and  twenty-third  of  October.  The  net  profits  of  the  fair  were 
$6,296.36.  Contributions  to  this  fair  were  made  by  ladies  in 
many  other  towns  in  the  county,  who  acted  with  great  liber- 
ality in  this  connection,  in  addition  to  the  sums  they  raised  at 
home,  and  sent  directly  to  the  soldiers  ;  but  probably  three 
quarters  of  the  above  amount  was  given  by  citizens  of  Worces- 
ter. The  receipts  from  the  sale  of  tickets,  and  from  the 
refreshment  room,  amounted  to  nearly  $3,000.00,  and  the  larger 
part  of  this  must  have  come  from  those  living  in  the  vicinity- 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  403 

The  part  of  Worcester  in  this  large  sum  must  have  been  about 
$4,750.00.  But  the  whole  of  this  amount  did  not  go  into  the 
treasury  of  the  Relief  Committee,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
next  year's  report. 

The  officers  for  the  year  1863-64,  were  as  follows  :  Presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Charles  Washburn  ;  Vice-Presidents,  Mrs.  Miller, 
Mrs.  Aldrich,  Mrs.  Morse  ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs. 
Goodnow  ;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Mary  Bigelow  ;  Treas- 
urer, Mrs.  William  Dickenson.  There  was  a  large  executive 
committee,  and  committees  on  packing,  cutting  and  bandages. 

The  total  receipts  in  money  for  the  year  ending  October  i, 
1864,  were  ^4,130,39;  but  of  this  amount,  $3158,60  came 
from  the  fair  held  in  October  1863,  after  the  report  for  that 
year  was  made  up.  Besides  this  money,  there  were  vast  quan- 
tities of  clothing,  fruits,  jellies,  and  other  things  altogether  too 
numerous  to  be  counted,  which  busy  fingers,  prompted  by 
kind  hearts,  prepared  for  the  soldier  amid  the  discomforts  of 
the  camp,  or  the  depressing  scenes  of  the  hospital.  The 
report  says  that  the  appeal  came  to  the  members  "  from  the 
battle  field,  where  men  languishing  in  mortal  agony,  have 
blessed  with  their  dying  lips  the  succoring  hands  that  have 
sought  them  out,  and  bound  up  their  wounds,  and  poured  in 
the  oil  and  wine  of  Christian  sympathy  and  love  ;  from  the 
hospitals,  whose  dull  and  barren  walls  have  been  made 
resplendent  with  the  patient  heroism  of  men,  who,  cut  down  in 
the  full  strength  of  their  manhood,  have  borne  months  of  suf- 
fering and  anguish  without  a  murmur,  and  died  counting  it  all 
joy,  to  give  up  their  lives  for  their  beloved  country.  And  it 
comes  also  from  loathsome  southern  prisons,  where  those  dear- 
est to  us,  'bone  of  our  bone,  and  flesh  of  our  flesh,'  lingering 
out  their  lives  in  a  daily  martyrdom  worse  than  death,  are  yet, 
with  a  noble  self-forgetfulness,  sending  home  words  of  good 
cheer,  and  of  patriotic  entreaty,  that  the  government  for  which 
they  have  suffered  the  loss  of  all  things  but  their  honor,  may 
be  sustained  in  its  purity  and  integrity." 

The  annual  report,  October  9,  1865,  for  the  year  preceding, 
shows  the  receipts  to   have   been   $6,793.56  ;  and   the    total 


404  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

amount  received  during  the  whole  four  years,  was  $14,033. 
An  equal  or  greater  amount  of  valuable  articles  were  sent  out 
than  in  former  years.  When  a  fair  estimate  is  made  of  the 
value  of  articles  given  which  were  not  bought  by  money  taken 
from  the  treasury,  it  is  quite  difficult  to  resist  the  conclusion 
that  the  ladies  of  Worcester  alone,  contributed  more  than 
$30,000  through  this  one  channel,  for  the  relief  and  comfort  of 
rhe  soldiers.  In  this  estimate,  the  value  of  the  time  and  skill 
of  the  ladies,  is  not  taken  into  the  account.  This  alone  would 
be  counted  by  thousands  of  dollars. 

Section  II.  —  The  Soldiers  Rest. 
The  "Soldiers  Rest  "was  one  of  the  most  interesting  forms 
of  benevolence  called  into  being  by  the  war.  As  the  contest 
proceeded,  soldiers  were  sent  north,  on  their  way  home,  who 
were  feeble  from  wounds  and  sickness,  and  needed  to  stop 
over,  at  intervals  of  their  journey,  and  take  some  refreshing 
"  rest."  Accordingly  the  ladies  of  the  Relief  Committee  pro- 
vided rooms  in  Foster  Street,  and  furnished  them  for  the  above 
class  of  soldiers.  Nor  did  they  imagine  the  calls  that  would 
be  made  on  their  benevolence  in  this  method,  nor  dream  of 
the  blessings  that  would  be  invoked  upon  them  from  hundreds 
of  grateful  hearts.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  book 
of  records  relating  to  "  The  Soldiers  Rest." 

"  These  rooms  were  opened  at  Worcester,  July  7,  1862,  by  a  society  of 
ladies  known  as  the  '  Worcester  Soldiers  Relief  Society,'  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  who  pass  through  the  city  on 
their  way  home,  and  are  obliged  to  wait  for  the  trains.  Here  they  are 
provided  with  refreshments,  and  made  comfortable  during  their  stay." 

The  rooms  were  at  No.  4  Foster  Street,  and  the  citizens 
generally  were  invited  to  contribute  to  the  society. 

The  following  were  the  judicious  rules  of  this  thrice-blessed 
institution. 

"  This  Rest  is  sustained  by  the  benevolent  people  of  Worcester,  free  of 
charge,  and 'designed  for  the  comfort  and  welfare  of  soldiers  returning 
from  the  army. 

Soldiers  stopping  at  the  Rest  are  not  expected  to  remain  over  twenty- 


BENEVOLENCE  OF  WORCESTER  IN  THE  WAR.      405 

four  hours,  without  a  permit  from  one  or  more  members  of  the  committee 
or  the  superintendent,  unless  prevented  from  continuing  their  journey  by 
sickness. 

Soldiers  tarrying  at  the  Rest  are  not  to  be  out  after  ten  o'clock  at 
night. 

No  intoxicated  or  disorderly  soldier  is  to  be  entertained  at  the 
Rest. 

Refreshments  for  those  only  for  whom  this  Rest  was  especially  designed. 

We  would  cheerfully  welcome  discharged  soldiers,  and  any  of  our  sol- 
dier friends,  to  meet  their  brothers  at  any  time  at  the  Rest,  subject  to  the 
above  regulations." 

The  Records  of  the  "  Rest "  contain  the  names  of  the  sol- 
diers entertained,  with  the  date  of  their  presence,  their  resi- 
dence, their  company  and  regiment,  where  stationed  in  the 
service,  and  their  condition,  as  sick,  lame,  wounded. 

Mr.  Charles  W.  Freeland  gave  the  use  of  the  rooms.  Other 
citizens  contributed  liberally,  sending  in  such  articles  of 
housekeeping  as  were  necessary.  Not  far  from  ^250.00  are 
reported  in  cash,  as  designed  for  the  support  of  the  "  Rest." 
As  the  expense  for  food  alone  must  have  been  far  greater  than 
this  sum,  probably  what  was  needed  was  taken  from  the  treas- 
ury of  the  Relief  Society. 

The  "  Soldiers  Rest "  was  under  the  superintendence  of 
Mr.  Thomas  C.  Bond,  since  deceased.  The  number  who 
found  rest  and  comfort  in  this  temporary  home  in  1862,  was 
seventy-one.  The  next  year  the  number  was  seventy-two. 
In  1864,  not  far  from  eight  hundred  tarried  here  for  a  meal  or 
for  a  night.  And  in  the  year  1865,  the  number  was  prob- 
ably more  than  fourteen  hundred.  In  all,  there  were  nearly 
twenty-five  hundred  inmates  of  the  "  Soldiers'  Rest."  Indeed, 
so  many  were  entertained  whose  names  were  not  entered, 
that  it  would  not  be  surprising  if  three  thousand  were  known 
by  Him  who  rewards  the  giving  of  a  cup  of  cold  water  to  the 
needy,  as  among  the  recipients  of  the  bounty  and  care  of  the 
ladies  of  Worcester. 

According  to  a  statement  made  by  Mr.  Bond,  covering  the 
months  of  May,  June,  July,  August  and  September,  1865, 
eighteen  hundred  men  were  entertained  at  the  "Rest  "  durino: 


406  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

that  time.  These  partook  of  three  thousand  three  hundred 
and  eighty  meals,  and  had  one  thousand  three  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  lodgings. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  to  say  that  the  soldiers  expressed 
their  ardent  gratitude  for  the  kindness  shown  to  them,  and 
some  of  them  left  the  proof  of  their  thankfulness  on  the  pages 
of  the  records. 

Section  III.  —  The  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions. 

Though  these  two  societies  were  distinct  in  their  organiza- 
tion and  work,  and  to  a  certain  extent,  in  their  design,  yet  as 
their  general  object  was  to  benefit  the  soldiers  by  sending 
their  agents  into  the  field,  with  all  necessary  stores,  their 
share  in  the  benefactions  of  the  good  people  of  Worcester, 
will  be  sketched  under  the  same  head. 

The  first  meeting  in  behalf  of  the  Christian  Commission, 
held  in  Worcester,  of  which  a  record  can  be  found,  was  on  the 
second  of  December,  1862.  The  Hon.  Isaac  Davis  presided, 
and  addresses  were  made  by  Hon.  Edward  S.  Tobey,  of  Bos- 
ton, and  Rev.  Mr.  Alexander  and  Rev.  Dr.  McAuley,  of  Phil- 
adelphia. Five  gentlemen  were  chosen  to  form  an  army  com- 
mittee, viz :  Isaac  Davis,  George  M.  Rice,  Philip  L.  Moen, 
David  Whitcomb  and  Frederick  A.  Clapp. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  February,  1863,  there  was  a  meeting 
in  behalf  of  the  Christian  Commission  at  the  Old  South 
Church,  and  much  interest  was  awakened.  There  was  a  con- 
tribution of  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  for  the  object. 

There  was  a  meeting  in  behalf  of  the  Christian  Commission 
in  Union  Church,  in  November.  Rev.  Mr.  Banvard  offered 
prayer,  and  addresses  were  made  by  Rev.  Mr.  Patterson,  and 
George  H.  Stuart  of  Philadelphia. 

The  Sanitary  Commission,  on  the  third  of  March,  1864, 
reported  the  receipt  of  ^1,322.37. 

The  Christian  Commission  received  a  contribution,  at  the 
Old  South  Church,  April  24,  amounting  to  $208.50.  The  col- 
lection for  the  same  object  at  the  Central  Church,  on  the 
fifteenth  of  May,  was  $503.07.     The  Old  South  made  another 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  407 

contribution,  May  28,  for  the  Christian  Commission,  of 
$620.00,  besides  three  boxes.  The  First  Baptist  Church 
gave  to  the  same  society,  June  22,  the  sum  of  $348.50,  besides 
three  boxes. 

These  meagre  notices  have  been  culled  from  the  daily 
papers,  but  they  do  not  give  the  full  amount  of  the  receipts  of 
cither  "  Commission  "  from  the  people  of  Worcester.  Proba- 
bly there  were  other  contributions,  for  each,  from  individuals 
and  religious  societies.  Besides,  the  Relief  Society  distrib- 
uted their  stores,  and  perhaps  their  funds,  to  some  extent, 
through  the  same  agencies.  The  county  fair  held  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Soldiers'  Relief  Society,  brought  in  more  than 
six  thousand  dollars.  Three  thousand  dollars  were  given  to 
the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions,  in  equal  parts. 
Concert  balls,  private  theatricals,  and  juvenile  industry,  pro- 
duced a  large  sum.  The  ball  yielded  over  thirteen  hundred 
dollars.  The  "  Children's  Lint  Society"  of  New  Worcester, 
contributed  its  quota.  And  in  the  early  part  of  1864,  the  chil- 
dren in  the  schools  engaged  zealously  in  making  quilts  and 
other  articles.  There  are,  however,  no  data  from  which  an 
accurate  financial  statement  can  be  made.  It  can  be  said 
truly  that  the  contributions  to  the  Sanitary  and  the  Christian 
Commissions  were  generous,  and  that  they  were  freely 
given.  It  may  be  added  that  the  Rev.  Lemuel  Moss  went 
from  this  city  into  the  service  of  the  Christian  Commission, 
and  was  a  very  efficient  agent. 

Section  IV.  —  Mr.  Edmund  M.  Barton. 
In  this  connection  a  brief  notice  of  the  services  of  Mr.  Bar- 
ton naturally  finds  a  place,  since  he  labored  not  far  from  two 
years  as  an  agent  of  the  Sanitary  Commission.  The  following 
is  the  first  public  notice  of  his  connection  with  the  commission. 
It  appeared  in  the  early  part  of  the  summer  in  1863.  "  When 
a  load  of  supplies  went  through  Baltimore,  a  few  days  since, 
in  charge  for  Mr.  Olmstead,  Mr.  Edmund  M.  Barton  joined 
the  sanitary  corps,  and  went  with  them  to  the  work  of  min- 
istering to  the  disabled  and  suffering  soldiers."     He  left  home 


408  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

for  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  on  the  ninth  of  May,  1863,  and 
after  visiting  the  hospitals  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Balti- 
more and  Washington,  reached  head-quarters  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  May  26,  and  was  voluntarily  connected  with  the 
army  from  that  time  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  the 
representative  of  the  Sanitary  Commission,  for  the  Fifth  Army 
Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  from  the  battle  of  Gettysburg 
until  after  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomattox 
Court  House.  He  accompanied  his  corps  in  all  its  general 
movements  and  special  raids. 

The  commission  of  Mr.  Barton  was  dated  July  21,  1863, 
and  is  given  here  as  an  official  memento  of  one  of  the  most 
unique  and  beneficent  agencies  recorded  in  the  annals  of  war. 

"  To  All  whom  it  may  Concern. 
This  is  to  certify,  that  Edmund  M.  Barton  is  duly  qualified  and 
appointed  a  Relief  Agent  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Commission,  and 
in  the  performance  of  his  duty  in  that  capacity,  is  entitled  to  all  the  bene- 
fits of  the  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  dated  June  15,  1861,  directing 
and  enjoining  '  all  persons  in  the  employment  of  the  United  States  forces 
to  direct  and  further  the  inquiries  and  objects  of  this  commission,  to  the 
utmost  of  their  ability.'  " 

A  full  narrative  of  Mr,  Barton's  services,  describing  the 
scenes  of  carnage  which  came  under  his  eye,  and  reporting  the 
cases  of  individual  suffering  to  which  he  ministered,  would 
form  a  volume  of  exceeding  interest.  It  should  be  said  that 
he  did  not  engage  in  the  service  of  the  Sanitary  Commission 
to  avoid  duty  as  a  soldier.  Though  enrolled,  and  liable  to  be 
drafted,  he  was  not  called  to  take  the  field  ;  but  in  letters  to 
his  friends,  he  directed  that  in  case  of  his  being  drafted,  "  there 
should  be  no  paying  of  commutation  money,  and  no  hiring  of 
a  substitute  for  him."  He  would  rather  take  the  field  in  his 
own  person.  It  is  not  probable  that  if  he  had  entered  the 
ranks,  he  would  have  been  more  exposed  to  danger,  nor  is  it 
conceivable  that  he  could  have  been  so  helpful  to  the  soldiers, 
or  more  useful  to  the  country,  than  in  the  service  of  the  Sani- 
tary Commission. 

A  few  short  extracts  from  letters  vv^ritten  at  the  time,  will 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  4O9 

show  the  nature  of  his  work,  and  give  a  glimpse  of  the  hard- 
ships he  endured.     Under  date  of  May  i,  1864,  he  wrote  : 

"  We  went  to  Brandy  that  night.  The  following  day,  about  noon,  I 
decided  to  go  up  to  Bealton  to  spend  the  night  with  George.  [Captain 
George  E.  Barton.]  Reaching  the  Rap-k.,  I  found  the  river  unfordable,  and 
the  pontoon  bridge  up,  and  orders  to  let  no  horseman  cross  the  R.  R. 
bridge.  .  .  .  The  Ninth  Corps  had  orders  to  follow  on  immediately. 
Tuesday  May  3,  marched  to  within  a  mile  of  Culpepper,  where  the 
troops  lay  till  midniglit.  On  my  arrival,  had  chills  with  some  fever,  was 
dosed  and  put  to  bed,  and  ordered  to  follow  in  ambulance  to  Culpepper 
Mine  Ford,  and  join  the  troops  next  evening  in  the  Wilderness. 

I  took  my  horse  and  drove  to  Richardsville,  reaching  that  point  at  even- 
ing. This  is  May  4.  Having  been  up  all  night  waiting  for  orders  to 
cross  the  Rapidan,  we  got  off.  May  5,  a.m.,  and  were  at  the  Gold  Mines, 
near  the  Ford,  within  four  miles  of  our  line  of  battle  in  the  Wilderness. 
At  noon  I  heard  the  first  gun,  mounted  my  horse,  put  stimulants  into  my 
saddle-bags  and  drove  at  full  speed  for  the  front,  through  a  portion  of  the 
Wilderness.  My  work  during  the  balance  of  the  day  I  can  hardly  think  of 
without  weeping.  Many  officers  were  shot  down,  some  of  whom  were 
brought  in  dead  and  dying  ;  others  left  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  or  in 
the  woods,  to  be  burned  to  death  in  the  fearful  night.  I  was  along  the 
whole  Fifth  Corps  front,  and  obtained  a  full  knowledge  of  our  advance 
and  repulse.  The  loss  of  the  First  Division  Fifth  Corps,  was  about 
twelve  hundred,  with  not  less  than  seventy-five  officers.  The  hospital 
where  I  spent  the  night  at  work,  had  a  thousand  wounded  men  and 
sixty  officers." 

"  May  6.  My  supplies  came  up,  and  were  issued  to  First  and  Third 
Divisions,  and  Artillery  Brigade  Hospitals.  Ball  opened  lively  at  daylight. 
Ninth  Corps  went  in  to  assist  Hancock.  George  was  near  by,  but  I 
could  not  spend  time  to  call  on  him." 

"  May  7.  Awoke  by  dayhght,  and  found  myself  unable  to  sit  up  or 
stand  up.  All  the  joints  from  little  toe  to  shoulder  red  as  beets.  Sent 
for  a  clerk  and  issued  supplies  to  First  Division  Hospital,  and  after  doing 
up  all  business,  was  put  into  an  ambulance  towards  evening,  and  started 
for  Rappahannock  Station,  and  Washington,  expecting  to  be  in  W.  to- 
morrow. We  started,  —  a  little  water  aboard,  —  no  nurse,  no  morphine,  or 
other  medicine.  Two  doctors  for  twelve  hundred  men.  At  midnight  we 
halted,  having  learned  that  the  rebs  held  the  fords  across  the  Rapidan. 
At  daylight  of  the  eighth  we  moved  forward  at  a  slow  pace  towards  Ely's 
Ford.  Oh,  what  a  night  of  misery  !  Murphy's  arm  commenced  to  mor- 
tify, while  other  officers  more  severely  wounded,  died,  and  were  put  off"  by 
the  roadside.  Now  and  then  an  ambulance  tipped  over  with  its  precious 
freight  ;  and  at  all  times,  the  shrieks  of  the  wounded  and  dying  as  they 


4IO  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

passed  over  the  cut  ui^  roads,  were  fearful  to  bear.  *  Inflammatory 
Rheumatism '  was  told  that  he  had  a  right  to  make  a  little  more  noise 
than  any  one  else.  This  right  was  well  used.  The  rebs  still  hold  Fred- 
ericksburg, so  we  must  halt  in  the  Wilderness  another  night.  To  call  it  a 
sleepless  night,  is  a  gentle  way  of  reminding  one  of  no  sleep,  no  food,  no 
treatment,  maggots,  flies,  chills  and  fever,  etc." 

Then  follow  details  of  individual  suffering  on  the  way  to 
Fredericksburg,  and  while  there,  where  wounded  men  were 
dying  around  him,  while  others  lived  to  endure  protracted 
agony.  The  following  extract  is  from  a  letter  dated  May  i6, 
1864. 

"  Poor  Lieutenant  Wagner  died  early  this  morning,  after  a  night  of 
fearful  suffering.  All  of  us  were  kept  awake  by  his  groanings.  I  took  a 
large  dose  of  morphine  at  ten  p.m.,  and  another  at  two  a.m.,  but  obtained 
no  sleep  till  after  daylight.  We  have  bright  sunlight,  in  doors  and  out. 
All  are  cheerful  save  Captain  Myers,  who  is  no  better,  and  will  probably 
die." 

Other  citations,  of  different  dates,  will  illustrate  the  situa- 
tion of  the  wounded,  dying  and  dead,  after  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness. 

"  May  17.  Last  night  I  slept  a  little  under  the  influence  of  a  heavy 
opiate  ;  to-night  it  is  my  intention  to  let  the  stuff  alone,  and  go  it  on 
nature  alone.  Captain  Morgan  has  been  removed  to  a  private  house, 
where  he  can  be  alone.  His  father  reports  some  horrid  sights,  —  too 
horrid  for  recital.  Dead  bodies  lying  around  the  streets.  Men  with  legs 
amputated  lying  by  the  half  dozen  in  hospitals,  dying  simply  from  a  lack 
of  medical  treatment  of  a  proper  character.  .  .  .  We  change  doctors  once 
in  about  twenty-four  hours,  and  the  wounded  suffer  accordingly.  More 
wounded  are  arriving.  Unless  they  can  get  transportation  from  Belle 
Plain  to  Washington,  their  condition  here  will  be  pitiful  in  the  extreme. 
Our  Commission  is  working  nobly.  But  for  it,  many  would  starve.  I  am 
really  proud  to  belong  to  such  an  organization.  .  .  .  We  have  literally 
been  kept  alive  by  the  U.  S.  S.  C." 

"May  18.  The  photograph  enclosed,  is  of  Captain  Myers,  of  whom 
I  have  written.  It  is  hardly  possible  that  he  will  live.  He  is  a  true  sol- 
dier ;  a  brave  and  thorough  German  gentleman.  We  expected  to  lose 
him  last  night,  but  to-day  he  has  been  more  comfortable.  What  would  I 
not  give  to  be  well  and  at  the  front  !  " 

"  May  19.  My  morphine  powder  of  last  night  slept  me  till  twelve,  but 
powder  number  two  refused  to  affect  me,  so  I  lay  awake  till  after  day- 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  4II 

break,  reading,  etc.  .  .  .  Upon  being  fortified  with  breakfast,  ....  I 
started  from  the  front  parlor  to  make  a  call  upon  the  dying  Captain  Myers 
in  the  back  parlor.  The  movement  was  very  well  executed,  though  per- 
haps not  in  a  very  lively  manner.  I  must  confess  that  I  did  not  walk 
alone  ;  in  fact  that  I  had  about  six  feet,  —  my  own,  my  attendants,  and  a 
pair  of  crutches.  .  .  .  Captain  Myers  is  failing,  poor  fellow."  "  Frank 
Le  Baron  —  who  knows  just  how  to  talk  to  the  sick,  and  who  reads  the 
service  for  them,  —  has  just  been  in  for  a  moment.  .  .  .  He  found  Albert 
Allen  this  morning,  sick.  Albert  promised  to  play  upon  the  organs  of  the 
several  churches  where  the  wounded  are  housed.  A  band  of  music  has 
been  trying  to  soothe  us  to  sleep,  the  past  few  evenings,  by  playing  '  Rock 
me  to  sleep,  Mother,'  etc.     It  was  very  touching." 

"  May  21.  Poor  Captain  Myers  lives,  but  is  much  weaker  to-day.  He 
is  an  influential  German  of  Rochester,  and  a  splendid  fellow.  To-day  I 
read  the  morning  and  evening  lessons  to  the  crowd.  All  enjoy  them,  even 
Captain  Myers,  with  his  German  education.  He  says  of  the  Psalms 
'  They  are  beautiful.'  " 

"  May  24.  I  do  not  regret  waiting,  as  the  captain  died  last  night,  or 
rather  about  three  o'clock  this  morning.  It  will  not  be  possible  for  me  to 
forget  the  last  hours  spent  with  him,  and  his  wife.  I  query  which  of  the 
two  suffered  most.  He  tried  very,  very  hard  to  conceal  his  agony,  but 
could  not  do  it.  As  nearly  all  his  conversation  was  in  German,  I  under- 
stood but  little  of  it,  though  he  always  called  /ter  '  mama,'  or  '  good  mama.' 
Mrs.  Myers  behaved  splendidly,  though  she  is  nearly  heart-broken  now. 
After  bathing  his  ,  cold  feet  and  forehead,  he  would  say  to  her  '  good 
mama,'  and  whisper  in  her  ear.  Sometimes  this  would  be  too  much  for 
the  poor  thing,  and  she  would  fall  upon  her  knees  as  if  stricken  by  a 
thunderbolt,  her  hands  clasped  and  raised  to  heaven.  The  captain  was 
conscious  till  within  ten  minutes  of  the  end,  and  could  whisper  his  mes- 
sages of  love.  T/iey  were  left  alone  for  an  hour.  An  old  army  friend  of 
the  captain  ca,me  on  with  Mrs.  Myers,  and  will  see  that  his  body  is  em- 
balmed, and  taken  safely  to  his  home." 

Alas,  how  many  thousands  of  sad  wives  and  mothers  still 
bear  the  memory  of  such  scenes  as  this.  Their  brave,  cher- 
ished ones  are  seen  no  more  beneath  the  sun,  but  their  mem- 
ory is  cherished  in  loving  hearts  forevermore. 

The  above  extracts  exhibit  merely  a  brief  episode  in  Mr. 
Barton's  army  life.  He  had  been  at  work,  the  year  preceding, 
and  the  year  following  was  filled  up  with  labor,  watching,  and 
sympathizing  service. 


412  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Section  V.  —  Visiting  Soldiers  in  the  Field. 
The  first  soldiers  had  scarcely  arrived  at  the  place  of  their 
destination,  at  Annapolis  and  Washington,  before  their  friends 
at  home  began  that  work  of  supplying  their  wants,  which  was 
followed,  in  different  modes,  throughout  the  war.  Packages 
were  made  up,  and  were  forwarded  by  the  hands  of  gentlemen 
and  sometimes  ladies,  who  visited  the  camps  and  hospitals. 
The  following  facts  respecting  the  very  first  move  in  this  direc- 
tion, may  be  relied  upon. 

"  The  Sixth  Regiment  was  fired  upon  on  the  nineteenth  of  April,  and 
the  car  in  which  their  baggage  was  carried,  was  switched  off,  and  left  in 
the  city  of  Baltimore.  They  arrived  in  Washington  in  a  very  needy  con- 
dition, if  not  suffering  for  a  change  of  clothing.  News  arrived  here  in 
Worcester,  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  April,  asking  for  some  necessary 
supplies.  Colonel  Putnam  W.  Taft  at  once  procured  one  hundred  and 
ten  towels,  one  hundred  and  ten  pairs  of  stockings,  one  hundred  and  ten 
pocket  handkerchiefs,  and  a  great  variety  of  other  necessary  articles,  such 
as  pins,  needles,  buttons,  yarn,  thread,  scissors,  shears,  combs,  bottles  of 
medicine,  soap,  newspapers,  sheets  of  song  music,  etc.  The  wives, 
sisters  and  daughters  of  most  of  the  men  were  invited  by  Colonel  Taft,  to 
send  any  little  luxury  or  memento  in  the  package,  that  fancy  or  affection 
might  suggest.  This  large  package  was  sent  forward  on  the  twenty-ninth 
of  April,  to  the  Worcester  Light  Infantry,  and  was  duly  received  and 
acknowledged  by  Captain  Harrison  W.  Pratt. 

On  the  evening  of  the  thirtieth,  two  similar  packages  were  sent  by  the 
same  gentleman  to  the  City  Guards,  Captain  A.  B.  R.  Sprague,  and  the 
Emmet  Guards,  Captain  McConville,  of  the  Third  Battalion  Rifles,  all  of 
which  arrived,  and  were  duly  acknowledged  by  the  commanding  officers  of 
each  company.  The  above  goods  were  the  first  sanitary  goods  sent  to 
the  front,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  from  any  source  in  the  United 
States." 

The  letters  from  the  officers  of  the  Worcester  pioneer  com- 
panies were  very  earnest  in  their  expressions  of  gratitude  for 
the  articles  which  were  sent.  It  is  a  pleasant  fact  that  the 
benevolence  of  Worcester  led  the  way  in  this  form  of  aid  and 
encouragement,  so  helpful  and  cheering  to  the  soldier,  afar 
from  home  and  friends,  and  Colonel  Taft  may  be  proud  of  the 
distinction  of  having  taken  the  first  step  in  the  grand 
movement. 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  413 

What  was  thus  begun,  was  followed  up  most  liberally  until 
the  war  was  over,  and  the  surviving  soldiers  had  returned  to 
their  homes.  Different  gentlemen  were  continually  visiting 
the  soldiers  in  the  field,  and  they  always  went  with  full  hands. 
They  gave  from  their  own  resources,  as  well  as  from  the 
friends  who  made  them  the  almoners  of  their  bounty.  This 
was  in  addition  to  the  immense  quantities  of  stores  sent  by 
the  Ladies'  Relief  Society. 

The  fact  that  Major  Hall  early  started  with  a  large  supply 
has  already  been  stated.  On  the  fifth  of  May,  1862,  nearly  a 
ton  of  boxes,  packages,  etc.,  were  sent  off  for  the  Twenty-fifth 
Regiment,  then  at  Newbern,  and  thus  every  regiment  was 
remembered,  as  its  wants  became  known.  Soon  the  Soldiers 
Relief  Society  was  formed,  and  the  work  of  supplying  the  sol- 
diers with  necessaries  and  comforts,  was  systematized.  More 
than  fourteen  thousand  dollars  in  cash,  as  we  have  seen,  were 
laid  out  in  their  behalf,  besides  more  than  twice  that  sum  in 
stores.  In  addition,  whoever  visited  the  camps,  the  hospitals, 
or  the  armies  in  the  fields,  took  with  them  large  sums  from 
individuals,  to  be  used  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiers.  For 
example,  the  Hon.  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  then  mayor  of  the  city, 
and  Henry  S.  Washburn,  Esq.,  left  for  the  seat  of  war,  on  the 
third  of  September,  1862,  taking  with  them  five  hundred  and 
fifty-two  dollars  in  money,  besides  a  large  quantities  of  sup- 
plies. At  another  time,  Messrs.  Alzirus  and  J.  Stuart  Brown, 
visited  the  soldiers,  bearing  between  eleven  and  twelve  hun- 
dred dollars,  in  addition  to  barrels  and  boxes  of  stores.  These 
are  specimens  of  benevolence  of  which  there  is  no  record.  It 
would  be  safe  to  say  that  the  visitors  to  the  soldiers  could  be 
counted  by  scores,  and  even  by  hundreds,  during  the  war,  and 
very  few  of  these  returned  without  leaving  something  either 
from  their  own  purses,  or  from  others  who  supplied  them  with 
funds  to  be  used  for  the  men  in  the  service.  It  would  be 
pleasant  to  record  the  names  of  all  these  benefactors,  if  it  were 
practicable.  Many  have  already  been  mentioned  in  the  regi- 
mental histories.  The  best  record  of  these  and  of  all  other 
benefactors  will  be  found  in  the  hearts  of  grateful  soldiers. 


414  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Section  VI.  —  Soldiers  in  Prison. 

There  are  no  official  records  accessible  from  which  the 
names  of  our  men  who  were  taken  prisoners  can  be  ascer- 
tained. Neither  the  reports  of  the  Adjutant  General,  nor  the 
large  quarto  volumes  now  in  course  of  publication  by  the 
state,  and  which  contain  the  names  of  all  officers  and  men 
who  entered  the  service  from  Massachusetts,  arranged  by 
companies  and  regiments,  give  the  names  of  those  taken  by 
the  enemy.  The  lists  of  prisoners  that  were  published  in  the 
papers  of  the  day,  were  incorrect.  The  original  intention  to 
give  the  names  of  those  imprisoned,  has  been  reluctantly 
abandoned  as  hopeless.  The  number  of  prisoners  lost  by  cer- 
tain regiments,  will  be  found  in  the  history  of  those  regiments, 
so  far  as  the  number  could  be  gathered  from  official  reports. 
To  these  the  reader  is  referred. 

The  design  of  this  section  is  to  present  a  specimen  or  two 
of  prison  experiences,  which  were  endured  by  the  "  boys  in 
blue"  when  they  were  so  unfortunate  as  to  fall  into  rebel 
hands.  The  officers  generally  fared  better,  though  in  respect 
to  them  the  usages  of  war  were  not  always  regarded.  But  the 
treatment  of  our  soldiers,  in  many  prisons,  will  fasten  everlast- 
ing disgrace  upon  the  rebel  government  at  Richmond.  The 
base  wretch  who  commanded  at  Andersonville,  and  who  was 
the  instrument  of  torture  used  by  Jefferson  Davis  in  starving 
our  poor  men  into  insanity,  disease  and  death,  was  tried,  and 
condemned,  and  put  to  deserved  death,  by  our  government. 
But  there  were  more  guilty  wretches  than  he,  who  have 
indeed  escaped  their  deserts,  but  who  are  loaded  down  with 
the  curses  of  prisoners  who  were  treated  with  a  cruelty  which 
has  no  parallel  in  the  records  of  Christian  nations.  In  the 
third  volume  of  Draper's  History  of  the  War,  there  is  a  chap- 
ter detailing  the  conduct  of  the  rebels  towards  our  prisoners 
at  Andersonville.  It  appears  that  the  medical  authorities  in 
charge  of  the  prison,  repeatedly  remonstrated  with  their  own 
government  against  the  hard  treatment  of  the  prisoners  ;  but 
no  heed  was  given  to  their  representations.  The  barbarity 
went  forward  unchecked  and  unrebuked.     All  the  facts  col- 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  415 

lected  by  Dr.  Draper  serve  to  show  that  the  sufferings  of  our 
men  were  greater  than  had  been  believed  at  the  north.  It 
was  hard  to  credit  the  reports  of  our  returned  prisoners.  It 
seemed  as  if  they  must  have  exaggerated  their  sufferings, 
while  yet  feeling  the  smart.  And  it  was  difficult  to  believe 
that  any  of  our  countrymen  could  exhibit  so  much  of  the  sav- 
age as  was  reported.  But  the  authentic  facts  prove  that  our 
men  who  finally  found  deliverance  from  the  prison  house 
actually  understated  the  horrors  of  their  condition.  The  facts 
surpass  the  cruelties  of  fiction.  The  "  black  hole  "  of  Calcutta 
was  but  for  a  night,  and  the  Bengalese  did  not  anticipate  the 
aw.ful  fate  of  those  who  died  before  morning.  But  the  hell  of 
Andersonville  lasted  for  months  ;  its  condition  was  reported 
to  the  rebel  government  ;  our  men  were  slowly  driven  to 
death.  They  were  forced  into  all  the  diseases  that  infest 
prison  life,  and  then  held  in  that  situation  until  death  put  an 
end  to  their  sufferings.  The  infamy  of  such  treatment  should 
rest  on  the  memory  of  Robert  E.  Lee  and  Jefferson  Davis,  as 
long  as  human  records  endure. 

The  experience  of  two  or  three  of  our  captured  soldiers  will 
now  be  given  in  condensed  form. 

Amos  E.  Stearns,  a  native  of  Taunton,  but  a  citizen  of 
Worcester,  before  and  since  the  war,  was  a  member  of  the 
Twenty-fifth  Regiment.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Roanoke 
Island,  Newbern,  Kinston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Port 
Walthall  and  Drury's  Bluff.  At  the  latter  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner, May  16,  1864.  He  was  taken  to  Libby  Prison,  and  kept 
about  a  week.  At  first  he  had  rations,  but  before  the  week 
was  out,  he  was  put,  with  the  other  prisoners,  on  what  might 
be  called  starvation  allowance.  About  the  thirtieth  of  May  he 
was  removed  to  Andersonville,  where  he  remained  till  near 
the  middle  of  September.  After  this  he  was  at  several 
prisons,  as  the  rebel  forces  were  driven  northward  by  General 
Sheridan,  until  he  was  paroled  in  February,  1865. 

While  at  Andersonville  his  food  was  from  a  pint  to  a  quart 
of  corn  meal,  per  day.  Sometimes  rice  was  substituted  for 
meal.     Occasionally  a  little  meat  was  allowed  ;  but  this  was 


41 6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

seldom,  and  not  more  than  the  size  of  two  fingers  at  a  time. 
Some  salt  was  furnished.  There  was  no  shelter;  much  of  the 
time  the  water  was  scanty  and  poor.  There  was  food  enough 
to  keep  a  man  alive;  not  enough  to  assuage  hunger;  just 
enough  to  make  life  a  torment.  At  length  he  was  attacked 
with  scurvy,  for  which  he  received  no  adequate  treatment. 
Exposed  to  heat  and  storm  ;  liable  to  be  shot  down  like  a  dog 
if  he  crossed  the  dead  line  by  accident  or  inadvertence  ;  com- 
pelled to  hear  the  groanings  of  the  dying  around  him  ;  horri- 
fied to  see  his  dead  companions  dragged  off  like  so  many 
carcasses,  and  put  into  pits,  which  Union  soldiers  were  forced 
to  dio:  ;  all  these  and  other  horrors  combined  to  render  exist- 
ence  a  prolonged  agony.  Mr.  Stearns  emphatically  testifies 
that  the  reports  of  our  soldiers'  sufferings  in  prison  are  below 
the  awful  reality. 

Martin  McCue  was  also  a  member  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  in 
the  company  of  Captain  Thomas  O'Neil.  He  was  also  cap- 
tured at  Drury's  Bluff,  and  taken  to  Libby  Prison.  In  a 
few  weeks  he  was  removed  to  Andersonville,  and  subjected  to 
the  cruel  treatment  which  seemed  to  be  the  rule  at  that 
prison.  By  reason  of  a  good  constitution,  he  was  better  able 
to  endure  than  many  of  his  comrades.  With  the  exception  of 
chronic  diarrhea,  he  was  comparatively  well,  during  the  seven 
months  of  his  imprisonment  at  Andersonville,  and  could  earn 
something  by  assisting  others.  But  his  own  sufferings  were 
great,  besides  the  pain  of  beholding  the  more  intense  suffer- 
ings of  comrades.  The  prisoners  endured  much  from  thirst. 
This  fact  enables  us  to  understand  how  they  appreciated  a 
shower,  and  regarded  it  as  a  special  divine  interposition.  He 
says  that  a  great  thunder-shower  washed  away  the  stockade 
in  two  places.  Then  the  prisoners  shouted  as  if  the  Lord  was 
opening  the  way  for  their  deliverance.  By  the  shower,  a  hill 
within  the  prison  bounds,  was  so  surcharged  with  rain,  that  a 
spring  burst  out  on  the  side,  and  the  prisoners  drank  their  fill. 
After  drinking  they  would  fill  their  boots  and  carry  them  to 
their  quarters.  He  states  that  this  spring  flowed  several 
months,  and  the  soldiers  regarded  it  as  a  gift  of  divine  favor. 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  417 

George  Wellington  was  the  son  of  Mr.  Timothy  Welling- 
ton. Brave  son  and  honored  father!  Mr.  Wellington  took 
an  active  part  in  sustaining  the  government  by  all  the  means 
in  his  power.  Heart,  and  hand,  and  purse,  were  all  enlisted 
in  the  work.  But  his  noblest  offering  was  four  sons,  all  of 
whom  went  into  the  war.  Edward  and  Frank  enlisted  as  pri- 
vates in  the  Twenty-fifth,  and  after  serving  through  Burn- 
side's  campaign  in  North  Carolina,  the  former  was  promoted 
to  a  lieutenancy  in  Colonel  Lowell's  Cavalry  ;  but  he  resigned 
his  position  on  account  of  failing  health.  Frank  was  detailed 
to  the  commissary  department,  and  was  stationed  at  New- 
bern,  where  he  remained  till  his  term  of  service  had  expired. 
Charles,  a  third  son,  enlisted  in  the  navy,  and  served  fifteen 
months.  George,  a  twin  brother  of  Charles,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  enlisted  in  the  Second  Heavy  Artillery,  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Plymouth,  North  Carolina,  and  sent  to  Anderson- 
ville,  where  he  died,  a  victim  to  rebel  barbarity.  Mr.  Welling- 
ton not  only  sent  these  sons  to  the  war,  but  he  provided,  at  his 
own  expense,  a  hospital  in  Worcester,  for  the  sick  and  dis- 
abled soldiers,  which  he  supported  about  five  months,  and  dis- 
pensed aid  to  fifty  or  sixty  sick  or  wounded  men.  These 
facts  seemed  to  demand  permanent  record  and  commemora- 
tion, but  the  subject  in  hand  is  the  treatment  of  his  son 
George  in  a  rebel  prison. 

When  Mr.  McCue  entered  the  prison  at  Andersonville,  he 
met  George  Wellington,  for  whose  father  he  had  worked  in 
Worcester.  George  v/as  then  very  feeble  with  chronic  diar- 
rhea. His  food  was  cob-meal,  and  a  trifle  of  molasses,  thin. 
He  had  a  little  money,  and  bought  bread  of  a  rebel  sutler  at 
an  exorbitant  price.  He  had  no  shelter  except  a  blanket  on 
sticks,  which  the  wet  penetrated.  He  had  scurvy,  with  dis- 
eased gums,  which  bled  freely.  He  was  wasted  away  to  skin 
and  bones.  McCue  saw  him  every  day,  and  sometimes  two 
or  three  times  a  day.  Young  Wellington  would  come  down 
where  he  was  and  lie  down  in  the  sand.  The  effects  of  his 
disease  are  too  painful  to  describe.  About  a  fortnight  before 
he  died  he  became  too  weak  to  move.     His  mind  was  clouded, 

27 


41 8  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR, 

and  the  last  two  days  he  did  not  recognise  McCue.  At  times 
he  was  raving.  But  generally  he  was  talking  about  home,  and 
saying  if  he  could  get  money  from  his  father,  he  would  not 
die  out  there.  He  often  longed  for  home  ;  but  said  he  never 
was  sorry  that  he  went  to  the  war.  This  was  his  second  term 
of  service. 

The  accursed  spirit  of  slavery  could  inflict  and  protract 
such  tortures.  It  is  some  consolation  to  reflect  that  our 
brave  patriots  gave  their  lives  to  abolish  slavery,  and  make  it 
forever  impossible  in  our  redeemed  country. 

It  should  be  added  here,  that  during  the  war,  our  citizens 
did  everything  feasible  to  reach  their  friends  in  southern 
prisons,  and  contribute  to  their  comfort,  but  there  is  no  record 
of  a  tithe  of  what  was  done  in  this  labor  of  love. 

Section  VII.  —  Female  Nurses. 
At  the  opening  of  the  war  the  people  pressed  upon  the  gov- 
ernment the  importance  of  providing  well  for  the  soldiers.  In 
addition,  they  sought  in  every  way,  through  unofficial  channels, 
to  mitigate  the  hardships  of  the  camp,  and  the  sufferings  of 
the  hospital.  At  first  the  presence  and  aid  of  private  persons 
was  not  well  received  by  surgeons  and  others  in  authority.  It 
is  probable  that  injudicious  visitors  to  the  field  interfered,  at 
times,  with  the  regulations  of  the  service,  and  sometimes  their 
well-meant  efforts  were  harmful  to  the  objects  of  their  kind- 
ness. But  the  feelings  of  the  people  could  not  be  suppressed  ; 
they  only  needed  to  be  guided  in  proper  channels  and  brought 
into  systematic  action.  Hence  arose  the  Sanitary  Commission 
and  the  Christian  Commission.  But  these  agencies  offered 
no  field  for  female  enterprise  except  in  providing  stores  at 
home.  Some  were  impelled  to  seek  service  in  hospitals, 
where  they  could  personally  minister  to  the  sick,  wounded  and 
dying.  Their  presence  was  at  first  not  sought  nor  desired. 
Some  surgeons  objected  to  their  coming,  and  positively  refused 
to  admit  them  to  the  hospitals  under  their  charge.  They  did 
not  consider  such  places  suitable  for  women.  But  female 
kindness  and  persistency  prevailed.     In  many  hospitals,  east 


BENEVOLENCE  OF  WORCESTER  IN  THE  WAR.     419 

and  west,  lady  nurses  were  employed,  and  their  presence  was 
not  only  a  great  comfort  to  the  men,  but  had  a  restraining 
influence  on  their  conversation  and  deportment.  And  these 
ladies  testify  that  they  were  treated  with  respect,  and  were 
the  recipients  of  grateful  testimonials  from  the  soldiers. 

Six  ladies,  if  not  more,  went  from  Worcester  to  engage  in 
this  service.  Some  of  these  were  mothers,  and  some  were 
widows  of  soldiers  who  had  fallen.  Others  were  impelled  by 
patriotic  kindness,  though  drawn  to  the  hospital  by  no  special 
cause.  The  following  are  the  names  of  those  who  went  from 
this  city,  viz:  Mrs.  Helen  Smith,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gird,  Mrs. 
Susan  Ware,  Miss  Elizabeth  Wheeler,  Miss  Julia  M.  Goddard, 
{now  Rev.  Mrs.  Austin),  and  Mrs.  Susan  E.  Alger.  Their 
terms  of  service,  and  their  experience  in  the  hospitals,  were  in 
some  respects  different ;  but  in  general  they  were  so  alike, 
that  the  record  of  one  may  answer  for  that  of  all. 

Mrs.  Alger  had  an  only  son, —  and  he  was  an  only  child, — 
who  entered  the  service  early,  and  served  faithfully  till  cap- 
tured by  the  rebels,  by  whom  he  was  subjected  to  the  horrors 
of  a  southern  prison  till  death  released  him.  It  was  while  her 
son  was  alive  that  she  engaged  in  the  self-denying  labor  of  a 
hospital  nurse.  Sympathy  for  the  suffering  was  the  impelling 
motive  in  her  case,  as  in  that  of  others. 

She  was  employed  in  McDougall  General  Hospital,  Fort 
Schuyler,  N.Y.,  about  seven  months.  The  rules  in  regard 
to  female  nurses  were  very  strict ;  but  were  such  as  ladies  of 
character  cordially  approved.  After  seven  months  of  contin- 
uous toil,  she  left  with  high  commendation  from  the  medical 
officers  in  charge.  It  was  her  design  to  continue  in  such  ser- 
vice, but  ill  health  prevented. 

At  McDougall  Hospital  Mrs.  Alger  had  a  ward  of  fifty- 
seven  beds,  and  though  the  patients  kept  her  in  constant  em- 
ployment, she  never  felt  so  well  paid  elsewhere  as  in  waiting 
upon  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers,  because  they  were  so 
grateful.  Though  they  were  men  of  many  nations,  and 
though  some  were  coarse  and  rough  in  manners,  they  never 
uttered  an  unkind  word  to  their  nurses,  and  were  always 
thankful  for  favors. 


420  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

She  remembers  with  great  pleasure  a  Thanksgiving  dinner 
which  she  was  enabled  to  spread  for  them,  through  the  kind- 
ness of  Worcester  friends.  She  writes  :  *■'  Mrs.  T.  W,  Wel- 
lington, and  Mr.  Lucius  W,  Pond,  came  to  us  heavily  laden 
with  niceties  for  us  Worcester  nurses,  three  in  number.  We 
then,  by  permission,  sat  down  at  the  table  with  the  men. 
Those  too  weak  to  be  at  the  table,  sat  or  lay  on  their  cots. 
As  I  took  my  seat,  waiting  for  the  steward  to  dish  out  tea 
and  coffee,  and  saw  crippled  men  on  my  right  and  on  my  left  in 
tears,  I  spoke  to  change  the  scene,  for  my  heart  was  sad,  as 
my  own  son  was  I  knew  not  where.  Some  of  us  said,  '  This 
is  a  new  Thanksgiving  to  us,'  and  some  of  the  men  said,  it 
was  over  a  year  since  they  had  sat  at  table  with  a  lady  ;  and 
now  with  their  soldier  mother,  they  were  reminded  of  loved 
ones  at  home.  The  absence  of  my  own  son  was  all  that  pre- 
vented it  being  the  happiest  Thanksgiving  I  ever  spent." 

The  testimonials  of  gratitude  towards  our  lady  nurses  were 
many.  One  must  suffice  as  the  counterpart  of  a  large  number. 
Mr.  W.  W.  Dunham,  a  soldier  from  Maine,  desires  to  have  it 
recorded  that  he  owes  his  life  to  the  kindness  of  Worcester 
people.  First,  he  remembers  gratefully  the  aid  of  Rev.  H.  L. 
Wayland,  formerly  pastor  of  the  Main  Street  Baptist  Church, 
and  in  the  war,  chaplain  of  the  Seventh  Connecticut  Infantry, 
who  while  on  board  a  steamboat,  kept  him  from  bleeding  to 
death,  and  saved  his  arm.  The  faithful  nursing  of  Mrs.  Alger 
while  he  was  in  McDougall  Hospital,  he  holds  in  not  less 
thankful  remembrance. 

It  should  be  added  that  the  soldiers  in  field  and  hospital 
were  indebted  to  other  ladies  who  went  to  the  front,  or  were 
connected  with  the  army.  Among  these  was  Mrs.  E.  M. 
Rice,  wife  of  Dr.  Marcus  Rice,  who  was  with  her  husband 
during  a  large  part  of  his  term  of  service.  Though  not  a 
nurse,  or  in  any  way  officially  connected  with  the  hospitals,  she 
could  not  see  the  poor  men  suffer,  without  being  moved  to 
aid  them  all  in  her  power. 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  42 1 

Section  VIII. — Miss  Clara  Barton. 
Oxford  has  the  honor  of  being  the  home  of  Miss  Barton, 
Her  fame  is  inseparably  connected  with  the  history  of  the 
federal  armies  in  the  war  against  the  rebellion.  But  from  the 
fact  that  she  has  many  relations  and  friends  in  Worcester,  and 
that  she  felt  peculiar  interest  in  the  soldiers  who  composed 
the  regiments  which  were  recruited  in  this  city,  arises  the 
consideration  that  her  name  should  hold  an  honored  place  in 
the  story  of  Worcester's  heroism  and  endurance.  Perhaps 
nothing  could  exhibit,  in  briefer  compass  the  nature  of  her 
labors,  and  the  spirit  which  animated  her  in  their  perform- 
ance, than  the  following  letter.  The  occasion  was  this.  Mrs. 
Helen  C.  Harlow,  formerly  of  Shrewsbury,  while  on  the  way 
to  her  home  in  California,  heard  of  the  battles  in  the  Wilder- 
ness, and  sent  fifty  dollars  to  T.  W,  Hammond,  Esq.,  to  be 
used  in  promoting  the  comfort  of  the  suffering  soldiers.  Mr. 
Hammond  sent  the  money  to  Miss  Barton,  to  be  used  at  her 
discretion.  Her  response,  dated  at  Washington,  June  19, 
1864.  was  in  the  following  heart-warm  sentences. 

"  My  Dear  Friend  :  I  have  been  waiting  some  days  in  the  vain  hi)pe 
of  finding  a  longer  minute  in  which  to  reply  to  your  excellent  letter,  and 
acknowledge  the  reception  of  the  generous  donation  of  a  check  for  fifty 
dollars,  [$50]  forwarded  me  by  you.  Please  accept,  in  behalf  of  our  suffer- 
ing armies,  my  most  beart-felt  thanks,  both  for  yourself,  and  the  patriotic, 
kind-hearted  lady,  whose  soul  has  gone  out  in  sympathy  with  her  eastern 
brothers,  fighting  and  dying  in  the  Virginia  swamps,  hundreds  of  miles 
from  her  home  of  flowers.  First  to  her  for  the  gift  belong  my  grateful 
thanks,  and  next,  and  more  especially,  my  good  friend,  to  you,  for  the 
appropriation  you  were  pleased  to  make  of  it.  I  am  glad  my  acquaintances 
have  the  confidence  in  my  integrity  and  ability,  which  enables  them  con- 
scientiously to  entrust  their  bounty  to  my  hands.  They  will  never  know 
how  faithfully  I  shall  strive  to  use  all  so  entrusted,  can  never  understand 
as  I  do  the  new  estimate  of  value  and  means  that  the  last  few  years'  expe- 
rience has  given  me.  Formerly  a  dollar  was  a  dollar  only,  and  might  be 
indifferently  used,  or  laid  aside  for  future  contingencies  ;  now,  with  the 
memory  of  all  these  bloody  fields  of  perishing  men,  constantly  looming  up 
in  my  sight,  —  a  dollar  is  a  life,  —  must  be  expended  to  the  best  possible 
advantage,  and  may  not  be  retained  a  single  hour,  lest  while  it  waits,  some 
father's  soul  goes  up  to  God,  and  his  widowed  wife  and  orphaned  children 
weep  alone  upon  the  desolate  hearth-stone.     Nothing  but  these  terrible 


422  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

scenes  has  ever  for  a  moment  of  my  life,  enkindled  in  my  mind  the  just 
desire  for  wealth.  To-day,  I  would  take  the  wealth  of  a  gold  mine,  if  I 
could  get  it,  and  to-morrow  I  should  be  poor. 

It  will  of  course  be  no  news  to  you  that  I  expect  to  start  for  James 
River  soon,  and  I  shall  be  most  happy  if  I  am  able,  to  do  any  favor  for 
my  Worcester-county  friends  among  their  friends  at  the  field." 

Section  IX. —  Aid  to  Freedmen. 

As  our  armies  moved  south  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line, 
many  free  blacks,  and  a  larger  number  of  slaves  were  so 
changed  in  their  relations  in  life  as  to  become  dependent  on 
the  government,  and  upon  their  friends  in  the  loyal  states. 
As  all  were  now  alike  practically  free  wherever  our  arms  pre- 
vailed, they  were  all  treated  as  one  class.  At  first  it  was  a 
l)uzzle  to  our  commanders  in  the  field,  —  even  those  of  them 
who  detested  slavery,  —  to  know  what  to  do  with  escaped 
slaves.  General  Butler,  by  a  happy  hit,  termed  them  contra- 
bands, and  under  that  name,  felt  no  scruples  in  making  use  of 
them  in  carrying  on  the  war,  and  withholding  them  from 
recapture  by  their  masters.  Later  they  took  the  title  of 
freedmen,  which  has  adhered  to  them. 

The  antecedents  of  Worcester  would  raise  the  presump- 
tion that  her  citizens  would  be  ready  to  respond  to  any  and 
all  proper  calls  upon  their  liberality  in  behalf  of  the  colored 
people  of  the  South,  whether  free  or  bond.  The  result  was 
what  might  have  been  expected.  The  contributions  in  aid  of 
contrabands  and  freedmen,  so  far  as  there  is  any  accessible 
record,  will  be  given  in  this  place. 

The  Ladies'  Committee  in  behalf  of  the  contrabands  at 
Fortress  Monroe,  and  elsewhere,  were  as  follows.  Mrs.  John 
Davis,  Mrs.  Ichabod  Washburn,  Mrs.  E.  L.  Barnard,  Mrs.  J. 
Aldrich,  Mrs.  James  C.  Morse,  Mrs.  L.  B.  Witherby,  Mrs. 
Edwin  Moody,  Mrs.  Samuel  P.  Lee,  Mrs.  Theodore  Brown, 
Miss  Fanny  Brown,  Mrs.  Jason  Putnam,  Mrs.  B.  W.  Perkins, 
and  Mrs.  Lemuel  Moss.  They  were  organized  by  choosing 
Mrs.  Washburn,  President ;  Mrs.  Davis,  Vice-President ; 
Mrs.  Edward  Earle,  Treasurer,  and  Mrs.  Theo.  Brown,  Sec- 
retary. The  first  meeting  was  on  the  twenty-seventh  of 
December,  1861. 


BENEVOLENCE   OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  423 

On  the  eleventh  of  January,  1862,  the  committee  received 
from  the  Salem  Street  Society,  a  large  supply  of  new  and 
second-hand  clothing. 

The  Old  South  Sunday  School,  on  motion  of  Colonel  Esta- 
brook,  voted  to  devote  the  collections  for  the  next  three 
months,  to  the  purchase  of  common-school  books  for  the  igno- 
rant contrabands. 

By  the  seventh  of  March  the  ladies  working  for  the  contra- 
bands had  sent  twenty-six  barrels  of  clothing. 

On  the  twentieth  of  November  Mrs.  John  Davis  appealed 
to  the  public  for  aid  for  the  slaves  through  the  agency  of  the 
Slaves'  Relief  Society. 

December  5,  the  society  met  with  Mrs.  Washburn,  the 
president.  The  report  stated  that  ^117.15  had  been  received, 
and  that  thirty-eight  boxes  had  been  sent  away,  about  thirty 
of  which  had  been  made  up  in  Worcester.  The  officers  of 
last  year  were  re-appointed,  and  the  following  were  constituted 
an  executive  committee  :  Mrs.  S.  H.  Colton,  Mrs.  Charles 
Hadwen,  Mrs.  J.  C.  Morse,  Mrs.  Lemuel  Moss,  Mrs.  W.  H. 
Sanford,  Mrs.  S.  Souther,  Mrs.  Putnam,  Mrs.  E.  Draper,  Mrs. 
James  Estey,  Mrs.  Wetherbee,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Allen,  Mrs. 
James  Whiton,  Mrs.  Penniman,  Mrs.  Perkins,  Mrs.  E.  W. 
Healy,  Mrs.  Edwin  Moody,  Mrs.  Barry,  Mrs.  Avery  Davis, 
and  Miss  Martha  Le  Baron. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  January,  1863,  eighty-two  dollars,  in 
money,  and  a  great  variety  of  articles  were  sent  for  the  relief 
of  the  contrabands. 

A  large  meeting  was  held,  July  17,  in  Mechanics  Hall, 
though  the  weather  was  stormy,  to  hear  the  Rev.  Horace 
James  and  others  in  behalf  of  his  mission  among  the  freedmen 
of  North  Carolina.  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock  was  in  the  chair,  and 
made  a  brief  but  eloquent  speech.  Mr.  James  said  he  was 
sent  north  by  Major-General  Foster,  as  superintendent  of  con- 
trabands, though  still  chaplain  of  the  Twenty-fifth.  The 
blacks  desired  freedom,  and  education.  He  wanted  to  colo- 
nize Roanoke  Island,  and  earnestly  appealed  for  help.  He 
was  followed  in  an  impressive  manner  by  John  B.  Gough.     A 


424  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 

subscription  was  begun  at  the  meeting.  Mr.  James  had 
obtained  quite  a  sum  in  Boston,  to  purchase  a  saw-mill,  a 
steam-engine,  and  other  articles. 

At  a  regular  weekly  meeting  in  the  vestry  of  the  Union 
Church,  July  22,  Rev.  Mr.  Cutler  made  a  suggestion  and  an 
appeal  in  behalf  of  the  unoffending  colored  people  of  New 
York.  This  was  just  after  those  bloody  riots  in  which  many 
colored  people  were  killed  by  the  brutal  mob. 

A  Freedmen's  Aid  meeting  held  at  the  Old  South  Church, 
April  17,  1864,  was  largely  attended.  Rev.  E.  Cutler  pre- 
sided. It  was  reported  that  since  December,  1861,  the  soci- 
ety had  sent  between  ^3,000  and  $4,000,  at  an  expense  of 
about  $75.     Acollection  of  $108.50  was  taken  at  the  meeting. 

In  April  the  society  received  $79.85  for  general,  and 
$316.50  for  educational  purposes. 

On  the  fourth  of  June,  $200.00  were  received  by  the  soci- 
ety for  the  benefit  of  the  freedmen.  In  August,  $83.16  were 
received. 

By  October,  1864,  the  society  had  sent  over  $4,000,  besides 
contributing  $770.90  to  the  educational  fund,  and  forwarding 
a  large  number  of  boxes  and  barrels  of  clothing,  and  otlier 
stores. 

In  January,  1865,  the  Freedmen's  Relief  Society  received 
in  money,  $1471.46;  and  on  the  tenth  of  February,  $587.47 
were  added  to  the  funds  by  a  contribution.  Several  boxes  and 
$295.15,  were  sent  out  on  the  tenth  of  February. 

The  annual  report,  October  14,  1865,  gave  the  receipts  for 
the  year,  amounting  to  $2,491.01.  During  the  next  month, 
$65.87  were  added  to  the  above  ;  and  in  December,  $463.50 
additional  were  received.  Aid  for  the  freedmen  was  contin- 
ued in  this  way,  until  gradually  the  work  of  caring  for  and 
educating  them  and  their  children,  was  assumed  by  various 
denominational  societies,  in  connection  with  the  Freedmen's 
Bureau,  under  the  brave  and  good  General  Howard. 

The  amount  of  the  various  sums  specified  above  is  over 
$6,500.00.  To  this  must  be  added  the  immense  amount  of 
property  sent  out  in  the  shape  of  clothing,  books,  engines,  and 
implements  of  husbandry. 


BENEVOLENCE    OF    WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR.  425 

In  the  meantime,  during  the  early  part  of  1865,  the  sum  of 
$2,568.40,  had  been  raised  in  Worcester,  in  consequence  of 
an  appeal  by  Colonel  N.  G.  Taylor,  for  the  benefit  of  white 
refugees  and  suffering  loyalists  in  East  Tennessee. 

Such  is  the  record  of  the  benevolence  of  Worcester  during 
the  years  1861-65,  for  purposes  connected  with,  and  growing 
directly  out  of  the  war.  If  the  sums  of  money  specified  above 
should  be  multiplied  by  five,  the  amount  actually  given,  in 
various  forms,  would  not  be  exaggerated. 


426 


WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER    XIX. 

COMMUTATION.  — COST   OF  THE   WAR. 

Section    I.  —  Commutations.  —  Substitutes  for  Drafted  Men. — 
Substitutes  for  Enrolled  Men.  —  Representative  Recruits. 

The  number  of  our  citizens  who  paid  commutation,  was 
one  hundred  and  three.  The  number  of  substitutes  for 
drafted  men,  was  fifty-three.  The  number  of  substitutes  for 
enrolled  men,  was  fifty-nine.  The  number  of  representative 
recruits  is  not  known,  but  was  not  large. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  "drafted  men"  who  paid 
commutation,  under  the  draft  of  July,  1863. 


Henry  E.  Cobb, 
Henry  D.  Ward, 
George  A.  Gates, 
George  E.  Murdock, 
Waldo  Merrit, 
Gilbert  J.  Rugg, 
Theo.  F.  Bacon, 
Hiram  Haskins, 
George  Dana, 
Henry  Mitchell, 
Theodore  H.  Sawyer, 
Joseph  Goulding, 
Thomas  J.  Welch, 
Matthew  Dorcey, 
William  A.  Newland, 
Franklin  W.  Harrington, 
William  H.  Moore, 
George  Olncy, 
Harvey  E.  Park, 
Rodney  A.  Smith, 
Andrew  H.  Hammond, 
James  Mclntyre, 
Stephen  M.  Haskell, 
Walter  M.  Swift, 
Davis  B.  Perry, 
David  C.  Talbot, 
Amasa  Hinds, 
William  H.  Lucas, 


Charles  H.  Whitcomb, 
Nelson  J.  Adams, 
George  W.  Dean, 
Alvah  C.  Trafton, 
George  E.  Cutler, 
Albert  C.  Buttrick, 
Samuel  Davis, 
George  A.  Barnard, 
John  B.  Cosgrove, 
Andrew  J.  Gustin, 
Francis  A.  Thompson, 
William  H.  Field, 
Arthur  E.  Estabrook, 
George  C.  Sawyer, 
Alben  W.  Lackey, 
J.  Hobart  Brooks, 
John  G.  Brady, 
Lucius  P.  Rowth, 
Cyrus  B.  Allen, 
Harris  RL  Krables, 
Charles  A.  Hardy, 
William  Coes, 
Albert  T.  Prentiss, 
Henry  C.  Valentine, 
Stephen  A.  Richardson, 
Stockwell  Clarke, 
Rufus  W.  Blake, 
Charles  Hubbard, 


Charles  N.  Cutler, 
George  E.  Crane, 
George  R.  Andrews, 
George  H.  Smith, 
Francis  A.  Bacon, 
Benj.  F.  Harrington, 
Henry  Shaw, 
Edwin  A.  Thwing, 
Harvey  S.  Tainter, 
Charles  H.  Tower, 
Mark  D.  Knowlton, 
George  H.  Bushnell, 
Samuel  B.  Parsons, 
Abial  E.  Wilson, 
Oliver  C.  Haven, 
Charles  A.  Chace, 
Charles  C.  Abbott, 
William  A.  Cheney, 
Nathan  B.  Gates, 
Nathaniel  Paine, 
Newell  K.  Holden, 
John  D.  Washburn, 
Levi  Jackson, 
George  E.  Barton, 
Edwin  A.  Babcock, 
Leander  S.  Wood, 
Frederick  J.  Barnard, 
Horace  Sheldon, 


COMMUTATION. 


427 


John  M.  Geer, 
John  W.  Young, 
James  M.  Murray, 
George  W.  Rugg, 
Charles  F.  Rugg, 
Holland  P.  Evans, 
Chester  C.  Hastings. 


Solomon  O.  Heald, 
William  P.  Heywood, 
Clifton  C.  Webster, 
James  N.  Chace, 
George  N.  Richardson, 
George  Austin. 


Harvey  B.  Wilder, 
Frederick  W.  Plympton, 
George  P.  Rogers, 
James  Clarke, 
Charles  H.  Lamb, 
Joseph  Howe. 


In  addition  to  the  above  one  hundred  and  three  names, 
seven  more  were  drafted  in  1864,  but  were  not  wanted. 

Fifty-three  men  who  were  "drafted"  in  1863,  furnished 
substitutes.  The  names  of  the  substitutes  are  in  the  Hst  of 
soldiers,  in  the  closing  chapter.  The  names  of  those  who  fur- 
nished the  substitutes  here  follow. 


Malick  A.  Loring, 
Newell  Clifford, 
Francis  Copeland, 
Charles  S.  Bacon, 
Abner  Newcomb, 
W,  W.  Hasford, 
Charles  V.  Putnam, 
Henry  O.  Bradley, 
George  F.  Hewett, 
George  A.  Lombard, 
Charles  A.  Clarke, 
Ben  Zaider, 
J.  Brown  Alden, 
Henry  White, 
Osgood  Plummer, 
Joshua  D.  Hewes, 
Edwin  S.  Lawrence, 
James  E.  Browning, 


Asa  G.  Kendall, 
J.  P.  Streeter, 
Daniel  Cachlan, 
Charles  W.  Stone, 
Edwin  Thompson, 
Joseph  A.  Estes, 
John  F.  Murray, 
George  Crompton, 
Alphonzo  Eastman, 
Eddy  Cooper, 
James  Booth, 
Henry  Billings, 
John  W.  Clarke, 
Pat  Dower, 
Jesse  G.  Sargent, 
Stillman  J.  Chamberlin, 
Horace  O.  Hudson, 
John  C.  White. 


George  F.  Wood, 
Henry  P.  Boyden, 
James  E.  Allen, 
Judson  W.  Hall, 
George  G.  Manning, 
Robert  W.  Wheaton, 
William  L.  Gulliver, 
Alfred  Knapp, 
Bradford  Peabody, 
Charles  A.  Bowker, 
William  Knowles, 
Horace  W.  Wilson, 
Stephen  Salisbury,  Jr. 
Henry  M.  Corbett, 
Daniel  W.  Prouty, 
Henry  Howe, 
Joseph  K.  Barton. 


The  following  fifty-nine  names  of  "  enrolled  "  citizens  have 
been  found  in  the  rolls  of  the  provost  marshal,  who  deserve 
credit  for  having  paid  for  substitutes  before  they  were  drafted. 
The  average  cost  of  a  substitute  at  the  time,  was  six  hundred 
and  fifty  dollars.  Some  paid  as  high  as  eight  hundred  dollars. 
These  are  the  names  : 


Daniel  W.  Bemis, 
Merrick  Bemis, 
Hiram  Butterfield, 
E.  H.  Chamberlin, 
James  W.  Holmes, 
William  A  Richardson, 
J.  Milton  Rice, 
Philip  L.  Moen, 
John  E.  Phelps, 
Henry  L.  Stone, 
George  T.  King, 
Smith  Quimby, 


William  L.  Clark, 
Joseph  D.  Daniels, 
Dwight  Foster, 
Otis  S.  Hammond, 
Russell  L.  Hawes, 
Warren  D.  Hobbs, 
Lewis  Lewisson, 
Henry  A.  Marsh, 
Willard  Richmond, 
John  K.  Tiffany, 
George  F.  Verry, 
Aaron  Whittemore, 


Jonathan  D.  Sibley, 
Samuel  Brown, 
Charles  Belcher, 
George  S.  Barton, 
William  Cross, 
Harlan  P.  Duncan, 
Thomas  Earle, 
Thomas  H.  Dodge, 
Danforth  Harris, 
Lewis  Earned,  Jr., 
Amariah  B.  Lovell, 
James  S.  Pinkham, 


428  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

R.  N.  Start,  Henry  Woodward,  Elijah  B.  Stoddard, 

Lucius  L.  Brigham,  John  W.  Wetherell,  Charles  W.  Smith, 

Hiram  Forbes,  Alzirus  Brown,  Adin  Thayer, 

Henry  Flagg,  Jacob  Childs,  Samuel  Winslow, 

Isiaah  D.  Russell,  John  Dean,  Franklin  Wesson, 

Charles  J.  Anthony,  George  S.  Hoppin,  Joseph  H.  Walker, 

James  B.  Blake,  C.  A.  Hoppin,  Samuel  Woodman. 

Harrison  Bliss,  Jr.,  Charles  B.  Pratt 

A  few  citizens,  not  liable  to  military  duty,  paid  for  "repre- 
sentative recruits  ; "  but  their  names  cannot  be  found. 


Section  II.  —  What  the  War  Cost. 
The  expense  of  the  war  to  the  citizens  of  Worcester, 
includes  many  items,  such  as  these,  i.  Bounties  paid  by  the 
city.  2.  Expenses  of  recruiting.  3.  State  aid  to  families 
during  and  since  the  war.  4.  Commutation  money  paid  by 
citizens  who  were  drafted.  5.  Money  paid  by  drafted  men 
for  substitutes.  6.  Money  paid  by  enrolled  men  for  substi- 
tutes. 7.  Money  paid  for  representative  recruits.  8.  The 
city's  proportion  of  the  State  war  debt,  exclusive  of  State  aid. 
g.  The  city's  proportion  of  the  national  war  debt.  10.  Benev- 
olence during  the  war,  such  as  Ladies'  Relief  Soldiers'  Rest, 
Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions,  and  private  dDuations. 

I.  Bounties  paid  by  the  city,  or  by  citizens,  in  detail. 

Under  the  call  of  the  president,  in  1861,  234  three  months'  men  en- 
listed, and  945  three  years'  men  enlisted,  without  any  expense  for 
bounties. 

Under  the  call  of  July  1862,  three  years'  men,  326, 
Bounties  paid  by  the  city, .  .  .  .       $3^,-93 

Call  of  August  4,  1862,  nine  months'  men,  376, 
Bounties  paid  by  the  city, ....        $3^,773 
Call  of  October  17,  i?63,  three  years'  men,  272, 
[Bounties  paid  by  citizens,  ....        $10,847 
Calls  of  February  24,  and  March  14,  1864,  three  years' 
men,  836, 
Bounties  paid  by  the  city,  ....         3Sj67o 

"  "        Citizens  ....         3i,i7S 

Call  of  July  18,  1864,  three  years'  men,  30, 
Call  of  July  18  1864,  two  years'  men,  2, 

«  "        "    one     "        "     528, 

Amount  carried  forward,  .  .  .     $145,758 


COST    OF   THE    WAR.  429 

Amount  brought  forward, .            .            .  $145,758 

Bounties  paid  by  the  city,  ....  20,431 

"            "        citizens,  .            .             *            .  21,298 
Call  of  December  19,  1864,  three  years'  men,  79, 
Call  of  December  19,  1864,  one  year's  men,  150, 

Bounties  paid  by  the  city,  ....  30,890 

"            "        citizens,  .            .            .            .  .  23,202 

Total  expense  of  recruiting,           .            .            .  ,    4,074 

Total  of  bounties  and  expense  of  recruiting,  $245,653.00 

Total  number  of  men  furnished,  3,927. 

The  number  of  men  was  not  so  large,  because  some  of 
them  enlisted  more  than  once.  They  were  counted  every 
time  they  enlisted.  Those  who  wish  to  know  the  number 
of  years'  service  furnished  by  the  city,  and  the  number  of 
three  years'  men,  have  the  data  before  them.  The  number 
of  years'  service  divided  by  three,  will  give  the  number  of 
men  reduced  to  the  three  years'  term. 
II.  Commutation  money  paid  by  drafted  men, .         .     $33,000 

III.  Money  paid  by  drafted  men  for  substitutes,        .       17,100 

IV.  Money  paid  by  enrolled  men  for  substitutes,        .      43,550 

$93,650.00 

V.  State  aid  to  famihes,  1861-1870,      .  ...        .246,751.60 

Total  bounties,  state  aid,  commutation,  etc.,  .         .         .         $586,054.60 

The  above  figures  are  from  official  sources,  and  nearly  correct. 

VI.  Ladies'  Soldiers'  Relief  Society,    .  ....  14,033.00 


VII.  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions, 
VIII.  Money  sent  to  soldiers  in  the  field,     . 
IX.  Money  for  the  freedmen,    . 
X.        "  "     East  Tennessee, . 


2,382.44 
1,800.00 
6,500.00 
2,568.40 


Total, $27,283.84 

The  above  statement  of  the  results  of  our  citizens*  benevo- 
lence in  the  war,  is  very  imperfect.  It  has  already  been  stated 
that  the  amount  ought  to  be  multiplied  by  five,  and  some  per- 
sons familiar  with  passing  events  during  the  war,  affirm  that  if 
multiplied  by  ten,  or  equalled  to  ^272,838,  the  statement  would 
not  be  an  exaggeration. 

The  proportion  of  the  State  war  debt  which  belongs  to  the 
city  of  Worcester,  cannot  be  ascertained  with  any  definiteness. 

The  proportion  of  the  national  debt  incurred  during  the  war, 
which  Worcester  has  paid,  or  will  have  to  pay  before  the  debt 
is  liquidated,  cannot  be  less  than  three  million  dollars. 


430  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER   XX. 

THE   GUARDS  — HOME   AND   STATE. 

In  giving  a  history  of  the  State  Guard,  it  will  be  necessary 
to  make  a  brief  reference  to  two  organizations  which  preceded 
its  incorporation  in  the  year  1863.  Some  of  the  facts  con- 
cerning these  two  companies  have  already  been  recited,  but 
for  the  sake  of  convenience,  they  will  be  brought  together  in 
this  chapter. 

The  honorary  and  past  members  of  the  Worcester  Light 
Infantry,  held  a  meeting,  April,  24,  1 861,  at  their  armory,  and 
adopted  a  plan  of  organization.  According  to  this  plan,  two 
classes  of  members  were  to  be  enrolled  ; — one  to  constitute  a 
Home  Guard,  and  the  other  to  consist  of  active  members 
from  whom  to  recruit  the  existing  company  then  in  the  ser- 
vice with  the  celebrated  Sixth  Regiment,  should  it  become 
necessary.  At  this  meeting  many  members  put  their  names 
on  the  roll. 

Another  meeting  was  held  on  the  first  day  of  May,  when 
the  organization  was  completed  by  the  choice  of  officers,  as 
follows  : 

D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  Captain. 
Henry  W.  Conklin,  First  Lieut.  Putnam  W.  Taft,      Third  Lieut. 

W.  A.  Williams,       Second    "  I  vers  Phillips,  Fourth     " 

In  the  meantime  another  company  had  been  forming.  On 
the  twenty-sixth  of  April,  the  past  and  fine  members  of  the 
City  Guards  held  a  large  and  spirited  meeting.  General 
George  Hobbs  was  chairman,  and  John  Boyden,  clerk.  The 
permanent  organization  was  completed  by  the  election  of  the 
following  officers. 


THE  GUARDS HOME  AND  STATE.  43 1 

George  \V.  Ward,  Captain, 

E.  A.  Wood,  First  Lieut.  C.  B.  Whiting,         Third  Lieut., 

William  A.  Smith,  Second   "  John  Boyden,  Fourth      " 

W,  H.  Drury,         First  Sergeafit,  Silas  W.  Goddard,  Third  Sergeant, 

Richard  Fiske,       Secotid      "  George  A.  Brown,  Fourth      " 

J.  D.  Chollar,         First  Corporal,  George  E.  Barrett,  Third  Coiporal, 

H.  C.  Foster,         Second      "  John  H.  Field,        Fo7irth     " 

The  objects  had  in  view  by  the  members  were  the  forma- 
tion of  a  Home  Guard,  the  selection  of  a  relief  committee,  and 
holding  regular  meetings  for  military  drill  of  those  who  might 
join  as  recruiting  members. 

On  the  third  of  August  the  Light  Infantry  had  a  public 
reception  on  their  return  from  service  in  and  near  Washing- 
ton. The  Old  Infantry  Guards,  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  com- 
mander, united  in  giving  them  a  welcome,  and  Captain  Lin- 
coln presided  at  the  table.  The  speeches  at  that  reception  are 
briefly  sketched  in  a  former  chapter. 

From  this  date  there  is  occasional  mention  in  the  journals, 
of  the  Home  Guard,  without  specifying  whether  City  Guards 
or  Light  Infantry,  but  as  the  name  of  Colonel  Ivers  Phillips 
always  appears  in  the  connection,  the  inference  is  that  the 
Infantry  Home  Guard  is  the  one  intended.  The  funerals  of 
soldiers  were  generally  attended  by  the  Home  Guard,  und  er 
Colonel  Phillips,  previous  to  June,  1863.  So  far  as  appears, 
the  Old  City  Guards  made  no  public  appearance  until  the 
funeral  of  Colonel  George  H.  Ward,  when  they  attended  in  a 
body  under  C.  B.  Whiting. 

The  State  Guard. 
In  1863,  the  legislature  passed  an  act,  under  which  a  new 
company  was  formed  in  Worcester,  called  the  State  Guard, 
after  which  date  there  is  no  farther  mention  of  either  company 
of  Home  Guards  unless  of  their  disbanding.  On  the  twenty- 
sixth  of  May,  1863,  Governor  Andrew  issued  a  special  order 
which  reads  thus  : 

"  Allen  Harris,  Esq.,  and  one  hundred  and  one  others  of  Worcester, 
having  forwarded  to  the  adjutant-general  a  roll  of  enlistment  for  the  State 


432  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Guard  of  the  Commonwealth,  under  chapter  167,  Acts  of  1863,  it  is 
ordered  that  a  company  be  organized  of  the  men  thus  enHsted,  and  that  a 
captain  and  one  first  and  one  second  lieutenant  be  immediately  chosen. 
The  order  to  assemble  the  men  for  the  election  will  be  directed  to  Allen 
Harris  Esq.,  of  Worcester,  who  will  furnish  the  presiding  officer  with  an 
attested  copy  of  the  enlistment  roll,  previous  to  the  meeting.  The  usual 
ten  days  notice  to  electors  will  be  waived." 

The  usual  formalities  having  been  complied  with,  a  meeting 
was  held,  May  28,  when  Colonel  Ivers  Phillips  was  chosen 
captain.  Captain  Dana  H.  Fitch,  first  lieutenant,  and  John  R. 
Green,  second  lieutenant. 

Another  meeting  was  held  by  adjournment,  on  the  thirtieth 
of  May,  when  the  organization  was  completed  by  the  choice 
of  the  following  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians  and 
wagoner. 

John  Boyden,    First  Sergeant,              Thomas  Pierce,  Sergeant, 

Henry  Phelps,  Quarter-master  Ser-     Samuel  Houghton,  " 

geant,                          Joel  Davis,  " 

Healy  Baker,       Sergeant  and  Cle7'k,    John  S.  Clark,  Corporal, 

D.  L.  Tourtelott,    Corporal,                   Rufus  R.  Shepherd,  " 

Edward  Clark,              "                             Simeon  Clapp,  " 

J.  H.  Benchley,             "                            L.  L.  Mason,  ♦« 
John  Rice,  2d.,              " 

A.  G.  Walker,  J.  H.  Haven,  Musicians. 
Alfred  Parker,  Wagoner. 

Captain  Phillips  proposed  the  following  as  a  Board  of 
Trustees,  viz :  Allen  Harris,  William  Dickinson,  Isaac  Davis, 
John  D.  Baldwin,  Joseph  Pratt  ;  and  they  were  accepted  and 
adopted  by  the  company. 

Here  follows  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  who  signed  the 
original  agreement  "  to  be  enrolled  into  a  company  for  mili- 
tary service,"  dated  June  17,  1863. 

Ivers  Phillips,  Allen  Harris, 

Dana  H.  Fitch,  William  Dickinson, 

John  R.  Green,  Isaac  Davis, 

John  Boyden,  John  D.  Baldwin, 

Henry  Phelps,  Joseph  Pratt, 

Healy  Baker,  William  E.  Starr, 

Thomas  Peirce,  Putnam  W.  Taft, 

Samuel  Houghton,  William  B.  Taber, 

Joel  Davis,  John  Barnard, 


THE  GUARDS HOME  AND  STATE. 


433 


D.  C.  Tourtelott, 
Edward  Clark, 
J.  H.  Benchley, 
John  Rice,  2d, 
John  S.  Clark, 
Simeon  Clapp, 
R.  R.  Shepard, 
A.  L.  Mason, 

A.  G.  Walker, 
J.  H.  Haven, 
Alfred  Parker, 
Seba  Carpenter, 
James  A.  Whipple, 

E.  M.  Caulkins, 
William  C.  Clarke, 
William  H.  Towne, 
W^illiam  S.  Jenks, 
D.  W.  Jones, 
Alfred  Holden, 

C.  W.  Rice, 
David  Manning, 
James  Galloway, 
Hiram  French, 
Nathaniel  B.  Parkhurst, 
Lewis  A.  Rawson, 
Benjamin  Barber, 
Elliott  Swan, 
Alexander  Thayer, 
Courtland  Newton, 
L.  B.  Brigham, 
Daniel  Stratton, 
A.  L.  Burbank, 
F.  P.  Hutchins, 

A.  G.  Hinds, 
Samuel  W.  Kent, 
Edwin  Morse, 
Henry  A.  Denny, 
Joseph  Dennis, 
John  J.  Bigelow, 
Charles  Nason, 
George  C.  Taft, 
Josiah  G.  Perry, 
Jasper  Tucker, 
Samuel  Souther, 
Joseph  Boyden, 
Dexter  H.  Perry, 
Lemuel  Houghton, 
James  H.  Os2;ood, 
M.  V.  Warne'r, 
Charles  H.  Harvey, 

B.  F.  Nowell, 
E.  G.  Watkins. 


Simeon  Taylor, 
Moses  Spooner, 
Otis  Blood, 
Earl  Warner, 
J.  D.  Lovell, 
Silas  Bigelow, 
J.  E.  Wood, 
Samuel  Tourtellott, 
Ohver  W.  Claflin, 
E.  G.  Partridge, 
E.  B.  Crawford, 
T.  F.  Taft, 
Erastus  Fisher, 
Charles  L.  Knowlton, 
John  Goulding, 
Jonathan  Day, 
J.  B.  Lawrence, 
Jonathan  Carej', 
Simeon  Thompson, 
Calvin  Dyer, 
T.  P.  Wheelock, 
H.  P.  Nichols, 
Peter  Geno, 
Caleb  Dana, 
E.  E.  Abbott, 
T.  W.  Wellington, 
Henry  H.  Chamberlin, 
David  Gleason, 
W^illiam  P.  Daniels, 
H.  C.  Fisk, 
W.  Mecorney, 
S.  D.  Tourtellott, 
Charles  W.  Smith, 
John  Pollard, 
Albert  Curlif, 
T.  E.  St.John, 
E.  M.  Hosmer, 
Edwin  Harrington, 
Charles  Goodale, 
Aaron  Goodale, 
Nathaniel  R.  Parkhurst, 
Asa  M.  Allen, 
Walter  Bigelow, 
J  W.  Jordan, 
George  A.  Chamberlain, 
Henry  R.  Keith, 
Abraham  Fitts, 
Stephen  P.  Twiss, 
W.  Richmond, 
Charles  B.  Pratt, 
J.  H.  Samson. 


Other  gentlemen  became    members    from    time   to  time. 

28 


434  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Besides  these,  a  large  number  of  citizens  were  made  honorary 
members.  Most  of  the  clergymen  of  the  city,  and  many 
others  among  the  more  prominent  citizens,  were  in  this  list. 
The  disbanding  of  the  Home  Guards,  voluntarily,  on  the  six- 
teenth of  June,  left  the  field  to  the  State  Guard.  The  Hon. 
Levi  Lincoln  having  been  elected  an  honorary  member,  sig- 
nified his  appreciation  of  the  honor  by  the  following  letter, 
(bearing  date  August  ii,  1863),  addressed  to  Healy  Baker, 
Esq.,  clerk  of  the  company. 

"  Sir  :  —  I  am  most  deeply  and  gratefully  sensible  of  the  honor  con- 
ferred on  me,  by  the  Worcester  State  Guard,  in  electing  me  an  honorary 
member  of  that  patriotic  corps. 

Although  I  have  indeed,  long  since,  passed  the  age  of  military  enroll- 
ment, and  my  fourscore  years  give  me  more  than  the  law's  exemption 
from  military  service,  yet  I  recur  with  satisfaction  to  posts  of  former  duty, 
and  to  the  uniform  and  unequivocal  manifestation  of  respect  and  confi- 
dence which  I  have  been  permitted  heretofore  to  express  in  the  efficiency 
and  the  necessity  of  militia  organizations,  for  the  protection  and  safety  of 
the  republic. 

The  loyal  and  noble  spirit  which,  at  this  critical  moment  in  our  coun- 
try's history,  has  animated  a  body  of  gentlemen  of  the  highest  respect- 
ability, past  middle  life,  to  volunteer  their  personal  service  to  the  public 
defense  and  in  aid  of  the  civil  authorities  in  sustaining  the  laws  of  the 
state  and  the  nation,  commands  my  profound  admiration,  and  I  deem  it  a 
high  privilege  that  I  may,  even  nominally,  appear  upon  their  rolls.  The 
beautifully  executed  and  framed  certificate  of  membership  will  hang  in  my 
library,  where  it  will  be  regarded  by  me  as  alike  an  ornament  in  the  room, 
and  an  honor  to  my  name." 

The  most  frequent  duty  of  the  State  Guard  was  to  attend 
military  funerals,  either  in  full  ranks,  or  by  detachments. 
And  it  was  a  spectacle  always  viewed  with  a  kind  of  sacred 
interest,  when  the  Guard,  attended  by  the  venerable  Dea. 
Harris,  and  other  aged  members,  with  measured  tread,  and 
muffled  drum,  and  the  drapery  of  mourning,  escorted  the 
remains  of  our  young  heroes  to  the  grave.  It  seemed  as  if  the 
whole  city,  in  the  persons  of  those  respected  Guards  had  come 
forward  to  do  homage  to  the  fallen,  and  to  the  cause  for  which 
they  gave  their  lives.  Nor  were  these  sacred  offices  confined 
to   men  of  rank  as  officers  ;   they  were  rendered,   with  like 


THE    STATE    GUARD,  435 

respect,  to  the  obscurest  private  whose  death  had  been  enno- 
bled by  service  in  the  "  high  places  of  the  field."  At  times,  the 
calls  to  attend  military  funerals  were  frequent,  but  the  Guard 
were  ready  at  all  times  and  in  all  seasons, —  cold,  hot,  moist  or 
dry,  —  to  pay  the  last  tribute  to  the  patriotic  dead. 

Occasionally  they  were  called  to  more  agreeable,  though 
sterner  duty.  They  constituted  an  important  part  of  the 
force  on  which  the  civil  authorities  relied  to  preserve  order, 
while  the  military  force  was  at  the  seat  of  war.  In  ordinary 
times  the  police  are  sufficient  to  maintain  the  law,  it  being 
understood  that  there  is  a  military  organization  held  in  reserve. 
But  in  the  summer  of  1863,  when  some  were  disaffected  on 
account  of  the  "draft";  when  the  ranks  were  filling  with  sub- 
stitutes raked  out  of  the  haunts  of  rascaldom  ;  and  when 
bloody  and  barbarous  riots  in  New  York  excited  all  the  vile 
and  disloyal  in  other  cities  to  plot  deeds  of  darkness,  there  was 
a  felt  need  of  the  "  strong  arm  "  to  hold  the  unquiet  elements 
in  calmness.  At  such  a  time  the  State  Guard  of  Worcester 
were  found  to  be  the  right  men  in  the  right  place.  The  fol- 
lowing extracts  from  the  records  of  the  Guard  bearing  date 
July  18,  1863,  refer  to  this  subject.  In  compliance  with  a 
"  special  call  "  seventy-nine  members  met,  and  were  called  to 
order  by  Lieutenant  Fitch.  After  "arming  and  equipping 
themselves,"  and  being  "drilled  in  the  manual"  by  Sergeant 
Boyden,  sixteen  members  of  the  company  "were  severally 
detailed  by  Captain  Phillips,  to  perform  guard  duty  for  the 
provost  marshal,  and  by  him  sworn  to  the  faithful  perform- 
ance of  their  duty  to  the  United  States."  The  following  are 
the  names  of  the  members  detailed  for  this  service,  viz : 
Edward  Clark.  J.  H.  Benchley.  John  S.  Clark,  Simeon  Clapp, 
Erastus  Fisher,  O.  W.  Claflin,  William  S.  Jenks,  Alexander 
Strong,  Charles  Nason,  Seba  Carpenter,  E.  E.  Abbott,  E.  B. 
Crawford,  F.  P.  Hutchins,  E.  M.  Caulkins,  Andrew  Holden, 
and  David  Gleason. 

Many  of  the  recruits  were  roughs  who  came  from  the  larger 
cities,  and  enlisted  for  the  sake  of  the  pay  and  bounty,  with 
the  intention  of  deserting.     Some  of  the  villains  enlisted  and 


43^  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

deserted  repeatedly,  and  after  acquiring  a  large  sum  from  the 
government,  never  fired  a  shot  in  its  support.  They  were 
dangerous  men  to  have  in  the  streets,  and  they  were  restive 
under  restraint.  The  fact  that  a  large  number  of  such  were 
held  under  strict  guard,  and  kept  from  all  riot  and  license  in 
in  this  city,  is  greatly  to  the  honor  of  the  State  Guard. 

The  following  extract  from  the  record-book,  dated  July  24, 
1863,  illustrates  the  nature  of  the  duty  performed  by  the 
Guard. 

"  Captain  Phillips  ordered  the  clerk  personally  to  notify  the  members 
of  the  State  Guard,  No.  i,  to  assemble  forthwith  at  their  armory,  at 
City  Hall,  for  the  purpose  of  doing  guard  duty  at  the  City  Hall, 
at  Brinley  Hall,  and  at  the  provost  marshal's  office.  Sixty  mem- 
bers reported  for  duty  and  under  the  direction  of  the  provost  marshal 
were  kept  on  guard  duty  until  Monday  morning,  July  28,  when  the  com- 
pany were  ordered  to  escort  the  conscripts  or  drafted  men  to  Long 
Island,  in  Boston  Harbor.  The  Guard  performed  the  duty  by  going  as 
far  as  Boston,  where  another  company  met  us  and  took  charge  of  the  men. 
The  State  Guard  returned  to  Worcester,  and  were  discharged  from 
farther  duty." 

On  the  fifteenth  of  October  the  Guard  escorted  Gov. 
Andrew  and  the  council  from  the  railroad  station  to  the  Bay 
State  House. 

The  next  morning,  on  invitation  from  Governor  Gilmore,  of 
New  Hampshire,  the  Guard,  accompanied  by  the  Worcester 
Cornet  Band,  took  the  cars  for  Manchester,  New  Hampshire, 
where  they  were  received  by  the  Amoskeag  Veterans,  escorted 
to  their  armory,  and  made  welcome  to  their  hospitality. 
They  were  then  escorted  to  the  muster-field,  where  Governor 
Gilmore  made  a  brief  speech  of  reception,  welcoming  them  to 
the  state.  After  a  season  of  drill,  and  having  received  many 
marks  of  kindness  and  distinction,  the  company  returned 
safely  in  the  evening,  bringing  many  remembrances  of  a  day 
pleasantly  spent  in  New  Hampshire. 

At  a  meeting  held  on  the  fourth  of  January,  1 864,  the  Guard 
adopted  a  code  of  by-laws,  which  had  been  under  considera- 
tion for  several  weeks,  and  which  had  the  approval  of  Governor 
Andrew.  At  the  same  meeting  it  was  voted  to  organize  a 
drum  corps. 


THE    STATE    GUARD,  43/ 

The  State  Guard  to  the  number  of  eighty-four,  with  their 
ladies,  and  several  honorary  members,  in  all  about  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty-four  went  to  Fitchburg,  on  the  eleventh  of 
January,  and  took  dinner  at  the  Fitchburg  Hotel.  After 
enjoying  a  plentiful  repast,  addresses  were  made  by  Captain 
Phillips,  Rev.  Dr.  Hill,  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen,  Rev.  Mr.  Fay,  of 
Leominster,  Rev.  Mr.  Heard,  of  Fitchburg,  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John, 
and  Sergeant  John  Boyden.  The  company  returned,  by  rail, 
about  ten  o'clock,  p.m.,  having  passed  a  very  pleasant  day. 

Early  in  the  winter  of  1864,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Souther,  the 
minister  at  the  Mission  Chapel,  and  a  representative  in  the 
General  Court  in  the  sessions  of  1862  and  1863,  volunteered  as 
a  private,  and  made  his  arrangements  to  "go  to  the  front." 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Guard,  and  his  comrades 
evinced  their  high  appreciation  of  his  self-denying  patriotism. 
The  company,  with  their  ladies  met  at  the  City  Hall,  January 
15,  and  made  a  present  of  two  hundred  and  eight  dollars, 
(subscribed  by  themselves)  as  a  token  of  their  regard.  "The 
presentation,"  says  the  record,  "  was  made  by  Rev.  Mr,  St. 
John  in  a  very  feeling  and  patriotic  address,  and  accepted  by 
Mr.  Souther  in  a  speech  of  kindly  feeling  and  patriotic 
interest." 

On  the  twenty-first  of  January,  the  Guard  did  escort  duty  at 
the  reception  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment ;  and  on  the  first 
of  February,  performed  the  same  pleasing  service  at  the  recep- 
tion of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment. 

The  oldest  and  one  of  the  most  active  and  respected  mem- 
bers of  the  Guard,  was  Dea.  Allen  Harris.  He  always  felt 
a  deep  interest  in  the  company,  and  took  unwearied  pains  to 
perform  all  his  duties  according  to  military  rule.  It  was  fit- 
ting therefore,  when  he  was  called  to  a  higher  service  in  a 
world  where  the  "  wicked  cease  from  troubling  and  the  weary 
are  at  rest,"  that  the  surviving  members  should  take  special 
action  in  relation  to  his  decease.  The  funeral  services  were 
attended  on  the  sixth  of  February,  "  when  the  company,  in  full 
ranks,  proceeded  to  the  house  of  the  deceased,  where  the 
remains  were  received  and  escorted  to  the  Old  South  Church. 


438  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

There  the  funeral  ceremonies  were  performed,  after  which  the 
remains  were  removed  to  the  Rural  Cemetery,  where  a  volley 
was  fired  over  the  grave." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Guard,  held  on  the  twelfth  of  February, 
a  committee  previously  appointed  presented  the  following  res- 
olutions which  were  unanimously  adopted. 

"  Whereas,  Deacon  Allen  Harris,  the  first  man  to  write  his  name  upon 
the  volunteer  roll  of  the  State  Guard  of  Worcester,  and  the  oldest  active 
member  of  the  company,  who  since  the  formation  of  the  company  has 
performed  every  duty  zealously  and  well,  is  now  the  first  of  our  num- 
ber called  to  enter  that  higher  service  near  the  throne  of  the  soverign 
he  has  so  long  acknowledged  and  loved  ;  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  we  cherish  the  memory  of  Deacon  Allen  Harris,  as  a 
faithful  fellow-soldier,  a  useful  and  respected  citizen,  and  a  true  Christian. 

Resolved,  That  while  we  deeply  sympathize  with  the  afflicted  family, 
we  share  with  them  the  glorious  consolation  of  the  undoubting  confidence 
that  what  is  their  and  our  loss  is  his  infinite  gain. 

Resolved,  That  the  clerk  of  the  company  be  instructed  to  tender  a 
copy  of  the  preamble  and  resolutions  to  the  family  of  our  deceased  brother 
and  to  each  of  the  Worcester  papers  for  publication." 

The  services  of  the  Guard  were  in  frequent  requisition,  dur- 
ing this  season,  for  rendering  homage  to  the  patriots  who 
had  fallen  in  the  war.  In  the  first  half  of  the  month  of  June 
four  officers  who  had  distinguished  themselves  in  the  field, 
were  buried  under  the  escort  of  the  Guard.  These  were 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Green,  Major  Dexter  F.  Parker,  Captain 
Thomas  O'Neil,  and  Adjutant  McConville.  Almost  every 
week,  and  sometimes  oftener,  they  led  the  sad  procession  of 
mourners  through  the  streets  ;  and  not  seldom  went  to  neigh- 
boring towns  on  the  same  soldierly  duty.  This  would  have 
been  a  great  burden  to  any  except  those  who  loved  their  coun- 
try, and  took  pleasure  in  honoring  her  defenders. 

As  the  first  anniversary  of  the  corps,  under  the  charter 
which  authorized  the  organization  of  the  Worcester  State 
Guard,  drew  nigh,  arrangements  were  made  for  a  suitable  cel- 
ebration. This  took  place  on  the  seventeenth  of  June,  1864, 
when  the  company,  with  their  ladies,  honorary  members,  and 
invited  guests,  met  at  their  armory,  and  at  eleven  o'clock  took 


THE    STATE    GUARD.  439 

the  cars  for  Webster  Park,  where  the  day  was  spent  in  appro- 
priate festivities.  Goddard  and  Riedl's  band  were  in  atten- 
dance, and  furnished  excellent  music  for  the  occasion. 

The  first  duty  of  the  day,  after  reaching  the  speaker's  stand, 
was  the  presentation  of  a  flag  to  the  Guard,  from  the  ladies  of 
Worcester.  The  addresses  in  giving  and  receiving  the  colors 
contained  so  much  of  historical  fact  and  of  sound  sentiment, 
and  were  moreover  of  such  commendable  brevity,  that  they 
will  be  given  entire. 

The  Hon.  Ira  M.  Barton,  in  behalf  of  the  ladies,  made  the 
presentation  in  the  following  appropriate  remarks. 

"  Captain  Phillips,  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Worcester  State 
Guard  :  —  This  pleasant  morning,  and  on  this  first  anniversary  of  your 
organization,  surrounded  by  your  friends,  I  am  commissioned  by  the 
ladies  of  Worcester  to  perform  a  service,  I  trust,  acceptable  to  you,  as  it 
certainly  is  agreeable  to  me.  You  may  be  surprised  that  a  civilian  should 
be  invited  to  perform  this  service,  when  you  see  around  you  so  many  gen- 
tlemen of  military  distinction,  varying  from  the  brave  private  to  honored 
commanders. 

But  we  are  not  at  liberty,  (certainly  I  am  not)  to  call  in  question  the 
decision  of  the  ladies,  on  this  occasion.  For  whatever  superiority  of 
judgment  we  may  arrogate  to  ourselves,  in  matters  of  taste  and  senti- 
ment, the  ladies  are,  indeed,  our  better  part,  always  right,  while  we  are 
sometimes  wrong.  They  no  doubt,  regard  you  as  especially  the  soldiers 
of  peace  —  the  preservers  of  social  order.  And  in  that  view  perhaps  they 
do  well  to  invite  a  civilian  to  communicate  to  you  their  sentiments.  But 
you  would  insist  that  if  you  were  called  to  the  ensanguined  field  to  defend 
the  Commonwealth  or  the  Union,  you  are  still  soldiers  of  peace  ;  as  it  is 
difficult  to  conceive  of  any  legitimate  end  of  war,  but  the  production  of 
peace  and  the  security  of  liberty. 

I  said  that  you  had  conciliated  the  regards  of  woman  by  the  preserva- 
tion of  social  order,  in  which  she,  above  all  others,  is  interested.  I  may 
add,  I  think,  with  propriety,  that  such  regard  has  been  enhanced  by 
your  solemn  service  —  alas,  too  often  invoked  —  in  the  obsequies  of  our 
brave  and  honored  sons  that  have  fallen  to  save  the  life  of  their  country. 
The  sincerity  and  depth  of  that  gratitude  cannot  be  expressed  by  me,  but 
must  be  told  by  the  tears  of  surviving  wives,  mothers,  and  sisters. 

But,  sir,  you  and  your  comrades  may  have  sterner  work  to  perform. 
While  you  sustain  social  order  at  home,  your  sympathies  embrace  the 
whole  Union,  and  your  special  charge  is  to  see  that  this  Commonwealth 
receives  no  detriment.     At  present  there  is  here  no  impending  danger. 


440  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

But  constant  vigilance  is  said  to  be  the  price  of  liberty.  And  your  first 
year's  experience  has  demonstrated,  that  though  not  exposed  to  external 
aggression  from  the  enemies  of  our  Union,  yet  elements  of  danger  may 
again  be  imported  to  our  homes,  and  require  again  your  attention. 

We  have  not  forgotten,  and  I  dare  say  these  ladies  have  not  forgotten, 
the  events  of  last  July,  in  which  you  were  effective  actors.  Nearly  a  hun- 
dred desperadoes  from  the  commercial  metropolis  of  our  country,  found 
their  way  to  our  quiet  city,  some  under  the  name  oi  stcbstitutes,  and  others 
their  outside  abettors.  The  substitutes  were  quartered  in  one  of  our 
public  halls.  The  conspirators,  both  within  and  without  the  hall,  soon 
manifested  the  most  reckless  insubordination.  In  the  absence  of  the 
members  of  our  brave  volunteer  corps,  in  the  service  of  the  provost  mar- 
shal and  the  country,  the  city  government  very  properly  invoked  your  aid 
as  police  for  protection.  It  was  promptly  rendered.  For  successive 
nights  you  held  those  desperate  men,  somewhat  more  numerous  than  your 
own  brave  company,  either  within  the  walls  of  their  fragile  prison  or  in 
their  lurking  places  in  the  city.  But  how  transport  these  substitutes, 
surrounded  by  such  accompHces,  to  their  destination  in  Boston  Harbor  ? 
True  courage  and  good  judgment  solved  the  problem.  You  ordered  your 
guns  double-shotted,  with  bayonets  fixed,  and  then  very  properly  gave  notice 
that  the  first  symptoms  of  insubordination  would  meet  with  consequences 
they  could  not  misunderstand.  The  transit  was  made  to  Boston  with 
entire  security,  your  charge  was  delivered  to  the  proper  authorities  there  ; 
and  as  you  formed  on  your  return  to  the  depot  for  home,  a  murmur 
of  applause  ran  through  the  dense  crowd  of  bystanders,  with  the  remark 
that  '  those  fellows  are  not  to  be  trifled  with.'  And  if  these  ladies  had 
been  inclined  to  seek  a  motto  for  their  flag  other  than  the  true  and  brave 
ones  of  our  State  and  Union,  they  might  well  have  placed  upon  the  flag 
of  your  company,  '  We  are  not  to  be  trifled  with.' 

Sir,  we  are  instructed,  upon  high  authority,  that  there  is  an  economy 
that  tendeth  to  poverty.  I  believe  it  to  be  equally  true  that  there  is  a 
Inimanity  (falsely  so  called)  that  tendeth  to  cruelty,  and  events  in  New 
York  and  Boston,  nearly  cotemporaneous  with  that  to  which  I  have 
referred  in  our  own  city,  and  deserving  long  to  be  remembered  by  the 
public,  go  far  to  justify  the  assertion. 

Companions,  while  the  laws  of  age  and  of  the  land  exempt  us  from  active 
service  on  the  great  fields  of  contest  for  the  Union,  grave  duties  are 
devolved  upon  us  at  home.  Those  of  police  have  been  adverted  to. 
Others  no  less  grave  and  important  are  to  be  performed.  To  relieve  our 
sons  from  home  service,  and  to  sustain  them  in  their  terrific  confiict  for 
liberty  and  law.  At  the  commencement  of  this  conflict,  we  had  our 
Light  Infantry,  our  City  Guards,  and  our  Emmet  Guards,  —  all  military 
organizations  honored  and  effective.  The  organizations  remain  ;  but 
where  are  the  men  ?    Ask  the  great  battle-fields  of  the  rebellion,  and  they 


THE    STATE     GUARD.  44I 

return  an  answer  that  fills  us  with  a  strange  conflict  of  the  passions  of 
grief  and  pride.  Inquire  reverently  of  the  spirits  of  Ward,  of  Parker,  of 
O'Neil,  of  McConville,  of  Spurr,  of  Gird  ;  of  that  '■par  nobile  fratruiit,^  the 
Bacons,  and  of  many  others.  Alas,  they  will  wake  no  response  ;  you 
must  interpret  their  answer  by  the  report  of  their  valor,  or  by  your  own 
observations  at  their  obsequies.  But  though  gone,  they  have  left  cherished 
memories,  and  an  earnest  of  the  life  and  prosperity  of  the  republic.  The 
body  pohtic  embracing  such  spirits  can  never  die. 

Mr.  Commander  and  Gentlemen  :  —  Other  duties  press  upon  us  on 
this  occasion.  Besides,  good  taste  in  military  elocution  forbids  long 
speeches.  Napoleon,  the  great  master  in  that  department  of  rhetoric, 
never  consumed  more  than  five  or  ten  minutes.  I  have  not  attempted  his 
eloquence,  but  will  imitate  his  brevity,  by  executing,  at  once,  the  command 
imposed  upon  me  by  these  ladies. 

In  their  behalf  I  present  to  you  and  your  command,  this  beautiful  flag, 
bearing  the  emblems  of  our  city,  state,  and  Union.  The  preservation  of 
its  purity  and  honor  is  committed  to  the  care  of  your  tried  patriotism,  as  a 
grateful  recognition,  not  an  adequate  reward,  of  your  valuable  services  in 
this  community. 

And  I  venture,  sir,  to  add  what  may  be  more  substantial,  but  not  more 
acceptable  than  the  approbation  of  the  ladies,  the  assurance  of  the  confi- 
dence and  co-operation  of  all  your  fellow-citizens." 

Captain  Phillips  then  received  the  flag,  thanking  the  ladies 
for  their  beautiful  present,  and  Judge  Barton  for  the  accept- 
able manner  of  its  presentation  ;  he  then  gave  it  to  Sergeant 
Boyden,  saying,  "  I  entrust  it  to  your  care,  charging  you  to 
preserve  it  in  its  purity,  and  bear  it  in  all  places  of  honor." 

Mr.  John  Boyden,  sergeant,  on  receiving  the  flag  from  the 
commander,  made  a  fitting  response.  After  giving  a  succinct 
history  of  the  Guard  during  its  first  year,  he  concluded  as  fol- 
lows : —  "  We  receive  it  as  d.  fricndsJiip  offering,  not  with  slight 
and  passing  meaning,  but  to  be  cherished,  reverenced,  and  if 
need  be,  protected.  And  when  in  future  years  it  may  be 
looked  upon  as  a  memento  of  the  awards  of  this  day,  let  not  a 
star  be  dimmed  from  its  folds,  nor  a  traitor  ga.zQ  upon  its  view. 
And  now,  officers  and  men  of  the  Guard,  let  us  remember  that 
to  us  '  'tis  given  to  protect  this  banner  of  the  free,'  be  tlTat 
duty  what  it  may  ;  and  in  appreciation  of  this  beautiful,  and  in 
these  days  I  might  almost  say  sacred  gift,  let  us  here,  each  and 
all,  in  presence  of  the  donors,  our  guests,  honorary  members 


442  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  friends,  consecrate  ourselves  anew,  to  a  luilling,  earnest, 
FAITHFUL  performance  of  all  duty  enjoined  upon  us.  Hoping 
that  in  God's  own  wise  time  the  day  soon  will  come  when  in 
evoy  part  of  this  land, 

'  Our  banner  victorious  shall  wave, 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave  ! ' " 

The  band  then  struck  up  "The  Star-Spangled  Banner," 
with  thrilling  effect,  and  the  company  gave  nine  rousing 
c'heers  for  the  donors,  the  gift,  and  the  guests.  Captain 
Phillips  then  invited  the  company,  with  their  guests,  to  par- 
take of  the  collation  which  was  spread  in  the  "  open  hall  which 
had  been  erected  "  in  Webster  Park.  The  arrangements  were 
ample,  the  collation  was  abundant  and  choice,  and  the  party 
was  in  a  high  state  of  enjoyment. 

Captain  Phillips  next  introduced  the  intellectual  part  of  the 
entertainment,  by  reciting  briefly  the  history  of  the  military 
of  Worcester,  and  the  place  which  the  Guard  filled  when  other 
military  organizations  were  "at  the  front."  He  said  that 
"  this  city  was  one  of  the  few  places  where  the  old  militia 
organization  of  independent  companies  was  sustained,  and  con- 
sequently our  city  was  able  to  make  an  early  response  to  the 
first  call  for  troops  on  the  outbreak  of  the  rebellion.  The 
companies,  one  after  another,  volunteered  in  their  country's 
service,  till  our  city  was  destitute  of  military  organizations." 
Then  it  was  that  a  number  of  citizens,  exempt  from  mihtary 
duty,  formed  a  "  Home  Guard."  Their  petition  for  a  charter 
led  to  the  passing  of  a  law  authorizing  the  organization  of  men 
over  forty-five  years  of  age,  into  companies  for  duty  in  the 
state,  "  as  an  efiective  military  organization,  relieving  our 
young  men  so  that  they  could  go  to  the  front,  and  join  the 
armies  of  the  Union  in  the  war  for  the  old  flag."  The  Wor- 
cester State  Guard  was  the  first  company  formed  under  this 
act,  and  perhaps  it  was  not  surpassed  by  any  other  in  patriotic 
spirit  and  efficiency.  Said  the  commander,  "  We  believe  it  to 
be  the  duty  of  all  who  can  bear  arms,  to  learn  to  do  so,  and  we 
have  endeavored  to  prepare  ourselves  for  any  contingency  in 


THE    STATE     GUARD.  443 

which  our  services  may  be  needed."  He  then  proposed  a  sen- 
timent in  honor  of  Governor  Andrew.  In  the  governor's 
absence,  Colonel  Wetherell,  of  the  staff,  responded,  assuring 
the  Guard  that  they  were  held  in  honor  by  His  Excellency,  for 
the  part  they  had  recently  borne  in  suppressing  the  turbulence 
of  the  substitutes,  and  for  ofiering  to  engage  in  garrisoning 
the  forts  of  the  state  for  a  hundred  days.  He  thanked  them, 
in  behalf  of  the  governor,  and  congratulated  them  on  their 
efficiency.  Other  addresses,  short,  pithy  and  appropriate, 
were  made  by  Hon.  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  mayor  of  the  city ; 
Colonel  A.  J.  Wright,  of  Boston,  captain  of  the  "  Third  Com- 
pany of  the  State  Guard  of  Massachusetts,"  Hon.  Isaac  Davis, 
Rev.  Dr.  Hill,  and  Rev.  Messrs.  Richardson,  Walker,  Barnard 
and  Shippen. 

Poetry  as  well  as  eloquence  is  in  demand  on  such  occasions. 
The  Hon.  Henry  Chapin  was  called  on  to  supply  this  part  of 
the  entertainment.  The  report  says  that  "with  his  usual 
sedateness  of  manner,  incident  to  the  melancholy  business  of 
his  official  position,"  he  read  the  following  poem. 

"  As  time  is  floating  us  along, 
Its  varied  fortunes  bringing, 
We  oft  recall  this  good  old  song. 
Which  thrilled  us  in  the  singing: 

'  Father  and  I  went  down  to  camp, 
Along  with  Captain  Gooden ; 
There  we  saw  the  girls  and  boys 
As  thick  as  hasty  pudding. 

Fire  ribbons  in  their  hats, 
They  looked  so  tearing  fine,  O, 
I  wish  I  had  just  such  a  one 
To  give  to  my  Jemima,  O.' 

So  day  by  day  our  eyes  have  seen, 

In  sun,  in  snow,  or  raining, 

When  streets  were  swept,  or  all  unclean, 

These  sturdy  guardsmen  training. 

We've  seen  them  in  our  north-east  storms, 
Blue  coats  and  other  fittings 
All  buttoned  round  their  stately  forms, 
As  close  as  new-made  mittens. 


/[y\/[  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

We've  seen  them  march  so  stout  and  stern, 
We  couldn't  help  but  wonder, 
If  they  could  e'er  be  made  to  turn 
By  mud,  or  blood,  or  thunder. 

The  maiden  casts  her  clear  blue  eye 
On  some  white-livered  flunkey, 
And  whispers  as  the  Guards  pass  by, 
'  Would  you  were  half  as  spunky.' 

No  soldiers  walk  our  crowded  street 
Of  whom  we  all  are  prouder  ; 
No  war-worn  veterans  we  meet 
Of  whom  the  praise  is  louder. 

We  know  if  time  had  not  put  through 
His  five-and-forty  fiat, 
These  men  would  be  in  Richmond  too, 
Or  marching  mighty  nigh  it. 

They  gather  quickly,  one  and  all, 
The  wind  and  storm  unheeding, 
Whene'er  they  hear  their  country's  call. 
Or  stricken  hearts  are  bleeding. 

They  stand  between  our  homes  and  harm. 
They  guard  our  youth  and  beauty  ; 
Each  man  would  lose  his  own  right  arm 
In  brave  and  earnest  duty. 

And  now  upon  this  festal  day, 
While  birds  are  sweetly  singing. 
They  gather  in  this  joyful  way. 
Their  heartfelt  tributes  bringing. 

They  revel  in  these  social  joys 

As  hungry  as  creation  ; 

'Tis  wondrous  how  these  white-haired  boys 

Pitch  into  a  collation. 

If  they  would  only  fight  as  well 
I  shouldn't  care  to  meet  'em  ; 
A  thousand  rebels  fresh  from  h-11 
Couldn't  begin  to  beat  'em. 

We  pledge  them  this  bright  afternoon 
With  neither  wine  nor  brandy  — 
But  hark  !  I  guess  you'll  hear  the  tune, 
*  Yankee  doodle  dandy.'  " 


THE    STATE    GUARD.  445 

This  production  was  received  with  applause,  and  the  band, 
taking  the  hint,  gave  the  old  favorite  with  spirit. 

While  the  war  lasted  the  Guard  continued  to  be  the  organ- 
ized force  which  the  city  held  in  reserve  in  case  of  need  ;  but 
happily  no  occasion  occurred  again  for  the  display  of  military 
strength.  But  during  the  war,  the  company  performed  escort 
duty  when  the  remains  of  soldiers  were  buried,  and  when  regi- 
ments came  on  furlough,  or  at  the  expiration  of  their  term  of 
service.  The  Guard  held  an  honored  position  in  the  proces- 
sion when  the  city  joined  the  nation  in  doing  funeral  honors 
to  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  also  when  the  whole  population  joy- 
fully celebrated  the  return  of  peace,  the  overthrow  of  slavery, 
and  the  restoration  of  national  authority  wherever  the  Union 
flag  had  ever  floated  in  the  breezes  of  heaven. 

At  a  regular  meeting  held  July  8,  1864,  action  was  taken 
"  pertaining  to  the  assistance  of  the  family  of  Rev.  Samuel 
Souther,  late  member  of  the  company,  and  of  the  Fifty- 
seventh  Regiment,  Massachusetts  Volunteers.  On  motion  of 
Lee  Sprague,  that  a  subscription  paper  be  started  for  that 
purpose, 

"  Voted,  That  the  commissioned  officers,  on  the  part  of  the  active  mem- 
bers, and  Lee  Sprague  and  George  Sessions  on  the  part  of  the  honorary 
members,  be  a  committee  to  sohcit  subscriptions. 

Voted,  That  the  trustees  receive  the  amount  obtained,  and  disburse 
the  same  in  accordance  witli  the  preamble  of  the  subscription  paper." 

The  members  of  the  Guard  could  not  perform  the  sad  duty 
of  escorting  Mr.  Souther's  remains  to  the  grave,  for  he  fell  in 
the  "  Wilderness,"  and  no  man"knoweth  of  his  sepulchre  to 
this  day."  But  they  could  show  their  regard  for  the  departed, 
by  kindness  to  the  living,  who  were  dear  to  him.  If  the  pecun- 
iary value  of  the  time  which  the  Guard  gave  up  to  public 
funerals,  and  other  services,  in  addition  to  their  contributions 
in  money,  could  be  computed,  it  would  show  that  the  members 
were  unsurpassed  in  liberality  by  any  class  of  their  fellow  cit- 
izens. But  as  these  occasions  were  similar,  the  one  to  the 
other,  in  their  main  features,  they  need  not  be  recorded  at 
length.     It  is  enough  to  say,  that  the  Guard  were  never  want- 


446  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

ing  when  called  upon  to  pay  respect  to  the  memory  of  those 
who  had  fallen  in  the  public  service. 

One  or  two  festive  occasions  demand  a  page  before  closing. 
On  the  twentieth  of  January,  1865,  while  the  company  were 
deliberating  in  regard  to  an  excursion  or  celebration  of  some 
kind,  they  were  invited,  with  the  honorary  members,  and  their 
ladies,  by  the  commander,  Captain  Phillips,  to  meet  at  his  res- 
idence. About  two  hundred  and  fifty  guests  partook  of  the 
hospitalities  of  the  occasion,  and  spent  the  evening  most  agree- 
ably. The  choir  of  the  Church  of  the  Unity  were  present, 
and  added  the  charm  of  song  to  the  entertainment.  An  ele- 
gant collation  was  provided,  and  everything  was  done  to  pro- 
mote the  enjoyment  of  the  guests. 

Arrangements  having  been  made,  the  active  and  honorary 
members  of  the  State  Guard,  with  their  ladies,  made  an  excur- 
sion to  Springfield,  on  the  seventh  of  February.  More  than 
four  hundred  persons  were  in  the  party,  which  proceeded  by 
special  train.  They  were  received  by  the  city  government  of 
Springfield,  on  their  arrival,  which  was  announced  by  booming 
cannon.  Sleighs  were  provided  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
ladies,  and  a  band  of  music  led  the  procession  through  the 
streets,  to  the  United  States  Armory,  where  two  hours  were 
spent  in  looking  over  the  machinery,  and  the  immense  maga- 
zine of  arms. 

In  due  time  dinner  was  ready  in  City  Hall,  when  a  large 
delegation  of  citizens  of  Springfield  joined  the  party  from 
Worcester.  The  dinner  being  concluded,  Captain  Phillips 
made  a  brief  address,  stating  how  a  private  party  had  been 
changed,  by  the  liberality  of  the  superintendent  of  the  rail- 
road, Mr.  Gray,  and  the  kindness  of  Springfield  friends,  into  a 
grand  reception.  He  referred  to  the  fact  that  military  organ- 
izations had  been  kept  up  in  Worcester,  when  they  had  ceased 
to  exist  in  many  places.  It  was  owing  to  this  fact  that  Wor- 
cester was  ready,  at  a  moment's  notice,  to  rush  to  the  defence 
of  the  national  capital  when  it  was  in  danger.  He  said  that 
since  the  war  broke  out,  every  active  military  organization  in 
the  city  had  gone  into  actual  service,  and  that,  as  a  conse- 


THE     STATE     GUARD.  44^ 

qiience,  the  Guard  was  the  only  legal  military  company  in  the 
county  of  Worcester.  After  enforcing  the  duty  of  every  able- 
bodied  man  to  be  able  to  bear  and  handle  arms,  he  closed  by 
thanking  the  authorities  of  Springfield  for  their  courtesies,  and 
assuring  them  that  their  kindness  was  appreciated,  and  would 
be  reciprocated  on  a  fitting  occasion. 

Lively  speeches  followed  from  Mayor  Briggs,  ex-Mayor 
Harris,  Hon.  George  Walker,  and  Sheriff  Bush,  all  of  Spring- 
field ;  and  Mayor  Ball,  ex-Mayor  W.  W.  Rice,  Samuel  Hath- 
away, Esq.,  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen,  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John,  and  H.  H. 
Chamberlain,  of  Worcester.  The  sentiment  proposed  by 
Sherifi^Bush  reads  as  follows  : — "The  State  Guard  of  Worces- 
ter—  perfect  in  their  skill,  perfect  in  their  drill,  and  all  gen- 
tlemen of  the  first  water." 

The  following  letter  from  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  then  speaker 
of  the  House,  was  read  by  Mr.  Rice.  As  it  elegantly 
expresses  sentiments  of  permanent  interest  and  value,  it  is 
copied  entire. 

"  Boston,  February  6,  1865. 
My  Dear  Sir  :  —  My  official  engagements  here  restrain  me  from 
uniting  with  the  State  Guard  in  making  their  excursion  to  Springfield 
to-morrow.  I  regret  this  for  many  reasons,  not  the  least  of  which  is  my 
desire  to  join  you  in  testifying  to  the  cordiality  and  courtesy  of  the  officers 
of  the  Western  Railroad  Corporation,  and  of  the  city  of  Springfield,  in  their 
generous  proffer  of  hospitality.  I  am  sure  that  your  corps  will  appreciate 
this,  as  I  do. 

The  cities  of  Worcester  and  Springfield  represent  Massachusetts  west 
of  her  capital ;  not  they  alone,  of  course,  but  perhaps  they  especially,  — 
the  one  representing  the  large  interior  county  of  the  state  and  the  other 
the  valley  of  the  queenly  Connecticut,  and  much  that  lies  beyond  it.  They 
have  an  individual  and  representative  identity,  distinct  in  some  measure 
from  that  of  the  seaboard.  Their  citizenship  and  patriotism  is  not  dis- 
tinct or  special,  as  compared  with  the  easterly  portions  of  the  state  ;  but 
their  life,  their  rural  surroundings,  their  extended  connections  with  the 
farms  and  workshops  of  the  country,  make  them  in  some  respects  differ- 
ent from  the  other  parts  of  the  state  to  which  I  have  referred.  I  like  to 
see  them  hospitable  to  each  other,  and  in  the  best  of  fellowship.  There  is 
every  reason  why  they  should  be  so,  and  no  reason  at  all  why  they  should 
not  be. 

It  is  therefore  a  source  of  positive  regret  to  me  that  I  cannot  march 


440  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

with  you  to  the  City  Hall  of  Springfield,  and  there  express  my  apprecia- 
tion of  the  hospitality  which  welcomes  you  to  the  beauty  of  her  streets, 
and  to  the  hearts  of  her  citizens.  I  must  ask  you  to  do  this  for  me  at  the 
same  time  that  you  will  do  it  for  yourself  and  those  whom  you  command, 
and  those  who  accompany  you  there. 

Springfield  and  Worcester  have  stood  side  by  side  through  this  great 
common  struggle.  Their  sacrifices,  their  contributions,  their  griefs  in  the 
cause  of  all,  have  been  one  and  the  same.  The  heart  of  the  Common- 
wealth beats  one  incessant  throb  for  a  free  republic,  the  noble  Connecti- 
cut bears  on  its  majestic  flow  to  the  world  a  like  testimony  from  our  neigh- 
bors of  the  valley.  Heaven  give  us  alike  the  patience,  the  endurance,  and 
the  strength  to  wait  on  Justice  and  Freedom  to  their  final  triumph  !  Let 
me  give  you  a  sentiment : 

The  cities  of  Springfield  and  Worcester  —  united  in  their  destiny,  they 
cannot  be  separated  in  their  life." 

Captain  Phillips  having  retired  from  the  command,  an 
election  was  held,  May  30,  1865,  by  authority  of  the  comman- 
der in  chief,  when  Lieutenant  Dana  H.  Fitch  was  chosen 
captain.  At  the  same  time,  John  R.  Greene  was  chosen 
first  lieutenant,  and  Healy  Baker,  second  lieutenant. 

Attending  the  funerals  of  soldiers,  escorting  returning  regi- 
ments, shooting  at  target  for  prizes,  and  occasional  excursions 
or  receptions,  varied  the  experience  of  the  Guard,  from  month 
to  month  ;  but  these  events  do  not  belong  to  history.  Two 
or  three  occasions  however  deserve  notice,  occurring  as  they 
did,  near  the  close  of  the  war. 

There  was  a  flag-raising  on  Grant  Square,  on  the  afternoon 
of  July  I,  1865,  at  which  the  Guard  were  present.  That  lofty 
elevation  had  been  crowned  with  a  splendid  flag-staff,  and  at 
the  appointed  time,  the  flag  was  hoisted,  and  was  hailed  with 
a  national  salute.  After  speeches  and  songs,  the  company 
were  invited  to  the  house  of  Mr.  T.  W.  Wellington,  and 
treated  to  an  elegant  collation. 

The  same  evening  the  Guard  met  at  City  Hall,  and 
marched  thence  to  the  house  of  Mr.  C.  S.  Messenger,  where 
the  members  were  presented  to  Admiral  Farragut.  After 
paying  their  respects  to  the  hero  of  many  sea-fights  and 
victories,  the  company  partook  of  an  elegant  supper,  tendered 
by  the  hospitality  of  Mr.  Messenger. 


THE     STATE    GUARD. 


449 


On  the  fourth  of  July,  the  State  Guard  had  their  place  in 
the  grand  procession,  of  which  an  account  is  given  in  a 
former  chapter.  This  great  celebration  combined  the  usual 
interest  which  belongs  to  the  birthday  of  our  nation,  with  the 
not  less  thrilling  interest  which  pertained  to  the  triumphant 
overthrow  of  the  rebellion.  The  people  of  Worcester,  on 
that  occasion,  honored  the  heroism  of  their  fathers  and  of 
their  sons,  and  gave  thanks  to  God  for  the  success  which  he 
had  given  to  our  arms,  in  the  days  when  the  nation  was 
struggling  into  life,  and  also  when  it  heroically  refused 
to  die. 

By  the  repeal  of  the  act  in  1866,  under  which  the  State 
Guard  was  organized,  its  legal  existence  was  closed.  The 
members,  however,  clung  to  the  organization,  and  petitioned 
for  a  new  charter.  This  was  granted  by  the  legislature,  in 
the  spring  of  1867,  and  the  company  has  had  a  flourishing 
existence  to  the  present  time.  The  organization  was  com- 
pleted by  the  choice  of  Colonel  I  vers  Phillips  as  captain,  and 
of  Healy  Baker  and  Charles  H.  Harvey,  as  heutenants. 

Subsequently  the  Guards  were  organized  as  a  battalion  in 
two  companies.  Company  A  consists  of  the  older  members, 
and  company  B,  of  younger  men. 

The  roster  of  the  State  Guard  was  as  follows  in  the  spring 
of  the  present  year,  1870. 

S.  V.  Stone, 

J.  N.  Bates,  m.d., 

Rev.  R.  B.  Stratton, 

]\Iajor  M.  S.  McConville, 

Lieutenant  Charles  H.  Cleveland, 

Captain  A.  H.  Ward, 


Dana  K.  Fitch, 

John  R.  Greene, 
Charles  H.  Harvey, 
Jalaam  Gates, 

George  E.  Barton, 
E.  F.  Harrington, 


Co.  A. 


Co.  B. 


Major, 

Surgeon, 

Chaplain, 

Adjuta7it, 

Qiiarter-7nasfer, 

Sergeant- Major, 

Quarter-master  Sergeant, 


Captain, 

First  Lieutenant, 

Second  " 

Captain, 

First  Lieutenant, 

Second        " 


29 


450  WORCESTER   IN   THE   WAR. 


CHAPTER     XXI. 

BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES.  — SOLDIERS'    FUNERALS.  — RESOLU- 
TIONS   OF   CONDOLENCE. 

In  this  chapter  will  be  gathered  all  that  is  accessible  rela- 
ting to  the  personal  history  and  exploits  of  those  who  repre- 
sented Worcester  in  the  war  of  union  and  freedom,  and  who 
fell  in  the  service  of  their  country,  or  in  consequence  of  expo- 
sure and  wounds  while  in  the  field.  Notices  of  officers  and 
men  will  be  mingled  indiscriminately,  somewhat  in  the  order 
of  time,  but  with  no  regard  to  rank  or  condition,  since  the 
cause  they  died  for  made  them  all  brothers  ;  and  at  the  grave 
"  the  rich  and  poor  meet  together  ;  the  Lord  is  the  maker  of 
them  all." 

The  following  poem,  written  by  a  well-known  citizen  of 
Worcester,  here  finds  its  appropriate  place. 

MY  SOLDIER  BOY. 

BY  CLARK  JILLSON. 

While  the  sun  with  mellow  crimson 

Tints  the  border  of  the  skies, 
And  along  the  level  meadow, 

Bright  with  summer's  changing  dyes, 
Dark  lines  lengthen  to  the  eastward, 

From  the  fast  receding  day, 
Just  retiring  o'er  the  mountains. 

With  its  trailing  robes  of  gray, 
I  am  sitting  by  my  window 

In  the  evening's  dreamy  haze. 
O'er  the  past  in  silence  musing, 

And  recalling  other  days ; 
But  across  this  twilight  vision 

Is  a  darker  shadow  flung. 
Deepened  by  the  voice  of  mourning 

For  my  loved  one,  brave  and  young. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES,  45  I 

On  the  stormy  field  of  battle, 

Where  the  hosts  had  met  to  die, 
There  amid  the  dreadful  carnage 

Stood  the  boy  for  whom  I  sigh, 
And,  beneath  his  country's  banner, 

Fighting  for  a  Nation's  life. 
With  his  keen  eye  on  the  foeman, 

fell  and  perished  in  the  strife. 
Since  that  hour  my  longing  spirit 

Waits  to  feel  the  coming  joy, 
When  the  veil  shall  be  uplifted, 

And  I  meet  my  soldier  boy, — 
Meet  him  in  those  realms  elysian. 

All  his  armor  cast  aside. 
Where  no  din  of  strife  can  enter, 

Where  no  cruel  wars  betide. 

On  the  last  Sabbath  of  the  year  1865,  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson 
preached  a  "memorial  sermon,"  in  honor  of  those  who  had 
fallen  in  the  war.  He  stated  that  one  hundred  and  ten  of  his 
congregation  had  been  in  the  service,  of  whom  twenty-two 
were  already  dead.  He  then  passed  on  to  consider  the  results 
of  the  sacrifice.  His  text  was  Heb.  11:  4.  "  And  by  it  he 
being  dead,  yet  speaketh."  Parts  of  the  discourse  are  of  gen- 
eral interest,  and  appropriately  introduce  these  biographical 
notices. 

"  Under  the  lead  of  this  sentiment  of  the  text,  I  call  attention  to  the 
voice  of  the  dead  who  have  died  for  their  country.  . ..  .  Such  then  is  the 
price  which  the  families  connected  with  this  congregation  have  paid  to  pre- 
serve the  integrity  and  freedom  of  the  republic.  It  is  -A-great  price,  —  not  to 
be  expressed  in  words.  Multiply  it  by  fifteen  thousand,  and  you  have  the 
whole  number  of  men,  the  young,  the  strong,  the  brave,  —  who  have  died 
for  their  country.  A  most  costly  sacrifice  !  What  fair  prospects  of  life 
have  been  blighted  !  What  tides  of  grief  have  surged  over  the  land  !  .  .  . 
Their  country  called,  and  they  answered  with  their  lives.  They  knew 
not ;  none  knew,  at  first,  the  bitterness  of  the  contest.  Enough  that  the 
traitor's  blow  was  aimed  at  the  nation's  life. 

For  us,  as  for  themselves,  they  stood  in  the  deadly  breach  ;  and  it  is  a 
most  grateful  duty  to  honor  their  memory  and  the  memory  of  all  living  or 
dead,  who  periled  their  lives  for  the  salvation  of  the  Republic.  Forever 
green  the  graves  of  the  fallen  !  History  and  song  shall  perpetuate  their 
deeds  ;  monuments  shall  rise  over  their  sleeping  dust ;  and  the  lessons  of 
their  patriotic  sacrifice  shall  inspire  the  hearts  of  future  generations. 
Though   dead,  they  will  speak,  for   death  in  such  a  cause  shall  be  life 


452  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

to  the  world.  No  good  deed  ever  dies;  but  such  a  protracted  and  glo- 
riously successful  struggle  shall  be  as  a  flaming  banner  to  all  nations. 

It  is  in  such  thoughts  that  we  find  compensation  for  the  loss,  and  sup- 
port under  the  sorrow  of  the  nation. 

Was  ever  a  war  so  perfect  in  its  work  ?  It  ended  as  suddenly  as  it 
began  ;  but  when  it  ended,  it  left  rebellion  crushed,  and  its  land  a  desola- 
tion. And  not  a  slave,  —  not  a  slave  in  all  those  states  that  fought  to 
perpetuate  their  pet  institution  !  Glory  be  to  God  !  Eternal  honor  to  the 
men,  the  instruments  of  his  righteous  vengeance  ! 

The  dead  of  this  war  will  live.  Such  deeds  can  never  die.  Such  a 
sacrifice  will  speak  to  future  ages.  They  were  cut  off  in  the  midst  of  their 
years  ;  most  of  them  in  the  bloom  of  youth.  Let  those  who  mourn  for 
husbands,  and  sons,  and  brothers,  cherish  the  consolation  that  their  death 
was  not  in  vain.  They  laid  down  their  lives  in  a  great  cause.  There 
could  be  no  greater.  Bring  flowers  to  their  graves  !  Brighter  and 
brighter  their  memory  shall  glow,  as  we,  and  our  posterity,  —  the  free- 
born  millions  of  the  Republic,  —  and  the  lovers  of  liberty  the  world  over, 
shall  ponder  the  story  of  their  daring  and  endurance,  and  contemplate  the 
results  so  beneficent  to  humanity,  and  so  honorable  to  themselves. 

Our  children  and  our  children's  children,  will  read  with  moistened  eyes, 
the  story  of  the  rebellion  ;  and  with  wonder  and  admiration  dwell  upon 
the  sublime  sacrifice,  and  deeds  of  heroism,  and  martyr-endurance  of  that 
peace-loving  host,  who,  to  save  their  country,  periled  their  lives.  Though 
dead  they  will  speak  ;  —  a  voice  that  never  dies.  No  length  of  years  ;  no 
life  of  ease  ;  nor  wealth,  nor  station,  could  have  given  such  interest  or 
value  to  their  lives,  as  this  one  offering  upon  the  altar  of  liberty. 

Weep  for  your  loved  ones  slain,  but  let  your  grief  be  mingled  with  joy 
that  they  died  in  such  a  cause,  and  that  their  works  do  follow  them. 
Richer  moral  harvests  shall  be  gathered  from  the  soil  nurtured  by  their 
blood.     So  has  it  been  from  Abel  down  through  the  ages." 

Amos  H.  Gilbert. 
The  first  victim,  among  the  soldiers  from  Worcester,  who 
died  in  the  war  against  the  rebelHon,  was  the  young  man 
named  above.  He  took  the  lead  in  the  long  procession  to  the 
silent  land.  His  name  is  among  those  who  volunteered  in  the 
Guards  when  the  news  came  of  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter. 
He  belonged  to  company  A,  Third  Battalion  Riflemen,  and 
was  twenty-two  years  of  age  when  mustered  into  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  May  19,  1861.  He  died  of  disease  at 
Fort  McH^enry,  on  the  succeeding  fourth  of  July.  The  news 
of  the  first  death,  among  our  soldiers,  produced  a  peculiar  sen- 


FRANKAVELLINGTO-N 


OEOWELllNCTON 


WH.Forbes&:Co 


JOHN    WILLIAM    GROUT.  453 

sation,  suggestive  as  it  was  of  the  probable  fate  of  many  others 
who  were,  or  would  be,  exposed  to  the  hazards  of  war. 
Though  not  a  native  of  the  place,  yet  as  a  member  of  the 
Guards,  he  was  brought  within  the  sphere  of  Worcester  sym- 
pathies. The  company  to  which  he  belonged,  passed  appre- 
ciative resolutions,  drawn  up  by  Captain  Sprague. 

John  William  Grout. 

When  the  fatal  bullet  struck  the  head  of  the  gallant  Lieu- 
tenant John  William  Grout,  his  body  sank  beneath  the  waters 
of  the  Potomac.  The  agony  of  losing  him  was  augmented,  for 
several  days,  by  the  fact  that  his  remains  could  not  be  recov- 
ered. At  length  the  body  was  found,  and  brought  to  Worces- 
ter in  a  metallic  coffin.  This  was  about  the  tenth  of  Novem- 
ber, some  three  weeks  after  his  death.  The  funeral  took  place 
on  the  twelfth,  when  everything  possible  was  done  by  the  city 
authorities,  the  military,  and  the  citizens  generally,  to  honor 
his  memory,  and  express  sympathy  for  his  bereaved  parents. 

Previous  to  the  funeral,  the  Highland  Cadets,  who  had  been 
his  comrades  at  the  Highland  Military  Institute,  passed  res- 
olutions expressive  of  their  esteem  and  affection  for  their 
former  schoolmate,  and  promising  to  "  cherish  the  memory  of 
a  friend  who  manifested  such  bravery  in  the  field  of  battle,  and 
fought  so  heroically  against  the  enemies  of  his  country." 

The  order  of  service  at  the  funeral  on  the  twelfth  of  Novem- 
ber was  as  follows.  The  City  Council,  Colonel  Devens  and 
Dr.  Bates  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  and  officers  of  the 
various  military  organizations  in  the  city,  were  in  attendance. 
The  services  were  conducted  in  a  solemn  and  impressive  man- 
ner, by  Rev.  Mr.  Cutler,  of  the  Union  Church.  A  detach- 
ment of  the  Highland  Cadets,  under  Lieutenant  Abercrombie, 
formed  the  funeral  escort  of  the  procession  to  the  Rural  Cem- 
etery, where  the  Episcopal  service  was  read  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Hagar,  and  volleys  of  musketry  were  fired  over  the  tomb  by 
the  cadets. 

The  following  biographical  sketch  of  Lieutenant  Grout  was 
prepared  by  Rev,  Dr.  Cutler,  for  many  years  pastor  of  the 


454  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Union  Congregational  Churcli  in  Worcester,  and  was  printed, 
soon  after  young  Grout's  death,  for  the  family.  It  is  here 
copied  with  slight  abridgement. 

"  The  subject  of  this  sketch  won  a  claim  to  this  memorial,  not  only  as 
being  one  of  the  first  commissioned  officers  that  has  fallen  in  this  cam- 
paign from  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  but  also  as  leaving  a  fame  inde- 
pendent of  fiction,  of  exaggeration,"  and  of  the  partiality  of  friends. 

He  was  born  in  the  summer  of  1843,  ^.nd  had  barely  attained  the  age  at 
which  a  legal  claim  could  be  made  upon  his  service,  when  he  fell  a  volun- 
tary sacrifice  on  the  altar  of  his  country. 

Of  medial  stature  and  symmetrical  proportions,  erect  carriage,  and 
remarkably  fine  and  manly  features,  and  with  elastic  vigor  and  '  the  crim- 
son glow  of  health,'  he  seemed  'every  inch  a  soldier,'  and  might  have  been 
selected  as  a  model  by  an  artist.  His  physical  qualities  were  admirably 
complemented  by  his  moral  and  intellectual.  Though  the  child  of  afflu- 
ence, privilege,  and  indulgence,  and  exposed  to  the  temptations  incident  to 
life  in  a  city,  he  was  yet  above  all  reproach  or  suspicion  in  respect  of  his 
habits  and  associates.  With  uniform  outward  respect  for  rehgion,  he 
united  a  cheerful  seriousness  and  frankness  in  the  expression  of  his  reli- 
gious views  and  feelings.  Says  a  friend  —  '  I  have  known  of  his  bearing 
reproach  and  ridicule  with  the  same  courage  he  exhibited  in  the  last  acts 
of  his  life.'  A  generous  charity  and  high  self-respect,  the  modesty  of  a 
child  and  the  self-reliance  of  a  man,  a  genial  amiableness  and  a  dignified 
reserve,  —  were  a  rare  combination  of  qualities,  which  contributed  alike 
to  the  rigid  disciplinarian  and  the  favorite  companion.  He  was  a  profi- 
cient at  the  piano-forte  and  in  mathematics,  and  had  a  genius  for  the  art 
of  drawing  ;  to  which  he  added  some  knowledge  of  the  French  language 
and  of  the  ancient  classics,  and  a  cultivated  elocution. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  Jonathan  Grout,  Esq.,  of  Worcester,  and  of  the 
sixth  generation  of  John  of  Sudbury,  who  was  the  grandson  of  an  English 
knight,  '  not  improbably  descended  from  the  brilliant  Raymond  Le  Gros.' 
The  latter  is  famous  as  having  had  '  command  of  the  English  army '  in 
Ireland ;  and  John,  for  his  heroism  as  ensign  in  leading  his  townsmen 
triumphantly  against  the  assaults  of  the  Indians  in  1676,  —  for  which  he 
was  rewarded  'with  a  captaincy,  then  a  substitute  in  the  colony  for  knight- 
hood in  England.' 

In  his  childhood  and  early  youth,  the  late  lieutenant  gave  some  signs  of 
the  military  genius  of  his  ancestral  blood.  A  treasured  specimen  is  a 
whitded  dagger  with  a  Union  shield  on  it,  —  now  doubly  prized.  But  not 
until  he  entered  the  military  department  of  Caleb  B.  Metcalf's  Highland 
School,  Worcester,  was  his  element  discovered,  and  his  taste  gratified. 
Such  were  his  aptitude,  enthusiasm,  progress,  and  promise,  that  he  was 
soon  made  captain  of  the  cadets  ;  and  when  the  occasion  called  for  the 


JOHN    WILLIAM    GROUT.  455 

practical  use  of  his  military  knowledge  it  found  him  master  of  all  the  prin- 
ciples and  details  '  in  the  schools  of  the  company  and  battalion.' 

When  all  were  quaking  under  the  sad  and  sudden  tidings  of  actual 
rebellion,  and  under  the  immediate  proclamation  for  the  army  of  defence, 
it  is  not  surprising  that  his  parents  resolutely  clung  to  their  darling  '  hope 
of  future  years.'  With  filial  deference  and  painful  regret,  he  relinquished 
his  earHest  purpose,  in  hope  of  their  ultimate  consent.  '  When  they 
yielded  to  his  importunities,  his  joy  knew  no  bounds,  and  with  all  the 
ardor  of  his  nature  he  engaged  in  the  work  of  preparation,'  practicing  the 
self-denials  which  would  best  inure  him  '  to  the  hardships  of  the  camp.' 
Meantime  his  services  were  in  great  demand  in  drilling  volunteers  ;  and 
his  knowledge  and  efficiency  were  so  highly  estimated,  that,  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  notwithstanding  his  youth,  he  was 
welcomed  to  company  D,  with  '  the  commission  of  second  lieutenant.' 
Yet,  until  their  departure  for  the  seat  of  war,  the  drilling  of  the  company 
devolved  mainly  upon  him,  and  became  the  occasion  of  his  winning  the 
highest  compliments  from  gentlemen  of  military  honors,  and  of  raising  the 
highest  expectations  in  respect  of  his  future  career. 

His  patriotism,  however,  did  not  consist  in  his  love  of  military  life  and 
distinction.  Rather  than  retain  his  office  against  opposition,  he  would 
have  entered  the  ranks  as  a  private.  He  assured  his  friends,  not  with 
buoyant  rashness,  but  with  serious  candor,  than  he  had  girded  on  his 
armor  for  all  the  emergencies  of  war,  and  for  victory  or  death.  He  seemed 
to  feel  the  solemnities  as  well  as  the  responsibilities  of  his  position,  but 
never  faltered  in  his  purpose  or  in  the  duties  he  was  subsequently  called 
to  discharge. 

After  the  regiment  joined  the  army,  he  continued  to  be,  according  to  the 
testimony  of  Colonel  Devens,  a  model  of  behavior.  His  responsibilities 
were  soon  increased,  in  consequence  of  the  first  lieutenant  being  detailed 
for  the  signal  corps.  Attentive  to  the  wants  of  his  men,  and  generous 
almost  to  a  fault,  punctual  in  every  duty,  and  ever  seeming  to  have  greater 
resources  in  reserve  than  were  yet  in  requisition,  he  had  the  confidence 
and  friendship  of  his  company,  and  the  respect  and  good  will  of  the  regi- 
ment. True  to  his  nature,  he  chose  for  the  drilling  of  his  soldiers  locali- 
ties somewhat  retired  ;  whither,  however,  spectators  repaired  to  admire 
his  mature  self-possession  and  his  unerring  skill.  Like  Colonel  Baker, 
he  seems  to  have  had  a  presentiment  that  these  pastimes  would  not  long 
continue ;  and  alas  !  his  knowledge  and  his  mettle  were  soon  put  to  the 
most  terrible  proof 

The  story  of  Leesburg,  —  Ball's  Bluff — October  21,  is,  in  general, 
familiar  to  all.  It  was  the  fortune  of  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  Regi- 
ment to  be  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  to  do  the  greatest  execution,  and 
to  suffer  the  greatest  loss.  But  Lieutenant  Grout  was  found  adequate  to 
the  duties  of  his  office:    His  coolness  and  self-possession,  his  precision 


45  6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  courage,  were  astonishing,  and  of  great  effect  upon  the  courage  and 
efficiency  of  his  men.  In  the  terrific  showers  of  leaden  hail,  Providence 
shielded  him  from  harm.  The  spontaneous  metaphor  in  which  the  testi- 
mony is  borne,  is  that  he  fought  like  a  tiger.  .  .  .  '  Every  blow  of  his  sword 
told.'  He  verified  the  promise,  that  he  would  never  surrender.  But 
victory  was  hopeless.  To  continue  on  the  field,  was  to  increase  the  sac- 
rifice of  loyal  blood,  yet  with  unflinching  firmness,  the  residue  of  the  regi- 
ment withstood  the  foe  till  they  heard  the  order  for  retreat.  But  when 
they  obeyed  that  order,  they  knew  that  they  had  done  the  utmost  in  the 
power  of  men,  and  that  '  Massachusetts  had  reason  to  be  proud  of  the 
conduct  of  her  sons  on  that  field  of  carnage.' 

But  his  coolness  and  discretion  and  generosity  did  not  forsake  him. 
Driven  to  the  bank  of  the  river,  he  still  forgot  himself  in  the  services  he 
rendered  to  others.  With  inadequate  means  for  transportation,  he 
crossed  the  stream  with  the  wounded,  and  returned.  Again  the  frail  boat 
was  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity,  and  he  remained  upon  the  shore.  But 
the  eagerness  for  self-preservation  hazarded  too  much,  and  many  who 
escaped  the  enemy  on  the  field,  found  another  beneath  the  waves  of  the 
Potomac.  The  remainder  were  now  reduced  to  the  last  extremity.  And 
when  the  young  lieutenant  went  up  to  his  superior  with  the  calm  but 
heroic  inquiry,  '  Is  there  anything  more  that  I  can  do  ?  '  the  reply  of 
Colonel  Devens,  to  whom  no  epithets  of  commendation  can  do  justice, 
was  :  '  Nothing,  but  take  care  of  yourself.'  And  when  the  colonel  cried  to 
his  brave  but  sorely  tried  men,  '  I  shall  never  surrender  ! '  and  with  the 
benediction,  '  God  be  with  you  all,'  gave  the  final  order,  '  Every  man 
for  himself,'  Lieutenant  Grout  had  done  his  duty,  and  nobly  justified 
the  highest  expectations  of  his  numerous  friends  and  enthusiastic 
admirers. 

After  waiting  for  the  faint  light  of  the  rising  moon,  he  threw  his  incum- 
brances beyond  recovery,  and  with  a  few  companions,  plunged  into  the 
stream.  But  before  he  could  reach  the  opposite  shore,  the  fatal  ball  of 
the  barbarous  assassin  left  him  only  time  and  strength  to  exclaim  :  '  Tell 
company  D  that  I  should  have  escaped,  but  I  am  shot.' 

The  sad  tidings  were  aggravated  by  the  ineffectual  search  for  his 
remains.  But  at  length  the  Potomac  yielded  up  the  treasure,  which  in  due 
time  was  borne,  with  military  and  municipal  honors,  and  under  the  flag  of 
his  heroic  love,  from  the  paternal  mansion  '  to  the  house  appointed  for  all 
living.'  He  is  truly  lamented  ;  and  the  mourning  circle  includes  at  least 
his  native  city  and  the  honored  Fifteenth  Regiment. 

It  is  pleasant  to  imagine  what  exalted  rank  and  distinction  he  might  have 
attained.  But  his  career  is  finished  ;  and  his  example  and  fame  are  a 
rich  legacy  to  the  young  men  of  his  native  commonwealth.  '  Many,'  said 
he,  '  that  are  perfectly  able  to  go,  are  very  brave  and  forward  until  it  comes 
their  turn  ;  then  it  is  another  story  ;  they  need  something  to  stir  them  up.'' 


JOHN    WILLIAM    GROUT.  457 

The  noble  deeds  and  sacrifices  at  Ball's  Bluff  may  be  the  very  thino- 
designed  by  Providence  to  stir  them  np.  As  the  blood  of  the  martyrs  was 
the  seed  of  the  church,  so  for  every  hero  and  patriot  that  falls  in  the 
service  of  his  country,  ten  should  hasten  from  their  homes  to  vindicate  the 
sacredness  and  value  of  their  country's  cause." 

The  following  poem,  having  reference  to  Lieutenant  Grout, 
was  written  by  Henry  S.  Washburn,  Esq.,  and- will  be 
remembered  by  many  to  whom  it  was  familiar  in  the  early  part 
of  the  war. 

"  We  shall  meet,  but  we  shall  miss  him, 
There  will  be  one  vacant  chair ; 
We  shall  linger  to  caress  him, 
While  we  breathe  our  evening  prayer. 

When  a  year  ago  we  gathered, 

Joy  was  in  his  mild  blue  eye, 
But  a  golden  cord  is  severed. 

And  our  hopes  in  ruin  lie. 

At  our  fireside,  sad  and  lonely. 

Often  will  the  bosom  swell. 

At  remembrance  of  the  story 

How  our  noble  Willie  fell ; 

How  he  strove  to  bear  our  banner 

Through  the  thickest  of  the  fight. 
And  upheld  our  country's  honor. 

With  the  strength  of  manhood's  might. 

True,  they  tell  us  wreaths  of  glory 

Evermore  shall  deck  his  brow, 
But  this  soothes  the  anguish  only, 

Sweeping  o'er  our  heart-strings  now. 

Sleep  to-day,  O  early  fallen  ! 

In  thy  green  and  narrow  bed  ; 
Dirges  from  the  pine  and  cypress 

Mingle  with  the  tears  we  shed. 

We  shall  meet,  but  we  shall  miss  him, 

There  will  be  one  vacant  chair  ; 
We  shall  linger  to  caress  him, 

When  we  breathe  our  evening  prayer." 


458  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

William  T.  Going,  M.D. 
The  papers  of  the  date  November  8,  1861,  contained  a 
notice  of  the  death  of  Dr.  Going.  He  was  a  native  of  Wor- 
cester, and  a  son  of  Rev,  Dr.  Going,  formerly  an  able  and 
devoted  Baptist  clergymen  of  this  city.  His  death  occurred 
on  the  twenty-third  of  October.  He  was  professionally  con- 
nected with  the  Seventeenth  Ohio  Regiment.  He  was  ex- 
hausted by  fatigue  and  exposure,  and  died  very  suddenly,  in 
Springfield,  Ohio,  aged  41.  He  had  nearly  recovered  his 
accustomed  spirit  and  vivacity,  when,  in  returning  from  an 
evening  walk,  he  was  seized  with  a  fatal  illness,  fell  upon  his 
threshold  and  immediately  expired. 

Edward  Lovell  Barnard. 
This  young  soldier,  son  of  the  late  General  and  Mrs.  Eben- 
ezer  L.  Barnard,  who  died  at  Newbern,  N.  C.,  on  the  third  of 
December,  1862,  after  an  illness  of  several  weeks,  left  behind 
him  a  large  circle  of  friends  to  cherish  his  memory.  The 
funeral  took  place  at  the  house  of  his  widowed  mother  on 
Thursday,  December  11,  and  the  services  were  conducted  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Sweetser.  A  large  delegation  of  his  class-mates 
were  present  from  Yale,  the  class  of  i860  having  passed  the 
following  resolutions  : 

"  Whereas,  We  have  heard  with  feelings  of  heartfelt  sorrow  that  it  has 
pleased  an  all-wise  providence  to  remove  by  death  our  former  classmate 
and  friend,  Edward  Lovell  Barnard,  while  in  the  service  of  his  country 
Therefore 

Resolved,  That  we  affectionately  sympathize  with  and  tender  to 
his  bereaved  family  our  sincere  condolements  in  this  their  great 
sorrow. 

Resolved,  That  as  a  tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  the  deceased, 
and  as  a  token  of  our  esteem  for  his  character,  we,  the  members  of  this 
class,  will  wear  the  usual  badge  of  mourning  for  thirty  days. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  forwarded  to  his  afflicted 
family,  and  to  the  daily  papers  of  Worcester,  and  that  a  committee  of 
eleven  be  appointed  to  attend  the  funeral." 


THOMAS  JEFFERSON    SPURR.  459 

Thomas  Jefferson  Spurr. 
The  following  biographical  sketch  of  the  gallant  and  patri- 
otic   Lieutenant    Spurr,    was    prepared    for    the    "  Harvard 
Memorial,"  by  Mr.  Samuel  S.  Green.     The  occasional  omis- 
sions in  this  transcript,  have  his  sanction. 

"  Thomas  J.  Spurr  was  born  in  Worcester,  February  2,  1838.  His 
grandfathers  were  General  Jolin  Spurr  and  Dr.  Dan  Lamb,  of  Charlton  ;  his 
parents,  Colonel  Samuel  Danforth  and  Mary  Augusta  (Lamb)  Spurr.  Both 
parents  were  born  in  Charlton,  but  removed  to  Worcester  about  1832  or 
1833,  having  at  that  time  but  one  child,  a  daughter.  Colonel  Spurr  was  a 
merchant  in  Worcester  until  his  death  in  1842.  Thus  in  his  fifth  3-ear, 
Thomas  Spurr  was  left,  with  his  sister,  under  the  sole  care  of  his  mother  ; 
and  perhaps  the  strongest  point  in  his  character  was  the  love  which  he  felt 
for  that  mother. 

While  at  school  he  was  fond  of  athletic  sports,  and  as  a  scholar  easily 
took  the  lead  of  his  class.  He  prepared  for  college  in  the  High  School, 
and  though  his  course  of  study  was  brief,  he  was  well  fitted.  At  the 
Junior  Exhibition  he  ranked  among  the  first  eight  scholars  of  the  class. 
Good  in  all  branches  of  study,  he  excelled  in  mathematics.  Disease  in 
the  eyes  induced  him  to  leave  college  in  the  junior  year,  and  seek  im- 
provement by  a  voyage  to  Fayal.  Returning  without  a  cure,  he  continued 
his  studies  with  the  aid  of  a  reader,  and  notwithstanding  this  impediment, 
his  scholarship  was  such  that  his  companions  chose  him  a  member  of 
the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society. 

Sometime  after  graduation  he  began  the  study  of  law,  his  eyes  gradually 
gaining  strength.  Having  passed  a  year  in  the  ofiice  of  Messrs.  Devens 
and  Hoar,  he  entered  the  Law  School  at  Cambridge  in  September,  i860, 
with  the  desire  of  becoming  a  thorough  lawyer  as  well  as  scholar.  He 
was  ambitious  of  success  also,  but  his  moral  standard  was  high,  and  he 
scorned  the  deceits  and  meannesses  too  often  practiced  by  men  in  the  pur- 
suits of  business,  as  if  they  felt  none  of  the  restraints  of  obligation. 

He  was  in  every  respect  thoroughly  manly.  Strong  of  body,  he  was 
also  self-relying  and  brave.  He  had,  too,  a  purity  and  chastity  of  nature 
to  which  no  stain  of  indelicacy  ever  attached  itself.  Of  his  love  for  his 
m.other,  his  brother-in-law,  Hon.  George  F.  Hoar,  writes  in  these  words  : 
—  'It  manifested  itself,  not  much  in  expressions  of  endearment,  not  at  all 
in  any  mode  which  would  attract  the  attention  of  strangers,  but  in  con- 
stantly making  her  comfort  and  happiness  the  predominant  consideration 
in  all  his  plans  of  Hfe.  When  he  was  in  college  and  in  the  Law  School, 
no  week  passed  without  at  least  two  letters  from  him  to  her ;  not  letters 
written  as  in  the  performance  of  a  self-imposed  task,  but  full  and  com- 
plete journals  of  his  life  and  thoughts.     This  feeling  grew  stronger  with 


460  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  separation  caused  by  his  life  in  the  army.  His  dying  moments  were 
occupied  with  thoughts  for  her  welfare,  and  her  name  was  the  last  word 
upon  his  lips.' 

When  the  rebellion  broke  out  he  was  in  Russia,  whither  he  had  gone, 
hoping  the  voyage  would  do  something  for  his  eyes.  The  news  received 
there  came  from  hostile  British  sources,  and  was  calculated  to  excite  alarm 
as  well  as  indignation.  He  hastened  home,  and  then  came  the  struggle 
between  his  duties  to  his  mother  and  to  his  country,  till  he  was  satisfied 
that  both  were  in  unison.  His  peculiarly  strong  love  for  his  only  surviv- 
ing parent,  made  it  hard  for  him  to  go  to  the  war.  She  was  a  widow,  and 
he  an  only  son.  It  was  only  after  a  great  struggle  that  he  could  make 
up  his  mind  to  leave  her.  He  held  very  strong  convictions,  and  believing 
that  the  North  was  right  beyond  question  in  the  contest,  was  fervent  in  his 
wishes  for  its  success.  He  felt  that  he  must  do  something  for  his  country. 
He  was  not  moved  by  the  love  of  glory  or  adventure  ;  but  he  did  not  fear 
hardship.  He  went  to  the  war  because  it  was  his  duty  to  go,  feeling 
as  other  noble  spirits  felt,  that  he  should  be  ashamed  to  look  his 
friends  in  the  face,  or  hold  up  his  head  anywhere,  if  he  did  not  do  his 
part  in  the  contest. 

He  was  soon  called  upon  to  decide  definitely,  Colonel  Devens  having 
recommended  him  for  the  post  of  first  lieutenant  in  company  G  of  the 
Fifteenth  Regiment.  The  recommendation  was  not  sought  by  him  or  his 
friends,  but  was  the  result  of  Colonel  Devens'  personal  knowledge  of  his 
qualities.  '  His  original  appointment,'  says  Mr.  Hoar,  '  had  not  been 
approved  by  his  men  or  the  other  officers  of  the  regiment,  they  thinking 
that  the  vacancies  should  have  been  filled  from  among  those  who  had 
gone  through  the  dangers  of  Ball's  Bluff;  and  if  anything  in  him  had 
made  it  possible,  he  would  have  encountered  serious  discomfort,  if  not 
hostility.  But  all  this  feeling  soon  yielded  to  his  friendly  and  courteous 
manners,  and  his  thorough  and  conscientious  performance  of  his  duty  ;  and 
all  persons  connected  with  his  regiment  agree  that  he  was  universally 
beloved  by  his  comrades,  both  officers  and  men.' 

He  was  for  a  considerable  time  the  only  commissioned  officer  in  his 
company,  and  his  devotion  to  it  was  invariable.  When  they  were 
stationed  for  some  weeks  near  Washington,  where  he  had  many 
friends,  he  resolutely  declined  all  their  invitations,  with  a  single  excep- 
tion, saying  that  his  duty  required  his  constant  presence  with  his 
men.  When  he  found  he  was  too  ill  to  go  into  action  with  his  company 
at  Malvern  Hill,  he  burst  into  tears.  He  went  with  his  regiment  to  the 
Peninsula,  returned  with  it,  and  received  his  death-wound  at  the  battle  of 
Antietam.  The  closing  scenes  of  his  life  are  best  described  by  his 
brother-in-law,  Mr.  Hoar,  who  was  with  him  in  his  last  hours. 

'He  joined  the  regiment  in  the  fallofi86i.  I  never  saw  him  again 
until  I  was  summoned  to  Hagerstown  after  the  battle  of  Antietam.     He 


THOMAS   JEFFERSON    SPURR.  461 

was  dressing  the  line  of  his  company,  about  nine  o'clock  of  the  morning 
of  the  battle,  the  regiment  being  under  a  severe  fire,  when  his  thigh  was 
struck  by  a  minie-ball  which  shattered  the  bone.  Two  of  his  men  came 
to  where  he  lay  and  offered  to  carry  him  to  the  rear.  He  ordered  them 
back  to  the  ranks,  and  refused  all  assistance.  The  place  where  he  lay 
was  a  short  distance  in  front  of  a  wood,  to  which  the  regiment  was  almost 
instantly  compelled  to  retreat.  The  ground  where  he  fell  was  not  again 
occupied  by  our  troops  until  after  the  battle.  He  lay  on  the  ground  where 
he  fell  all  of  Wednesday  and  through  Wednesday  night.  On  Thursday 
the  enemy  occupied  the  ground.  Among  them  was  a  college  acquaintance 
and  contemporary,  (believed  to  have  been  a  Major  Hale  of  South  Caro- 
lina), who  treated  him  with  kindness,  caused  him  to  be  removed  to  a 
farm-yard  near  by,  and  laid  on  the  ground  between  two  haystacks,  and 
gave  him  a  blanket,  which  we  are  glad  to  preserve.  Thomas  lay  in  this 
farm -yard  until  Saturday,  when  the  ground  was  again  occupied  by  our 
forces,  and  he  was  then  removed  to  a  hospital.  On  Monday  he  was  taken 
to  Hagerstown,  where  his  mother  and  I,  with  Dr.  Sargent,  found  him  on 
Wednesday  evening.  Early  the  next  morning,  Thursday,  he  was  carefully 
examined  by  the  surgeons,  who  were  able,  by  extracting  the  splinters  of 
bone  from  his  flesh  to  relieve  the  agony  which  he  had  suffered  since  he 
was  wounded,  but  found  his  recovery  hopeless.  He  said  to  me  after  the 
examination,  '  I  suppose  you  will  tell  me  the  result  when  you  think  it  is 
best.'  It  would  have  dishonored  that  brave  soul  to  keep  it  back,  and  I 
told  him  the  whole  truth.  He  heard  it  bravely  and  cheerfully.  He  said 
he  hoped  his  company  would  be  satisfied  with  him,  and  feel  that  he  had 
deserved  their  confidence  ;  that  he  was  not  conscious  of  having  had  a 
single  thought  for  himself  after  the  first  bullet  was  fired.  He  added  that 
he  believed  he  had  the  confidence  of  Colonel  Kimball.  He  lay  through 
this  day  and  the  next,  suffering  a  good  deal,  and  gradually  growing 
weaker,  but  with  his  mind  perfectly  clear  and  calm.  There  is  too  much 
of  a  private  and  personal  nature  in  the  conversations  of  these  two  days  to 
make  it  proper  to  repeat  them  here.  Dr.  Sargent,  the  distinguished  phy- 
sician who  kindly  and  generously  left  his  pressing  professional  duties  at 
home,  to  give  his  dying  young  friend  the  benefit  of  his  skill,  writes  :  '  I 
shall  consider  myself  as  more  than  compensated  for  any  sacrifice  I  have 
made,  by  the  elevating  and  purifying  influences  of  that  death-bed,  —  the 
death  of  the  Christian  patriot ;  of  the  excellent  son  and  brother,  whose 
translation  in  the  clearness  of  his  intellect,  and  even  in  the  fullness  of  wis- 
dom, was  such  as  I  never  before  witnessed.' 

At  about  half  past  four  on  Saturday  morning  he  asked  his  mother,  '  Do 
you  think  I  am  failing  ?  '  She  said,  '  Yes.'  He  said,  '  While  my  mind  is 
clear,  I  should  like  to  pray  with  you.'  He  then,  in  a  voice  as  clear  and 
distinct  as  his  usual  voice  in  health,  prayed  for  a  blessing  on  his  friends, 
thanked  God  for  giving  him  such  a  kind  mother,  for  the  goodness  which 


462  WORCESTER    IN    TKE    WAR. 

had  followed  him  through  life,  and  that  he  had  been  enabled  to  pass  the 
last  days  of  his  life  surrounded,  by  kind  friends,  without  which  they  must 
have  been  days  of  terrible  anguish.  He  took  leave  of  each  of  his  friends 
who  were  present,  and  sent  kind  messages  to  his  near  relatives  who  were 
away.  He  sent  his  love  to  Lieutenant  Bigelow,  a  3-oung  officer  (then  ser- 
geant) of  his  own  regiment,  who  lay  wounded  in  the  same  house,  and  said, 
*  Henry  (Lieutenant  Bigelow)  behaved  beautifull}'.  I  want  General  Devens 
to  know  it.  He  ought  to  have  a  commission.  He  is  so  modest  and  quiet, 
that  I  don't  think  General  Devens  knows  how  much  there  is  in  him.'  He 
then  spoke  to  Dr.  Sargent,  and  said,  '  I  have  no  doubt  you  have  done  all 
you  can.  I  am  much  obliged  to  you.  I  am  perfectly  satisfied.'  He  then 
called  his  man  Isaiah,  and  said,  '  I  hope  I  have  not  been  unreasonable  with 
you.  I  have  tried  not  to  be.'  The  man  burst  into  tears,  and  replied,  '  You 
have  always  been  mighty  good  to  me,  sir.'  Thomas  then  said,  '  I  believe 
there  are  no  little  things  I  have  left  unarranged.  I  should  like  to  have 
Isaiah  ride  in  the  car  beside  the  coffin  so  that  it  shall  not  be  roughly 
handled.  I  have  tried  to  do  my  duty  ;  I  hope  my  example  of  devotion  to 
my  country  may  not  be  lost.' 

After  a  slight  pause  be  said,  '  It  may  be  well  for  you  as  surgeons  to 
make  a  certificate  of  my  death,  and  send  it  to  Colonel  Kimball.  His 
address  is,  "  Lieutenant-Colonel  Kimball,  Fifteenth  Regiment  Massachu- 
setts Volunteers,  Sedgwick's  Division,  Washington,  District  of  Colum- 
bia." '  He  then  crossed  his  hands  over  his  breast,  and  said,  '  Now  the 
sooner  it  is  over,  the  better.' 

He  then  lay  for  a  few  hours  quietly,  giving  occasional  slight  directions 
for  arranging  his  position,  etc.,  till  about  nine  o'clock,  a.m.,  when  he  asked 
for  water,  which  he  could  not  swallow.  He  then  seemed  sinking  fast. 
He  opened  his  eyes  once  more,  and  said,  '  Don't  feel  badly  ;  be  of  good 
cheer,  mother,'  and  in  a  few  minutes  quietly  breathed  his  last." 

Solomon  Parsons,  Jr. 
He  was  the  son  of  Solomon  Parsons,  of  New  Worcester, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Fifty-first  Regiment.  He  died  in 
Newbern.  The  funeral  took  place  at  his  father's  house  on 
January  30,  1863.  The  Rev.  T.  W.  Lewis,  pastor  of  the 
Methodist  Church  in  New  Worcester,  officiated.  The  flags 
in  the  vicinage  were  displayed  at  half-mast.  A  delegation  of 
Home  Guards  were  present  and  acted  as  pall-bearers.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  company  of  Captain  John  S.  Baldwin, 
who  wrote  a  sympathizing  letter  to  the  friends,  from  which 
the  following  extract  is  taken  :  — "  Such  a  man  as  Parsons 
ought  not  to  be  used  up  carelessly.     He  was  a  noble  fellow ; 


SAMUEL    FOSTER   HAVEN,  JR.  463 

one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  very  best  man  in  my  company,  and 
it  is  with  a  heavy  heart  that  I  make  the  necessary  arrange- 
ments to  send  his  hfeless  body  Iiome.  He  was  a  son  to  be 
proud  of.  I  have  known  Parsons  only  since  we  started  as 
sokUers  ;  but  no  one  has  grown  faster  in  my  favor  than  he, 
and  no  man  was  more  popular  with  the  company." 

Samuel  Foster  Haven,  Jr.,  M.D. 
The  funeral  of  Dr.  Haven,  only  son  of  the  accomplished  Mr. 
S.  F.  Haven,  librarian  of  the  Antiquarian  Society,  took  place 
on  Wednesday,  December  24,  1862,  at  eleven  o'clock,  a.bi., 
at  the  Church  of  the  Unity.  The  services  were  conducted 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen,  pastor  of  the  church,  assisted  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Scandlin,  chaplain  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment.  The 
church  was  crowded.  The  officers  and  other  members  of  the 
regiment,  who  were  then  at  home,  with  other  military  men, 
were  present.  Rev.  Mr.  Scandlin  read  appropriate  passages 
of  scripture.  Rev.  Mr.  Shippen  in  a  few  earnest  words,  spoke 
of  the  great  worth,  the  strength  and  tenderness  of  character 
of  the  young  surgeon.  He  read  also  an  extract  from  a  noble 
and  beautiful  letter  written  by  Dr.  Haven  after  the  death  of 
Lieutenant  Spurr,  and  referring  to  their  intimate  friendship, 
said  that  as  in  life  they  were  united,  in  death  they  were  not 
long  divided.     The  hymn, 

"  Nearer,  my  God,  to  Thee," 

was  then  sung,  and  the  services  were  brought  to  a  close. 
The  coffin  was  draped  with  the  national  flag,  and  flowers  and 
wreaths  were  arranged  upon  it. 

The  following  gentlemen,  professional  brethren  of  Dr. 
Haven,  acted  as  pall-bearers,  viz :  Drs.  Bates,  Martin,  Wood- 
ward, Clark,  Gage,  Sargent,  Bemis  and  Nichols. 

The  Home  Guards,  Colonel  Ivers  Phillips  commanding, 
escorted  the  body  to  the  grave  at  the  Rural  Cemetery,  with 
muffled  drums  and  reversed  guns.  In  the  meantime,  the  flags 
about  the  city  were  hung  at  half-mast  in  regard  for  the  mem- 
ory of  the  deceased. 

The    Worcester    Association    for    Medical    Improvement, 


464  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

adopted  resolutions  in  honor  of  the  memory  of  Dr.  Haven, 
in  which  they  spoke  of  his  "  large  scientific  attainments,  dig- 
nified bearing,  and  brave  fidelity  to  duty,"  and  added  that  his 
"  pure  and  blameless  life,  elevated  social  intercourse,  unosten- 
tatious benevolence,  and  scrupulous  regard  for  the  rights  and 
•feelings  of  others,  gave  convincing  evidence  of  the  refining 
and  ennobling  influence  of  moral  and  religious  culture." 

The  "  Harvard  Memorial "  contains  the  following  tribute 
to  Dr.  Haven,  which  was  prepared  by  his  friend,  William 
S.  Davis,  Esq.  It  is  transferred  to  these  pages,  without 
abridgement. 

"The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Dedham,  in  the  house  of  his 
grandfather,  the  Hon.  Samuel  Haven,  May  20,  1831.  His  father,  Samuel 
F.  Haven,  Esq.,  has  been  for  many  years  librarian  of  the  American  Anti- 
quarian Society,  at  Worcester.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  the  Rev, 
Freeman  Sears  of  Natick,  who  died  early  in  life,  after  a  brief  settlement  in 
that  place.     She  died  when  Foster  was  not  quite  five  years  old. 

Fortunately,  at  that  tender  age,  the  friend  from  whom  his  mother,  an 
orphan,  had  received  her  intellectual  and  moral  culture,  in  the  most  im- 
portant period  of  her  life,  extended  to  him  the  same  kind  care,  and 
watched  over  his  early  development  with  equal  interest  and  aftection. 
Whatever  elevated  and  generous  sentiments  it  is  possible  to  cultivate  in 
the  mind  of  a  child  she  labored  to  implant  or  nurture.  She  kept  a  journal 
of  her  experiences  in  the  process  of  guiding  and  enlightening  his  sponta- 
neous mental  operations,  which  evinces  her  devoted  affection,  and  has  a 
striking  moral  and  metaphysical  significance.  The  wide  circle  of  the 
friends  and  acquaintances  of  this  lady,  (Miss  Elizabeth  P.  Peabody),  wiil 
readily  understand  how  every  intellectual  germ  which  could  be  nourished 
into  a  principle  of  devotion  to  duty,  or  chivalrous  self-sacrifice,  or  heroic 
aspiration,  would  receive  an  impulse  and  a  direction  from  her  hand  which 
could  never  be  wholly  lost ;  and  in  this  case  the  noble  fruition  of  the  life  of 
her  pupil,  bears  ample  testimony  to  the  success  of  her  early  cultivation. 

The  details  of  the  life  of  a  child  are,  perhaps,  applicable  to  a  notice  of 
his  maturity,  only  in  the  general  way  of  showing  the  influence  of  early 
training  on  his  more  developed  character  and  actions.  And  in  this  con- 
nection it  may  be  appropriately  remarked,  that  the  record  of  Foster's  child- 
life,  as  kept  by  his  devoted  friend,  displays  many  touching  incidents  of 
tender,  confiding  affection,  and  evinces  a  truthfulness  of  spirit,  an  unwear- 
ried  and  almost  systematic  inquisitiveness,  and  a  power  of  self  absorption 
in  an  idea,  very  unusual  in  a  child  ;  all  of  which  traits  were  eminently 
characteristic  of  his  mature  years. 


SAMUEL    FOSTER    HAVEN,   JR.  465 

The  subsequent  portion  of  his  childhood,  previous  to  his  residence  in 
Worcester,  he  passed  in  the  care  of  his  grandparents  at  Dedham,  and  at 
the  family  school  of  Rev.  Mr.  Kimball,  in  an  adjoining  town.  He  went  to 
Worcester  in  1839,  — his  father  having  removed  thither  two  years  before, 
—  and  received  the  remainder  of  his  preparatory  education  in  the  schools 
of  the  city. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  entered  Harvard  College,  and  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1852, — the  last  of  four  successive  generations  of  his  name 
and  family  in  the  catalogue  of  the  alumni  of  that  University.  Soon  after 
graduation  he  entered  upon  his  medical  studies  as  the  pupil  of  Dr.  Henry 
Sargent,  and  subsequently  become  a  member  of  the  Tremont  Street 
Medical  Class  in  Boston.  During  the  last  year  of  his  pupilage,  he  held 
the  position  of  house  physician  in  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital. 
In  the  autumn  of  1855,  having  taken  his  degree  of  Doctor  in  Medicine,  he 
visited  Europe,  and  spent  nearly  two  years  in  assiduous  devotion  to  his 
studies,  giving  especial  attention  to  his  favorite  branch  of  Ophthalmology 
in  London,  Paris,  Vienna  and  Berlin. 

Before  going  to  Europe,  he  wrote  an  essay  on  "  Intestinal  Obstruction," 
which  is  still  esteemed  a  valuable  contribution  to  medical  literature.  After 
his  return  from  Europe  he  established  himself  in  practice  in  Boston,  and 
while  there  read  before  the  Suffolk  District  Medical  Society  an  essay  on 
"  Cysticerci  within  the  Eye,"  which  was  also  found  worthy  of  publi- 
cation. 

Although  in  Boston  but  a  short  time,  his  stay  was  long  enough  to  leave 
a  grateful  remembrance  of  his  kindness  and  charity  among  the  poor  of  his 
neighborhood,  to  which  his  medical  successor  bears  cheerful  testimony. 
Yet  so  reticent  was  he  about  all  things  that  might  seem  to  be  creditable 
to  himself,  and  so  entirely  pure-minded  in  his  generosities,  that  not  even 
his  ov/n  father  knew  of  his  charitable  habits  till  after  his  death. 

In  the  spring  of  1858  he  removed  to  Worcester,  and  there  established 
himself  in  practice,  intending  to  give  special  attention  to  diseases  of  the 
eye.     There  he  remained  until  he  entered  the  army. 

Although,  owing  to  his  peculiarly  fastidious  and  retiring  nature,  he  was 
not  widely  known  in  his  profession,  he  had  acquired  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion among  his  medical  brethren,  as  well  for  his  powers  of  investigation  as 
for  his  scientific  attainments  ;  while  his  moral  worth  secured  for  him  the 
respect  of  all  who  knew  him,  and  his  ingenuousness  of  heart  attracted  the 
warm  affection  of  the  small  circle  of  his  intimate  friends. 

Dr.  Haven  was  essentially  a  student  all  his  life.  His  mental  organiza- 
tion and  moral  qualities  admirably  fitted  him  for  scientific  research.  He 
was  endowed  with  a  subtlety  of  discrimination,  a  love  for,  and  facility 
in,  minute  observation,  a  power  of  handling  details,  an  honesty  of  purpose, 
and  a  rare  industry,  fidelity  and  perseverance,  that  could  not  fail  of  suc- 
cess in  this  department.     His  thoroughness  was  remarkable.     He  seemed 

30 


466  WORCESTER    IN    THE   WAR. 

unable  to  slight  anything.     All  his  works  were  finished  with  the  elaborate 
nicety  of  a  Dutch  painting. 

With  these  characteristics,  combined  with  attainments  that  were 
remarkable  in  his  special  department,  he  might  well  look  forward  to  dis- 
tinction as  a  man  of  science,  while  his  training,  his  decided  mechanical 
ingenuity,  and  his  coolness,  gave  promise  of  eminence  in  the  more  practi- 
cal walks  of  a  surgical  operator. 

He  entertained  especially  fastidious  notions  about  the  dignity  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  was  exceedingly  careful  to  avoid  even  the  appearance  of  those 
tricks  and  devices  which  are  not  unfrequently  resorted  to  by  practitioners 
to  draw  public  attention  upon  themselves.  It  was  a  part  of  his  thorough- 
ness and  conscientiousness  to  prefer  the  solid  success  that  professional 
abihty  is  sure  in  the  end  to  attain,  to  the  more  dazzHng  and  ephemeral 
kind  sometimes  brought  about  by  magnetic  personal  attractions  or  the 
loud  praises  and  skillful  maneuvers  of  active  friends. 

He  was  not  merely  a  professional  man.  His  culture  was  wide  for  a 
person  of  his  years  and  labors.  Besides  his  college  acquaintance  with  the 
classics,  which  he  kept  up  to  a  considerable  extent,  he  was  in  a  measure 
familiar  with  the  literature  of  France  and  Germany,  and  was  also,  about 
the  time  he  entered  the  army,  studying  Italian,  that  he  might  enjoy  the 
poets  of  that  language  in  their  original  tongue.  In  matters  of  art  his  taste 
was  pure  and  classic.  His  power  of  versification  was  considerable  ;  and 
he  was  not  without  some  skill  as  a  draughtsman,  which,  under  cultivation, 
might  have  ripened  into  an  ability  above  mediocrity. 

He  had  a  strong  taste  for  authorship,  and  after  spending  many  months 
in  preparation  he  had  carried  one  manuscript  to  an  advanced  stage,  with- 
out the  knowledge  of  any  one  save  those  whom  he  was  obliged  to  consult, 
and  had  made  a  contract  for  its  publication,  just  as  the  war  broke  out.  His 
desire  to  see  this  launched  was  the  strongest  obstacle  to  his  entering 
the  service,  though  it  caused  no  hesitation  in  his  conduct.  It  was 
an  account  of  printers  and  printing  in  this  country  prior  to  the 
Revolution,  with  a  catalogue  of  publications,  revised  and  extended  from 
Isaiah  Thomas'  '  History  of  Printing.'  His  manuscript  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  and  it  is  hoped  may  yet 
be  published. 

How  industriously  he  pursued  his  studies  was  never  understood  until  an 
examination  of  his  papers  after  his  death  revealed  it.  Among  them  were 
found  copies  and  careful  notes  upon  a  variety  of  subjects,  evincing  a  won- 
derful degree  of  assiduity  and  thoroughness.  That  this  was  not  apprecia- 
ted in  his  lifetime,  is  due  to  his  exceeding  reticence  and  to  his  peculiar 
methods  of  labor.  It  was  one  of  his  frequent  remarks,  that  he  must  work 
in  his  own  way  or  he  could  do  nothing,  and  his  own  way  was  usually  an 
original  method. 

But  overtopping  his  intellectual  abilities  and  aesthetic  culture,  was  a 


SAMUEL    FOSTER    HAYEN,   JR.  467 

spirit  of  singular  simplicity,  gentleness,  and  heroism,  associated,  however, 
■^vith  a  shyness  of  disposition  and  fastidiousness  of  taste  that  to  some 
extent  restrained  its  free  action.  He  was  almost  childlike  in  the  guile- 
lessness  of  his  life  and  the  naturalness  of  his  emotions.  Quiet  and 
undemonstrative  in  temperament,  his  thorough  amiability  and  warm  affec- 
tion manifested  themselves  much  more  in  practical  acts  of  kindness,  than 
in  noisy  profession  or  sentimental  talk.  Truthful  to  an  extreme,  in  word 
and  deed,  he  could  not  bend  himself  to  suit  the  tastes  of  others,  nor  easily 
adapt  himself  to  varying  circumstances.  Sensitive  in  his  nature,  judging 
always  by  the  standard  of  perfection,  and  influenced  by  a  notable  aversion 
to  all  shams  and  insincerity,  he  saw  much  in  the  world  that  shocked  him, 
and  much  in  those  around  him  with  which  he  did  not  care  to  become  inti- 
mate. Yet  there  was  nothing  of  the  cynic  in  his  disposition,  nor  did  he 
take  upon  himself  the  duties  of  public  or  private  censor.  Whatever 
offended  his  taste  or  his  sense  of  right,  seemed  to  pain  rather  than  anger 
him,  and  caused  him  to  retire  sorrowfully  within  himself,  yet  with  a  heart 
ready  and  anxious  to  forgive  as  soon  as  his  judgment  should  assent.  With 
this  temperament  and  these  tastes,  it  is  not  strange  that  he  shrank  from 
rough  contact  with  the  world,  and  that  his  circle  of  intimate  friends  was 
not  large,  nor  that  in  that  circle  he  was  the  most  warm-hearted,  sympa- 
thetic and  trust-worthy. 

But  his  conscientiousness  was,  perhaps,  the  most  striking  of  his  moral 
characteristics.  With  him  the  appreciation  of  a  duty  insured  its  perform- 
ance, no  matter  what  the  cost  or  self-sacrifice  involved.  United  with  it 
was  a  certain  chivalrousness  of  spirit,  under  the  influence  of  which,  shy 
and  gentle  as  was,  he  was  ready  to  do  and  suffer  anything  in  the  defense 
and  performance  of  what  he  deemed  the  right. 

Though  to  a  man  thus  constituted,  a  military  life  could  present  but  few 
attractions.  Dr.  Haven  did  not  hesitate  when  the  appeal  came  for  troops. 
Duty  seemed  to  call  him  and  that  was  enough.  Appointed  assistant  sur- 
geon of  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  —  the  first  regiment  of  three 
years'  troops  recruited  in  Worcester  county,  —  he  cheerfully  departed  for 
the  seat  of  war  in  August,  1861,  never  again  to  return  to  the  city  of  his 
residence,  until,  nearly  eighteen  months  afterwards,  he  was  borne  through 
its  hushed  streets,  with  solemn  honors,  to  his  lowly  resting-place. 

Space  will  not  permit  to  follow  Surgeon  Haven  with  anything  like  mi- 
nuteness through  his  mihtary  career.  Only  a  few  of  the  many  facts  and 
incidents  at  hand  can  be  used,  illustrating  the  character  of  his  devotion  to 
duty. 

Though  in  the  service  about  a  year  and  a  half,  he  never  asked  leave  of 
absence  to  revisit  his  home,  nor,  it  is  believed,  was  he  ever  absent  from 
his  post  for  a  single  day,  except  on  imperative  business.  Much  of  the 
time  while  assistant  surgeon,  owing  to  the  illness  or  absence  of  his  supe- 
rior medical  officer,  he  had  the  sole  charge  of  the  sick  and  wounded  of  his 


468  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

regiment ;  yet  his  letters  do  not  breathe  one  word  of  complaint,  nor  even 
a  suggestion  that  his  path  of  duty  was  a  hard  one. 

He  early  arrived  at  the  conviction,  —  eventually  fatal  to  himself, —  that  it 
was  the  duty  of  a  surgeon  to  follow  his  regiment  into  actual  battle,  so  that 
he  might  be  near  at  hand  to  succor  the  wounded.  The  counter-argument, 
that  on  a  battle-field  the  life  of  a  surgeon  was  much  more  valuable  than 
that  of  any  one  whom  he  would  be  likely  to  save  by  this  undue  exposure, 
and  the  representation  that  the  wounded  might  be  readily  brought  to  him 
in  some  place  of  comparative  safety,  availed  nothing.  His  opinion  was 
inflexible,  and  he  ever  acted  upon  it  with  an  utter  disregard  of  danger, 
that  would  have  won  distinguished  promotion  to  any  line  officer  in  the 
service. 

At  Ball's  Bluflf,  indeed,  he  was  not  with  his  regiment  in  the  conflict 
itself;  but,  in  his  station  on  Harrison's  Island,  in  the  middle  of  the  Poto- 
mac, he  was  by  no  means  out  of  danger  ;  for  at  one  time,  as  he  says  in  his 
short  letter  of  October  24, '  the  bullets  poured  in  upon  us  hke  hailstones.' 
Another  brief  extract  from  the  same  letter  shows  how  little  he  regarded 
himself.  One  of  the  boats  in  which  the  wounded  were  removed  had 
swamped.  '  It  seemed  an  impossibility  to  get  the  wounded  off"  before 
morning,  and  we  were  sure  of  being  shelled  out  by  daylight.  Dr.  H^ay- 
ward  —  Twentieth  Regiment  —  and  I,  decided  to  remain  and  be  taken, 
and  get  off  what  men  we  could.'     This  calamity  was  fortunately  averted. 

At  Yorktown,  the  next  summer,  he  put  his  principle  of  conduct  into  lit- 
eral application,  in  coolly  taking  his  seat  on  a  log  a  few  feet  in  the  rear  of 
his  regiment,  one  day  when  it  was  supporting  a  battery,  equally  regardless 
of  the  shells  of  the  enemy  and  the  solicitations  of  his  brother  surgeons 
who  besought  him  to  fall  back  with  them  but  a  few  rods  to  a  place  of 
security. 

At  Fair  Oaks  he  bore  himself  with  distinguished  intrepidity,  attending 
to  his  surgical  duties  in  the  very  midst  of  the  conflict,  while  wounded  and 
unwounded  men  with  whom  he  was  conversing,  were  shot  dead  at  his 
feet.  His  personal  experiences  on  that  eventful  day,  did  space  permit  the 
detailing  of  them,  would  be  highly  interesting,  though  in  his  letter  to  his 
father  he  says,  with  characteristic  shyness,  they  '  concern  nobody  but  you 
and  me.' 

From  Harrison's  Landing,  under  date  of  July  13,  1862,  he  writes  :  — 

'  I  am  surprised  to  hear  from  you,  that  my  name  has  been  mentioned 
in  connection  with  the  Thirty-fourth.  I  am  obliged  to  my  friends  that 
may  have  suggested  it ;  but  I  really  do  not  wish  to  leave  the  Fifteenth. 
There  is  already  evidence  of  too  much  desire  on  the  part  of  officers  to  get 
leave  of  absence  for  the  sake  of  procuring  higher  appointments  in  new 
regiments.' 

He  was  soon  after  rewarded  for  his  constancy  by  being  promoted  to 
the  surgeonship  of  his  own  regiment,  on  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Bates. 


SAMUEL    FOSTER    HAVEN,   JR.  469 

His  personal  adventures  at  Antietam  cannot  be  made'  more  interesting 
than  in  his  own  words,  under  date  of  September  24,  1862  : — 

'  As  our  brigade  advanced  in  line  of  battle,  under  fare  from  the  rebel 
batteries.  General  Gorman,  (why  I  know  not),  ordered  me  to  the  left  of  the 
line,  thus  bringing  me  with  the  Thirty-fourth  New  York  Regiment.  This 
regiment  became  first  engaged  with  the  enemy,  and  partly  from  the 
deadly  fire,  and  partly  from  the  breaking  of  the  regiment  on  its  left, 
(of  another  brigade),  the  Thirty-fourth  gave  way  itself.  With  other 
officers,  I  did  my  best  to  rally  the  men,  and  only  with  partial  success. 
General  Sedgwick,  who  was  at  this  part  of  the  line,  had  his  horse  shot, 
and  was  wounded  in  two  places.  I  looked  at  his  wounds,  and  advised 
him  to  go  to  the  rear,  but  he  would  not,  and  I  then  oflered  him  my 
horse,  but  his  wrist  was  broken,  and  he  could  not  well  ride.  .  .  . 

During  this  time  the  rest  of  the  brigade  had  become  separated,  and 
were  far  to  the  right.  I  rode  hither  and  thither  all  over  the  field,  trying 
in  vain  to  find  the  Fifteenth.  At  last  I  stumbled  upon  all  that  was  left,  — 
about  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  men. 

The  colonel  desired  me  to  try  and  get  the  body  of  Captain  Simonds, 
which  had  been  brought  part  way  back.  Taking  an  ambulance,  I  found  it, 
and  while  putting  it  in,  was  called  some  way  to  the  front  to  see  Colonel 
Wristar  of  the  California  regiment.  While  hastily  dressing  his  wounds, 
word  was  brought  that  the  rebel  skirmishers  were  close  upon  us. 
Colonel  Wristar  thought  he  could  walk,  but  while  heljDing  him  out  he 
fainted,  and  I  had  just  brought  him  to,  when  his  own  surgeon  appeared. 

The  fight  was  expected  to  be  renewed  the  next  morning,  but  both  sides 
rested  on  their  arms.  A  lot  of  our  killed  and  wounded  lay  beyond  our 
lines,  and  within  those  of  the  rebels.  I  made  several  vain  efforts  to  get 
at  them,  and  particularly  to  find  Tom  Spurr,  riding  even  beyond  our  own 
pickets,  and  within  half-gunshot  distance  of  the  rebel  pickets,  who  were  in 
plain  sight.  Towards  night  I  went  with  Colonel  Lee  of  the  Twentieth, 
and  a  flag  of  truce,  over  to  the  rebels  to  get  permission  to  bury  our  dead 
and  carry  off  the  wounded.  We  parleyed  some  time  with  several  staff 
officers,  and  finally  with  General  Fitz-Hugh  Lee  himself;  but  permission 
would  not  be  given,  unless  an  arrangement  had  been  made  between  the 
commanders  of  the  two  forces  themselves. 

During  the  night  the  enemy  returned,  and  early  in  the  morning  we  went 
over  and  found  our  dead  and  wounded,  —  an  awful  sight.  The  rebels, 
however,  had  been  kind  to  our  wounded,  and  got  them  within  and  around 
a  barn  with  large  haystacks.' 

Surgeon  Haven's  last  hasty  note  (from  Falmouth,  opposite  Fredericks- 
burg) bears  date  December  9.  At  the  close  of  it,  he  thus  refers  to  the 
preparatory  orders  for  the  disastrous  battle  of  the  thirteenth  :  — '  We 
have  this  moment  received  orders  to  leave  to-morrow  morning,  right  away 
after  breakfast,  three  days'  rations  issued  to  oflicers  and  men,  and  sixty 


470  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

rounds  of  ammunition  to   each  man.      This  looks   like    moving,  and  it 
remains  to  be  seen  what  will  be  done.' 

What  tuas  done  can  be  read,  not  only  in  his  own  epitaph,  but  in  the 
broken  hearts  and  desolate  homes  of,  alas  !  how  many.  A  portion  of  the 
sad  story  can  best  be  told  in  the  words  of  his  superior  officer,  Surgeon 
Sherman.  After  speaking  of  his  '  sacrifices  to  duty,'  and  '  utter  disregard 
of  danger,'  he  says  : 

'  Witnessing  his  self-exposure  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  I  had,  as 
medical  director  of  the  Second  Division,  detailed  your  son,  in  a  written 
order,  in  the  event  of  a  battle,  to  repair  to  the  Division  Hospital,  and  give 
his  services  there  instead  of  in  the  field  with  his  regiment.  When  I  com- 
municated this  order  to  your  son,  he  evidently  felt  disappointed.  He 
expressed  a  strong  choice  to  go  wherever  his  regiment  went ;  and  when 
the  column  to  which  the  Fifteenth  Massachusetts  was  attached  was  about 
to  pass  over  the  bridge  in  front  of  Fredericksburg,  he  was  expostulated 
with,  and  reminded  of  the  previous  order,  but  he  asked  as  a  special  favor 
to  be  allowed  to  go  with  his  regiment,  and  said  that  as  soon  as  the  fight 
was  done,  he  would  return  to  the  hospital  and  remain  there.' 

Only  a  short  time  after,  while  marching  through  the  streets  of  the  city 
by  the  side  of  his  regiment,  toward  the  position  assigned  it  in  that  day's 
battle,  he  was  struck  in  the  leg  by  a  casual  shell  from  the  enemy's  bat- 
teries. Taken  back  to  the  nearest  hospital,  it  was  for  a  time  hoped  that 
an  amputation  might  save  his  life  ;  but  he  never  rallied  from  the  shock. 
And  so,  cheerful  in  his  agony,  upheld  by  the  consciousness  of  duty  per- 
formed, in  that  shattered  building,  even  then  rent  by  an  occasional  shell, 
adding  fresh  confusion  and  horror  to  the  scene,  —  surrounded  by  the  dying 
and  dead,  amid  the  groans  of  those  to  assuage  whose  early  pangs  he  had 
ventured  and  suffered  all,  —  the  patriot  passed  away  ;  and  his  gentle  spirit, 
answering  to  the  roll-call  of  the  mighty  cannonade,  took  its  place  in  the 
great  army  which  that  night  encamped  in  the  heavenly  fields." 

The  following  lines  from  the  pen  of  Rev,  D.  A,  Wasson,  and  ■ 
inscribed   to   the   memory   of  Dr.    Haven,   appeared  in   the 
Daily  Spy,  December  30,  1862, 

"  With  skillful  touch  he  turned  away 
Death's  wishful  hand  from  wounded  men  ; 
But  when  was  done  that  doleful  day, 
The  living  laid  him  with  the  slain. 

Thy  hurt  to  heal,  O  native  land  ! 
What  mortal  might  he  did  and  dared  : 
And  when  all  service  of  his  hand 
Seemed  not  enough,  his  heart  he  bared, 


JAMES  STUART. EDWIN    H.    BLISS.  47 1 

And  laid  his  life  upon  thy  heart, 
By  losing  all,  to  make  thee  whole  ; 
But  could  not  lose  his  high  desert 
And  place  on  Memory's  record-roll. 

And  when  that  sacred  roll  she  calls, 
The  word,  perchance,  will  reach  his  ear, 
And  he  shall  from  the  eternal  halls. 
Among  God's  angels,  answer,  '  Here.' 

We  will  not  deem  his  life  was  brief. 
For  noble  death  is  length  of  days  ; 
The  sun  that  ripens  autumn's  sheaf 
Has  poured  a  summer's  wealth  of  rays." 

James  Stewart. 
Young  Stewart  died  at  Newbern,  and  his  remains  arrived  in 
Worcester  January  29,  1863.  He  was  buried  from  the  house 
of  his  father,  Southbridge  Street,  on  Sunday  afternoon,  Feb- 
ruary I.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment, 
and  was  twenty-four  years  of  age.  As  a  member  of  the  band, 
and  as  a  friend,  he  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  comrades. 

Edwin  H.  Bliss. 
This  brave  young  soldier  was  a  member  of  the  Fifty-first 
Regiment,  and  was  a  corporal  in  company  C.  His  age  was 
twenty-one  years.  He  was  the  son  of  Mr.  Edward  E.  Bliss 
of  this  city.  Being  a  young  man  of  excellent  disposition, 
intelligent  and  well-educated,  he  was  missed  and  mourned  by 
many  friends.  He  went  to  the  war  cheerfully,  but  as  one  im- 
pelled by  a  sacred  sense  of  duty.  And  as  he  had  been  faith- 
ful in  every  trust  at  home,  so  he  was  a  brave  and  faithful 
soldier.  A  twin  brother,  Edward  M.  Bliss,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Fifteenth,  and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Antietam.  The  funeral  of  Edwin  H.  Bliss  took  place  at  noon, 
Sunday,  March  i,  1862,  at  Salem  Street  Church.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Richardson  conducted  the  solemn  services.  The  Home 
Guards  were  present,  and  did  escort  duty  while  the  body  was 
conveyed  to  the  Rural  Cemetery. 


472  WORCESTER   IN    THE   WAR. 

Charles  H.  Smith. 
The  funeral  of  Mr.  Smith  took  place  at  the  residence  of  his 
step-father,  James  H.  Osgood,  Esq.,  on  the  afternoon  of  Sun- 
day, March  i,  1863,  R^v.  E.  Cutler  conducting  the  services. 
He  was  a  member  of  company  D,  Fifty-first  Regiment.  His 
remains  were  taken  to  Springfield,  on  Monday,  for  interment, 
in  charge  of  a  detachment  of  the  Highland  Cadets. 

Eugene  W.  Stratton. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Fifty-first  Regiment,  which  lost  a 
large  number  of  young  men  by  sickness,  while  in  North  Caro- 
lina. He  was  buried  from  the  Third  Baptist  Church  on 
Tuesday  morning,  the  third  of  March,  1863.  Rev.  Mr.  Ban- 
vard,  who  officiated  at  the  funeral,  paid  a  high  tribute  to  the 
Christian  character  and  the  manly  virtues  of  the  deceased. 
The  Home  Guards  attended  in  a  body,  and  did  escort  duty. 
The  remains  were  placed  in  the  tomb  in  the  Rural  Cemetery. 

Charles  W.  Haven. 

Another  of  the  Fifty-first  Regiment.  His  remains,  and 
those  of  Henry  G.  Longley  and  George  D.  Rice,  all  of  com- 
pany C,  were  brought  home  at  the  same  time.  A  letter  from 
Captain  John  S.  Baldwin,  dated  in  the  latter  part  of  February, 
mentions  thirteen  deaths  as  having  occurred  since  the  open- 
ing of  the  year  1863.  The  malady  was  called  a  "mysterious 
disease,  affecting  the  brain  and  spinal  cord."  Quite  a  number 
died  after  the  date  of  the  letter. 

The  funeral  services  of  young  Haven  were  held  in  Salem 
Street  Church,  Sunday  afternoon,  March  29,  being  conducted 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson.  The  Home  Guards,  under  Colonel 
Phillips,  performed  their  usual  part,  by  doing  escort  duty.  A 
large  number  of  the  friends  of  the  deceased  were  present. 

Henry  G.  Longley. 
The  funeral  of  Mr.  Longley  took  place  at  the  Main  Street 
Baptist  church,  on  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  March  31,  1863. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  company  C,  of  the  Fifty-first  Regi- 


JAMES    R.    ESTEY.  473 

ment.  His  age  was  about  twenty-one,  and  previous  to  his 
sickness,  he  was  one  of  the  stoutest  and  healthiest  men  in  the 
regiment.  He  was  loved  by  all  his  comrades,  who  deeply 
•  felt  his  loss  and  lamented  his  early  death.  He  was  impelled 
into  the  service  by  his  ardent  patriotism.  He  was  "  noble 
and  generous,  strictly  just,  honorable  and  manly  in  his  busi- 
ness and  social  relations,  and  warmly  attached  to  his  friends." 
He  was  married  soon  after  his  enlistment. 

Young  Rice,  mentioned  above,  was  buried  at  Auburn,  the 
Home  Guard  doing  escort  duty. 

James  R.  Estey. 
This  was  another  member  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment. 
He  died  at  Newbern.  A  large  number  of  relatives  and 
friends  mourned  his  decease.  His  funeral  was  attended  at 
the  Old  South  Church,  on  Saturday  morning,  January  31, 
1863,  the  Rev,  Mr,  Cutler  conducting  the  service.  The 
church  was  thronged  with  those  who  wished  to  do  honor  to 
the  youthful  soldier.  Members  of  the  High  School,  and 
others  who  cherished  personal  friendship  for  him  were  present. 
The  Home  Guards  were  out  in  full  ranks,  and  did  escort  duty. 
The  remains  were  placed  in  the  Grove  Street  Cemetery,  and 
the  usual  salute  was  fired  over  them.  He  was  an  only  son. 
His  classmates  in  the  High  School  passed  the  following  res- 
olutions. 

"  W/iereas,  We  have  heard  with  sorrow  that  it  has  pleased  God  to 
recall  his  own,  our  friend  and  schoolmate,  James  R.  Estey,  while  in  the 
service  of  his  country,  by  a  painful  and  lingering  disease,  after  having 
passed  heroically  through  the  carnage  and  strife  of  battle,  therefore 

Resolved,  That  while  we  feel  assured  that  his  unchained  spirit  has  but 
flown  to  its  gracious  Master,  whom  the  youthful  patriot,  while  surrounded 
by  the  dangers  and  hardships  of  war,  was  accustomed  to  worship  and 
reverence,  yet  his  early  fall  has  cast  a  gloom  upon  our  hearts,  and  we 
tender  to  his  afflicted  family  our  sincere  condolements  in  this  so  great 
bereavement," 


474  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Charles  H.  Cutting. 

He  was  a  corporal  in  Captain  Baldwin's  company  in  the 
Fifty-first  Regiment,  under  command  of  Colonel  Sprague. 
He  died  at  Newbern,  of  congestive  fever.  Captain  Baldwin 
wrote  as  follows  in  reference  to  Cutting.  "  Another  brave, 
true,  manly  fellow  is  gone  from  my  company.  He  was  a  vic- 
tim of  fever  and  died  on  the  twenty-fourth  of  January,  1863. 
He  was  aged  21.  He  is  a  son  of  N.  H.  Cutting  of  Worcester. 
He  will  be  greatly  missed  in  company  F,  and  in  the  regiment, 
where  he  was  very  popular.  Refined,  intelligent,  patriotic,  he 
has  freely  offered  his  life  for  his  country.  How  many  young 
men  in  Worcester  are  there  who  deserve  such  honorable  men- 
tion as  this  noble  son  of  Massachusetts  ? " 

The  funeral  of  young  Cutting  took  place  at  the  Mission 
Church,  on  the  afternoon  of  Saturday,  the  seventh  of  Febru- 
ary, 1863.  The  chapel  was  crowded  with  friends  who  took 
this  opportunity  to  testify  their  respect.  The  services  were 
conducted  by  Rev.  Mr.  Cutler,  and  were  very  impressive. 
The  Home  Guards  were  in  attendance,  and  did  escort  duty. 
The  remains  were  deposited  in  the  tomb  at  Grove  Street 
Cemetery. 

General  George  B.  Boomer. 
Though  General  Boomer  entered  the  service  from  a  west- 
ern state,  yet  his  connection  with  Worcester  was  such  that  a 
notice  of  him  finds  an  appropriate  place  in  these  pages.  He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  J.  B.  Boomer,  a  resident  of  this  city,  at 
the  time  of  his  —  General  Boomer's  —  death,  and  he  received 
his  education  at  the  Worcester  Academy.  Sutton  was  his 
birth-place.  His  remains  repose  in  the  Rural  Cemetery. 
His  funeral  was  attended  at  the  Third  Baptist  Church,  on 
Sunday,  June  28,  1863,  by  an  audience  which  filled  the  house 
to  its  utmost  capacity.  The  members  of  the  city  government 
were  present.  The  State  Guard,  and  the  Highland  Cadets 
were  out  in  full  ranks,  accompanied  by  the  Cornet  Band. 
Brigadier-General  Devens  attended,  and  the  governor  was 
represented  by  Colonel  Wetherell  of  the  staff.     There  were 


GENERAL  GEORGE  E.  BOOMER.  475 

twenty-seven  carriages  in  the  funeral  cortege.  The  pall- 
bearers were  Colonel  Pickett,  Majors  McCafiferty  and  McCon- 
ville,  Provost  Marshal  S.  V.  Stone,  Captain  Church  Howe, 
Captain  Wageley,  and  Lieutenant  Charles  F.  Tew,  A  floral 
cross  was  suspended  in  front  of  the  pulpit,  and  the  casket, 
draped  with  the  national  colors,  was  profusely  decked  with 
bouquets  and  wreaths  of  flowers. 

•  The  Rev.  Mr.  Banvard  conducted  the  services,  and  gave  a 
brief  account  of  General  Boomer's  military  life.  The  choir 
sang  Collins'  ode,  commencing  with  these  lines  : 

"  How  sleep  the  brave  who  sink  to  rest, 
By  all  their  country's  wishes  blest." 

Mr.  Banvard  then  proceeded  to  say  that  General  Boomer 
was  "  born  in  Sutton,  and  was  early  remarkable  for  his  strong 
attachment  to  home  and  his  love  of  mental  cultivation.  He 
received  his  academic  education  at  the  Worcester  Manual 
Labor  High  School,  then  so  called,  now  the  Worcester 
Academy,  and  was  intending  to  go  through  a  collegiate  course, 
but  his  eyesight  failing  him,  he  turned  his  attention  to  busi- 
ness, going  to  St.  Louis  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  where  by  his 
success  in  bridge-building,  and  other  enterprises  in  Illinois,  he 
built  up  a  handsome  fortune."  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
rebellion  he  raised  a  regiment  in  Missouri,  and  entered  with 
his  whole  soul  into  the  struggle  for  the  Union.  He  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  coolness  and  intrepidity  at  the  battle  of 
luka,  where  he  received  two  severe  wounds,  which  disabled 
him  for  a  month.  He  then  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  was 
placed  by  General  Grant,  as  a  mark  of  his  confidence,  in  com- 
mand of  a  brigade,  including  five  regiments.  At  the  battle  of 
the  Big  Black  his  bravery  and  conduct  were  conspicuous,  and 
he  was  made  brigadier-general  by  brevet.  He  participated  in 
every  engagement  in  the  campaign  of  General  Grant,  from  the 
opening  of  the  year  1863,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  This 
occurred  at  the  battle  of  Champion  Hill,  on  the  twenty-second 
of  May,  where  he  was  killed  by  a  rebel  bullet  which  struck 
his  head,  near  sunset.  In  this  sanguinary  battle,  he  greatly 
added  to  his  reputation  as  a  brave  and  skillful  officer.     He 


476  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

led  fifteen  hundred  men  into  this  action,  of  whom  five  hundred 
and  fifty-seven  were  killed,  wounded  or  missing,  at  the  close 
of  the  day.  Mr.  Banvard  read  the  last  letter  written  by  the 
general  to  his  friends  at  home.  It  was  intensely  patriotic, 
and  somewhat  prophetic  of  his  own  coming  fate.  A  merited 
tribute  was  paid  to  his  eminent  worth,  by  the  speaker,  as 
good,  brave,  generous,  and  as  having  hosts  of  friends  both 
east  and  west,  who  mourned  his  early  but  heroic  death. 

Brigadier-General  William  N.  Green,  Jr. 
A   relative  of  General  Green  has  furnished  the  following 
elegant  notice  of  his  military  career. 

"  The  elder  son  of  William  N.  Grecn^  Esq.,  of  Worcester,  was  born  on 
the  tenth  day  of  January  in  the  year  1843.  Receiving  the  preliminaries 
of  his  education  in  the  common  schools,  he  graduated  at  the  High 
School,  and  was  diverted  from  his  contemplated  collegiate  course  by 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  A  disposition  enterprising  and  adventur- 
ous had  been  cultivated  from  childhood  by  constant  expeditions  with  his 
father  in  search  of  the  game  of  the  woods  and  the  streams,  and  in  this 
way  he  acquired  remarkable  personal  strength  and  power  of  endurance, 
and  skill  and  freeness  in  the  handling  of  arms. 

The  excitement  incident  to  the  general  preparations  for  the  war  natur- 
ally stirred  such  a  character  deeply,  and  he  was  inclined  to  enlist  as  a 
soldier  in  the  ranks.  This  inclination  constantly  grew  upon  him.  Hav- 
ing occasion  to  visit  the  city  of  New  York,  he  aided  in  forming  a  regiment 
there,  and  was  offered  in  it  the  position  of  second  lieutenant,  but  preferred 
to  return  to  his  native  city  to  take  a  place  in  the  ranks  of  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Regiment  which  was  then  organizing.  Having  enlisted,  he  was 
immediately  made  corporal,  and  proceeded  with  the  regiment  from  Wor- 
cester to  Roanoke  Island.  His  energy  and  soldierly  capacities  were  soon 
observed,  and  he  was  offered  a  second  lieutenancy  in  the  One  Hundred 
and  Second  Regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers.  With  this  regiment  he 
was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  was  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Confederates  and  carried  to  Libby  Prison,  Richmond,  where  he  remained 
a  prisoner  for  forty-six  days,  enduring  the  privations  of  his  confinement, 
which  were  by  no  means  inconsiderable,  with  fortitude  and  even  with 
cheerfulness.  Being  exchanged,  he  was  shortly  thereafter  engaged  with 
his  regiment  in  the  remarkable  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  rallying  and 
encouraging  his  men,  and  displaying  a  determination  and  personal  bravery 
that  have  but  few  parallels  in  the  annals  of  the  war.  With  his  own  hands 
and  by  his  own  strength  he  captured  the  flag  from  the  color-sergeant  of  a 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL    WILLIAM    N,    GREEN,   JR.  477 

Georgia  regiment,  and  brought  in  three  prisoners  ;  a  cajDtain,  the  color- 
sergeant,  and  a  private. 

Special  mention  was  made  of  his  bravery  in  the  battle  in  the  orders  of 
the  day,  and  he  was  presented  by  the  general  in  command  on  the  field 
with  the  sword  of  the  officer  he  had  captured,  and  was  promoted  to  a 
captaincy.  Soon  after  he  was  offered  the  position  of  lieutenant-colonel  in 
the  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-third  Regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers. 
He  proceeded  immediately  to  New  Orleans  to  join  his  regiment,  then 
destined  to  form  a  jDart  of  the  Red  River  Expedition  which  moved  from 
New  Orleans  about  the  first  of  March,  1864.  On  the  long  march  through 
the  enemy's  country,  much  of  the  care  and  discipline  of  the  regiment 
devolved  on  its  lieutenant-colonel.  Several  sharp  and  active  skirmishes 
were  encountered  in  which  he  took  a  prominent  part,  and  in  one  he  was 
supposed  to  have  been  shot.  His  vigilant,  energetic,  and  intelligent 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  regiment,  commanded  the  warm  approval 
of  his  superior  officers.  He  was  appointed  president  of  courts-martial,  for 
the  trial  of  offences  punishable  with  death,  and  discharged  these  respon- 
sible duties  with  singular  good  judgment.  His  written  orders  and  com- 
munications were  characterized  by  language  peculiarly  terse,  clear  and 
decided. 

On  the  eighth  of  April  the  expedition  encountered  the  main  body  of  the 
enemy  in  the  vicinity  of  Mansfield.  A  battle  ensued  under  General 
Banks,  whose  line  soon  gave  way  and  retreated  in  discomfiture  to  Pleasant 
Hill.  As  the  colonel  of  the  regiment  had  assumed  command  of  the 
brigade,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Green  took  its  command  from  about  ten 
o'clock  P.M.,  of  the  eighth,  and  retained  it  until  about  two  o'clock  p.m.,  of 
the  ninth  of  April.  He  fought  with  the  regiment  until  forced  to  fall  back 
with  the  brigade  to  Pleasant  Hill,  where  he  arrived  at  about  daylight  the 
next  morning.  His  v/atchfulness  and  vigilance  on  this  occasion  Were 
conspicuous. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  ninth  of  April,  the  battle  of  Pleasant  Hill  com- 
menced, and  after  a  fierce  engagement,  the  confederates  were  checked,  and 
some  of  the  guns  that  had  been  been  lost  were  retaken.  The  attack  of 
the  enemy  was  sudden.  The  regiment  was  steady  in  delivering  its  fire. 
It  went  into  action  about  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  strong,  and  came 
out  with  a  loss  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-four  prisoners,  and  about  sixty 
killed  and  wounded. 

Colonel  Green  was  severely  wounded  in  the  left  arm  about  the  first 
fire,  and  was  taken  to  Grand  Ecore  about  thirty-five  miles  from  the 
battle  field,  undergoing  the  surgical  operation  of  resection  on  the 
way.  Thence  he  was  removed,  per  steamer,  to  a  New  Orleans 
hospital,  where  he  arrived  on  the  fourteenth  of  April.  After  much  suffer- 
ing, his  arm  was  amputated  on  the  seventh  of  May.  He  remained  hope- 
ful of  recovery  and  of  clear  intellect  until  the  thirteenth,  the  last  day  of  his 


478  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

life,  when  he  wandered  in  mind,  imagining  himself  in  the  shock  of  battle 
as  general  in  command.     His  last  words  were  '  Good  bye,  all.' 

His  remains,  attended  by  a  military  escort,  were,  after  appropriate "  reli- 
gious ceremonies  at  Christ  Church,  New  Orleans,  accompanied  to  Wor- 
cester under  an  escort  detailed  for  this  duty.  A  public  funeral  was  voted 
by  the  City  Council  of  Worcester,  which  took  place  on  the  first  of  June. 
A  procession  consisting  of  the  military,  the  mayor  and  city  authorities, 
and  a  large  concourse  of  citizens,  followed  from  his  father's  house  to  his 
resting  place.  Thus  passed  away  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  a  gallant  and 
patriotic  soldier,  endeared  to  his  family  by  every  tie  that  affection  and  sym- 
pathy could  weave.  Of  a  brave  and  generous  spirit,  he  was  admired  and 
mourned  by  his  wide  circle  of  comrades  in  arms.  He  had  early  entered 
upon  and  wrestled  successfully  with  very  grave  responsibilities,  requiring 
a  calm  and  instructed  judgment  and  great  administrative  vigor.  His  con- 
stant and  unwearied  attention  to  the  comfort  and  welfare  of  his  soldiers 
gave  him  a  high  place  in  their  esteem,  and  great  influence  over  them, 
and  ensured  a  ready  and  cheerful  obedience.  His  written  orders,  com- 
munications, and  decisions  were  marked  by  completeness  and  correctness 
of  statement.  He  gave  great  jDromise  as  a  forcible  public  speaker.  His 
descriptions  of  natural  scenery  and  of  events  of  which  he  was  witness, 
showed  great  power  and  beauty  of  expression. 

His  grave  is  beside  those  of  his  forefathers  in  the  Green  family  burial 
ground  in  the  Rural  Cemetery  of  Worcester. 

In  honor  of  his  memory,  the  corporation  authorities  of  the  city  of  New 
York  passed  a  series  of  highly  commendatory  resolutions  in  which  the 
"  manly  qualities,  soldierly  abilities,  and  signal  bravery  in  battle,"  of 
Colonel  Green,  were  extolled  as  "  worthy  of  emulation  by  all  our 
soldiers." 

He  was,  by  the  President  and  Senate  of  the  United  States,  duly  commis- 
sioned as  Colonel,  and  by  the  same  authorities,  commissioned  Briga- 
dier-General." 

Owen  Trainor,  and  Charles  B.  O'Rourke. 
These  were  members  of  the  Emmet  Guards,  and  did  ser- 
vice in  company  I,  of  the  Fiftieth  Regiment.  They  died  in 
the  field,  and  were  'buried  at  Port  Hudson.  Their  remains 
were  brought  home,  and  on  the  eighth  of  February,  1864, 
funeral  services  in  their  honor  took  place  in  St.  John's  Church, 
high  mass  being  celebrated  on  the  occasion.  The  members 
of  the  Emmet  Guards  who  were  in  the  city,  paid  the  last  trib- 
ute of  respect  to  the  memory  of  their  comrades. 


CHARLES    H.    BOSWELL.  479 

P.  J.   McCONVILLE. 

This  was  another  member  of  the  Emmet  Guards,  and  a 
brother  of  Captain  Henry  McConville.  His  funeral  services 
were  conducted  at  St.  John's  Church,  on  Wednesday  morning, 
February  lo,  1864,  and  he  was  buried  with  mihtary  ceremo- 
nies. 

Lewis  M.  Brooks. 
He   was  a  member   of  the   Thirty-sixth    Regiment.     His 
funeral  was  attended  at  the  chapel  of  the  Central  Church,  on 
the  afternoon  of  Saturday,  March  5,  1864.     The  State  Guard, 
in  full  ranks,  did  escort  duty  on  the  occasion. 

John  D.  Mirick. 
When  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  was  formed  in  Worces- 
ter, Mr.  Mirick  enlisted.  In  May,  1863,  he  was  commissioned 
as  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Regiment,  North  Carolina 
Volunteers,  (colored).  Not  long  previous  to  the  battle  of 
Olustee,  Florida,  he  was  promoted  as  first  lieutenant.  In  the 
above-named  battle,  he  was  wounded.  Having  been  removed 
to  the  hospital  at  Beaufort,  he  lingered  eight  days,  and  then 
died  at  the  age  of  twenty-four  years. 

Charles  H.  Boswell. 
A  notice  of  his  death  appeared  in  the  Daily  Spy,  March  29, 
1864,  in  which  he  is  spoken  of  in  terms  of  the  deepest  respect 
and  affection.     In  the  words  of  the  writer,  whose  initials  — 
J.  M.  C.  —  will  be  still  recognized  : 

"  Knowing  him  intimately  for  the  last  ten  years,  being  associated  with 
him  most  of  the  time  in  intellectual  and  moral  pursuits,  I  can  bear  testi- 
mony to  his  devotion  to  all  the  great  moral  movements  through  which  we 
as  a  people  have  passed.  Ever  kind  and  generous,  with  a  pleasing  smile 
and  cordial  shake  of  the  hand,  which  at  once  convinced  one  it  was  no  un- 
meaning salutation,  he  was,  as  it  were,  the  very  life  of  his  associates.  .  .  . 
Much  as  he  loved  his  parents,  his  young  and  devoted  wife,  his  large  circle 
of  friends,  and  the  associations  of  which  he  was  an  honored  member,  he 
sacrificed  them  all  upon  the  altar  of  his  country.  .  .  .  With  what  heroic 
fortitude  he  told  the  tale  of  his  watchful,  anxious  care,  as  hour  after  hour 


480  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

he  sat  by  the  sick  bed  of  his  younger  brother,  and  finally  laid  him  in  his 
quiet  grave  !  His  kind  words  to  his  parents,  when  informing  them  of  their 
loss,  spoke  more  for  the  Chistian  and  the  hero  than  any  poor  words  of 
mine.  He  will  be  long  and  kindly  remembered.  So  long  as  men  appre- 
ciate a  beneficent  nature,  a  generous  soul,  the  memory  of  Charles  H. 
Boswell  will  be  revered." 

James  Holden. 
His  remains  were  brought  to  Worcester  on  the  fourth  of 
April,  1863,  from  Falmouth,  Virginia,  where  he  died  in  camp. 
He  was  a  member  of  company  H,  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Reg- 
iment, and  was  a  faithful  soldier.  He  was  buried  under  the 
escort  of  the  Home  Guards,  on  the  fifth  of  April,  according  to 
the  sacred  rites  of  his  church,  the  choir  of  St.  John's  Church 
singing  at  the  funeral. 

Francis  M.  Atherton. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Lewis  conducted  the  funeral  services  in 
honor  of  Mr.  Atherton,  at  the  Laurel  Street  Methodist 
Church,  on  the  afternoon  of  Sunnay,  May  24.  The  remains 
were  escorted  to  Hope  Cemetery,  by  the  Home  Guards.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry. 

William  F.  Gordon. 
The  funeral  of  this  young  soldier,  who  died  at  sea,  on  board 
the  Convoy,  on  her  passage  from  Newborn,  was  attended  at 
the  Old  South  Church,  on  the  afternoon  of  Sunday  July  12, 
at  four  o'clock,  p.  m.  Rev.  Messrs.  Walker  and  St.  John  con- 
ducted the  services.  The  State  Guard  did  escort  duty.  The 
body  was  placed  in  the  tomb,  at  the  time,  and  afterwards  taken 
to  the  residence  of  Gordon's  father  in  Winhall,  Vermont. 

Michael  McDonald. 
Was  a  member  of  the  Emmet  Guards,  under  Captain 
Powers,  and  belonged  to  the  Fiftieth  Regiment.  He  served 
in  the  trenches  before  Port  Hudson,  and  at  the  close  of  a  hard 
campaign,  was  brought  home  to  be  buried.  His  companions 
in  arms  fired  the  volley  over  his  grave.     He  was  buried  on  the 


JOHN    F.    BIXBY.  48 1 

twentieth  of  August,  1863,  with  the  rites  of  his  church,  and 
the  customary  honors. 

Sergeant  John  Hines. 
Another  member  of  the  Emmet  Guards,  and  one  of  the  first 
to  volunteer  for  three  montlis'  service,  when  tlie  rebels 
attacked  Fort  Sumter.  He  afterwards  joined  the  Fiftieth 
Regiment,  nine  montlis'  troops,  in  which  he  was  a  sergeant, 
and  gave  his  life  for  his  country.  He  was  buried  with  mili- 
tary honors. 

John  F.  Bixby. 
This  youthful  soldier  belonged  to  that  remarkable  class  of 
young  men  who,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  seemed 
impelled  by  a  high  sense  of  patriotic  duty  to  engage  in  the 
defense  of  their  country.  They  were  moved,  as  it  were,  by  a 
sacred  and  irresistible  influence.  He  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
Austin  W.  Bixby,  of  this  city,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
had  just  completed  his  seventeenth  year.  Though  so  young, 
and  unaccustomed  to  labor,  he  yet  was  eager  to  incur  all  the 
hardships  of  military  life  in  the  cause  of  his  country.  Twice 
was  he  disappointed  in  his  efforts  to  join  a  company ;  first, 
because  the  company  was  disbanded,  and  next  because  the 
company  was  full,  and  the  young  applicant  must  give  place  to 
those  more  advanced  in  years.  Though  a  dutiful  son,  his  ear- 
nest pleadings  with  his  father  and  mother  finally  obtained 
their  consent  for  him,  though  so  youthful,  to  enlist.  He  was 
so  earnest  for  the  strife,  that,  rather  than  wait  for  the  chance 
of  going  with  personal  friends  in  some  new  regiment,  he  went 
to  Northborough,  and  enlisted  among  entire  strangers,  and 
thus  became  a  member  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  Captain 
Philbrick's  company.  In  a  week  he  bade  a  cheerful  farewell 
to  home,  and  was  off  for  the  war.  He  was  in  the  terrible 
struggle  at  Ball's  Bluff,  and  saved  himself  from  capture  by 
swimming  the  Fotomac.  During  two  years  of  heroic  service, 
in  which  he  fought  in  several  battles  and  skirmishes,  and  was 
exposed  to  many  dangers,  he  lost  but  little  time  on  account  of 

31 


482  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

sickness.  The  regiment  was  often  reduced  in  numbers,  but 
he  was  preserved.  At  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg  he 
was  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  but  came  out  unharmed.  His 
heart  never  failed  him,  so  far  as  is  known,  but  he  reposed  on 
the  kind  Providence  of  God.  But  worn  down  and  needing 
rest,  he  was  placed  in  a  responsible  position  in  the  hospital  at 
Gettysburg,  where  care  and  watching,  and  sleepless  nights, 
brought  on  a  fever  of  which  he  died  on  the  twelfth  of  Septem- 
ber, 1863.  He  had  no  bad  habits,  was  pure  and  upright,  and 
his  devotion  to  the  service  was  fervent  to  the  close.  He  sent 
the  following  lines  cut  from  a  paper  to  his  mother,  as  express- 
ive of  his  feelings. 

"  Some  unseen  power  preserved  me 
In  the  wild  and  fearful  fight, 
And  a  strength  heroic  nerved  me 
As  I  struck  for  truth  and  right. 

And  my  heart  is  still  in  keeping 

With  my  country's  glorious  cause ;    . 
And  until  it  ceases  beating 

I'll  defend  her  flag  and  laws." 

Colonel  George  H.  Ward. 

The  military  history  of  Colonel  Ward  will  be  found  in  that 
of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  with  which  he  was  .connected  till 
his  death  on  the  field  of  Gettysburg.  He  was  a  descendant 
of  General  Artemas  Ward,  and  by  his  military  career,  con- 
ferred honor  on  the  family  name.  In  early  life  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  volunteer  militia,  and  was  a  well-trained  and 
skillful  soldier  before  he  went  to  the  war.  He  was  an  active 
and  leading  member  of  the  Worcester  City  Guards,  at  one 
time,  and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  held  the  posi- 
tion of  brigadier-general.  None  of  the  younger  officers  of  the 
regular  army,  were  at  the  time,  better  qualified  to  command  a 
regiment  than  Colonel  Ward.  He  was  an  able,  accomplished 
and  most  gallant  officer. 

He  rendered  zealous  and  efficient  service  when  the  Fif- 
teenth Regiment  was  organized,  and  went  with  it  to  the  seat 


COLONEL  GEORGE  H.  WARD.  483 

of  war  as  lieutenant-colonel.  He  was  unwearied  in  his  en- 
deavors to  give  it  the  most  effective  discipline,  and  to  make 
it  one  of  the  most  efficient  regiments  in  the  army.  In  the 
disastrous  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  he  behaved  with  the  greatest 
coolness  and  courage.  As  stated  in  a  former  chapter,  he  was 
so  severely  wounded  in  that  battle  that  his  leg  was  amputated 
below  the  knee. 

Rendered  incapable  of  service  in  the  field  for  several 
months  by  this  wound,  he  yet,  as  soon  as  possible,  and  while 
suffering  much,  became  very  active  and  successful  in  securing 
recruits  for  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  besides  rendering  great 
assistance  in  organizing  new  regiments.  Friends  advised  him 
to  resign,  but  his  eagerness  to  be  in  the  field  was  such  that  he 
joined  the  army  on  the  Rappahannock,  before  he  was  really 
well  enough  for  service  in  the  field.  He  was  placed  in  com- 
mand of  a  brigade.  He  remained  actively  in  command,  and  in 
spite  of  pain  and  weakness,  marched  with  the  army  from  Fal- 
mouth to  Gettysburg.  A  letter  from  the  latter  place,  dated 
just  before  the  battle,  stated  that  Colonel  Ward  was  quite 
unwell,  but  he  could  not  be  kept  from  sharing  the  danger  and 
doing  the  duty  of  a  soldier  in  that  great  and  prolonged  con- 
test. He  commanded  a  brigade,  and  was  at  the  head  of  his 
men  in  the  thickest  and  fiercest  of  the  battle  on  Thursday. 
He  was  in  Gibbon's  Division  of  the  Second  Corps.  He 
handled  his  men  with  the  utmost  coolness  and  skill,  and 
fought  with  the  most  determined  bravery.  About  six  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  a  minie-ball  struck  him  in  the  thigh  and  sev- 
ered the  femoral  artery.  Pie  bled  to  death,  though  he  lived  in 
an  insensible  condition  until  the  next  morning. 

The  following  particulars  respecting  his  death  are  gathered 
from  a  narrative  drawn  up  by  George  A.  Macker,  a  member 
of  the  Fifteenth,  and  put  into  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Ward.  It 
seems  that  the  death  of  General  Reynolds,  near  the  close  of 
the  first  day  of  the  protracted  battle  of  Gettysburg,  necessi- 
tated a  change  of  corps  and  division  commanders,  by  which 
arrangement  Colonel  Ward  was  put  in  command  of  a  brigade. 

His   troops    arrived   at   the   scene   of    action   about  eight 


484  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

o'clock,  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day  of  the  fight.  They 
halted  about  half  a  mile  in  rear  of  the  First  Corps,  which  was 
in  line  of  battle.  Says  the  narrative,  "  We  halted,  got  our 
breakfast,  and  slept,  those  who  could.  Those  who  could  not 
were  glad  enough  to  lie  down,  as  we  had  marched  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  that  week.  It  was  a  wet,  rainy  day. 
About  two  o'clock  we  were  called  into  line,  and  an  order  from 
General  Meade  was  read  to  us,  telling  us  we  must_;^^'-//^,  for  if 
we  lost,  all  was  lost."  The  contest  was  opened  by  Sickles, 
about  four  in  the  afternoon.  Not  long  after,  Colonel  Ward 
received  orders  to  take  two  regiments  of  his  brigade,  and 
advance  to  the  front  in  an  open  field.  One  of  these  regiments 
was  his  own,  the  Fifteenth.  The  regiment  was  flanked  by 
the  enemy,  and  "  was  very  near  being  taken.  Our  loss  was 
very  heavy,  as  we  had  to  stand  fire  from  all  directions.  At 
this  time,  while  the  colonel  was  doing  all  he  could  to  rally  the 
men,  he  fell." 

Macker  immediately  went  to  his  help,  when  the  colonel 
said,  "  Do  help  me  off."  He  could  stand,  but  was  not  able  to 
walk.  With  the  help  of  another  soldier,  he  was  taken  to  the 
division  hospital,  where  they  arrived  about  eight  o'clock  in  the 
evening.  It  was  found  that  Colonel  Ward  was  wounded  back 
of  the  right  knee.  He  had  bound  his  leg  with  a  handkerchief 
and  there  was  no  bleeding.  By  direction  of  the  surgeon,  he 
was  laid  under  an  apple-tree,  on  hay  obtained  from  a  neigh- 
boring barn  which  was  full  of  wounded  men.  His  blankets, 
taken  from  his  horse,  were  spread  on  the  hay,  and  then  he 
was  covered  by  Macker's  blanket.  Here  he  rested  and  drank 
some  water,  and  expressed  himself  as  feeling  better.  He  also 
drank  a  little  coffee  which  had  been  prepared  for  him.  The 
night  was  changing  into  day  before  any  perceptible  alteration 
was  visible.  Colonel  Ward  slept  several  hours.  About  three 
o'clock  a  change  was  noticed  by  Macker,  who  called  the  sur- 
geon. At  half  past  four  in  the  morning  the  spirit  of  the  brave 
and  capable  soldier  passed  away.  His  remains  were  brought 
home,  and  were  laid  in  the  grave  with  suitable  honors. 

The  funeral  services  took  place  in  Saletn  Street  Church,  on 


COLONEL  GEORGE  H.  WARD.  485 

Wednesday,  July  8,  and  the  general  sympathy  with  his  mourn- 
ing relatives,  and  the  great  sorrow  at  his  death,  were  mani- 
fested by  the  attendance  of  a  large  concourse  of  people.  The 
citizens  in  the  street  were  most  deeply  impressed  with  the 
"  solemn  spectacle  of  the  funeral  procession,  with  its  mourn- 
ful music,  the  brave  heroes  following  their  comrade  to  his 
last  resting-place,  the  riddled  colors  of  the  regiment,  and  the 
long  train  of  relatives  and  friends." 

The  church  was  crowded  by  a  solemn  assembly.  The 
pulpit  and  galleries  were  appropriately  decorated  with  black 
and  white.  Flowers  in  abundance  were  formed  into  beautiful 
bouquets,  and  opposite  the  pulpit  the  name  of  "  Ward  "  was 
suspended,  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  white  lilies  and  other 
white  flowers.  There  were  three  floral  crosses  in  front  of  the 
pulpit. 

The  coffin,  on  which  were  two  swords,  the  cap  and  other 
military  equipments  of  the  deceased,  was  draped  in  the 
American  flag,  and  covered  with  a  profusion  of  white  wreaths 
and  bouquets.  Surrounding  the  pulpit  on  either  side,  were 
the  tattered  and  battle-stained  standards  of  the  regiment. 

The  services  began  at  half-past  four  o'clock.  Rev.  Mr. 
Richardson  reading  a  portion  of  scripture  and  offering  prayer. 
Rev.  Dr.  Hill  read  an  appropriate  hymn.  The  discourse  was 
by  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John,  who,  after  an  appropriate  introduction 
respecting  the  great  doctrine  of  immortality,  gave  a  rapid 
sketch  of  the  life  of  Colonel  Ward,  from  the  time  of  his  first 
joining  the  City  Guards  in  June  1846,  till  his  heroic  death. 
He  was  characterized  by  the  preacher,  as  brave  and  generous, 
and  as  held  in  high  esteem  by  all  his  comrades.  In  closing 
he  said  :  "  Let  the  blessings  of  heaven  rest  upon  him.  Bright 
in  the  galaxy  of  names  making  glorious  our  country's  history, 
shall  forever  stand  proudly  the  name  of  Ward.  Well  might 
General  Sedgwick  say,  '  When  I  wanted  anything  done  and 
could  not  go  myself,  I  sent  the  Ffteenth  Massachusetts,  and 
everything  was  well  done.'  The  best  test  of  their  bravery 
was  the  fact  that  in  the  several  battles  in  which  they  won 
such   immortal  honors,  their  ranks  were  so  reduced    that  at 


486  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

their  first  roll-call  after  the  battle  at  Gettysburg,  but  fifty-six 
were  found  to  answer  to  their  names."  Mr.  St.  John  con- 
cluded with  an  earnest  prayer.  In  the  pulpit  were  Rev. 
Messrs.  Shippen,  Banvard  and  Chapin. 

The  funeral  procession  moved  to  the  cemetery  in  the  fol- 
lowing order,  City  Marshal  Pratt  acting  as  chief  marshal. 
Escort  duty  was  performed  by  the  State  Guard,  Colonel  Phil- 
lips, and  the  Highland  Cadets,  Captain  Anthony,  preceded  by 
the  Cornet  Band.  Next  followed  the  old  City  Guard,  in  full 
dress  uniform,  under  C.  B.  Whiting,  surrounding  the  hearse 
with  the  pall-bearers,  who  were  Captains  Church  Howe,  Amos 
Bartlett,  Walter  Forehand,  and  Lieutenants  A.  L.  Fuller, 
Frazer  Policy  and  James  Taft,  all  formerly  of  the  Fifteenth 
Regiment. 

The  hearse,  drawn  by  four  horses,  was  draped  with  the 
American  flag.  Wounded  oflficers  and  soldiers  in  carriages 
came  next.  Among  them  were  General  Devens,  Captain 
Prince,  Lieutenants  Bigelow  and  Dudley  of  the  Fifteenth,  and 
Sergeant  Plunkett  of  the  Twenty-first  Regiment.  The  past 
members  of  the  Fifteenth,  fifty-seven  in  number,  under  com- 
mand of  Sergeant  Murray,  followed,  the  war-worn  colors,  torn 
and  stained  in  battle,  being  borne  by  Sergeant  O'Neil  and 
Private  Sullivan,  both  of  whom  lost  an  arm  at  Antietam. 
The  Morning  Star  Masonic  Lodge  was  in  the  procession. 
The  ex-mayors  of  the  city  followed,  including  the  venerable 
ex-Governor  Lincoln,  marching  with  firm  tread,  notwith- 
standing his  fourscore  years,  the  whole  distance  on  foot. 
The  mayor  and  other  ofiflcers  of  the  City  Government  came 
in  their  order,  and  were  followed  by  a  large  concourse  of  citi- 
zens on  foot  and  in  carriages. 

The  church  bells  tolled  during  the  procession,  and  masonic 
and  military  services  were  held  at  the  grave,  the  State  Guard 
firing  a  volley.  All  places  of  business  were  closed  while  the 
funeral  procession  was  moving  to  the  cemetery. 

Such  a  demonstration  marked  the  esteem  in  which  Colonel 
Ward  was  held  as  a  citizen,  a  man  and  a  soldier.  The  Spy  of 
the  ninth  of  July  said  of  him  :  "  He  was  one  of  those  patriotic, 


HENRY    GOULDING,    2D.  48/ 

noble  and  heroic  officers  of  our  army  whose  memory  should 
be  kept  green  and  fragrant." 

The  following  resolutions  were  passed  by  the  State  Guard 
in  honor  of  the  memory  of  Colonel  Ward. 

''Resolved,  That  we,  the  State  Guard  of  Worcester,  do  most  truly 
sympathize  with  the  widow  of  the  late  Colonel  George  H.  Ward,  in  her 
affliction  and  sorrow,  and  desire  that  a  remembrance  of  his  many  virtues 
as  husband,  father  and  citizen,  may  be  to  her  a  source  of  comfort. 

Resolved,  That  whereas  many  of  us  were  personally  acquainted  with 
the  deceased  from  his  childhood  to  the  time  of  his  death,  we  can  most 
unreservedly  bear  testimony  to  his  excellence  as  a  citizen,  to  his  loyalty, 
his  patriotism,  and  to  his  bravery  as  a  soldier ;  and  that  he  was  a  most 
kind,  social,  and  estimable  friend,  and  that  in  his  death  we  suffer  great 
loss." 

Henry  Goulding,  2D. 

Mr.  Goulding  was  a  favorable  specimen  of  the  soldiers  who 
went  into  service  under  the  impulse  of  principle.  He 
enlisted  into  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  when  it  was  forming, 
in  1 861,  and  continued  in  the  same  body  by  re-enlistment  till 
his  death.  He  was  killed  near  City  Point,  Virginia,  May 
14,  1864,  by  a  piece  of  shell  which  struck  him  on  his  left 
shoulder,  passing  through  his  vitals.  His  wife  died  just 
before  his  first  enlistment,  and  while  at  home,  in  1864,  on  a 
furlough,  his  little  daughter  was  taken  away.  Like  many  a 
soldier,  engaged  in  rough  work,  he  bore  a  wounded  and  gen- 
tle heart  into  the  strife. 

He  was  a  mechanic,  and  showed  his  rare  taste  and  inge- 
nuity in  making  many  little  articles,  which  he  sent  home  as 
keepsakes  to  his  friends.  He  was  detailed  as  armorer  during 
the  respite  of  his  regiment,  on  account  of  his  mechanical 
genius.  It  is  said  of  him,  that  feeling  "  there  must  be  privates 
as  well  as  officers  in  the  army,  he  was  never  ambitious  of  pro- 
motion, but  was  content  to  go  in  the  ranks  wherever  duty 
called  him."  As  a  good,  brave,  veteran  soldier,  he  fought  and 
died  in  the  cause  of  his  country.  He  was  respected  and 
beloved  by  his  entire  regiment,  who  together  with  a  large 
circle  of  friends  and  relations  in  Worcester,  deeply  mourned 
his  loss. 


488  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR, 

It  was  said  of  him,  "  He  went  to  sleep  on  earth  and  awoke 
in  heaven."  A  letter  written  by  a  member  of  his  company, 
and  printed  in  the  Spy  of  May  23,  says  :  —  "  We  were  all  lying 
flat  on  the  ground,  the  rebels  shelling  us  all  the  time,  and  we 
did  not  notice  that  Henry  was  dead  for  nearly  four  hours. 
We  were  all  terribly  exhausted,  having  been  under  fire  forty- 
eight  hours,  and  many  of  us  were  sleeping,  as  we  supposed  he 
was  until  some  one  noticed  he  did  not  breathe." 

Corporal  Warren  O.  Collester. 

He  was  an  only  son  of  Mr.  Osgood  Collester,  long  known 
in  Worcester  and  in  the  northern  towns  of  the  county,  as  an 
eminent  singer  and  teacher  of  music.  Young  Collester  was 
a  pleasant  and  sprightly  boy  when  the  author  knew  him  in 
Winchendon.  As  he  grew  up,  after  removing  to  this  city,  he 
retained  the  good  traits  of  his  childhood  while  developing  into 
manhood.  He  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  in 
1 86 1,  when  in  his  eighteenth  year  ;  and  in  taking  that  step,  he 
was  moved  simply  by  that  patriotism  which  was  so  admirable 
in  thousands  of  our  youth  in  that  memorable  spring.  With- 
out bounty,  and  with  no  expectation  or  desire  for  promotion, 
he  entered  the  ranks,  saying  :  "  The  work  must  be  done,  and 
I  am  as  able  to  go  as  any  one."  And  so  he  left  a  happy 
home,  the  presence  of  fond  parents  and  the  society  of  affec- 
tionate sisters  and  friends,  with  all  of  whom  he  was  a  favorite, 
to  rough  it  in  the  camp,  and  meet  death  in  the  field.  He  was 
ever  at  his  post,  prompt  in  every  duty,  quiet  and  cheerful  in 
the  time  of  hardest  service  and  greatest  privation,  and  he  had 
won  the  respect  and  confidence  of  his  officers  and  comrades. 
It  is  said  of  him  that  he  performed  his  full  share  in  every 
battle  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged,  and  that  he  would 
not  leave  his  post,  when  the  time  came  for  march  or  fight, 
even  when  his  health  required  quiet,  and  his  officers  urged 
him  to  remain  in  hospital.  His  reply  was  :  "  I  had  rather  go 
with  the  regiment." 

He  was  so  attached  to  his  regiment  that  he  refused  the 
offer   of  promotion  in  another.     His  term    of  service  having 


MAJOR  DEXTER  FRANKLIN  PARKER.  489 

expired,  he  enlisted  again,  that  he  might  "see  the  thing 
through."  And  he  made  an  honorable  record.  Not  his 
friends  merely,  but  his  regiment  and  the  city  of  his  adoption, 
may  well  be  proud  of  such  a  modest,  faithful  and  brave  young 
soldier.  A  private  letter  written  by  a  member  of  the  regi- 
ment, shows  how  much  he  was  esteemed  by  his  comrades 
It  was  written  in  the  latter  part  of  May,  1864,  when  the 
Twenty-fifth  was  almost  daily  bearing  the  brunt  of  battle. 
It  says : 

"  The  regiment  was  in  the  advance  and  suffered  heavily.  Corporal 
Collester  was  shot  through  the  breast  and  died  instantly.  He  was  much 
liked  by  the  regiment,  and  particularly  by  the  company  [K]  who  called 
him  by  the  pet  name  of  '  Collie.'  He  was  of  an  amiable  disposition,  said 
but  little,  and  never  made  an  enemy.  I  can  only  hope  that  he  was  pre- 
pared to  die.  Of  his  parents  and  sisters  he  ever  spoke  with  the  utmost 
respect  and  aifection.  His  smiling  face  will  be  missed  around  our  bivouac 
fire,  and  long  after  Co.  K  shall  have  been  dismissed  to  their  homes,  the 
name  of  '  Collie  '  will  be  cherished  by  those  who  will  never  forget  his 
noble  and  generous  spirit." 

Major  Dexter  Franklin  Parker. 

By  his  own  exertions  Mr.  Parker  rose  steadily  in  public 
estimation,  and  at  his  too  early  death,  had  laid  the  solid  foun- 
dation of  future  influence  and  honor.  Therefore  a  brief 
memoir  of  his  life  and  services  must  not  be  omitted. 

He  was  born  in  Boston  on  the  second  day  of  August,  1828. 
He  was  left  dependent  on  his  own  resources  at  an  early  age, 
by  the  death  of  his  parents.  They  had  moved  to  Milford 
while  he  was  quite  young.  His  mother  died  there  when  he 
was  six  years  of  age,  and  his  father  followed  her  before  their 
son  was  ten.  They  left  a  family  of  seven  penniless  children, 
the  father  having  lost  his  property  in  the  great  financial  panic 
of  1837.  Dexter  was  then  placed  under  the  direction  of  an 
uncle,  a  shoe  manufacturer,  with  whom  he  remained  four  years. 
During  this  time  he  attended  school  several  months  each  win- 
ter, laboring  diligently  the  rest  of  the  year.  He  had  acquired 
a  taste  for  reading,  and  his  mind  turned  to  historical  works, 
and  to  those  which  afford  information,  rather  than  to  fiction 


490  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  light  literature.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  his  own 
master,  and  supported  himself  in  a  respectable  manner. 
Besides  this,  he  attended  several  terms  at  the  Hopkinton 
Academy.  When  he  was  seventeen  he  removed  to  Acton, 
where,  in  1849,  when  he  was  twenty-one  years  old,  he  married 
the  daughter  of  Simon  Tuttle,  Esq.,  a  farmer  and  a  man  of 
affluence.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Worcester,  the  death  of  his 
excellent  wife  being  the  occasion  of  his  change  of  residence. 
Here  he  followed  his  trade,  as  a  boot-cutter,  and  was  faithful 
to  his  calling. 

In  1853  he  married  the  daughter  of  Major  Thomas  Pierce, 
of  Worcester,  and  this  was  his  home  until  he  went  out  to  die 
in  the  service  of  his  country.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
Unitarian  Church,  of  which  Dr.  Alonzo  Hill  was  the  pastor, 
and  was  an  active  and  earnest  teacher  in  the  Sabbath  School. 
He  was  zealous  also  in  the  temperance  reform,  and  correct  in 
all  his  habits.  During  these  years  he  was  a  diligent  reader 
of  useful  books  and  periodicals,  so  that  his  mind  was  a  store- 
house of  facts  which  constantly  occupied  his  thoughts.  He 
was  educating  himself  day  by  day,  yet  never  neglected  his 
business.  Soon  he  began  to  speak  in  public,  but  the  time 
taken  for  reading  or  speaking,  was  not  allowed  to  interfere 
with  his  work.  He  would  return  to  the  shop  and  work  late  to 
make  up  for  lost  time.  In  a  word,  he  was  industrious,  tem- 
perate and  indefatigable. 

He  first  attracted  public  attention  in  a  discussion  about  the 
propriety  of  licensing  a  place,  in  this  city,  for  theatrical  enter- 
tainments, and  though  he  rarely,  if  ever,  lost  any  time  at  such 
scenes,  the  ability  with  which  he  spoke  in  their  favor,  secured 
the  respect  of  those  who  opposed,  as  well  as  those  who  favored 
the  license.  Several  gentlemen  spoke  words  of  kindness  and 
encouragement  to  him,  and  offered  him  the  free  use  of  their 
libraries. 

He  was  fond  of  statistics,  and  early  began  to  write  for 
Hunt's  Commercial  Magazine.  His  articles  evinced  a  rare 
mastery  of  important  facts.  One  was  entitled  "  Russia,  the 
Past  and  Present  of  her  Commerce."     The  "  Dominion  of  the 


MAJOR  DEXTER  FRANKLIN  PARKER.  49 1 

Seas  and  the  Fisheries,"  was  the  subject  of  another.  An 
article  entitled  a  "  Commercial  View  of  the  Russo-Turkish 
Question,"  attracted  considerable  attention  in  high  circles,  at 
home  and  abroad. 

His  public  life  began  when  he  was  twenty-eight,  by  his 
election  as  one  of  the  representatives  of  Worcester  in  the 
General  Court,  in  the  fall  of  1856.  It  is  not  needful  to  enter 
into  the  details  of  his  services  in  either  branch  of  the  legisla- 
ture, nor  of  his  great  exertions  and  influence  as  a  platform 
speaker  during  several  excited  political  campaigns.  By  his 
various  knowledge  of  facts,  his  command  of  a  fluent  and  for- 
cible vocabulary,  and  his  skill  in  "  putting  things,"  he  became 
a  general  favorite.  In  debate  he  was  a  most  formidable  oppo- 
nent. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  House  in  1856  and  1857.  The 
next  two  years  he  was  in  the  Senate;  and  in  i860  he  was 
again  returned  to  the  lower  branch.  Though  a  democrat  in 
earlier  years,  he  was  now  an  earnest  and  untiring  member  of 
the  republican  party.  This  change  in  his  party  connections 
grew  out  of  his  love  of  impartial  freedom,  and  hatred  of 
slavery.  In  the  legislature  he  soon  attracted  attention  and 
acquired  influence,  because  of  his  knowledge,  tact,  and  readi- 
ness for  every  duty  and  emergency.  He  was  an  active  mem- 
ber of  several  committees,  and  often  held  the  place  of  chair- 
man. A  speech  made  by  him  in  March,  1857,  on  the  "  Rights 
of  Juries,"  evinced  considerable  research,  and  was  replete  with 
the  spirit  of  liberty.  A  notice  of  him  which  appeared  while 
he  was  a  member  of  the  legislature,  says  :  — 

"  He  was  decidedly  the  working-man  of  the  session.  Whenever  a 
question  came  before  the  House  in  which  he  was  interested,  and  there 
were  few  in  which  he  was  not,  he  was  almost  always  posted  up  in  the 
matter,  and  backed  by  evidence  which  showed  that  he  had  been  indus- 
trious in  gathering  his  facts  in  favor  or  against  the  measure,  whichever 
way  it  might  be.  He  would  alwaysoppose  any  bill  which  he  thought  was 
wrong,  and  on  one  occasion  especially,  he  succeeded,  almost  alone,  by 
force  of  argument,  in  defeating  a  bill  which  was  advocated  by  all  the 
prominent  legal  men  of  the  House.  His  voice  is  clear  and  distinct,  and 
when  warmly  enhsted  in  his  subject,  he  speaks  rapidly  and  in  a  loud  tone. 


492  WORCESTER    IN    THE   WAR. 

He  is  set  down  in  the  Register  of  the  House  as  a  boot-clicker,  but  he 
exercised  as  much  influence  generally  among  the  members  as  any  other 
person." 

Though  a  man  of  ardent  feelings  and  nervous  temperament, 
his  good  nature  was  imperturbable,  and  he  treated  opponents 
with  courtesy.  As  a  debater  he  had  few  equals,  whether  in 
the  legislature,  or  before  the  people.  The  result  was  that 
while  he  rose  rapidly  in  public  notice,  he  was  laying  a  solid 
foundation  for  public  respect  and  confidence. 

During  the  5^ears  of  his  political  life  he  was  active  in  his 
trade.  "Though  he  engaged  in  political  discussions,  and 
political  movements,  with  all  the  warmth  and  energy  of  his 
nature,  he  never  allowed  politics  to  supersede  his  other  duties, 
and  those  who  knew  him  intimately  remember  how,  night 
after  night,  he  made  up  at  the  bench  the  hours  which  public 
duties  required  him  to  give  to  the  public  service." 

In  addition  to  other  labors,  he  compiled,  during  the  three 
or  four  years  preceding  the  war,  a  large  mass  of  information 
relating  to  the  industrial  achievements  of  the  county  of  Wor- 
cester, from  the  earliest  periods  of  its  history.  The  work  was 
in  manuscript,  when  the  rebellion  broke  out,  and  would  have 
been  soon  completed,  and  probably  given  to  the  press,  if  that 
event  had  not  absorbed  public  attention.  Says  a  journal  of 
the  time  : 

"  He  had  visited  the  several  towns  in  the  county,  and  carefully  and 
minutely  analyzed  their  records,  and  made  from  patient  observation  and 
personal  inquiry,  a  nearly  complete  history  of  the  arts  pursued,  and  the 
persons  who  have  most  promoted  them  within  their  respective  limits.  It 
was  a  unique  and  peculiar  work,  requiring  the  exercise  of  patience,  energy 
and  enthusiasm,  all  of  which  Mr.  Parker  possessed  in  an  eminent 
degree." 

Those  who  knew  him  could  have  no  doubt  of  the  stand  he 
would  take  when  the  attack  was  made  on  Fort  Sumter.  An 
incident  of  his  boyhood  was  strongly  indicative  of  his  charac- 
ter. At  the  beginning  of  the  Mexican  War,  when  he  was 
about  sixteen,  he  went  to  Boston  to  enlist.  He  was  rejected 
on  account   of  his  youth.     He  then  went  down  the  harbor. 


MAJOR  DEXTER  FRANKLIN  PARKER.  493 

found  a  vessel  b^und  for  New  Orleans,  and  worked  his  pas- 
sage to  that  port,  where  he  renewed  his  attempt  to  get  into 
the  army.  Being  again  refused,  he  worked  his  way  back  to 
Massachusetts,  and  thus  was  saved  for  a  nobler  service.  The 
time  for  that  service  came,  and  he  was  ready.  When  the  call 
came  for  troops  to  defend  Washington,  he  started  immediately, 
with  the  understanding  that  he  should  join  the  Light  Infantry 
on  their  arrival  at  the  capital.  Reaching  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment, he  at  once  joined  the  volunteers,  who,  in  support  of  a 
few  regulars,  were  all  the  forces  at  the  disposal  of  the  presi- 
dent, and  available  for  keeping  Washington  from  capture  by 
the  rebels.  When  the  Infantry  arrived,  after  their  bloody 
experience  in  Baltimore,  he  joined  the  ranks,  and  was  inde- 
fatigable as  a  soldier.  There  was  no  duty  which  he  was  not 
ready  to  perform.  At  the  same  time,  his  frequent  letters  to 
friends,  and  to  the  city  papers,  kept  the  public  informed  in 
regard  to  the  condition  of  things  at  the  capital. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  three  months'  service  he  was 
appointed  brigadier-quartermaster,  and  was  very  efficient  in 
that  office.  He  was  ranked  as  a  lieutenant.  He  was  after- 
wards appointed  a  captain  on  the  staff  of  General  Couch. 
Afterwards  he  received  the  appointment  of  major  in  the  Tenth 
Regiment,  in  General  Sedgwick's  Corps,  and  was  in  all  the 
battles  of  that  famous  body.  He  was  wounded  at  Spottsyl- 
vania,  on  the  twelfth  of  May,  1864.  The  regiment  on  the 
right  of  the  Tenth  had  broken  and  fled,  and  the  enemy  were 
pressing  our  lines  very  hard,  when  a  charge  was  ordered. 
Three  successive  charges  were  made,  and  Major  Parker,  at 
the  head  of  his  men,  led  the  attack.  The  enemy  were 
checked,  but  the  major  received  a  wound  which  proved  fatal. 
While  in  the  rifle-pits  which  our  troops  had  captured  from 
the  enemy,  a  minie-ball  struck  and  shattered  his  right  arm. 
Strong  hopes  were  ch'erished  of  saving  the  arm,  but  in  eight 
days  it  was  found  that  amputation  was  necessary.  After  this 
operation  it  was  expected  that  he  would  recover,  but  the 
shock  to  his  system  was  too  great,  and  towards  the  last  of 
May,  he  suddenly  failed.     His  wife  hastened  to  Washington, 


494  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  arrived  on  Saturday  the  twenty-eighth,  in  time  to  be  with 
him  in  the  closing  days  of  his  hfe.  He  was  conscious  to  the 
last.  A  letter  from  Hon.  Genery  Twichell,  written  the  day 
before  his  death,  says  : 

"  Major  Parker  is  in  his  right  mind  this  morning,  but  can  only  whisper. 
I  saw  him  an  hour  before  his  wife  arrived.  He  whispered  that  he  was 
glad  to  see  me,  and  wanted  to  take  me  by  the  hand,  but  could  not.  To  his 
wife  he  whispered,  '  All  right,'  and  said  he  was  happy." 

He  continued  to  decline,  and  expired  at  half  past  two  on 
Monday  afternoon.  As  an  expressive  exhibition  of  his  spirit, 
the  following  words,  dictated  by  him  after  the  amputation  of 
his  arm,  at  Fredericksburg,  will  be  read  with  interest. 

"  Let  me  assure  you,  my  dear  friend,  that  in  these  hours  of  trouble, 
affliction  and  suffering,  my  confidence  and  faith  in  the  abiding  love  of  our 
Heavenly  Father,  is  as  unshaken  and  as  firm  as  when  I  have  been  sur- 
rounded with  all  the  richest  blessings  of  life,  and  in  the  deepest  enjoyment 
of  all  its  blessings." 

The  remains  of  Major  Parker  were  brought  to  Worcester, 
and  a  public  funeral  under  the  direction  of  the  city  govern- 
ment, took  place  on  Saturday,  the  fourth  of  June.  A  pro- 
cession under  the  direction  of  the  city  marshal,  Charles  B. 
Pratt,  was  formed  at  the  City  Hall,  at  ten  o'clock,  and 
marched  through  Austin  to  High  Street,  to  the  house  of  the 
deceased.  Thence  the  route  was  through  High,  Pleasant  and 
Main  Streets,  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hill's  Church,  which  was  appro- 
priately draped  in  mourning.  Very  impressive  services,  con- 
ducted by  Dr.  Hill,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  of  the  Salem 
Street  Church,  were  listened  to  by  a  large  and  respectable 
audience. 

The  procession  was  then  re-formed  as  follows,  viz  :  Police, 
Band,  Drum  Corps,  Light  Infantry,  State  Guard,  Highland 
Cadets,  Sons  of  Temperance,  City  Government,  Hearse, 
Bearers.  The  bearers  were  Majors  Harkness,  Styles,  and 
McConville,  and  Captains  Kimball  and  O'Keefe,  and  Lieuten- 
ant Eddy.  .  The  remains  were  taken  to  Rural  Cemetery, 
where  a  volley  was  fired  at  the  grave. 


WARREN    A.    ALGER.  495 

Warren  A.  Alger. 

Young  Alger  saw  service  and  danger  in  many  forms,  and 
finally  died  under  the  horrors  of  Andersonville.  He  was  the 
son  of  George  W.  and  Susan  E.  Alger,  of  Winchendon,  but 
was  residing  in  Worcester  with  his  mother,  at  the  opening  of 
the  war.  He  enlisted  here  in  Company  D,  Fifteenth  Regi- 
ment, April  19,  1 86 1,  when  in  his  twenty-first  year.  In  the 
course  of  the  war,  he  became  a  corporal.  He  was  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Ball's  Bluff,  and  though  in  the  midst  of  danger,  was  not 
wounded,  though  a  bullet  went  between  his  shoe  and  stocking 
at  the  hollow  of  his  foot.  He  was  among  the  first  ones  who 
were  taken  to  Richmond,  where  he  was  kept  about  four 
months.  Joining  the  army  again,  after  his  exchange,  he  was 
in  active  service  up  to  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 
There  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and  again  sent  to  Richmond, 
where  for  six  weeks  he  suffered  terrible  privations.  He  was 
almost  starved.  Being  exchanged,  he  was  taken  to  Alexan- 
dria, where  he  was  sick  in  consequence  of  his  treatment  in  the 
rebel  prison. 

He  re-enlisted,  in  February,  1864,  fought  through  the  Wil- 
derness, and  was  wounded  at  Coal  Harbor.  On  the  twenty- 
second  of  June,  1864,  while  before  Petersburg,  he  was  cap- 
tured the  third  time.  His  experience  in  battle  had  led  him 
to  say  that  *'  he  did  not  think  he  should  be  killed  by  shot,  or 
shell,  or  cannon's  mouth,"  and  he  was  right  in  his  prophecy ; 
but  he  fell  under  what  was  more  terrible  than  the  rage  of  bat- 
tle. The  hellish  treatment  which  he,  in  company  with  thou- 
sands of  our  poor  soldiers,  received  at  Andersonville,  killed 
him  by  inches,  and  he  died  on  the  fourteenth  of  August,  1 864. 
His  remains  were  brought  home,  identified,  and  buried.  The 
funeral  took  place,  on  the  eighth  of  May,  1866,  in  the  Central 
Church  Chapel.  All  his  comrades  of  the  Fifteenth  attended 
the  funeral  services,  and  then  followed  the  remains  to  Hope 
Cemetery. 


496  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Captain  William  B.  Bacon,  and  Lieutenant  Francis  Bacon. 

The  following  notice  of  those  two  brothers,  William  and 
Francis  Bacon,  is  taken  from  the  Spy  of  May  28,  1864. 
Speaking  first  of  Captain  William,  the  writer,  whose  signature 
is  "  B,"  proceeds  as  follows  :  — 

"  It  is  a  melancholy  pleasure  as  well  as  a  duty  to  add  our  humble 
tribute  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  this  gallant  officer,  whose  loss  we  have 
so  lately  been  called  upon  to  mourn.  To  those  who  have  known  him 
from  his  earlier  years,  and  who  have  watched  his  honorable  career  through- 
out his  short  but  eventful  life,  no  words  are  needed  to  deepen  the  feelings 
of  sorrow  at  his  sudden  and  melancholy  decease. 

William  Batchelder  Bacon,  a  son  of  Hon.  Peter  C.  Bacon,  first  entered 
service  as  lieutenant  in  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  under  Colonel  Leonard. 
Althougli  then  but  seventeen  years  of  age,  his  strict  attention  to  the 
duties  of  his  position,  and  the  many  kindly  qualities  of  his  heart,  soon 
won  the  respect  and  affection  of  all  his  associates.  Without  entering  into 
details,  it  will  suffice  to  say  that  he  shared  the  various  fortunes  of  the 
famous  'marching  regiment,'  from  the  time  it  left  Boston,  in  1861,  until 
he  was  called  to  another  sphere  of  service. 

Having  received  a  commission  as  captain  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Massa- 
chusetts Infantry,  under  Colonel  Wells,  he  joined  this  regiment  in  the 
summer  of  1862.  During  his  connection  with  the  Thirty-fourth,  his  char- 
acter and  conduct  were  such  as  to  gain  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his 
comrades.  .  .  .  Wherever  he  was  wanted,  or  whatever  he  was  called  upon 
to  do,  his  superior  officers  knew  he  could  be  relied  upon  ;  that  his  courage 
was  as  true  as  steel. 

A  brief  reference  to  his  last  campaign  in  the  department  of  the  Shenan- 
doah, and  the  circumstances  of  his  death  in  the  battle  of  the  fifteenth  of 
May,  1864,  are  all  that  we  propose  to  give.  From  a  letter  written  by  his 
brother,  Captain  Henry  Bacon,  it  appears  that  there  was  a  severe  engage- 
ment with  the  enemy  at  Newmarket,  Virginia,  on  or  about  the  twelfth. 
During  this  engagement,  our  troops  were  outnumbered  and  finally  re- 
pulsed, falling  back  to  Woodstock. 

On  the  thirteenth,  some  of  our  forces,  including  the  Thirty-fourth, 
were  ordered  back  to  Newmarket,  and  on  Sunday,  the  fifteenth,  other 
troops  were  sent  to  the  same  place.  It  was  during  the  engagement  on 
that  day  that  Captain  Bacon  received  his  fatal  wound.  The  testimony  of 
Colonel  Wells  in  regard  to  some  of  the  events  attending  that  fearful  strug- 
gle may  be  quoted.  '  He  was  especially  conspicuous,  standing  directly 
behind  his  colors,  and  keeping  his  company  perfectly  in  line.  I  called  to 
him  two  or  three  times  to  bring  the  colors  back,  but  he  either  could  not 
or  would  not  hear.     I  think  he  could  not  possibly  have  heard  me,  as  he 


MAJOR    HARRISON    W.    PRATT.  497 

was  constantly  shouting  to  his  men.  I  could  hear  him  say,  "  Stand  up  to 
them,  boys  ;  we  will  never  go  back."  I  went  to  him  and  touched  him  on 
the  shoulder,  saying,  "  'Tis  of  no  use  captain,  we  must  go  ;  they  have  all 
gone."  He  turned  towards  me,  and  almost  while  my  hand  was  on  his 
shoulder,  he  fell,  struck  through  the  side  by  a  bullet.' 

He  was  at  once  removed  from  the  field  by  his  orderly  and  his  servant. 
While  being  carried  to  the  rear,  his  sword  dropped,  the  scabbard  having 
been  broken,  and  as  soon  as  it  was  missed,  he  exclaimed,  '  Don't,  for 
God's  sake,  let  the  rebels  get  my  sword.'  It  was  saved,  and  brought  with 
him  from  the  field.  The  last  words  he  was  heard  to  utter  were, '  Tell  them 
I  died  fighting  for  my  country.' 

In  this  connection  we  cannot  forbear  allusion  to  an  elder  brother, 
Frank  Bacon,  who  lost  his  life  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  in  May, 
1864.  He  first  served  in  the  Third  Battalion  Rifles,  in  the  opening 
months  of  the  war,  1861.  Upon  his  return  home,  not  being  content  to 
remain  inactive,  he  enlisted  in  the  Fifteenth  Regiment.  Subsequently  he 
was  appointed  lieutenant  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Second  New  York 
Regiment,  returning  to  the  field  only  to  meet  an  early,  but  honorable 
death,  in  the  service  of  his  country.  He  was  a  brave,  noble,  generous- 
hearted  companion  and  friend.  Two  brothers  have  fallen  in  battle.  '■Par 
iiobile  fratrtun?  They  have  not  died  in  vain,  for  they  '  have  done  what 
they  could.'     Their  memory  shall  be  kept  green  forever." 

"  O'er  the  wintry  hills  of  life, 

Beyond  death's  sullen  river, 
There  beam  sweet  morning  stars  of  light, 

Whose  glory  shines  forever ; 
There  comes  the  never-dying  spring 

Immortal  life  to  impart; 
To  raise  from  out  the  dreary  tomb 

These  treasures  of  the  heart, 
It  comes,  sweet  bloom  and  joy  to  bring, 
A  never-fading,  glorious  spring  " 

Major  Harrison  W.  Pratt. 
The  history  of  Major  Pratt,  as  connected  with  the  war,  has 
already  been  given  in  that  of  the  Light  Infantry,  and  the 
Thirty-fourth  Regiment.  He  was  the  first  man  in  Worcester 
to  offer  his  services  to  the  government,  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
rebellion.  He  had  the  honor  and  pleasure  of  marching  into 
Washington,  with  his  company,  in  the  famous  Sixth  Regiment, 
in  less  than  a  week  after  the  president's  call  came  for  troops 
in  April,   1861.     He  was  a  most  devoted  patriot,  and    could 

32 


498  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

not  keep  from  the  field  when  so  much  he  held  dear  was  at 
stake.  He  was  an  accomplished  officer,  modest  as  he  was 
brave,  and  imbued  with  a  hopeful  patriotism  that  never  failed 
him. 

He  was  appointed  major  in  the  Thirty-fourth,  when  that 
regiment  was  organized.  He  was  an  active  participant  in  all 
the  hard  service  of  his  regiment,  up  to  the  tiQie  of  his  death. 

Sometime  previous  to  his  decease,  he  had  been  severely 
wounded.  Having  served  two  years  with  distinction  in  the 
Thirty-fourth,  of  v^hich  he  was  acting  commander  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  he  fell  mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Fisher's 
Hill,  in  September,  1863.  The  particulars  will  be  found  in 
the  narrative  of  his  regiment  for  that  year. 

His  remains  were  brought  home,  and  a  public  funeral  was 
attended  on  the  second  day  of  October.  It  was  an  unpleasant 
day,  and  but  few  military  men  were  left  in  the  city,  but  a 
large  number  of  citizens,  among  them  many  past  and  disabled 
soldiers  mustered  in  the  storm,  and  laid  the  body  of  their 
friend  away  in  the  grave,  with  befitting  military  honors. 

The  procession  formed  at  the  City  Hall,  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  C.  B.  Pratt,  city  marshal,  and  consisted  of  the  Wor- 
cester State  Guard,  past  members  of  the  Worcester  Light 
Infantry,  past  and  present  officers  of  the  army  then  in  the 
city.  Mayor  Lincoln,  and  the  city  government.  The  Cornet 
Band  and  the  Drum  Corps  of  the  State  Guard  headed  the 
escort.  The  procession  passed  from  the  residence  of  Major 
Pratt,  in  Mechanic  Street,  to  Dr.  Hill's  Church,  where  the  ser- 
vices were  conducted  by  Rev.  R.  R.  Shippen,  assisted  by  Dr. 
Hill,  and  Rev.  Mr.  St.  John.  The  house  was  crowded  by  cit- 
izens, who,  while  sorrowing  for  the  dead,  remembered  with 
pride,  that  Captain  Pratt  was  among  the  few  first  armed  men 
who  "  went  through  Baltimore,"  and  entered  Washington  to 
defend  it  when  menaced  by  traitors. 

The  Daniels  Brothers. 
During  the  four  years  of  war,  many  youthful  faces  disap- 
peared forever  from  the  scenes  of  early  life.     Leaving  their 


THE    DANIELS    BROTHERS.  499 

homes  of  plenty  and  peaceful  scenes,  they  went  forth  to  share 
in  the  hard,  stern  duties  of  the  camp,  and  the  sterner  duties 
of  the  battle-field.  No  pen  can  describe  the  hardships  and 
privations  in  forced  marches,  in  storm  and  heat,  enduring  hun- 
ger and  thirst,  and  want  of  sleep,  by  night  and  by  day,  and 
finally  the  awful  shock  of  battle,  which  became  so  familiar  to 
our  soldiers. 

Among  those  who  bore  their  full  part  of  the  trials  of  the 
war,  were  Lieutenant  Henry  Daniels,  and  his  brother  Myron. 
"  These  youthful  soldiers,"  says  "  F.  G.  W.,"  in  the  Spy,  July 
15,  1864,  "left  us  under  the  pressure  of  that  noble  enthu- 
siasm that  ever  prompts  the  patriot  heart  to  noble  deeds. 
Lieutenant  Daniels  was  among  the  first  to  enlist  in  his 
country's  service,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  brief  interval,  at 
the  expiration  of  his  first  term,  had  been  constantly  on  duty 
uj)  to  the  eventful  hour  of  his  death.  Myron  enlisted  some 
months  later  in  the  same  regiment.  He  was  a  mere  youth, 
and  upon  him  his  country  had  no  legal  claim  of  service." 

They  were  both  in  the  long  and  weary,  but  triumphant  siege 
of  Vicksburg,  and  both  went  through  the  hard  forced  marches 
and  battles  in  the  mountains  of  Tennessee,  in  Maryland,  and 
in  Virginia.  They  both  fell  in  the  Wilderness.  Myron, 
while  on  picket  duty,  especially  hazardous  in  that  tangled 
maze,  was  pierced  by  a  bullet,  and  soon  died.  Just  one  week 
later.  Lieutenant  Daniels  fell  at  the  head  of  a  skirmishing 
party.  "We  contemplate  their  deeds  with  confidence  and 
with  tears,"  says  the  writer  quoted  above.  "  With  confidence 
in  humanity  that  the  exigency  of  this  perilous  hour  in  our 
country's  progress  has  been  so  promptly  met ;  with  tears  that 
man's  elevation  and  redemption  should  demand  so  costly  a 
sacrifice." 

Lieutenant  E.  Dexter  Cheney. 

When  the  Fifty-first  Regiment  was  formed  in  Worcester, 

in  the  autumn  of  1862,  young  Cheney,  with  his  comrades  Coe 

and  Childs,  who  were  both  killed  in  the  war,  became  a  member 

of  company  F,  and  by  his  correct  habits  and  military  tact,  won 


500  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

the  position  of  sergeant.  After  the  ex^jiration  of  his  term  of 
service,  he  joined  the  Fifty-seventh,  and  obtained  his  merited 
commission  as  first  lieutenant  of  company  B.  He  was  a  faith- 
ful officer.  While  in  the  rifle-pits  before  Petersburg,  he  was 
killed  by  a  rebel  sharp-shooter.  His  remains  were  brought 
home,  and  his  funeral  was  attended  in  the  Salem  Street 
Church,  July  28,  1864,  by  a  concourse  of  sympathizing  friends. 

Sergeant  George  E.  Barnard. 
It  is  said  of  Sergeant  Barnard,  that  "  few  more  deserved  a 
passing  notice,  or  could  show  a  better  record."  He  was  a 
member  of  company  E,  Fifteenth  Regiment,  from  the  com- 
mencement, and  was  promoted  for  bravery  and  fidelity  on  the 
battle-field.  He  was  in  every  engagement  with  the  enemy  in 
which  his  regiment  took  part,  and  finally  was  the  last  man  in 
that  organization  whose  life-blood  enriched  the  soil  of  Virginia 
at  the  very  time  when  his  career  as  a  soldier  seemed  to  have 
ended.  "  Badly  wounded  at  Ball's  Bluff",  he  rejoined  his  regi- 
ment before  he  could  be  considered  fairly  convalescent,  and 
though  sick  and  reported  unfit  for  duty  previous  to  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  he  yet,  when  the  thunder  of  cannon  gave  warn- 
ing of  a  great  engagement,  hastened  forward  and  took  part 
therein.     No  better  soldier  ever  shouldered  a  musket." 

Captain  Joseph  W.  Gird. 
The  father  of  Captain  Gird  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point 
Academy,  and  after  being  stationed  for  a  time  at  Fort  Jack- 
son, Louisiana,  became  professor  of  mathematics  in  Louisiana 
College.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Jackson, 
Louisiana,  October  21,  1839.  The  family  moved  to  Illinois 
when  he  was  quite  young.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  his 
mother  came  to  Worcester  to  reside,  and  here  young  Joseph 
grew  to  manhood.  He  graduated  with  honor  at  the  High 
School,  and  was  well  fitted  for  college.  When  the  Twenty- 
fifth  was  organized  he  was  studying  law,  but  he  gave  up  all 
his  plans  for  a  more  extended  education,  and  enlisted  as  a 
private,  in  company  F.     He  shared  in  the  hardships  and   the 


COLONEL   JULIUS    MASSENA    TUCKER.  50I 

victories  of  his  regiment,  on  Hatteras,  at  Roanoke  Island,  and 
at  Nevvbern.  Promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy  in  the  Thirty- 
sixth,  he  served  in  the  Kentucky  campaign,  and  after  a  few 
months  obtained  his  discharge  at  his  own  desire.  He  was 
commissioned  captain  in  the  Fifty-seventh  Regiment  at  its 
organization,  and  by  his  earnest  and  effective  work  of  personal 
exertion  and  public  speech,  greatly  facilitated  the  rapid  for- 
mation of  its  ranks.  He  was  a  brave,  faithful  and  capable 
officer,  and  served  his  country  well.  With  abilities  which 
gave  promise  of  great  usefulness,  and  pure  morals  which  fitted 
him  for  exerting  a  good  influence,  he  offered  himself  as  a  sac- 
rifice. None  went  forth  with  more  devotion  to  country,  with 
more  unselfish  desire  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  soldier,  or 
with  more  faith  in  the  triumph  of  our  armies  and  the  princi- 
ples for  which  they  contended,  than  Captain  Gird.  He  was 
struck  on  the  head  by  a  ball,  on  the  sixth  of  May,  1864,  the 
first  day  of  the  fighting  in  the  Wilderness,  and  thus  yielded 
his  life  for  a  sacred  cause. 

Colonel  Julius  Massena  Tucker. 
One  to  whom  Colonel  Tucker  was  an  object  of  just  pride 
and  affection,  has  prepared  the  following  memoir  of  his  brief 
but  eventful  life. 

"  Prominent  among  the  young  men  of  Worcester  who  responded  to 
President  Lincoln's  first  call  for  troops,  was  Julius  Massena  Tucker,  son 
of  Mr.  Julius  E.  Tucker,  who,  for  the  last  twelve  years  or  more,  has  been 
the  financial  agent  and  assistant  editor  of  the  Worcester  Palladhim.  In 
the  spring  of  1861,  when  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  Mr.  Tucker  enrolled 
his  name  as  one  of  the  volunteers  for  three  months,  in  company  A,  Third 
Battalion  Rifles.  The  company  being  more  than  full,  and  he  being  the 
youngest  of  the  members,  was  counted  out,  and  therefore  remained  at 
home  during  that  summer ;  but  when  the  three  months  had  expired,  and  the 
Twenty-fifth  Regiment  was  being  recruited,  young  Tucker  enlisted  in  the 
same  company,  then  under  command  of  Captain  Josiah  Pickett,  and 
served  with  that  regiment  as  a  private  about  one  year.  He  was  in  the 
battles  at  Roanoke  Island  and  Newbern,  in  March  and  April,  1862.  Dur- 
ing the  summer,  new  regiments  were  called  for,  and  by  request  of  his 
friends  at  home,  and  upon  the  recommendation  of  his  officers  in  the 
Twenty-fifth,  Governor  Andrew  gave  him  a  commission  as  second  lieuten- 


502  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

ant  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Regiment,  Massachusetts  Volunteers.  He  re- 
ceived his  discharge  from  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  while  stationed  at 
Newbern,  on  the  fifth  of  September,  1862,  it  being  his  twenty-first  birth- 
day. He  came  directly  home  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  his  equipments, 
but  in  the  meantime  the  Thirty-sixth  had  been  organized,  and  had  gone 
to  the  field  of  active  service. 

To  the  gratification  and  surprise  of  himself  and  his  friends,  the  equip- 
ments, (costing  between  sixty  and  seventy  dollars),  were  presented  to  him 
by  the  Hon.  A.  H.  Bullock,  who  thus  signified  his  appreciation  of  the 
patriotic  bravery  of  this  young  officer.  Remaining  at  home  only  ten  days, 
he  left  again  for  the  front,  and  joined  his  regiment  at  Antietam,  a  few  days 
after  the  battle  at  that  place.  Lieutenant  Tucker  was  in  active  service  in 
that  regiment  for  about  one  year,  and  was  present  with  his  regiment 
while  in  Kentucky,  under  General  Burnside,  in  the  Ninth  Army  Corps. 
He  was  at  the  capture  of  Vicksburg,  July  4,  1863,  and  at  the  breaking  up 
of  Albert  Sydney  Johnson's  army,  from  Blackwater  River  to  Jackson,  the 
capital  of  Mississippi. 

Having  seen  much  hard  service  and  being  about  worn  out,  he  resigned 
and  came  home  in  August,  1863,  and  after  suitable  rest,  engaged  as  a 
clerk  in  the  sale  of  dry  goods.  Late  in  the  autumn  of  that  year,  more 
troops  were  called  for,  and  through  the  earnest  request  of  the  mayor  of 
the  city,  Hon.  D.  Waldo  Lincoln,  he  consented  to  try  his  hand  at  recruit- 
ing a  company  for  the  Fifty-seventh  Regiment,  Massachusetts  Volunteers. 
Mayor  Lincoln  having  procured  permission  for  him  to  recruit  a  company 
from  Colonel  Bartlett,  of  the  Fifty-seventh,  he  opened  his  recruiting  office 
on  Saturday  about  the  middle  of  December,  and  in  twenty  days  he  had 
enlisted  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  men,  during  which  time  he  was  com- 
missioned as  first  lieutenant  and  captain.  Having  a  full  company,  and 
more  enlisted,  he  furloughed  his  men  a  few  days,  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  eleventh  of  January,  1864,  at  the  time  appointed,  one  hundred 
and  fifteen  men  responded  at  his  office,  and  marched  with  him  to 
Camp  Lincoln,  and  were  there  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States. 

On  the  eighteenth  of  April  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  front,  and 
on  the  sixth  of  May,  participated  in  the  battle  of  the  '  Wilderness.'  From 
that  time  to  the  seventeenth  of  June,  Captain  Tucker,  with  his  company, 
was  under  fire  almost  every  day.  At  the  battle  of  North  Anna  River,  on 
the  twenty-fourth  of  May,  his  senior  officers  being  either  killed  or  wounded, 
the  regiment  came  under  his  command.  In  capturing  a  fort  in  front  of 
Petersburg,  on  the  seventeenth  of  June,  in  which  action  his  command 
occupied  the  position  of  guide  regiment  in  the  charge,  and  after  reaching 
the  fort  through  storms  of  shot  and  shell,  he  received  a  rebel  bullet 
through  his  face,  by  which  he  lost  eleven  upper  back  teeth,  a  portion 
of  the  palatal  bone   of   his  mouth,   and  the  entire  sight  of  the  left  eye. 


COLONEL   JULIUS    MASSENA    TUCKER.  503 

Although  severely  wounded,  he  fought  with  gallant  bravery  for  several 
minutes  after  entering  the  fort,  in  a  hand-to-hand  conflict,  when  the  rebels 
surrendered.  The  fort  being  captured,  Captain  Tucker  was  taken  to  the 
rear,  and  through  the  skillful  attention  of  his  regimental  surgeon.  Dr.  M. 
V.  White,  his  life  was  saved,  and  his  father  succeeded  in  getting  him 
home  just  ten  days  after  he  was  wounded. 

Incredible  as  it  may  seem,  by  the  untiring  efforts  and  watchful  nursing 
of  his  parents,  he  so  far  recovered,  that  on  the  twenty-seventh  day  of 
August, — in  two  months  and  ten  days,  —  Colonel  Tucker,  as  he  then 
ranked,  left  home  again  for  the  field,  and  assumed  command  of  his  regi- 
ment. 

During  the  fall  of  1864  he  was  engaged  in  several  battles,  and  on  the 
early  morning  of  the  twenty-fifth  of  March,  1865,  when  the  rebels  broke 
through  our  lines  and  captured  Fort  Steadman,  Colonel  Tucker  was  the 
first  to  give  the  alarm  at  division  head-quarters,  and  afterwards  charged 
the  enemy  with  his  regiment,  and  kept  them  at  bay,  by  driving  and  being 
driven  no  less  than  four  times  through  his  own  encampment,  until  a  whole 
division  could  be  raUied  and  got  into  line,  when  he  was  ordered  to  the 
rear,  and  the  enemy  were  captured  or  driven  back  to  their  intrenchments. 
In  this  engagement  his  regiment  suffered  great  loss,  and  he  lost  his 
horses,  equipments,  and  all  his  clothing  except  what  he  wore  in  the  battle. 
He  was  furloughed  for  gallant  conduct,  and  came  home  for  a  few  days  ; 
when  having  again  equipped  himself,  he  returned  to  his  regiment,  and 
remained  in  command  until  it  was  mustered  out  of  service  on  the  thirtieth 
day  of  July,  1865.  When  the  regiment  was  organized,  Colonel  Tucker 
was  the  third  senior  captain,  but  by  a  petition  of  all  the  officers  of  the 
regiment  then  living,  save  one,  he  was  commissioned  major  on  the  four- 
teenth of  June,  1864,  three  days  before  he  was  wounded  ;  and  within  a  few 
days  after  his  arrival  home.  Governor  Andrew  sent  him  a  commis- 
sion as  lieutenant-colonel,  dating  it  back  to  June  15,  1864.  Subsequently 
he  was  made  colonel  by  brevet,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services,  dated 
April  15,  1865. 

.  The  war  of  the  rebellion  being  over,  and  he  having  partially  lost  the 
power  of  articulation,  from  the  effects  of  his  severe  wound,  which  incapa- 
citated him  for  his  former  occupation,  as  clerk  or  salesman,  he  sought  and 
obtained  a  position  in  the  Boston  Custom  House,  as  inspector,  where  he 
remained  in  successful  and  pleasing  employment,  with  good  compensation, 
until  about  the  fifteenth  of  June,  1866,  when  he  took  a  severe  cold  from 
exposure  while  on  duty  in  discharging  a  steam-ship  at  East  Boston.  He 
died  of  congestion  of  the  lungs  on  the  twenty-second  of  June,  after  one 
week's  severe  illness,  aged  twenty-five  years,  ten  months,  and  seventeen 
days." 


504  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Corporal  Charles  S.  Wilder. 
Young  Wildet  was  a  member  of  the  Worcester  Academy, 
twenty  years  of  age,  when  he  enlisted  in  company  A,  Twenty- 
first  Regiment,  in  August,  1861.  After  having  faithfully 
served  with  this  renowned  regiment  through  all  its  marches 
and  battles  in  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  Maryland,  Kentucky, 
and  East  Tennessee,  he  returned  to  Kentucky  in  January, 
1864,  and  there  re-enlisted.  After  a  short  furlough  he  again 
left  home  in  cheerful  spirits,  and  with  devoted  firmness,  to 
join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  passed  safely  through 
all  the  battles  in  which  the  Ninth  Corps  was  engaged,  until 
the  second  of  June,  when,  during  an  attack  of  the  enemy  upon 
the  rear  guard  of  the  corps,  he  received  a  wound  through  the 
body,  from  side  to  side.  With  several  others  of  his  regiment, 
he  was  taken  prisoner  and  carried  to  Richmond,  where  he 
died  of  his  wounds  a  few  days  after  his  arrival.  His  colonel 
wrote  that  "  he  fell  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty  as  a  faithful 
soldier." 

Lieutenant  Albert  C.  Walker. 

Among  the  young  men  who  "  bravely  and  freely  offered  up 
their  lives  in  defense  of  their  country,  Lieutenant  Walker, 
son  of  Mr.  Aaron  G.  Walker,  of  Worcester,  deserves  to  be 
remembered  with  gratitude,  not  only  for  his  bravery,  loyalty, 
and  devotion  to  the  cause  of  freedom,  but  for  the  manly  and 
amiable  traits  of  character  which  endeared  him  to  his  friends 
and  associates,  and  made  his  efforts  serviceable  in  every 
position  he  was  called  upon  to  fill."  When  the  rebellion 
broke  out,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Light  Lifantry,  and 
went  with  the  Sixth  Regiment,  through  Baltimore,  to  Wash- 
ington.    He  was  with  his  company  through  the  campaign. 

Having  returned  home,  he  received  a  commission  as  sec- 
ond-lieutenant, and  assisted  in  raising  company  H,  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Regiment.  He  served  with  the  line  till  the 
spring  of  1864,  when  he  was  appointed  acting  adjutant  of  the 
regiment,  in  which  capacity  he  served  in  the  battle  of  New- 
market.    His    captain    being  wounded    and    taken  prisoner, 


SERGEANT    SAMUEL    SOUTHER.  505 

Lieutenant  Walker  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  his  com- 
pany, at  his  own  request,  receiving  the  warm  commendations 
of  Colonel  Wells  for  his  "efficiency  and  bravery"  as  adjutant. 
Having  passed  unharmed  through  the  "  fiery  storm  of  New- 
market," says  Colonel  Lincoln,  "  he  fell  at  the  head  of  his  men 
while  leading  them  in  their  gallant  charge  of  Piedmont.  He 
lingered  a  few  days,  kindly  attended  by  the  members  of  the 
family  of  William  B.  Crawford,  New  Hope,  Virginia,  in  whose 
care  he  had  been  left.  Of  unassuming  manners,  mild  and 
firm  in  his  intercourse  with  his  men,  devoted  to  the  service 
he  had  engaged  in  —  prompt  in  the  discharge  of  every  duty, 
solicitous  for  the  personal  comfort  of  his  command.  Lieuten- 
ant Walker  enjoyed  the  love  and  esteem  of  all  who  were  con- 
nected with  him.  To  men  and  officers  he  was  endeared,  and 
all  mourned  the  loss  of  a  friend  as  they  turned  from  the  bed 
on  which  their  brave  comrade  reposed,  and  felt  that,  for  him, 
this  was  the  last  of  earth.  His  last  words  were  of  the  family 
he  loved,  and  of  the  duties  he  had  so  faithfully  performed." 
Such  is  the  record  of  this  young  and  "  gallant  soldier,  true 
friend,  and  devoted  son." 

Adjutant  Dwight  Newbury. 
Near  the  close  of  the  year  1863,  Adjutant  Newbury  of  the 
Fifteenth,  belonging  then  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  had 
his  lower  jaw  fractured.  His  death  took  place  in  a  few  days, 
and  his  remains  were  brought  home  for  burial.  The  Spy  of 
December  11,  states  that  the  funeral  was  held  at  the  Salem 
Street  Church,  Rev.  Mr.  Richardson  officiating.  The  State 
Guard  were  out  with  full  ranks  to  do  escort  duty,  and  officers 
and  soldiers  of  the  Fifteenth,  Twenty-first,  and  other  mil- 
itary organizations,  were  also  present  in  uniform,  and  with  the 
members  of  the  city  government  and  other  citizens,  followed 
the  remains  of  the  young  soldier  to  Rural  Cemetery. 

Sergeant  Samuel  Souther. 
Rev.  Samuel  Souther  was  born  in  Fryeburg,  Maine.     He 
was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  in  the  class  of  1842, 


506  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

and  was  educated  for  the  Christian  ministry  at  Bangor  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  After  spending  some  years  as  the  minis- 
ter of  the  Congregational  Church  in  Belfast,  Maine,  and  sub- 
sequently as  agent  of  the  American  Sunday  School  Union, 
he,  in  1857,  came  to  the  city  of  Worcester,  where  he  was  made 
city  missionary  and  also  chaplain  at  the  jail  and  at  the  asylum 
for  the  insane.  Under  his  ministry  the  Industrial  School 
connected  with  the  Mission  Chapel,  was  organized  in  1857. 
In  the  years  1863  and  1864,  he  was  a  representative  of  this 
city  in  the  General  Court.  While  still  in  the  discharge  of  his 
legislative  duties,  an  urgent  call  came  for  more  men,  and 
hardly  waiting  for  the  session  to  close,  he  enlisted  as  a  pri- 
vate in  the  Fifty-seventh.  The  brief  tarry  in  camp  at  home, 
the  sudden  summons  to  the  front,  the  swift  march,  the  instant 
battle,  and  the  fearful  slaughter  of  the  regiment,  are  all  mat- 
ters of  history.     The  body  of  Mr.  Souther  was  never  found. 

Mr.  Souther  was  a  man  of  energy,  and  did  with  his  might 
whatever  his  hand  found  to  do.  He  was  very  useful  in  his 
various  ministries,  but  the  pressure  on  his  spirit  caused  by  the 
rebellion,  was  so  strong  that  he  felt  constrained  to  leave  all, 
and  take  his  place  in  the  ranks.  It  was  a  resolution  full  of 
self  sacrifice.  He  disappeared  in  the  Wilderness-battle,  May 
6,  1864. 

The  following  lines,  v.ritten  by  Charles  E.  Stevens,  Esq., 
appeared  in  the  "  Knapsack,"  a  paper  published  for  the  Grand 
Army  Fair. 

In  Memory  of  Rev.  Samuel  Souther. 
He  laid  his  civic  honors  down, 

And  girded  for  the  fight, 
Careless  of  place  or  high  renown, 
But  zealous  for  the  right. 

He  asked  not  sword  or  shoulder-knot 

His  sacrifice  to  grace  ; 
He  chose  the  common  soldier's  lot  — 

Within  the  ranks  his  place. 

One  month  of  drill,  and  then  the  front  — 
The  peer  of  veterans  there ; 


CAPTAIN    THOMAS    o'nEIL.  5^7 

One  month,  and  then  the  fiery  brunt 
Of  battle,  his  to  bear. 

The  battle  of  the  Wilderness  — 

'Twas  there  he,  fighting,  fell ; 
And  still  is  there  his  resting-place, 

But  the  spot  there's  none  to  tell. 

No  sepulture  by  mortal  hands 

Was  his  ;  no  chiseled  stone 
In  honor  of  his  memory  stands  : 

He  sleeps  with  God  alone. 

Of  all  the  throng  of  martyred  ones 

None  purer  fell  than  he  : 
Ah,  happy  country  !  when  thy  sons 

Like  Souther  die  for  thee. 

Captain  Thomas  O'Neil. 

This  gallant  ofificer  was  mortally  wounded  in  the  sanguinary 
battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  June  3,  1864,  and  died  the  next  morn- 
ing. Says  Captain  J.  W.  Denny,  in  a  letter  dated  June  4, 
"  Yesterday  when  I  went  to  the  place  where  I  was  told  the 
Twenty-fifth  Regiment  were  being  brought  out,  the  first  man 
I  saw  was  Captain  Thomas  O'Neil.  He  was  mortally 
wounded.  I  took  him  by  the  hand,  and  he  said  :  '  Captain 
Denny,  write  to  my  dear  mother,  and  tell  her  I  die  for  my 
country.'  He  then  gave  me  directions  about  his  personal 
affairs,  and  bade  me  *  Good-bye.'  He  died  this  morning  at  five 
and  a  half,  a  brave  man  and  a  splendid  soldier." 

We  have  already  seen  that  Captain  O'Neil  belonged  to  a 
military  family  in  the  old  country,  and  that  probably  there 
were  more  representatives  of  his  family  name  in  our  war,  than 
of  any  other  family  in  Worcester  County.  And  he  was  second 
to  none  of  his  kith  and  kin.  He  was  a  gentlemen  by  nature, 
and  united  the  utmost  suavity  with  great  energy  in  action. 
One  gentleman  who  met  him  at  a  reception  of  his  regiment, 
in  Faneuil  Hall,  remembers  his  bearing  as  an  officer.  It  was 
noticeable  in  a  crowd  of  veterans.  Another  gentlemen,  who 
knew  him  well,  says  that  he  only  needed  proper  education  to 
make  another  Phil.  Sheridan. 


508  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

He  went  into  the  war  as  a  member  of  the  Emmet  Guards, 
Third  BattaUon  Rifles,  and  in  due  time,  after  their  brief  cam- 
paign, received  a  captain's  commission,  in  the  Twenty-fifth. 
It  is  the  universal  testimony  that  he  was  an  excellent  officer, 
—  brave,  capable  and  faithful.  Chaplain  James  holds  his  mem- 
ory in  high  esteem.  Though  a  devoted  member  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  and  always  glad  to  welcome  the  presence  of  a  priest 
of  his  own  faith,  yet  he  respected  his  chaplain  in  his  office, 
and  required  the  same  of  his  men.  Soon  after  receiving  his 
mortal  wound,  the  surgeon.  Dr.  J,  Marcus  Rice,  saw  him,  and 
examined  his  wounds.  Being  told  that  he  could  not  live,  he 
expressed  a  wish  to  have  two  lives  to  give  for  his  country. 
He  felt  a  passionate  pride  in  the  Union  flag.  At  his  request 
it  was  wrapped  around  him,  and  a  fold  of  it  was  laid  under  his 
head.  And  so  he  died,  the  last  pulsations  of  his  heart  beating 
for  the  land  he  loved. 

His  remains  were  brought  home,  and  a  public  funeral, 
under  the  direction  of  the  military  committee  of  the  city  coun- 
cil, was  attended  on  the  thirteenth  of  June.  The  city  govern- 
ment, with  the  two  Irish  societies  of  the  city,  formed  in  pro- 
cession at  the  City  Hall,  under  the  escort  of  the  State  Guard. 
The  procession  marched  to  his  residence,  where  the  relatives 
were  received  and  escorted  to  St.  John's  Church.  A  requiem 
mass  was  celebrated,  and  an  address  delivered  by  Rev.  P.  T. 
O'Reilley.  The  procession  then  moved  to  the  South  Wor- 
cester Cemetery,  where  the  burial  services  were  conducted  by 
Rev.  John  J.  Power.  A  large  congregation  witnessed  the 
services  in  the  church,  and  the  streets  were  thronged  with 
those,  who,  as  the  procession  passed,  joined  their  sympathy 
with  the  bereaved  relatives  and  friends. 

Adjutant  Henry  McConville. 

In  the  letter  above  quoted.  Captain  Denny  goes  on  to  say : 
"  Adjutant  McConville  next  came,  mortally  wounded  through 
the  neck  and  head."  He  was  wounded  in  the  same  bloody 
engagement,  where  so  many  hundreds  fell,  at  Cold  Harbor. 

McConville  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  war  from  this 


ADJUTANT    HENRY    McCONVILLE.  509 

city,  and  by  his  soldierly  qualities  won  the  esteem  of  all  who 
came  into  association  with  him.  His  superior  officers  speak 
of  him  yet,  not  only  with  respect,  but  with  tender  emotion. 
He  survived  the  battle  about  ten  days,  but  with  little  hope  of 
recovery.  Dr.  Rice  examined  his  condition,  and  in  reply  to 
his  inquiries,  told  him  that  he  could  not  live.  He  covered  his 
face  with  his  hands,  and  said  :  "  Oh,  my  potjr  mother ! " 
Precious  words  to  a  mother's  ear,  and  full  of  consolation  in 
the  sorrow  of  bereavement. 

His  brother.  Major  McConville,  was  with  him,  and  wrote  as 
follows  :  "  To  Dr.  George  Bates  the  people  cannot  be  too 
grateful.  In  the  hospital  at  almost  all  hours,  looking  for  a 
Worcester  wounded  man,  and  when  found,  the  kindness,  I 
might  almost  say,  motherly  attention,  he  shows  them,  cannot 
be  too  highly  appreciated."  But  mortal  skill  could  not  save 
him. 

The  body  of  Adjutant  McConville  was  brought  to  this  city, 
and  received  fitting  funeral  honors.  On  the  morning  of  his 
burial,  a  writer  in  one  of  the  city  papers,  said  :  "  Who  can 
enter  the  church  to-day,  where  funeral  mass  is  to  be  per- 
formed, and  not  think  of  the  days  before  the  war,  when  the 
voice  now  silent  forever,  was  so  musical  in  the  choir.  Youth- 
ful, chivalric  and  brave,  he  is  another  offering  on  the  altar  of 
our  country.  Where  patriotic  spirits  like  his  are  to  be  found, 
such  a  land  is  safe,  and  will  have  a  glorious  history." 

The  funeral  took  place  on  the  fifteenth  of  June,  when  a  long 
procession,  consisting  of  past  and  present  members  of  the 
Emmet  Guards,  under  command  of  Lieutenant  O'Gorman,  the 
State  Guard,  the  Father  Matthew  Temperance  Society,  the 
Hibernian  Society,  the  Christian  Doctrine  Association,  the 
members  of  the  city  government,  the  officers  of  the  army  in 
the  city,  numerous  near  friends  of  the  deceased  and  a  large 
concourse  of  citizens,  moved  from  City  Hall,  by  his  former 
residence,  to  St,  John's  Church,  while  the  Worcester  Band 
played  a  dirge.  His  eulogy  was  briefly  but  feelingly  spoken 
by  Rev.  Mr.  O'Reilley,  who  recounted  the  virtues  of  the 
departed,   and    uttered  patriotic   and   ennobling   sentiments. 


510  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Rev.  Mr.  Power  conducted   the  burial  services,  which  were 
unusually  solemn  and  impressive. 

Lieutenant  William  Daley. 

Another  victim  of  the  slaughter  at  Cold  Harbor,  was 
young  Daley,  a  friend  and  companion  of  the  above-mentioned 
ofTficers.  Like  them  he  had  served  long  and  faithfully,  and 
like  them,  he  offered  himself  a  sacrifice  for  his  country.  Says 
Captain  Denny :  "  Lieutenant  Daley,  in  command  of  my  com- 
pany, was  mortally  wounded,  and  was  left  about  ten  paces 
beyond  a  line  of  entrenchments,  next  to  the  enemy,  and 
beyond  the  line  held  by  our  corps.  Several  attempts  were 
made  to  get  him  to  the  rear,  killing  or  wounding  any  who 
made  the  attempt,  until  he  finally  required  that  no  farther 
effort  should  be  made  for  him.  He  said  he  was  mortally 
wounded,  and  might  as  well  die  there  as  anywhere.  General 
Smith  said  so  brave  a  man  as  Lieutenant  Daley  should  be 
recovered,  and  directed  that  he  should  be  dug  out,  and  it  was 
done.  Two  men  of  my  company  crawled  up  to  the  entrench- 
ments, and  then  dug  a  sap  under  the  works,  reaching  to  Lieu- 
tenant Daley,  who  was  reached  and  safely  brought  to  the  rear." 
Doubtless  this  well-meant  kindness  was  cheering  to  the  dying 
officer,  but  he  told  Dr.  Rice  that  the  sufferings  of  those  few 
moments  while  they  were  removing  him,  were  greater  than  he 
endured  for  hours  while  lying  outside.  His  wound  was  mor- 
tal, and  he  soon  followed  O'Neil.     He  died  June  24,  1864. 

The  remains  were  brought  hither,  and  with  funeral  honors 
laid  in  the  grave,  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  June.  The  pro- 
cession was  long  and  imposing,  consisting  of  the  Moulders' 
Union,  of  which  the  deceased  was  a  member,  various  military 
organizations,  the  Drum  Corps,  and  Goddard  and  Reidl's 
band.  Services  were  held  in  St.  John's  Church,  and  the 
remains  were  laid  in  the  South  Worcester  Cemetery. 

Corporal  Timothy  F.  Taft,  Jr. 
From  a  notice  which  appeared  in  the  Spy,  August  2,  1862, 
the  following   facts   are   gleaned   in   relation   to   this   young 


CAPTAIN    EDWARD    R.    WASHBURN.  5  I  I 

patriot.  He  was  a  member  of  a  Connecticut  regiment,  and  was 
slain  in  the  bloody  repulse  of  the  rebels  before  Atlanta.  A 
ball  struck  him  in  the  temple,  and  thence  passed  down  into 
the  bowels,  inflicting  two  mortal  wounds.  He  lived,  without 
speaking,  about  half  an  hour.  "  Corporal  Taft,"  says  a  friend, 
"  was  a  soldier  of  great  promise  and  capacity ;  no  less  trusted 
and  respected  by  his  superiors,  than  loved  by  his  comrades  and 
friends.  From  his  commanding  officer  he  was  confidentially 
assured,  by  reason  of  his  special  bravery  and  good  conduct,  of 
a  speedy  promotion  to  a  lieutenancy."  He  had  seen  four 
battles  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  For  several  years 
previous  to  the  war,  he  had  been  in  South  America,  and  dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  the  time,  had  been  the  acting  American 
consul  at  Guayaquil.  He  hurried-  home  to  take  part  in  sup- 
pressing the  rebellion.  "  He  was  liked  by  all  in  in  the  com- 
pany, and  had  not  a  single  enemy  in  the  regiment.  While  on 
the  march  he  was  always  full  of  life  and  spirits,  and  when  the 
men  were  weary  and  foot-sore,  he  would  crack  jokes  and  tell 
stories  that  would  make  them  forget  they  were  tired."  His 
last  letter  to  his  father  in  this  city,  was  dated  at  Marietta, 
Georgia,  July  9,  1864,  a  short  time  before  his  death.  He 
wrote  :  "  Dear  father,  I  assure  you  I  shall  try  to  do  my  duty  to 
my  country,  and  my  superior  officers,  and  if  I  come  home 
with  straps  on  my  shoulders,  they  will  be  honorably  earned. 
Let  the  people  at  home  think  less  of  political  leaders,  and 
more  of  their  fighting  soldiers,  we  will  then  have  a  speedy  ter- 
mination of  the  war,  and  an  end  to  slavery." 

Captain  Edward  R.  Washburn. 
Worcester  had  been  the  home  of  Washburn  about  three 
years,  when  the  rebellion  summoned  our  youth  into  the  field. 
The  work  of  recruiting  being  somewhat  dull  in  Lancaster,  (the 
home  of  his  boyhood)  he  went  there,  and  soon  raised  a  com- 
pany, and  went  to  Louisiana  as  its  captain.  "  In  the  assault 
on  Port  Hudson,  June  14,  1864,  he  was  leading  his  company 
in  the  extreme  advance,  and  within  a  few  rods  of  the  enemy's 
works,  fell,    struck   by  five  bullets,  one  of  which  completely 


512  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

shattered  the  bone  of  the  upper  thigh.  After  a  day  of  four- 
teen hours  in  the  severe  and  unshaded  heat  of  that  tropical 
cHmate,  he  was  removed  from  the  field,  and  his  wound  found 
to  be  mortal.  It  was  the  testimony  of  all  the  surgeons  who 
attended  him  at  New  Orleans,  that  nothing  but  the  most 
heroic  resolution,  aided  by  a  vigorous  and  unimpaired  consti- 
tution, carried  him  through  that  fearful  crisis,  and  enabled 
him  to  reach  home  alive."  It  was  supposed  by  his  friends 
that  he  had  entirely  recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  wound, 
when  he  was  suddenly  taken  with  great  pain  in  his  leg,  and 
for  several  days  seemed  to  suffer  all  that  humanity  could  en- 
dure. Then  came  relief,  and  he  died  as  quietly  and  peacefully 
as  a  child  sinks  to  its  slumbers.  Those  who  knew  him  best, 
speak  of  him  as  having  borne  one  of  the  "  purest  and  most 
exemplary  characters,  and  as  one  of  whom  it  may  be  truly  said, 
he  never  had  an  enemy  in  the  world,  and  that  he  was  beloved 
by  all  who  knew  him." 

Lieutenant  Samuel  F.  Woods. 
This  young  officer  left  the  fairest  prospects  of  success  in  his 
profession,  when  the  cause  of  his  country  called  him  from  the 
law  to  arms.  Inter  arma  silent  leges.  Though  his  life  was 
cut  short  by  war,  yet  he  had  condensed  the  force  of  a  pro- 
longed life  into  a  few  years.  He  is  entitled  to  a  place  in  these 
memorials,  though  a  native  of  Barre,  where  he  was  born, 
June  23,  1837.  Mr.  H.  P.  Woods,  of  that  town,  was  his  father. 
A  graduate  of  Yale  College  in  the  class  of  1856,  when  nine- 
teen years  of  age,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  at  once;  at 
Worcester.  He  studied  also  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  on  reaching  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  when  he  commenced  practice  in  his  native  place.  On 
the  nineteenth  of  April,  1861,  he  entered  the  service  of  the 
Union,  being  the  first  volunteer  from  his  native  town,  as 
fourth  lieutenant  of  the  Holden  company,  Third  Battalion 
Rifles.  When  the  term  of  service  had  expired,  he  returned 
with  the  battalion,  and  resided  in  Worcester,  until  the  summer 
of  1862,  when  he  again  joined  the  army  in  the  capacity  of 


FRANCIS    ADAMS    CONANT,    M.D.  513 

adjutant  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment,  then  forming  in  this 
city.  Afterwards  he  held  the  position  of  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  on  the  staff  of  General  M.  Weber,  but  when 
his  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  front,  he  chose  to  rejoin  it, 
and  his  request  was  granted.  He  was  severely  wounded  at 
Piedmont,  came  to  Worcester,  and  died  at  the  house  of  his 
brother-in-law,  Hon.  P.  Emory  Aldrich,  June  26,  1864. 

Corporal  Charles  W.  Upham. 
This  youthful  soldier,  son  of  Dea.  Joel  W.  Upham,  enlisted 
in  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  and  was  in  the  fierce  encounter  at 
Ball's  Bluff.  He  was  among  the  prisoners,  and  was  taken  to 
Richmond,  where  he  learned  in  prison  that  the  "  tender 
mercies  of  the  wicked  are  cruel,"  His  death  occurred  on  the 
fourteenth  of  December,  1861,  after  about  six  weeks  of  con- 
finement and  privation.  As  a  son  he  was  tenderly  beloved  by 
his  parents  ;  as  a  soldier  he  was  faithful  and  brave.  He  left 
home  a  private,  but  was  a  corporal  at  the  time  of  the  battle, 
having  been  found  worthy  of  promotion.  At  the  time  of  his 
decease,  his  age  was  nineteen  years,  three  months  and  five 
days.  Earnest  but  unavailing  efforts  were  made  to  find  his 
remains,  that  they  might  rest  with  those  of  his  kindred. 
Though  his  unknown  grave  is  among  strangers,  his  memory  is 
sacred  in  the  hearts  of  his  friends. 

Francis  Adams  Conant,  M.D. 
Was  the  son  of  Mr.  Benjamin  K.  Conant,  and  was  born  in 
Worcester,  February  28,  1838.  On  the  tenth  of  August, 
1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  at  Fort 
Warren,  Boston  Harbor.  He  was  appointed  hospital  steward 
at  Alexandria,  Virginia.  Thence  he  was  ordered  to  Nash- 
ville, in  the  early  part  of  1863.  The  Medical  University  of 
Nashville  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  M.D.,  while  sta- 
tioned there.  Just  before  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  at  Evansville,  Indiana.  While  discharging  his  official 
duties  at  the  latter  place,  he  accidentally  received  a  severe 
injury,  which   resulted    in   his   death,  June    13,    1865.     The 

33 


514  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

Rural  Cemetery,  in  Worcester,  holds  his  remains.  Though 
Dr.  Conant  did  not  belong  to  one  of  the  Worcester  regiments, 
he  was  just  as  truly  in  the  service  of  his  country,  and  deserves 
honor  as  an  able  and  faithful  officer. 

Sergeant  A.  T.  Bailey. 

This  devoted  young  patriot  came  to  Worcester,  from  Marl- 
borough, New  Hampshire,  and  resided  here  several  years 
before  the  war.  He  was  in  good  business  ;  had  a  home  and 
friends,  and  a  young  wife,  and  thus  felt  the  strongest  attrac- 
tions towards  home  life.  But  a  sense  of  duty  to  his  country 
led  him  to  leave  all,  and  to  bear  the  toils,  hardships  and  fight- 
ing of  his  regiment,  the  Thirty-sixth. 

Bailey  was  very  athletic,  and  he  called  all  his  energies  into 
exercise.  He  never  faltered,  or  fell  out  of  the  ranks  ;  and  he 
won  the  highest  encomiums  from  all  his  comrades.  "  Put 
Bailey  on,"  was  the  general  sentiment  of  the  men  when  duties 
requiring  more  than  usual  promptness,  sagacity  and  courage, 
were  at  hand.  No  word  of  comiDlaint  escaped  his  lips.  Ever 
ready  to  assist  and  cheer  others,  his  example  shed  a  luster  on 
the  otherwise  dark  clouds  of  camp  life,  and  revived  those  who 
were  desponding.  He  fought  through  the  Wilderness,  day 
after  day,  to  Spottsylvania  Court  House,  where  on  the  twelfth 
of  May,  1864,  he  fell,  pierced  through  the  abdomen  by  a  rifle 
ball.  Calmly,  without  a  murmur,  he  gave  to  a  brother  soldier 
his  last  requests,  disposing  of  his  effects.  A  few  hours  later 
he  left  a  dying  message  for  his  wife,  shook  hands  with  the 
bleeding  and  brave  fellows  around  him,  adding :  "  Give  my 
love  to  all  at  home,"  and  then  expired  with  serene  composure. 

Edwin  D.  Jordan, 
This  young  soldier  was  a  brother  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Jordan,  of 
Worcester.  Another  brother  entered  the  service  of  the  coun- 
try as  a  resident  of  Lynn,  to  which  city  he  was  credited. 
Edwin,  the  subject  of  this  brief  sketch,  was  a  member  of  com- 
pany D,  of  the  Fifteenth  Regiment,  and  bore  an  honorable 
part  in  its  ranks.     A  portion  of  the  fame  which  it  acquired, 


MAJOR   ELIJAH    A.    HARKNESS.  515 

belongs  to  him.  The  last  action  in  which  he  was  engaged 
was  the  battle  of  Antietam,  where  he  was  fatally  wounded. 
He  was  taken  to  Sharpsburg,  where  he  died  in  the  hospital 
on  the  twenty-eighth  of  September.  His  remains  were 
brought  home,  and  were  tenderly  laid  in  the  cemetery  by 
those  who  loved  him  in  Hfe,  and  now  cherish  his  memory. 

Major  Elijah  A.  Harkness. 

Among  those  who  appear  to  have  been  held  in  peculiar 
esteem  by  his  comrades,  was  Major  Harkness.  Those  who 
remember  him  as  a  companion  in  school  days,  or  as  a  fellow- 
soldier  in  arduous  warfare,  speak  of  him  with  kindness  and 
affection.  He  was  a  bright  scholar,  and  stood  in  the  front 
rank  among  the  members  of  the  High  School.  When  the 
tocsin  of  war  sounded  through  the  land,  he  was  with  the  first 
to  spring  to  arms.  His  first  experience  in  the  field  of  actual 
warfare,  was  as  a  member  of  company  A,  Third  Battalion 
Riflemen,  of  which  company  he  was  fourth  lieutenant.  The 
three  months'  service  being  fulfilled,  he  returned  with  the 
battalion,  having  acquired  the  experience  which  qualified  him 
to  take  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant,  and  the  position  of  adjutant 
in  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment,  the  formation  of  which  was 
begun  before  the  battalion  came  home.  He  performed  his 
duties  with  great  efficiency  as  adjutant  during  the  first  cam- 
paign of  his  regiment  in  North  Carolina,  at  Hatteras,  Roanoke 
Island  and  Newbern. 

When  the  Fifty-first  was  organized  by  Colonel  Sprague,  he 
was  offered  the  position  of  major,  and  he  proved  himself  com- 
petent for  the  trust.  Through  the  brief,  but  active  and  trying 
period  of  the  history  of  the  Fifty-first,  he  was  brave,  capable 
and  faithful.  Pleasant  in  aspect,  cheerful  in  spirit,  affable  in 
intercourse,  strenuous  in  warfare,  he  secured  the  respect  of 
his  men,  and  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-officers,  while  he  faith- 
fully served  his  country.  It  was  the  fortune  of  Major  Hark- 
ness to  live  through  the  casualties  of  war,  and  to  die,  while 
yet  young,  in  the  time  of  peace.  Subsequent  to  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  of  service,  he  removed  to  Chicago,  where  his 


5l6  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

decease  occurred  about  two  years  since.  Though  he  died  in 
a  distant  city,  his  memory  is  fragrant  in  the  home  of  his 
childhood. 

Color-bearer  John  E.  Lewis. 
An  incident  at  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  is  the  best  eulogy 
of  this  brave  young  man,  who  enlisted  from  Worcester  in  com- 
pany K,  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  The  first  banner  presented  to 
the  regiment  by  the  ladies  of  Worcester,  had  been  so  torn  by 
over  two  years  of  service  as  to  require  an  honorable  discharge. 
It  was  delivered  into  the  hands  of  Mayor  Lincoln,  to  be  for- 
ever preserved  by  the  city.  The  unfailing  patriotism  of  the 
ladies  immediately  supplied  another  standard.  Says  General 
Pickett :  "  There  was  nothing  that  so  inspired  our  soldiers  with 
a  determination  to  do  their  duty,  as  this  continued  evidence 
of  the  interest  felt  in  them,  and  the  cause  they  were  fighting 
for,  by  the  noble  women  at  home."  Before  the  battle  of  Cold 
Harbor,  Colonel  Pickett  called  the  color-guard  together,  told 
them  that  warm  work  was  expected,  and  urged  them  to  keep 
the  flag  in  its  place,  whatever  might  happen.  He  spoke  to 
brave,  intrepid,  patriotic  men.  In  the  battle  which  ensued, 
the  national  flag,  in  the  hands  of  one  of  the  sergeants,  was 
"  blown  into  fragments  by  a  shell,  and  scarcely  nothing  was 
left  but  a  portion  of  the  staff."  Then  the  blue  flag,  the  gift  of 
the  ladies  of  Worcester,  was  flung  to  the  breeze.  Three  color- 
bearers  were  shot  down,  when  Lewis  in  his  intrepidity  and 
daring,  raised  the  flag  once  more  in  sight  of  friends  and  foes. 
He  was  in  advance  of  the  line,  for  the  men  around  him  had 
fallen.  "  Johnny  Lewis,"  says  Captain  J.  Waldo  Denny,  "  was 
alone.  In  such  a  storm  of  bullets  no  man  can  live.  Men  see 
him  stagger.  He  takes  the  staff  from  the  socket  and  plants  it 
in  the  ground,  —  for  brave  Johnny  Lewis,  as  he  stands  there 
facing  death,  determines,  if  his  mortal  body  falls,  the  colors 
of  the  old  Twenty-fifth  shall  stand,  proudly,  defiantly  erect ! 
For  a  moment  he  reels  to  and  fro  as  if  tenacious  of  life,  turns 
his  eyes  heavenward,  and  falls  to  the  earth,  grasping  the 
colors,  and   lies  there,  enshrouded  in   the  folds  of  the  flag ! 


SOLDIERS      MONUMENT.  51/ 

Upon  that  banner  his  manly  form  reposes,  and  it  is  stained 
with  his  gallant  blood."  That  flag,  doubly  sacred  now,  did 
not  fall  into  the  hands  of  rebels  ;  for  Casey,  of  company  C, 
bravely  rushed  forward,  seized  and  saved  it.  Such  men  as 
Lewis  may  fall,  but  their  spirit  enters  into  their  surviving 
comrades,  and  makes  heroes  of  them  all.  The  effect  stops 
not  with  them  ;  the  next  generation  of  young  men  read  the 
story,  and  learn  that  it  is  "  beautiful  and  sweet  to  die  for  one's 
country."  May  Worcester  never  lose  this  "  breed  of  noble 
bloods." 


These  biographical  notices,  already  drawn  out  beyond  all 
expectation,  must  here  be  brought  to  a  close.  Perhaps  the 
names  of  others  could  be  mentioned,  as  worthy  of  the  laurel 
wreath  as  those  whose  virtues  and  bravery  are  here  commem- 
orated ;  but  these  are  all  which  were  found  by  a  careful  search 
of  the  journals  of  the  day,  or  by  inquiry  of  personal  friends. 
None  have  been  intentionally  omitted.  This  however  is  of  lit- 
tle consequence.  The  "  Roll  of  Honor  "  which  fills  the  next 
chapter,  is  the  record  of  hard  service  and  heroic  devotion. 
All  recorded  in  that  list,  who  did  their  duty,  and  stood  faithful 
to  the  flag  of  their  country,  need  no  other  biography. 

One  thing,  however,  remains  to  be  done  by  the  city  of  Wor- 
cester, before  her  debt  of  gratitude  to  her  fallen  heroes  can 
be  paid.  She  owes  it  to  herself  as  well  as,  and  as  much  as  to 
them,  to  erect  a  noble  monument  to  their  sacred  memory. 
The  attention  of  the  citizens  has  been  forcibly  called  to  this 
subject  by  the  Hon.  James  B.  Blake,  the  popular  and  patriotic 
mayor  of  the  city,  and  it  must  be  that  his  recommendation,  in 
some  suitable  form,  will  yet  meet  with  a  favorable  response. 
It  is  honorable  to  the  living  to  honor  the  virtuous  and  heroic 
dead.  The  remains  of  those  who  fell  in  the  contest,  so  far  as 
possible,  have  been  tenderly  brought  home,  and  laid  in  the 
grave,  by  loving  and  respectful  ministries,  as  Manoah  buried 
his  son  of"  seven-fold  strength." 


5l8  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

"  Nothing  is  here  for  tears,  nothing  to  wail 
Or  knock  the  breast,  no  weakness,  no  contempt, 
Dispraise  or  blame,  nothing  but  well  and  fair, 
And  what  may  quiet  us  in  a  death  so  noble. 
Let  us  go  find  the  body  where  it  lies 
Soaked  in  his  enemies'  blood,  and  from  the  stream 
With  lavers  pure,  and  cleansing  herbs,  wash  off 
The  clotted  gore." 

All  this  has  been  reverently  done.  Kindred  and  friends 
have  brought  the  remains  of  fallen  soldiers  from  the  field  of 
blood,  "solemnly  attended,  with  silent  obsequy  and  funeral 
train,  home  to  their  father's  house."  But  this  is  not  enough. 
Milton  puts  words  into  the  mouth  of  Samson's  father  which 
express  our  duty. 

"  There  will  I  build  him 
A  monument,  and  plant  it  round  with  shade 
Of  laurel  ever  green,  and  branching  palm. 
With  all  his  trophies  hung,  and  acts  inrolled 
In  copious  legend,  or  sweet  lyric  song. 
Thither  shall  all  the  valiant  youths  resort, 
And  from  his  memory  inflame  their  breasts 
To  matchless  valor  and  adventures  high  ; 
The  virgins  also  shall  on  feastful  days 
Visit  his  tomb  with  flowers." 


CHAPTER    XXII. 

THE  ROLL  OF  HONOR. 

PART  I.— NAMUS  OF  OFFICERS. 

This  chapter,  in  two  parts,  contains  the  names  of  all  the  officers  and  soldiers  credited  to 
Worcester  in  the  "Records  of  Massachusetts  Volunteers."  That  work  as  being  more 
correct  than  any  other  roll  of  our  soldiers,  will  always  be  the  standard  authority.  If  any 
officer  or  private,  belonging  to  Worcester,  does  not  fmd  his  name  in  the  following  pages, 
the  cause  of  such  omission  will  be  found  in  the  fact  that  his  name  is  not  in  the  authorized 
"Records"of  the  Commonwealth.  The  names  of  the  officers  are  given  according  to  their 
respective  grades.  The  names  of  line  and  staff"  officers  are  arranged  alphabetically.  The 
names  of  several  officers  credited  to  other  towns  and  states  are  added.  To  these  are  ap- 
pended the  names  of  several  officers  in  the  navy. 

The  Soldiers'  names  are  given  as  found  in  the  "Records,"  mentioned  above.  Some  are 
repeated  two  or  three  times,  because  they  belonged  to  different  companies  or  regiments.*  It 
was  impossible  to  give  the  names  of  all  those  who  received  wounds.  The  names  of  deserters 
are  inserted,  because  they  could  not  be  omitted  without  sacrificing  the  truth  of  history. 
They  do  not  deserve  to  be  in  the  hst,  but  it  is  none  the  less  a  ''Roll  of  Honor,"  though  their 
names  are  included.  This  Roll  will  be  a  title  of  nobility  in  the  estimation  of  childi-en,  and 
children's  children,  in  coming  generations. 

BREVET  MAJOR-GENERAL. 
Charles  Devens,  jr.,  Major  Third  Battalion  Rifles;  Colonel  Fifteenth  Regiment;  Brigadier- 
General,  April,  1862;  Brevet  Major-General. 

BREVET  BRIGADIER-GENERALS. 

Augustus  B.  R.  Sprague,  Captain  Company  A,  Third  Battalion  Rifles;  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
Twenty-fifth;  Colonel,  Fifty-first;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  SecondHeavy  Artillery;  Colonel  do. ; 
Brevet  Brigadier-General. 

Josiah  Pickett,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Third  Rifles ;  Captain,  Company  A,  Twenty- 
fifth;  Major,  Colonel,  Brevet  Brigadier-General. 

William  S.  Lincoln,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Thirty-fourth  ;  Colonel,  Brevet  Brigadier- 
General. 

Arthur  A.  Goodell,  Sergeant-Major,  Third  Rifles;  Adjutant  do.;  Captain,  Company  A, 
Thirty-sixth;  Major,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Brevet  Brigadier-General. 

COLONELS. 

George  H.  Ward,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Fifteenth ;  Colonel. 

George  C.  JosUn,  Second-Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Third  Rifles;  Captain,  Company  I, 
Fifteenth;  Major,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Colonel. 

Julius  Massena  Tucker,  Second-Lieutenant,  Thirty-sixth;  First  Lieutenant,  Fifty-seventh; 
Captain,  Major,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Brevet  Colonel. 

*  The  second  volume  of  the  "Records"  is  not  published,  but  the  proof-sheets  have  been  examined  nearly  as 
far  as  the  thousandth  page.    The  rolls  of  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps,  and  the  colored  regiments,  are  not  yet 
printed,  but  the  names  of  the  Worcester  men  are  to  be  found,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  following  tables. 
(519) 


520  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 

Orson  Moulton,  Third  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Third  Rifles;  Captain,  Company  H, 
Twenty -fifth ;  Lieutenant-Colonel. 
John  M.  Studley,  Captain,  Fifteenth;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Fifty-first. 
David  M.  "Woodward,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  H,  Twenty- fifth ;  Lieutenant-Colonel. 

MAJORS. 

John  W.  Davis,  Sergeant,  Company  I,  Twenty-Fifth;  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Major. 

Elijah  A.  Harkness,  Fourth  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Third  Rifles ;  Adjutant,  Twenty- 
fifth  ;  Major,  Fifty-first. 

Matthew  J .  McCatTerty,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  C,  Third  Rifles ;  Major,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Dexter  F.  Paiker,  Light  Infantry,  Fourth  Lieutenant,  May  4,  1861,  Captain  and  Assistant 
Quartermaster,  August  3,  1861,  Major,  Tenth,  August  2,  1862. 

Harrison  W.  Pratt,  Captain,  Light  Infantry;  Captain,  Company  A,  Thirty-Fourth,  Major. 

Frederick  G.  Stiles,  Captain  Company  E,  Forty-Second;  Major. 

Benjamin  A.  Ball,  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Third  Heavy  Artillery,  Brevet-Major. 

Merritt  B.  Bessey,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth;  Captain,  Brevet  Major. 

Charles  H.  Davis,  Sergeant-Major;  Captain,  Commissary  Department;  Brevet  Major. 

Francis  E.  Goodwin,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth;  Captain,  Brevet  Major. 

Edward  T.  Raymond,  Sergeant,  Company  K,  Twenty-fifth ;  Sergeant,  Company  G,  Thirty- 
Sixth;  Second-Lieutenant,  First  do. ;  Captain,  Brevet  Major. 

William  R.  Steele,  Oct.  28, 1862 ;  expiration  of  service  July  28, 1364,  as  Major  hy  Brevet. 

CAPTAINS. 

George  F.  Allen,  Captain,  IT.  S.  C.  Troops. 

L.  Henry  Bailey,  Captain  Company  G,  Thirty-Sixth. 

"William  B.  Bacon,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  K,  Thirteenth;  Captain,  Thirty-Fourth. 

John  S.  Baldwin,  Captain  Company  F,  Fifty-First. 

Amos  Bartlett,  Captain,  Fifteenth. 

George  E.  Barton,  Sergeant  Major,  Fifty-First;  Captain,  Fifty-Seventh. 

J.  Orlando  Bemis,  Second  Lieutenant,  Fifty-First;  Second  and  First  Lieutenant,  Fourth 
Heavy  Artillery.  Captain. 

Robert  H.  Chamberlain,  First  Lieutenant,  Captain. 

"William  Daly,  Sergeant  Company  C,  Third  Rifles ;  Second  Lieutenant  Twenty-Fifth ;  First 
Lieutenant;  Captain. 

J.  "Waldo  Denny,  Second  Lieutenant  Light  Infantry ;  Captain,  Company  K,  Twenty-Fifth. 

James  M.  Drennan,  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Samuel  S.  Eddy,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  F,  Fifty-First;  First  Lieutenant,  Company 
F,  Forty-Second ;  Captain. 

Arthur  P.  Forbes,  Second  and  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Augustus  Ford,  First  Lieutenant,  Captain. 

Albert  H.  Foster,  Captain,  Company  D,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Henry  P.  Fox,  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Sixth ;  Captain. 

Jalaam  Gates,  Corporal,  Twenty -Fifth ;  Captain  First  N.  C.  C.  "Vols. 

John  B.  Goodell,  First  Lieutenant,  Captam,  Company  C,  Fifty-First. 

John  L.  Goodwin,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifty-Seventh  ;  Captain. 

John  8.  Hall,  Sergeant,  Second  and  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Company  K. 

Thomas  J.  Hastings,  Sergeant  Company  D,  Fifteenth ;  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieuten- 
ant, Captain. 

Thomas  "W.  Higginson,  Captain  Company  C,  Fifty-First. 

Horace  Hobhs,  Captain,  Company  H,  Fifty-First. 

Edward  E.  Howe,  Second  Lieutenant  Company  I,  Twenty -First;  First  Lieutenant,  Captain. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  521 

John  B .  Knox,  Sergeant,  Company  D,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant ;  First  Lieutenant, 
Captain  in  Signal  Corps. 

Michael  S.  McConville,  Captain,  Company  C,  Third  Battalion  Rifles. 

James  J.  McLauo,  Sergeant,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth;  First  Lieuteuont,  First  N.  C. 
Union  Vols. ;  Captain. 

Edwin  A.  Morse,  Corporal,  Company  C,  Thirty-Sixth;  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lienten- 
ant,  Captain. 

James  O'Keefe,  First  Lieutenant  Company  H,  Twenty-Eighth;  Captain. 

Thomas  O'Noil,  Lieutenant,  Company  C,  Third  Rifles,  Captain,  Company  E,  Twenty-Fifth. 

George  C.  Parker,  Private  Company  F,  Twenty-First ;  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieutenant, 
Captain. 

Everett  W.  Pattison,  Sergeant,  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Second. 

Sydney  W.  Phillips,  Captain  in  Ordnance  Department. 

Nicholas  Powers,  Corporal,  Company  C,  Third  Rifles :  Captain,  Fifteenth. 

George  W.  Prouty,  First  Lieutenant,  Light  Infantry ;  Captain,  Company  D,  Fifty-First. 

Moses  P.  Richardson,  First  Lieutenant,  Brevet  Captain. 

B.  Frank  Rogers,  Captain,  Twenty-First. 

Alexis  C.  Soley,  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Fourth ;  Captain. 

George  F.  Thompson,  First  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fifth,  Captain,  Commissary  Subsistence 
U.  S.  Vols. 

John  Treanor,  Captain,  Twenty-Eighth. 

William  H.  Valentine,  Sergeant-Major,  Twenty -First :  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieuten- 
ant, Captain. 

Louis  Wageley,  Private,  Company  A,  Third  Rifles;  Captain,  Company  G,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Alanson  EI.  Ward,  Captain,  Sixty-First. 

Edward  R.  Washburn,  Captain,  Company  K,  Forty-Second. 

Thomas  S.  Washburn,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  K,  Twenty-First,  Captain. 

William  P.  Wheeler,  Captain,  Company  E,  Fifty -First. 

Edwin  A.  Wood,  Captain,  Company  A,  Fifty-First. 

Edwin  P.  Woodward,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  D,  Fifteenth,  Captain. 

George  M.  Woodward,  First  Lieutenant,  Captain,  Fifty-Fifth. 

FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 

Henry  Bacon,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  C,  Thirty -Fourth ;  First  Lieutenant. 

Henry  D.  Barber,  Sergeant  Major,  Thirty-First;  First  Lieutenant. 

Luther  H.  Bigelow,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  C,  Fifty-first;  First  Lieutenant. 

John  E.  Calligan,  Sergeant,  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Fourth. 

George  S.  Campbell,  Second  Lieutenant,  Twenty -Eighth;  First  Lieutenant. 

Luther  Capron,  Jr.,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  D,  Forty-Second. 

Edward  P.  Cotting,  Hospital  Steward,  Fifty- First;  Second  Lieutenant,  Seventeenth;  First 
Lieutenant. 

Charles  B.  Cutler,  Second  and  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Fourth. 

Henry  W.  Daniels,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  C,  Thirty-Sixth;  First  Lieutenant. 

Benjamin  D.  Dwinnell,  Quartermaster,  Fifty -First;  First  Lieutenant,  Second  Heavy 
Artillery. 

Anthony  Earle,  First  Lieutenant,  Sixty-First. 

James  E.  Estabrook,  Quartermaster,  Third  Rifles;  First  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Eighth. 

Joshua  Freeman,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifteenth. 

Warren  A.  Fuller,  Quartermaster  Sergeant,  Fourth  Cavalry ;  Second  Lieutenant,  First 
Lieutenant. 

Stephen  E.  Greene,  Second  Lieutenant,  Second  Heavy  Artillery;  First  Lieutenant. 

Charles  N.  Hair,  First  Lieutenant,  Fourth  Heavy  Artillery. 

James  M.  Hervey,  Sergeant,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth;  First  Lieutenant,  N.  C.  U.  V. 

Charles  H.  Heywood,  Second  Lieutenant,  Fourth  Heavy  Artillery. 


522  WORCESTER     IN    THE    WAR. 

Lyman  F.  Hooker,  First  and  Second  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Charles  A.  Hurlburt,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifteenth ;  transferred  to  Twentieth. 

Henry  M.  Ide,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifty-Seventh. 

Henry  G.  Jennings,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifty-First. 

Levi  Lincoln,  Jr.,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  E,  Thirty -Fourth ;  First  Lieutenant. 

John  A.  Lovell,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Thirty-fourth;  First  Lieutenant. 

Henry  Matthews,  Sergeant,  Company  D,  Twenty -Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant,  First  Lieu- 
tenant. 

Michael  McKeon,  First  and  Second  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Albert  M.  Murdock,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifty-Seventh. 

Charles  M.  Murray,  Second  and  First  Lieutenant,  Fifteenth. 

Dwight  Newbury,  Scrgeant-Major,  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  Fifteenth, 

Michael  O'DriscolI,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  0,  Third  Rifles. 

John  J.  O'Gorman,  Corporal,  Company  C,  Third  Rifles;  First  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Eighth. 

James  O'Keefe,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  H,  Thirty -Fourth;  First  Lieutenant. 

Aaron  Parker,  Company  D,  Twenty -Fifth ;  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Sixth  U.  S.  C.T. 

Charles  H.  Peck,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  F,  Fifty-First. 

George  F.  Penniman,  First  Lieutenant,  U.  S.  C.  Troops. 

Daniel  E.  Pond,  Corporal;  Lieutenant  in  UUmann's  Brigade. 

Henry  W.  Reed,  Second  Lieutenant,  Second  Heavy  Artillery;  First  Lieutenant. 

John  B.  Reed,  Twenty-Fifth:  First  Lieutenant,  N.  C.  U.  Vols. 

Francis  B.  Rice,  Quartermaster  and  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Sixth. 

John  A.  Rice,  Sergeant,  Company  C,  Thirty-Sixth;  First  Lieutenant. 

Henry  "W.  Richter,  First  Lieutenant,  Company  G,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Charles  W.  Rost,  First  Lieutenant,  Twentieth. 

Robert  B.  Sinclair,  Sergeant,  Company  H,  Thirty -Fourth ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Second 
Heavy  Artillery ;  First  Lieutenant. 

Thomas  J.  Spurr,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  G,  Fifteenth;  First  Lieutenant. 

William  R.  Steele,  First  Lieutenant,  Fifteenth. 

Charles  F.  Tew,  Sergeant,  Company  K,  Twenty -Fifth;  Scoond  Lieutenant,  First  Lieu- 
tenant. 

Albert  C.  Walker,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  H,  Thirty-Fourth ;  First  Lieutenant. 

Timothy  M.  Ward,  First  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fifth. 

James  C.  E.  Woodbury,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  H,  Thirty-Fourth ;  First  Lieutenant, 
Thirty-Fifth;  U.  S.  Colored  Troops. 

Samuel  F.  Woods,  Fourth  Lieutenant,  Company  B,  Third  Rifles ;  First  Lieutenant,  Thirty- 
Fourth;  Adjutant. 

SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

Charles  E.Barnard,  Sergeant,  Fifty -First;  Second  Lieutenant. 

Nicholas  J.  Barrett,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  H,  Twenty-eighth. 

William  F.  Belser,  Sergeant,  Company  E,  Thirty -Fourth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 

Willian?  W.  Bemis,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Frederic  W.  Boswell,  Second  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Sixth. 

George  Burr,  Sergeant,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 

James  L.  Carter,  Second  Lieutenant,  Nineteenth. 

John  A.  Cheney,  Second  Lieutenant.  First  N.  C.  C.  Troops. 

James  M.  Child,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Henry  S.  Clark,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Edward  I.  Coe,  Second  Lieutenant,  Fifty-Seventh. 

Marcus  M.  CoUis,  Second  Lieutenant. 

George  H.  Conklin,  Second  Lieutenant,  Second  Heavy  Artillery. 

Thomas  Earle,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth. 

Samuel  A.  Goodspeed,  Sergeant,  Company  C,  Thirty-Sixth;  Second  Lieutenant. 


THE    ROLL    OF    HONOR.  523 

Rudolph  Hacker,  Sergeant,  Company  G,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 
H.  A.  Harding.  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  E,  Forty-Second. 
C.  N.  Harrington,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  A,  Fifty-First. 
Martin  Hays,  Sergeant,  Company  C,  Third  Rifles ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Fifteenth. 
Joseph  W.  Hobbs,  Second  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fourth. 

George  A.  Johnson,  Sergeant,  Company  A,  Twenty -Fifth;  Second  Lieutenant;  Sixty-First. 
Frank  C.  Kinnicutt,  Sergeant,  Company  H,  Thirty -Fourth;  Second  Lieutenant. 
John  B.  McLane,  Company  E,  Twenty-Fifth;    Second   Lieutenant,  First  N.  C.  U. T. 
James  O'lSTeil,  Corporal,  Company  E,  Twenty -Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 
James  Peacock,  Sergeant;  Second  Lieutenant. 

Charles  H.  Pelton,  Sergeant,  Company  H,  Twenty-Fifth;  Second  Lieutenant. 
Charles  H.  Pinkham,  Second  Lieutenant,  Fifty-Seventh. 

JoelH.  Prouty,  Private  Light  Infantry ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  D,  Fifty-First. 
Gilbert  N.  Rawson,  Second  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Sixth* 
Stephen  H.  Rhoades,  Sergeant;  Second  Lieutenant,  U.  S.  C.  Troops. 
George  M.  Rice,  Jr.,  Second  Lieutenant,  Second  Heavy  Artillery. 
Myron  S.  Sanford,  Second  Lieutenant,  Second  Heavy  Artillery. 
Walter  W.  Scott,  Second  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Fourth. 
Dennis  M.  Sheehan,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  E,  Twenty-Fifth. 
Frank  L.  Smith,  First  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fifth;  Second  Lieutenant,  U.  8.  C.  Troops. 
George  A.  Spaulding,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  D,  Twenty-Fifth. 
John  W.  Stiles,  Sergeant,  Company  A,  Thirty -Fourth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 
Augustus  Stone,  Company  A,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Fourth  Heavy  Artillery, 
Edward  S.  Stone,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Charles  H.  Stratton,  Sergeant,  Company  D,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 
Melville  E.  Walker,  Sergeant,  Company  H,  Thirty -Fourth;  Second  Lieutenant. 
Charles  J.  Ward,  Sergeant,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Frederick  E.  Weigand,  Second  Lieutenant,  Company  G,  Twenty-Fifth. 
Edward  W.  Wellington,  Sergeant,  Company  H,  Twenty -Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Second 
Cavalry. 
James  C.  Woodworth,  Sergeant,  Company  H,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Second  Lieutenant. 
Maurice  Melaven,  Fourth  Lieutenant,  Company  C,  Third  Rifles. 
George  F.  Allen,  Company  D,  Twenty -Fifth ;  Lieutenant  in  Colored  Vols. 
Isaac  R.  Barber,  Jr.,  Company  D,  Twenty- Fifth;  Lieutenant  in  Colored  Vols. 
Francis  Bridges,  Corporal,  Company  H,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Lieutenant  U.  S.  Colored  Troops. 
Willard  Cheney,  Jr.,  Sergeant;  Lieutenant  in  U.  S.  C.  Troops. 
Paul  A.  Goodspeed,  Lieutenant. 
John  Methven,  Lieutenant,  U.  S.  C.  Troops. 
John  D.  Mirick,  Corporal,  Company  H,  Twenty-Fifth ;  Lieutenant,  Thirty-Fifth U.  S.  C.  T. 

SURGEONS.* 
Joseph  IST.  Bates,  Fifteenth. 

Samuel  Foster  Haven,  Jr.,  Fifteenth;  killed  at  Fredericksburg. 
Peter  Hubon,  Twenty-Eighth. 
Oramel  Martin,  Third  Battalion  Rifles. 
J.  Marcus  Rice,  Twenty-First. 
Samuel  Flagg,  Assistant  Surgeon,  Twenty-Fifth. 
Horace  Mccorney,  Assistant  Surgeon,  Twenty-Fifth. 
Edwin  F.  Ward,  Assistant  Surgeon. 

CHAPLAINS. 

Charles  T.  Canfield,  Thirty-Sixth. 

Joseph  C.  Cromack,  Nineteenth;  transferred  to  Twenty-Second. 

Gilbert  Cummings,  Fifty-First, 

Horace  James,  Twenty-Fifth. 

*  See  pp.  389-391. 


524  WORCESTER  IN  THE  WAR. 

ADJUTANTS. 
George  "W.  Baldwin,  Fifteenth,  Captain. 
J.  Stewart  Brown,  Fifty-First. 
Charles  B.  KoiidoU,  Lieutenant,  Twenty-Fifth. 
Henry  McConville,  Twenty -Fifth ;  Captain,  Brevet-Major. 

QUARTERMASTERS. 
James  C.  Estabrook,  Thirtieth. 

Church  Howe,  Captain,  Fifteenth ;  General  Sedgwick's  Staff. 
George  F.  Thompson,  Twenty-First;  Captain. 
Francis  B.  "Wright,  Thirty-Sixth. 

NOK-COMMISSIONED  STAFF. 
John  Grayson,  Quartermaster  Sergeant,  Fifth  Cavalry. 
Nathaniel  S.  Liscomb,        "  "  Third  Rifles. 

Edward  A.  Rice,  "  "  Fifteenth. 

William  R.  Steele,  "  "  " 

Elbridge  G.  Watkins,        "  " 

Amos  D.  Wehen,  "  "  Fifth  Cavalry. 

Charles  D.  Browing,  Sergeant  Major,    First  Cavalry, 
Nelson  A.  Goes,  "  " 

Lewis  J.  Elwell,  Sergeant  Major,  Commissary  Sergeant. 
Daniel  W.  Freeman,  "  " 

John  S-  Hall,  "  " 

Samuel  H.  Putnam,  "  " 

David  F.  Laury,  Commissary  Sergeant. 
Albert  H.  Glcason,  Hospital  Steward. 
Joseph  M.  Tourtollott,  " 

Amasa  D.  Ward,  " 

OFFICERS  IN  OTHER  CORPS. 

Hasbrouck  Davis,  Brigadier-General  in  Illinois  Cavalry. 

John  L.  Thompson,  Brigadier-General  in  N.  H.  Cavalry. 

Calvin  E.  Pratt,  Brigadier-General  in  N.  Y.  Regiment. 

John  B.  Wyman,  Brigadier-General  in  Illinois  Infantry. 

William  N.  Green,  jr.,  Second  Lieutenant,  One  Hundred  and  Second  N.  T".  Vols.;  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, One  Hundred  and  Seventy-third  N.  Y.  Vols.;  Colonel,  Brevet  Brigadier- 
General. 

Thomas  W.  Higginson,  Colonel,  First  South  Carolina  (colored)  Volunteers. 

George  M.  Curtis,  Major  in  a  New  York  Regiment. 

John  M.  Goodhue,  Adjutant.  Captain,  Major,  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Henry  C.  Ward,  Second  Lieutenant,  Fifteenth ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Fifty-Seventh ;  Cap- 
tain in  U.  S.  Army. 

Francis  Bacon,  Lieutenant  in  a  New  York  Regiment. 

NAVAL  OFFICERS. 
George  S.  Blake,  Commodore. 
Charles  P.  Blake,  Lieutenant  Commanding, 
Bancroft  Ghirardi,  Lieutenant. 
Charles  E.  Brown,  Ensign. 
J.  C.  Dutch,  Ensign. 
W.  H.  Hathorne,  Ensign,  Paymaster. 
George  M.  Rice,  Jr.,  Ensign. 
George  D.  Upham,  Ensign. 


THE  ROLL  OF  HONOR. 

PART  II. — NAMES  OT  SOLDIERS. 

In  the  following  pages  the  names  of  the  Worcester  soldiers  are  arranged  by  regiments 
and  companies.  The  names  of  Sergeants,  Corporals,  Musicians,  Wagoners,  Blacksmiths, 
Armorers  and  Artificers  are  first  given,  according  to  rank ;  then  follow  the  soldiers'  names 
in  alphabetical  order. 

SIXTH  REGIMENT  INEANTRY.— THREE  MONTHS. 


X- „                        Date  of 

^^'"^«-                        Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  B.* 

Thomas  8.  Washburn,  S., 

Apr,  22,  '61 

2d  Lieutenant,    May  21st,  1861. 

John  A.  Lowell,  S., 

"         " 

August  2nd,    1861;     expiration  of  service. 

J.  Stuart  Brown,  S., 

"         " 

"              "                                do 

Charles  H.  Stratton,  S., 

"         " 

do 

James  A.  Taylor,  S., 

"         " 

«              "                              do 

Joel  H.  Prouty,  C, 

"         " 

do 

Edward  S.  Stone,  C., 

1(              u 

do 

William  H.  Hobbs,  C, 

'<          " 

"                              do 

WiUiam  C.  Roundy,  M., 

"          '< 

"             "                              do 

Edwin  Stalhurth,  M., 

U                 11 

do 

Abbott,  Caleb  F., 

a          II 

<<                              do 

Alden,  Benj.  F.  R., 

11          11 

"             "                             do 

Alden,  Edw.ard  W., 

II          11 

do 

Bacon,  John  W., 

11          11 

«                             do 

Ball,  David  H., 

11          11 

do 

Ballard,  Thomas  E., 

U               11 

do 

Belser,  William  F., 

11          11 

"             "                             do 

Bemis,  Henry, 

11          11 

"             "                             do 

Brainard,  Robert  M., 

II          11 

«                             do 

Brown,  Joseph  L., 

11          11 

"             "                             do 

Caligan,  John  E., 

II          II 

"                             do 

Campbell.  Edwin  A., 

II          11 

do 

Capron,  Edward  C, 

11           II 

"                             do 

Capron,  Luther,  jr., 

II          II 

do 

Casey,  Thomas  J., 

II          11 

"                             do 

Clissold,  Joseph., 

11          11 

"                              do 

Comsett,  Moses  W., 

11           II 

do 

Conklin.  George  H., 

11          11 

"              "                              do 

Conner,  William, 

11          II 

do 

Curtis,  Marcus, 

11          11 

do 

Dart,  Charles  E., 

11          11 

"             "                             do 

Dennis,  .John  B., 

11          II 

do 

Doherty,  Thomas  A., 

11           II 

"                              do 

Drury,  Ephraim  L., 

11          11 

do 

Drury,  Luke  T., 

11          (1 

do 

Dyson,  .Joseph, 

11          II 

do 

Estabrook,  Josiah  S., 

11          11 

do 

Gurnhardt,  Adam, 

11          11 

'<                              do 

Hacker,  Rudolph  A., 

11          11 

"                              do 

Hardy,  Henry, 

11          II 

do 

Hastings,  Ira  B., 

11          11 

"              "                              do 

Haven,  Henry  R., 

11          11 

do 

Hay,  Edwards., 

11          11 

"                              do 

Honrv,  -John, 

11          11 

do 

Hoar;  Adalbert  D.  V., 

11          11 

do 

Hodgkins,  Orlando, 

"           " 

do 

Houghton,  George  A., 

11          11 

"              "                              do 

Kidder,  James  P., 

11           11 

do 

Knapp,  John  M., 

11          11 

"              '<                              do 

Lincoln,  William, 

11          11 

"                              do 

Methven,  John  F., 

11          II 

do 

(525) 


=  Third  Battalion  Infantry  attached. 


526 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


SIXTH   REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  MONTHS.— Continued, 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  B. — CON. 

Moulton,  Cliarles  A., 

Apr. 

22,  '61 

May  18, 

'61; 

disability. 

Mulcahy,  John  F., 

" 

August 

2nd 

1861; 

expiration  of  service. 

Newton,  Myron  J., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Nolan,  James  H., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Parker.  Dexter  P., 

" 

4th  Lt., 

May 

4th,  1861. 

Perry,  Edward  B., 

" 

August 

2nd 

1861; 

expiration 

of  service. 

Piper,  William  H., 

** 

'* 

do 

Pierce,  J.  M.  T., 

June  17, '61 

i» 

do 

Rice,  Elbridge  M., 

Apr. 

22,  '61 

<« 

do 

Rice,  Joseph  0., 

" 

" 

do 

Richler,  Henry  M., 

" 

" 

do 

Riggs,  Calvin., 

" 

<< 

do 

Schwarz,  George, 

" 

u 

do 

Shaw,  Jamea  D., 

" 

(> 

do 

Sheehan,  Dennis  M., 

" 

tc 

do 

Sief,  Moilleux, 

" 

II 

do 

Smith,  J.  Baxter, 

" 

«' 

do 

Stiles,  John  W., 

" 

" 

do 

Talbot,  Thomas, 

11 

" 

do 

Thompson,  EdwiB  P., 

" 

It 

do 

Towle,  John, 

" 

II 

do 

Trumbull,  Charles  P., 

" 

II 

do 

Turner,  Peter  J., 

IC 

II 

do 

Valentine,  William  H., 

" 

II 

do 

Walker,  Albert  C, 

" 

II 

do 

Woigand,  Frederick, 

" 

II 

do 

Wliitcomb,  Andrew  J., 

" 

'1 

do 

Wilkins,  Daniel, 

" 

II 

do 

Wilkins,  James, 

" 

II 

do 

Wilson.  Charles  H., 

" 

II 

do 

Wolfe,  John, 

" 

II 

do 

Woodcock,  Ira^^ 
WoodAvard,  J.  Wallace, 

" 

•  1 

do 

" 

•1 

do 

Young,  Silas  E., 

" 

" 

do 

EIGHTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  MONTHS.— Company  H. 


Ward,  Charles  H. 


I  Apr.  30,  '61  I  August  1,  '61 ;  expiration  of  service. 


THIRD  BATTALION  RIFLEMEN.— THREE  MONTHS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Edward  W.  Adams,  8., 

May  19, 

'61 

August  3rd, 

1861; 

expiration 

of   service. 

Walter  S.  Bugbee,  8., 

do 

George  A.  Johnson,  8., 

do 

Charles  A.  Ward,  S., 

do 

James  M.  Hervey,  C., 

do 

Calvin  N.  Harrington,  C, 

do 

George  Burr,  C., 

do 

Henry  Mathews,  C, 

do 

William  11.  Heywood,  M., 

do 

James  Stewart,  M., 

do 

Alden,  Frank, 

"  23, 

do 

Aldrich,  William  H., 

"   19, 

do 

Bacon,  Francis, 

do 

Bartlett,  Charles  S., 

do 

Bessy,  Merritt  B., 

July  24th,  1861 

disability. 

Bigeiow,  George  P., 

August  3rd, 

1861; 

expiration 

of  service. 

Bigelow,  Luther  H., 

do 

Bond,  Charles  H., 

do 

Burdick,  Theodore, 

do 

Campbell,  George  S., 

do 

Champncy,  Lewis  C., 

do 

Cheney,  John  M., 

do 

Goes,  Frank  L.  R., 

do 

Curtis,  (ieorge  M., 

do 

CummLugs,  Jones  M., 

do 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  527 

THIRD  BATTALION  RIFLEMEN.— THEEE  MONTHS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  A.— CON. 

Cunningham,  Herman  E. 
Cutler,  Charles  B., 
Cutting.  Elmer, 
Da'is,  Charles, 
Daniels,  Henry  W., 
Dodge,  Edwin  L., 
Fairbanks,  Charles  F., 
Fuller,  Jerome  H., 
Gates,  Jaalam, 
Gilbert,  Amos  H., 
Gleason,  Thomas, 
Green,  Joel  W., 
Hatch,  George  W., 
Henry,  Charles, 
Heywood,  Willi.am, 
Howe.  Edward  E., 
Kendall,  Charles  B., 
Kendall,  Herbert  J., 
Li.<comb,  N.athaniel  8., 
Mclver.  David  H., 
McLane,  James  J., 
Molleu.  Henry, 
Moen,  Henry  A.  R., 
Monroe,  Charles  H., 
Morse,  Edwin  A., 
Parker,  AmosM., 
Pelton,  Charles  H., 
Plummer,  Francis  J., 
Pomroy,  John  W., 
Poole,  "Horace  W., 
Shaw.  Chester  B., 
Slocum,  James  S., 
Slocum,  Samuel  A., 
Spragiie.  AVelcome  W., 
Starr,  William, 
Steele,  William  R., 
Thompson,  John  A., 
Wagely,  Louis, 
Walker,  Melville,  E., 
Warren,  George  E., 
Watkins.  Elbridge  G., 
"Wood,  WilUam  H., 

COMPANY  B. 
Henry  M.  Ide,  8., 
James  W.  Stanley,  8., 
Artemas  D.  Bascom,  C., 
Sanford  E.  Stratton,  C, 
Baker,  William  E., 
Cohurn,  Nathan  8., 
Collier,  John  A., 
Earle,  Enoch, 
Earle,  William  H., 
Firth,  John, 
Franklin,  Edward  H., 
Hobart,  George,  jr., 
Earned,  George  H., 
McGaftey,  Charles  A., 
Nye,  William  A., 
Bockwood,  George  W., 
White,  Frederic  A., 

COMPANY  C. 

William  Daly,  8., 
Patrick  Curran,  8., 
Martin  Hayes,  8., 
Patrick,  Hayes,  8., 
Nicholas  Powers,  U., 


D.ate  of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


May  19,  '61   July  24th,  1861 ;  disability. 
"  "  do 

August  3rd,     1861;     expiration  of    service. 

do 
July  24th,  1861 ;  disability. 
Vugust  3rd,  1861;  expiration  of  service. 
July  24th,  1861 ;  disability. 
August  3rd,  1861;  expiration  of  service. 
July  10,  '61  "  "  do 

May  19,  '61   Died  at  Fort  McHenry,  July  4th,  1861, 

August  3rd,  1861;  expiration  of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
27,  "  July  24th,  1861 ;  disability. 
19,"  "  "  do 

Sergeant  Major,  July  Ist,  1861. 
August   3rd,    1861;    expiration  of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
July  24th,  1861 ;  disability. 
August  3rd,     1861 ;    expiration  of  service. 
June  3,  '61  "  "  do 

May  19,  '61  "  "  do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
May  22nd,  1861 ;  disability. 
August  3rd,  1861;  expiration  of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


"  "  do 

July  3rd,  1861 ;  disability. 
August   3rd,     1861;    expiration  of  service. 
"  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

July  24th,  1861 ;  disability. 
August   3rd,     1861;    expiration  of  service, 
do 
"  do 

«  do 

«  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

July  Ist,  1861,  disability. 


August  3rd,     1861;  expiration  of  service. 
"             "  do 

"  "  do 

«  "  do 

"  "  do 


528 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


THIRD  BATTALION  RIFLEMEN.— THREE  MONTHS.-Continued. 


Names. 

D.ate  of 

Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  C— CON. 

John  O'Gonnan,  C., 
George  Chandley,  C, 

May  19,  '61 

August 

3rd 

'  (, 

1861; 

expiration  of  service, 
do 

Edward  F.  Murray,  M., 

<i         i( 

11 

If 

do 

Brazzle,  Patrick, 

(>          i( 

u 

fj 

do 

Brewer,  James  M., 

"          " 

'< 

i: 

do 

Burns,  James, 

"          " 

'1 

II 

do 

Carroll,  John, 

c<            a 

If 

11 

do 

Collins,  Michael, 

(I           <i 

11 

11 

do 

Connors,  Jeremiah, 

(1            II 

11 

ff 

do 

Derry,  Patrick, 

"           '' 

i( 

ff 

do 

Doherty,  James, 

II            ti 

u 

f( 

do 

Donahoe.  Daniel, 

II           11 

II 

If 

do 

Downey,  Dennis, 

II            II 

a 

II 

do 

Empey,  Robert, 

II            11 

« 

" 

do 

Finn,  Thomas, 

II           II 

11 

If 

do 

Gavin,  Anthony, 

11            <i 

a 

ff 

do 

Hammond,  James, 

<i            II 

11 

ff 

do 

Harrington,  Barth'mew, 

II              u 

i( 

If 

do 

Hayes,  Edward, 

II           II 

(1 

If 

do 

Hiiies,  John, 

11           <i 

11 

ff 

do 

Keegan,  Michael, 

11 

If 

do 

Keegan,  Patrick, 

11 

ff 

do 

Kelley,  Patrick, 

11           11 

" 

ff 

do 

Kerr,  John, 

II           11 

" 

If 

do 

McCann,  Felix, 

II           II 

If 

If 

do 

McConville,  Henry, 

II           II 

Hospital  Steward,  May  22nd,  1861. 

McDonald,  John, 

II                  14 

August 

3rd 

1861; 

expiration 

of  service. 

McDonald,  Michael, 

II                  (1 

ff 

do 

McGinnis,  John, 

II                 11 

If 

ff 

do 

McHannon,  James, 

II                 II 

If 

ff 

do 

McKenna,  James, 

11                U 

July  24th,  1862 

disability. 

McKeon,  Michael, 

"                " 

August 

3rd, 

1S61; 

expiration 

of  service. 

McKeon,  Thomas, 

1(                II 

'• 

do 

McLane,  John  B., 

II                II 

If 

do 

McLaughlin,  Daniel, 

II                II 

II 

do 

Moore,"George, 

II                11 

fi 

do 

Moran,  James, 

II                II 

If 

do 

Morrison,  Francis, 

11               u 

f 

do 

Morton,  John, 

II               u 

fi 

do 

O'Brien,  John, 

II          II 

If 

do 

O'Keefe.  James, 

June  19  " 

If 

do 

Roach,  Michael, 

May  19  " 

ff 

do 

Tobin,  John, 

11          II 

ff 

do 

Tobin  Michael, 

11         11 

ff 

do 

Trayner,  John, 

II          11 

«< 

do 

Ward,  Napoleon, 

11          11 

" 

do 

FIFTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY.— ONE   HUNDRED  DAYS. 


COMPANY  B. 

Stone,  Frank  8., 
Taft,  Albert  M., 
Vibbert,  Albert  H., 


July  25,  '64 


November  16,    1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

•'  do 

'■  "  do 


SIXTH   REGIMENT    INFANTRY.— ONE  HUNDRED  DAYS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Taylor,  Samuel  W., 

July  15,  '64 

October  27th,    1864; 

expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  B. 

Lee,  WilUam  D., 

"    17  '« 

f(               f< 

do 

COMPANY  C. 

Burnham,  James  H., 

11     igil 

ff               <( 

do 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  529 

FORTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— ONE  HUNDRED  DAYS. 


Names, 

* 

Date  of 
Muster, 

Remarks, 

COMPANY  C. 

Wilson,  Dwight  O., 

July 

14,  '64 

November 

11, 

1864; 

expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  E. 

Fergus  A.  Easton,  S., 

July 

22,  '64 

u 

" 

do 

Daniel  Moonoy,  S., 

" 

(( 

do 

Benjamin  F.  I'ayue,  C, 

(( 

u 

« 

do 

Frank  Maple,  C, 

'< 

l( 

(( 

do 

Bruno,  John, 

'« 

a 

<( 

do 

Carney,  Matthew, 

" 

" 

a 

do 

Childs,  nenry  W., 

" 

" 

u 

do 

Crichton,  James, 

<' 

a 

a 

do 

Denuey,  Daniel  E., 

'« 

" 

ti 

do 

Fay,  Eugene  L., 

'< 

" 

" 

do 

Jaques,  Noble  E., 

" 

a 

a 

do 

Jones,  Willard  W.,  jr., 

" 

" 

a 

do 

Moynihan,  Martin, 

" 

<4 

a 

do 

Sargent,  Henry  S., 

" 

a 

(( 

do 

Ward,  George  F., 

" 

" 

a 

do 

Woodcock,  Henry  B., 

" 

a 

a 

do 

COMPANY  F. 

Alfred  T.  Eddy,  8., 

July 

15, '64 

a 

(( 

do 

Elliott  G.  Leathers,  S., 

" 

(( 

(C 

do 

S.  Payson  Perry,  C., 

" 

a 

a 

do 

Justin  B.  Willard,  C, 

u 

a 

a 

do 

John  F.  Rawson,  C., 

u 

a 

a 

do 

Adams,  Henry  B., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Ager,  John  F., 

" 

(( 

a 

do 

Aldrich,  George  W,, 

(( 

a 

a 

do 

Beaman,  Elmer  A., 

" 

ti 

li 

do 

Bowdish,  Alvin, 

ii 

u 

(( 

do 

Briggs.  Thomas  J., 

(( 

" 

" 

do 

Bruso,  Peter, 

(( 

(( 

a 

do 

Chase,  Charles  E., 

u 

" 

a 

do 

Cutler,  William  T., 

" 

Died  October  24, 1864,  at  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Dixon,  Ezra, 

u 

November 

11, 

1864; 

expiration  of  service. 

Fay,  Herbert  W., 

" 

" 

U 

do 

Harrington,  Charles  L., 

a 

" 

" 

do 

Harrington,  George  G., 

u 

" 

<( 

do 

Henry,  James  P.,  jr., 

" 

c< 

" 

do 

Jaquos,  John, 

a 

ii 

(( 

do 

Knowles,  Benj.  S., 

li 

" 

(( 

do 

Kolsett,  Hans, 

" 

a 

« 

do 

Lamson,  David  A.  J., 

a 

ti 

a 

do 

Lovell,  Freeman, 

" 

" 

i( 

do 

Lowell,  Henry  EL, 

a 

Died  October  5, 

1864, 

at  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Mackey,  Thomas  J., 

a 

November 

"a 

1864; 

expiration  of   service. 

Pratt,  Alvin  S., 

" 

'* 

do 

Putnam,  Charles  F., 

a 

f( 

<( 

do 

Rice,  George  H., 

" 

<' 

" 

do 

Simpson,  George  L., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Stimpson,  Joseph  N., 

u 

" 

" 

do 

Stone,  Samuel, 

" 

Died  September  18,  1864,  at  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Towne,  William  H., 

a 

November 

11, 

1864; 

expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  G. 

Mason  A.  Boyden,  8., 

July 

21,  '64 

" 

(( 

do 

Charles  S.  Jefts,  S., 

a 

'< 

" 

do 

Elbridge  H.  Jefts,  S., 

a 

a 

'< 

(( 

do 

Henry  S.  Hall,  C., 

" 

a 

" 

" 

do 

Alonzo  G.  Hutchins,  C, 

If 

" 

i( 

" 

do 

Herbert  W.  Mills,  M., 

" 

a 

" 

i( 

do 

Cooper,  C.  Henry, 

a 

" 

'< 

" 

do 

Corrigan,  John, 

" 

(( 

" 

i( 

do 

Costigan,  John  J., 

(( 

'< 

" 

" 

do 

Crocket,  Alonzo  D., 

" 

li 

<< 

(1 

do 

Curtis,  Charles  A., 

a 

" 

'< 

<< 

do 

Denny,  Winslow  8., 

^^ 

i( 

" 

" 

do 

34 


530  WORCESTER     IN    THE     WAR. 

FORTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  ESTFANTRY.— ONE  HUNDRED  DAYS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  G.— CON. 

Dickinson,  Fred  S., 

July  21,  '64 

November 

11 

1864 

expiratior 

of  service. 

Greenwood,  Morrill  A., 

do 

Johnson,  Danforth, 

do 

Patch,  Vernon  A., 

do 

Robinson.  Henry  F., 

do 

Russell,  Henry  F., 

do 

Stearns,  George  A., 

do 

Tully,  James, 

do 

Turley,  "William, 

do 

SIXTIETH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— ONE  HUNDRED  DAYS. 


COMPANY   F. 

Ora  Howard,  S., 

July  20,  '64 

November  30,  1864; 

expiration  of  service. 

Joseph  A.  Long,  S., 

do 

Edwin  S.  Gould,  C, 

do 

Theodore  Remington,  C, 

do 

Ayres,  Charles  R., 

do 

Barker,  Charles  R., 

do 

Barnard,  Frederic  J., 

do 

Bynner,  Walter  II., 

do 

Chapin,  Charles  S., 

do 

Darling,  John  E., 

do 

Fitch,  Dana  K., 

do 

Goodell,  Milton  B., 

do 

Green,  Nathaniel  L., 

do 

Hale,  Amos  H., 

do 

COMPANY  G. 

League,  Timothy, 

"  19,  " 

"               " 

do 

NINETEENTH  LTSTATTACHED  COMPANY  INFANTRY.— ONE  YEAR. 


Charles  W.  Johnson,  8., 

Nov.  25, 

'64 

June 

27, 

1865; 

expiration    of  service. 

Henry  T.Brigham,C., 

do 

Bartlett,  John  S., 

do 

Batchelor.  Arthur  H., 

do 

Bullard,  Perry. 

do 

Cunnincham,  Michael, 

do 

Lowe,  Herbert, 

do 

FORTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS. 


COMPANY  E. 

Samuel  Fiske,  8., 

Sept.  30,  '62 

August 

20, 

1863 

expiration 

of 

service. 

John  L.  Keyes,  S., 

do 

Henry  itellcn,  C, 

do 

Maxim  Lovely,  C, 

do 

Charles  E.Bent,  M., 

do 

Frank  H.  Cook,  M., 

do 

Allen,  D.ivid  B., 

do 

Brooks,  Nathaniel  N., 

do 

Burgess,  Joseph  A., 

do 

Denny,  Everett  A., 

do 

Dorman,  Alender  E., 

do 

Doyle,  James, 

do 

Goughan,  Patrick, 

Deserted  Octob 

er  4, 

1862, 

Worcester. 

Keyes,  Jonas  C, 

August 

20, 

1863 

expiratior 

of 

service. 

McCracken,  George  J., 

»i 

do 

McDoUen,  Archibald, 

do 

Parker,  Charles  F., 

do 

Pool,  Francis  N., 

do 

Putnam,  Henry  E., 

do 

Regan,  John, 

do 

Richards,  Henry  A., 

do 

THE     ROLL,     OF     HONOR. 


531 


FORTT-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  E. — CON. 

Sird,  Louis, 
Smith,  A.'xron, 
Taylor,  George  W., 
Wall^er,  Frederick, 
Waters,  Buckley, 
Wigglesworth,  Eli, 
Worcester,  Edward  J.. 
Yeaton,  John  C, 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Sept.  30,  '62 


Remarks. 


August     20,     1863; 


expiration  of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


FORTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— Company  L 


Cresson,  James, 
Mason,  Elisha  L., 


INov.  19,  '62  I  Died  June  4th,  1863,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
I     "         "      1  September  1st,  1803:  expiration  of  service. 


FIFTIETH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS. 


COMPANY  I. 

Patrick  Kelley,  S., 

Sept 

30, 

'62 

August 

24, 

1863; 

expiration  of  service. 

Michael  P.  Kiolly,  8., 

" 

If 

do 

John  Kerr,  8., 

a 

If 

do 

John  Magcnnis,  8., 

<< 

11 

do 

John  nines,  S., 

Died  August  6,  1863, 

at  sea. 

Peter  J.  MoConville,  C, 

August 

24, 

1863; 

expiration  of  service. 

Nicholas  McMahon,  C., 

" 

do 

James  O'Neill,  C, 

;• 

" 

do 

James  J.  Power,  C., 

(I 

do 

Philip  O'Conncll,  C., 

u 

do 

John  Russell,  C, 

If 

do 

Michael  McDonald,  C, 

Died  Au 

gust  19,  1863 

,  at  Worcester. 

Boyle,  James, 

August 

24, 

1863; 

expiration  of  service. 

Bradley,  John, 

"" 

do 

Brazil,  John, 

" 

do 

Clark,  James, 

11 

do 

Clune,  Henry, 

(I 

do 

Clune,  James, 

(1 

do 

Connor,  Thomas, 

u 

do 

Couch,  Henry, 

1( 

do 

Curboy,  John, 

u 

do 

Danaby,  Thom.as, 

1( 

do 

Darney,  William  H., 

<I 

do 

Delaney,  James, 

" 

do 

Dolan,  Patrick, 

1( 

do 

Dunn,  James, 

11 

do 

Farrell.  William, 

11 

do 

Fay,  William  J., 

11 

do 

Fitzgerald,  Martin, 

Died  May  2, 

1863,  at  Baton  Rouge.  La. 

Foley,  Michael, 
Foy,  James, 

August 

24, 

1863: 

expiration  of  service, 
do 

Gallagher,  Patrick, 

;' 

(( 

11 

do 

GradjN  Dennis, 

11 

u 

do 

Herr,  Daniel, 

11 

If 

do 

Higgins,  Matirice, 

11 

1( 

do 

Kellev,  Henry  T., 

Dec. 

9, 

'62 

11 

(1 

do 

KellcV,  John, 

Sept. 

30, 

'62 

11 

11 

do 

Lee,  William, 

11 

<1 

do 

McBride,  James, 

(1 

If 

do 

McCoy,  Thomas, 

Deserted  December  ] 

,  1862. 

McLaughlin,  Daniel, 

August 

24, 

1863; 

expiration  of  service. 

McManus,  Patrick, 

'1 

do 

Meagher,  Thomas  F., 

u 

do 

Moran,  Peter, 

11 

do 

Murphy,  Jeremiah, 

i( 

do 

Murphy,  John, 

(1 

do 

Murphy,  Patrick, 

Died  August 

8,  1863, 

at  Mound 

City,  III. 

O'Connor,  Patrick, 

Oct. 

29, 

'62 

Deserted  October  30! 

1862. 

O'Rourke,  Charles  P., 

Sept. 

30, 

'62 

Died  June  3, 

1863,  at 

Baton  Rouge,  La. 

532  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

FIPTIETH  REGIMENT  IKTANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks, 

COMPANT  I— CON. 

Phelan,  Francis, 

Sept 

30,  '62 

August    24,      1863:    expiration  of  service. 

Phclan,  Michael, 

Oct. 

14,  '62 

"                                do 

Power,  James  A., 

Sept 

30,  '62 

Died  at  sea  August  3, 1863. 

Reil,  John, 

" 

August    24,      1863:    expiration  of   service. 

Rice,  John, 

" 

"              "                                 do 

Roach,  Michael, 

" 

"               "                                 do 

Scrymgour,  Thomas, 

" 

"               "                                 do 

Sheehan,  Redmond, 

" 

"               «'                                 do 

Skerrctt,  Nicholas, 

" 

Died  June  19, 1863,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Smith,  Gordon, 

<' 

August    24,      1863:    expiration  of   service. 

Toner,  Michael, 

" 

"               "                                  do 

Treanor,  Owen, 

»' 

Died  March  9, 1863,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Welsh,  Michael, 

" 

August     24,      1863;    expiration  of   sei-vice. 

Wolfe,  Richard, 

" 

do 

Wood,  Uenry  C, 

" 

Deserted  October  31,  1862. 

FIFTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS. 


COMPANY    A. 

John  M.  Cheney,  S., 
Rob'tH.  Chamberlain,  S.; 
Edwin  L.  Dodge,  S., 
Joseph  A.  Harrington,  C., 
Francis  J.  Avery,  C, 
George  L.  Bliss.  C, 
Samuel  F.  Bond,  C, 
Charles  8.  Ayres,  C., 
William  B.  Mclver,  C, 
Lavine  Libby,  M., 
Bemis,  Chai'les  A., 
Bigelow,  Edward  D., 
Brownhill,  Charles, 
Brooks,  Joseph  B., 
Cheever,  William  F., 
Clemence,  James  A., 
Colburn,  Albert, 
Cook,  Norton  L., 
Cotting,  Edward  P., 
Davis,  Charles, 
Dickenson,  James  S., 
Eddy,  Theodore  A., 
Everett,  Handel  P., 
FoUett,  William  K., 
Flagg,  Frank  A., 
Glazier,  Henry, 
Gleason,  John  B., 
Goodnow,  Henry  H., 
Gordon,  Robert  E., 
Gordon,  Seth  B., 
Gordon,  William  F., 
Goulding,  John,  C, 
Green,  John  W., 
Handy,  George  W., 
Harrington,  Jerome, 
Hays,  William, 
Hodgkins,  Leander, 
Holmes,  Edwin  H., 
Howe,  Leander, 
Hudson,  George,  N., 
Hudson  James  O., 
King,  Gcerge  H., 
Lackey,  Rufus  A., 
Landson,  Henry  H., 
Lawrence,  George  C., 
Lewis,  James, 
Loriug,  John  W., 
Loring,  Silas  H., 


Sept.  25,  '62 


Oct. 

Sept. 


July      27,      1863  ;     expiration 


11,  '62 
25,  '62 


of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

February  5, 1863;  disability. 
January  14, 1863;  disability. 
July     27,       1863  ;      expiration   of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

Hospital  Steward,  March  1, 1863. 
July      27,       1863  ;     expiration   of  service. 
"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  do 

Died  July  12,  1863,  at  Boston. 
Died  July  9, 1863,  on  U.  S.  Convoy. 
July      27,      1863  ;     expiration    of    service. 

"  "  do 

April  1, 1863;  disability. 
July      27,       1863  ;     expiration   of  service. 
•'  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

June  14, 1863;  disability. 
July      27,      1863  ;     expiration   of    service. 
"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  •'  do 

'<  "  do 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  533 

FIFTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— CONTINUED. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  A.— CON. 

Manuing,  William  A., 

Sept 

25, 

'62 

July      27,       1863 

;     expiration 

of 

service. 

Nicholas,  Lysander  B., 

"                 " 

do 

Palmer,  James, 

"                 " 

do 

Rice,  Charles  M., 

a                     a 

do 

Smith,  J.ames  G., 

"                    " 

do 

Storrs,  Henry  C, 

u                     a 

do 

Thayer,  Friewalden  C, 

U                                (I 

do 

Wheeler,  AsaN., 

"                     " 

do 

White,  William  H., 

11                     i< 

do 

Wilson,  WilUam, 

January  14,  1863 ; 

disability. 

Wood,  Jesse  E., 

" 

July      27,       1863 

;     expiration 

of 

service. 

COMPANY  B. 

Hubbard,  Joseph  M., 

Sept. 

30, 

'62 

II                        <c 

do 

Lamed,  George  H., 

Oct. 

14, 

'62 

"                " 

do 

COMPANY  C, 

Henry  C.  Wadsworth,  8., 

Sept. 

25, 

'62 

(<                11 

do 

Charles  N.  Hair,  8., 

It 

It                  11 

do 

William  M.  Miller,  8., 

" 

11                  11 

do 

George  E.  Dunlap,  8,, 

" 

11                11 

do 

James  E.  Dennis,  8., 

a 

II                  11 

do 

James  S.  Rogers,  S., 

" 

December  10, 1862 

;  by  promotion. 

Stephen  E.  Green,  8., 

" 

May  29,  ]  863; 

do 

J.  Orlando  Bemis,  S., 

" 

2d  Lieutenant  January  27,  1863. 

Charles  A.  Goddard,  C, 

" 

July      27,      1863 

expiration 

of 

service. 

Charles  H.  Heywood,  C, 

" 

"                     a 

do 

Charles  H.  Porter,  C, 

" 

U                                11 

do 

Samuel  A.  Perry,  C, 

" 

a                      11 

do 

Samuel  D.  Barrett,  C., 

" 

June  23, 1863  ; 

do 

Edwin  H.  Bliss.  C, 

" 

Died  February  16, 

1863,  at  Newbern, 

N.  C. 

George  E.  Barton,  C, 

" 

Sergeant  Major,  N 

oveniber  4,  1862. 

Charles  F.  Coe,  M., 

(1 

July  27,  1863;  expiration  of  service. 

Nathan  8.  Coburn,  M., 

" 

February  6,  1863 : 

Usability. 

B.attelle,  George  L., 

If 

July      27,        1863 

;     expiration 

of 

service. 

Brown,  Edwin, 

'* 

It                  11 

do 

Butler,  George  C, 

" 

11                 II 

do 

Carrico,  Benjamin, 

" 

11                 II 

do 

Cole,  Martin, 

'< 

II                 11 

do 

Cooke,  Samuel  H., 

" 

a                     i( 

do 

Davis,  Winthrop, 

" 

11                     11 

do 

Earle,  Stephen  C, 

" 

a                     11 

do 

Flynn,  Thomas, 

" 

II                     II 

do 

Fry,  Charles  B., 

" 

11                     II 

do 

Fuller,  Samuel  H., 

'< 

a                      11 

do 

Gilbert,  Thomas, 

" 

Died  June,  1863. 

Glover,  Warren, 

" 

July  27, 1863;  expiration  of  service. 

Gould,  Willi.am, 

" 

March  3,  1863 ;  disability. 

Haven,  Charles  W., 

" 

Died  February  18, 

1863,  Newbern,  N. 

C. 

Hersey,  Albert  W., 

" 

July      2T,       1863 

;     expiration 

of 

service. 

Hicks,  Loren  L., 

** 

a                        11 

do 

Hinds,  Edwin  W., 

" 

II                        l( 

do 

Holbrook,  John, 

" 

II                        II 

do 

Hoppin,  Charles  A., 

" 

II                        11 

do 

Kendall,  George  M., 

<' 

11                        u 

do 

Kendall,  Henry  J., 

(1 

Died  April  19, 186C 

,  Newbern,  N 

.C. 

Keth,  Henry  F., 

" 

July     27,     1863  ; 

expiration 

of 

service. 

Laverty,  John,  R., 

" 

a                      a 

do 

Longley,  Henry  G., 

" 

Died  February  25, 

1863,  Newbern,  N. 

C. 

Lowe,  Moses  H., 

" 

July     27,     1863  ; 

expiration 

of 

service. 

Maynard,  Charles  L., 

** 

It                    a 

do 

Moore,  Charles  A., 

" 

a                   (1 

do 

Muzzy,  Franklin  A., 

" 

a                     u 

do 

Pierce,  Charles  F., 

'( 

II                    II 

do 

Pr.att,  John, 

(( 

It                   a 

do 

Pufler,  Marshal  J., 

" 

i(                   i( 

do 

Putnam,  Henry  D., 

" 

(                     II 

do 

Putnam,  Wheelock  T., 

' 

' 

II                   It 

do 

534 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


FIFTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— Continued. 


Names. 

DatM  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  C— CON. 

Rhodes,  Jonathan, 

Sept 

25,  '62 

July 

27, 

1863  ; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Spaukling,  L.  Q., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Staynor,  Henry  W., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Stowe,  William  H., 

" 

" 

" 

ti 

do 

Stratton,  Eugene  W., 

" 

a 

" 

tt 

do 

Strong,  Luther  W., 

" 

a 

" 

tt 

do 

Taft,  Frank  C, 

(( 

" 

11 

<i 

do 

Tapley,  David  G., 

" 

" 

i( 

11 

do 

Whittcmore,  Charles  P., 

" 

a 

i< 

i( 

do 

Wliittemore,  Q.  S., 

" 

" 

11 

<f 

do 

WiUis,  William  G., 

" 

" 

u 

It 

do 

Winn,  Henry  A., 

" 

(( 

It 

tt 

do 

COMPANY  D. 

George  H.  Conklin,  S., 

Sept. 

30,  '62 

" 

" 

do 

James  M.  Woodward,  S., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

William  H.  Brigham,  S., 

" 

" 

C( 

tc 

do 

Edward  S.  Stone,  S., 

" 

" 

November  25,  1862 

disability. 

Jairus  B.  Lamh,  S., 

" 

March  3, 

1863; 

do 

WilHam  T.  Farr,  S., 

" 

M.ay 

29,  1863; 

do 

Stephen  T.  Coe,  C, 

" 

" 

July 

27, 

1863  ; 

expiration 

of   service. 

William  F.  Knowlton,  C., 

" 

i( 

" 

do 

Daniel  Wilkins,  C, 

" 

" 

11 

do 

Erastus  W.  Woodis,  C, 

<' 

" 

11 

do 

Eugene  Leddy,  C, 

a 

" 

It 

do 

George  W.  Moore.  C, 

" 

(t 

do 

Eli  B.  Fairbanks,  C, 

a 

" 

do 

Wm.  H.  V;mNorman,  C, 

" 

" 

It 

do 

Amos  Sprague,  jr.,  C., 

" 

" 

November  25,  1862 , 

disabiUty. 

Geo.  8.  Duckworth,  M., 

" 

" 

July 

27,  1863;  expiration  of  service. 

Charles  S.  Smith,  M., 

" 

ii 

Died 

January  11,  1863,  Newbern 

,N.C. 

Alden,  Addison  F., 

" 

" 

Deserted  November  14,  1862,  Camp  Wool. 

Ames,  Jonathan  M., 

fi 

K 

July 

27, 

1863  ; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Baker,  David, 

" 

<< 

" 

tt 

do 

Blankinhorn,  John, 

<• 

" 

tt 

" 

do 

Bootmun,  W.  0., 

<' 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Browning,  A.  F., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Chase,  Charles  S., 

(( 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Chamberlain.  Edmund  H., 

<< 

« 

It 

" 

do 

Chapman,  Elbridge, 

" 

" 

tt 

" 

do 

Clark,  Hiram  J., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Conkey,  John  S., 

<< 

" 

" 

tt 

do 

Crosby,  H.  C, 

u 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Cutler,  Frank  H., 

i( 

11 

" 

It 

do 

Darling,  A.  M., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Fames,  G.  P., 

" 

<' 

" 

" 

do 

Edwards,  T.  W., 

i( 

" 

ft 

do 

Everett,  James  B., 

Oct. 

14,  '62 

" 

ti 

do 

Fenner,  M^illiam  G., 

Sept. 

30,  '62 

11 

It 

do 

Fineral,  William, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Fisher,  John  W., 

" 

" 

" 

11 

do 

Flagg,  Thomas  M., 

" 

" 

" 

11 

do 

Gates,  John  B., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Gates.  Walter, 

" 

" 

1' 

ti 

do 

Gill,  George  F., 

'< 

" 

March  27, 

1863;  disability. 

Goddard,  Leander. 

" 

" 

July 

27, 

1863  ; 

expiration 

of   service. 

Hanscom,  Edwin  A., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Hapgood,  Henry  R., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Hastings,  Ira  B., 

" 

" 

" 

tt 

do 

Higgins,  Isaiah,  jr., 

" 

" 

11 

tt 

do 

Hill,  Henry  K., 

" 

" 

a 

" 

do 

Howe,  James, 

'< 

" 

" 

tt 

do 

Kirby,  George  E., 

" 

" 

It 

tt 

do 

May,  Edwin, 

" 

" 

Deserted  November  22,  1862,  Camp  Wool. 

Mellsop,  James, 

" 

" 

July 

27 

1863  J 

expiration 

of   service. 

Midgley,  Joseph, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Noyes,  James  R., 

" 

If 

(1 

do 

Payne,  Richard  B., 

" 

" 

ti 

do 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


535 


FIFTY- FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— Continued. 


Names. 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY  D.— CON. 

Pierce,  Royal  S., 
Prouty.  El'iotC, 
Rand.  William  A., 
Ratigan,  Edward, 
Ratigan,  John, 
Ratigan,  Patrick, 
Riggs,  Albert, 
Robinson,  Curtis  E., 
Salisbury,  Erastus, 
Sburtleff',  Samuel  H., 
Sisson,  William  B., 
Smith,  Koswell  A., 
Sturtevant,  Charles  H., 
Swann,  Frank  F., 
Taft,  William  W., 
Toumey,  Michael, 
Uflord  ,■  Edward  W., 
Walker,  Charles  A., 
Wallace,  Osborn  H., 
Wliitcomb,  Jeremiah  H., 
Willis,  George  N., 
Woodbury,  Charles  F., 

COMPANY  E. 
Lewis,  Reuben  L., 
Plaisted,  Simon  M., 

COMPANY  F. 

Henry  J.  Jennings,  8., 
Eben  D.  Cheneyrs., 
John  C.  Burley,  8., 
Edwin  J.  Coe,  C, 
Abraham  H.  Newton,  C., 
Edwin  D.  McFarland,  C, 
Joseph  E.  Hastings,  C, 
Charles  H.  Cutting,  C, 
Elliot  G.  Leathers,  M., 
Daniel  A.  Minter,  M., 
Allison,  William, 
Armstrong,  James, 
Bacon,  William  M., 
Boyden,  Mason  A., 
Burley,  Orson  L., 
Childs,  James  M., 
Church,  Stephen, 
Daniels,  Frank  J., 
Dunnell,  Franklin, 
Emery,  William  W., 
Frost,  Edward  H., 
Goodnow,  Nahum  R., 
Harrington.  David, 
Hutchins,  Horatio  H., 
Moore,  Edward  L., 
Moore,  Marcus, 
Morse,  Babin  A., 
Parsons,  Solomon,  jr., 
Richards,  William  E., 
Stevens,  Edgar, 
Stockwell.  Francis  E., 
Tourtellotte,  Daniel  A., 
Washburn  Edward  L., 
Wliitney,  George  C, 
Woodcock,  James  F., 

COMPANY  G. 

William  J.  Saylor,  C, 
Fitzpatrick,  John, 
Preston,  Alfred, 


Sept.  30,  '62 


Sept.  25,  '62 


Oct.    14,  '62 


July     26,     1863  ;      expiration  of    service. 

"  do 

"  do 

"  do 

"  do 
Transferred  November  20, 1862,  to  loth  Infantry. 

"  "  do 

July  27,  1863 :  expiration  of  service. 
March  6,  1863;  disability. 

July     27,     1863  ;       expiration  of    service. 

"  do 

"  do 

"  do 

"  do 

"  do 

"  do 
December  10,  1862;  disability. 

July     27,     1863  ;       expiration  of    service. 

"  do 

"  do 
March  3,  1863 :  disability. 

July     27,     1S63  ;       expiration  of    service. 


do 
do 


'<  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

«  "  >  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

Died  January  24,  1863,  Newbern,  N.  C. 
July  27,  i863  ;  expiration  of  service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


March  1,  1803;  disability. 

July     27,     1863  ;       expiration 


Sept.  30,  '62 


of    service. 
do 
"  "  do 

Died  January  IS,  1863,  Newbern,  N.  C. 

July     27,      1863  ;       expiration    of    service. 
"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

Quartermaster  Sergeant,  November  4, 1862. 

July     27,     1863  ;       expiration    of    service. 
"  <<  do 


do 
do 
do 


536  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

FIFTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— NINE  MONTHS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY   H. 

William  A.  Kimball,  M.. 

COMPANY  I. 

Roach,  Samiiol  J., 


Date  of. 

Muster 


Oct.     2,  '62 
Oct.    14,  '62 


Remarks. 


July     27,     1863  :      expiration    of    service. 
"  "  do 


FIFTY-THIRD  REGIMENT.— NINE  MONTHS.- Company  A. 


Russell,  FrancLs  C, 


I  Oct.  17,  '62  I  September  2,  1863;  expiration  of  service. 


FIRST  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— TECREE  YEARS. 


Sullivan,  Patrick, 


Aug.  28,  '61  I  Deserted  June  29.  1863,  New  Market,  Va. 


THIRD  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Conant,  Sherman  W., 
McGinn,  Patrick, 


Jan.    4, '64    Tr.  Sept.  1, '64,  to5thBat.;  Junel2, '65,  exp.  of  serv. 
June  25,  '64    Never  joined  for  service. 


SIXTH  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 
Palmer,  Samuel  E.,  |  Jan.    3,  '65  |  August  7,  1865 ;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

SEVENTH  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


William  Holmes,  C, 

Dec. 

19,  '63 

October    5,     1865;     expiration     of    service. 

Adams,  Lucius  O., 

'' 

3, '64 

November  10,  1865 ;                        do 

Bangs,  Isaac  F., 

" 

6, '63 

October  6,    1865:                            do 

Brown,  Thomas  H., 

5,  '63 

do 

Cleavland,  Moses  A., 

Jan. 

4,  '64 

November  10,  1865 ;                         do 

Dowall,  Michael, 

" 

5, '64 

January  12,  1864;  rejected  recruit. 

Foot,  Benjamin  F., 

Dec. 

5,  '63 

June  16,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Forbes.  John  W., 

Jan. 

4,  '64 

Died  -July  31,  1864,  New  Orleans,  La. 

NINTH  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 
Cummings,  Frederic  A.,  |  Nov.    2,  '64  |  June  6,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

TENTH  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Monroe,  Frank  A., 

Nichols,  George, 


Jan.     .5,  '64  j  Transferred  1864,  Co.  F,  20th  V.  R.  C. 
Nov.  11,  '64  I  June  19,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 


TWELFTH  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Irwin,  John  C, 


I  Nov.  28,  '64  I  July  25,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 


FIFTEENTH  BATTERY  LIGHT  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Clark,  Coleman, 
Garduer,  James  G., 
Powers,  Patrick, 


Sept.  20,  '64 
"   24," 


August    4,    1865;     expiration    of    service. 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 


FIRST  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Stockwell,  Francis  E., 

COMPANY  B. 

Bird,  Joseph, 
Choron,  George, 


Sept.   4,  '64 
Oct.    13,  '64 


June  4,  1865 ;  disability. 


August   16,    1865  ;     expiration   of    service. 

"  "  do 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


537 


FIRST  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  C. 

Columns,  Anthony, 


COMPANY  G. 

Hughes,  Michael, 


COMPANY  K. 

Nourse,  Charles  W.. 


Date  o 

Mustei 

t 
'64 

Dec. 

8, 

Oct. 

3, 

'64 

Dec. 

8. 

'63 

Remarks. 


August  8,  1865 ;  disability. 

June  10, 1865;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  B. 

Transferred  March  10,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 


SECOND  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Cole,  Francis  M., 
Davis,  John, 
Hadley,  John, 
Kimball,  WiUiam  A., 
Leary,  Daniel, 
Sibley,  William  L., 
Studley,  Horace  C, 

COMPANY  B. 

Bugbee,  Edward  R., 
Carlton.  John  C, 
Chase.  James  N., 
Fry,  Charles  H., 
Sibley,  Wilson, 

COMPANY'  C. 

William  R.  FoUett,  C, 
Bassett,  Thomas  D., 
Brooks.  Frank  A., 
Cadieux,  Charles, 
Chafl'ee,  Jonathan  E., 
Damon,  George  A., 
Donahoe.  Michael  G., 
Duffy.  Michael, 
Kirs,  Or\i!le  D., 
Pippen.  Solomon, 
Ricker.  Charles  C, 
Rich,  William  A., 

COMPANY  D. 

Reuben  L.  Lewis,  C., 
Barrus.  Delano  P., 
Bates,  John  W., 
Costello.  John, 
Eddy,  George  P., 
Leahy,  John, 
Pierce,  Charles  F., 
Tobin,  Dagiu, 
Wright,  Augustus  A., 

COMPANY  E. 

Hannon,  Henry  J., 
Keavcy,  Patrick, 

COMPANY  F. 

Frank  Eaton.  8., 
Berrj-,  Henry  L., 
Brown.  George  G., 
Bull.ard.  SiUas  C, 
Butler,  Leverett  S., 
Darling.  Andrew, 
Dewing.  Frederick  A., 
Fairbanks.  George  W., 
Fisher,  John  W., 
Foster,  Thomas, 
GilUland,  William  W., 


July  28,  '63  September  3,    1865  ;    expiration  of   service. 

do 

Sept.    8.  '64  Transferred  December  16.  1864,  to  17th  Infantry. 
Jan.     2,  '64  September  3,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Sept.  19,  '64  Transferred  to  Co.  A,  17th  Infantry. 
July  28,  '63  September  3,    1865;    expiration  of  service. 
June  24,  '64         "  "  do 


Sept.  10.  '64  Tnansferred  January  17,  1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 

July  29.  '63  May  25.  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Sept.  16,  '64  Transferred  January  17,  1S65,  to  Co.  B,  17tb  Infantry. 

Sept.    5,  '64  June  26.  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

July  29,  '63  Deserted  July  12,  1865. 


Jan.     2,  '64  September  3,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Sept.  19.  '64  Transferred  January  9.  1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 
Aug.  26.  '63  September  3.  1865:  expir.ation  of  service. 
Sept.    6.  '64  Transferred  January  9.  1865.  to  17th  Infantry. 
17,  '64  ••  17,  1865,  to  17th  M.  V. 

5.  '64  .June  26,  1865;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

6,  '61  Transferred  January  9,  1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 

19,  '64  "  January  17,  1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 

Aug.    4,  '63  Deserted  August  18.  1865. 
Sepl.    5,  '64  Transferred  January  17, 1864,  to  17tli  Infantry. 
'  •■  '■  "  1865,  " 


Mar.    1,  '64  .June  15.  1865;  disability  in  Co.  L. 
Aug.  22,  '63  September  3.   1865  ;   expiration   of   service. 
"  "  do 

''  "  do 

"  ''      esp.  of  serv.  in  Co.  H,  absent  sicl 

Co.  A. 
(31,  '64  June  26,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  H. 
22.  '63  Septembers.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"  "  do  in  Co.  A. 


Sept.    2,  '64  June  26, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

12,  '64  Transferred  December  16,  1864,  to  17th  Infantry. 

Oct.     8.  '63  September  3, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

do  .absent  sick. 

Deserted  May  4,  1864. 
16,  '63  -July  20,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
S,  '63  Died  January  24.  1865.  atNewbern,  N.  C. 
September  3.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Deserted  May  24.  1864. 
September  3,' 1865;  expiration  of  service. 
16,  '63         "  "  do  absent  sick. 

8,  '63         "  "  do 

"  "  do 


538 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


SECOND  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  F.— CON. 

Knigbt.  Ivory  P., 

Oct. 

8 

'63 

May  21,  1865 ;  disability. 

Phaiieiif,  Horace, 

" 

June  9.  1665; 

Ryan,  Patrick, 

Sept 

.   9 

'64 

Transferred  January  17, 1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  G. 

George  C.  Butler,  S., 

Dec. 

7 

'63 

Died  July  30, 1864,  in  rebel  prison. 

George  S.  Duckworth,  S., 

' 

"    December  11,  1864,  at  sea. 

Johu^M.  White,  8., 

i 

"     in  hands  of  the  enemy. 

Henry  K.  Hill,  C, 

' 

"     November  1.  ISOl,  Andersonville. 

Henry  F.  Jennison,  C, 

' 

"     February  8.  1864,  Plymouth,  N.  C. 

Charles  A.  G.  Rice,  C, 

' 

"     July  13. 18(54,  Andersonville. 

Henry  T.  Wheeler,  C., 

' 

"      October  17.  1864,  Florence,  8.  C. 

Bent,  Charles  E., 

c 

"     July  1.5, 1864,  in  Co.  H.,  Andersonville. 

Clark,  Richard  D., 

9 

'63 

"     October  17,  1864,  hi  rebel  prison. 

Congdon.  Edmund, 

7, 

'63 

"     August  19,  1864,               " 

Daniels,  William, 

( 

Never  joined  for  service. 

Devlin,  Henry. 

August  13.  1865 ;  disability. 

Edwards,  Thomas  W., 

' 

Died  October  14, 1864,  Andersonville. 

Frye,  Otis  G.  W., 

September  3,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Gay.  George  G., 

' 

Died  Sejitember  5, 1864,  Andersonville. 

McNulty,  Peter  J., 

' 

"      October  23.  1864,               •' 

Spaulding.  James  H., 

< 

Missing  in  action.  April  20.  1864. 

Sylvester,  jVvery, 

' 

Died  October.  1864,  Florence,  S.  C. 

Turnericlitt'e,  John, 

( 

"    Mays.  1864,  Andersonville. 

Walton.  Henry  8., 

( 

June  22, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Ward,  William  8., 

' 

Rejected  recruit. 

Wellington,  George  W., 

' 

Died  August  9, 1864,  Anderson\-ille. 

Wilder,  Lewis  E., 

' 

"            "    12,  1864,             " 

Woodbury,  Uobart  H., 

' 

"     September  29, 1864,  in  rebel  prison. 

COMPANY  H. 

Flynu,  Daniel, 

Sept. 

9, 

'64 

June  26. 1865 :  expiration  of  service. 

Fry,  George  M., 

" 

5, 

'64 

Transferred  December  16, 1864,  to  17th  Infantry. 

Henry,  Thomas, 

u 

17, 

'64 

"           January,  17,  1865,                 " 

COMPANY  I. 

James  A.  Mills.  C, 

Jan. 

2^ 

'64 

May  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

William  McGregor,  M., 

Dec, 

11,' 

'63 

September  3,  1866 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Bedar,  Josiah, 

" 

' 

Reclaimed  as  a  deserter. 

Benner,  Thomas  J., 

Sept. 

5, 

'64 

June  29, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Bowen,  Alfred, 

Dec. 

11, 

'63 

"     17,  1865 ;                     do 

Brooks,  Nathaniel  N., 

" 

December  28,  1863;  rejected  recruit. 

Chappell,  Albert  W., 

Sept. 

3, 

'64 

June  26,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Dunster,  Jason  A., 

Dec. 

11, 

^'63 

Deserted  April  18,  1864. 

Gaynor,  Michael, 

" 

September  3. 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Leavitt,  Bonnett, 

a 

i 

Deserted  January  1,  1864. 

Pratt,  Louis  G., 

" 

"      ' 

July  12.  1865. 

Rich,  Henry  V.. 

" 

' 

December  23,  1863;  rejected  recruit. 

Richards,  Leander, 

" 

' 

October  20,  1864 :  disability. 

Samson,  George  W., 

" 

' 

Died  November  4.  1864,  Portsmouth,  Va. 

Staples,  Edwin  M., 

Jan. 

2 

'64 

"     October  3.  1864,  Andersonville. 

Webber,  Christopher  W., 

Dec. 

ll' 

'63 

Deserted  July  4.  1865. 

"Whitney,  George  W., 

" 

' 

Transferred  January  17,  1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  L. 

M.T.  Greenwood,  Q.M.S., 

Dec. 

00 

'63 

September  S,    1865  :    expiration   of  service 

Gill.  John  B., 

'■ 

' 

do 

Glazier.  Asaph, 

Sept. 

5, 

'64 

June  6,  1865;                                      do 

Kennedy,  Thomas, 

Dec. 

22, 

'63 

September  3.    1865:                       do 

Strattou,  Philip  D., 

"              "                                 do 

COMPANY  M. 

Cutting,  Clark  C, 

« 

24, 

'63 

do 

Whiting,  Jonathan  W., 

Sept. 

5, 

'64 

Transferred  January  17,  1865,  to  17th  Infantry. 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


539 


THIRD  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Norton,  Philip, 

COMPANY  B. 

Baker,  James, 
Burdick.  Benjamin  F., 
Maxim,  David,  jr., 

COMPANY   K. 

Dan'l  W.  Purrington,  C, 

COMPANY  M. 

Hitchcock,  Henry  M., 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Jan.  10,  '63 
Jan.     2,  '65 

May  30,  '64 
June    3,  '64 


Remarks. 


Deserted  August  5, 1S63. 

September   18,    1865;    expiration  of  service. 

"  "  do 

Died  March  18, 1865. 

September  18, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

June  27, 1864;  rejected  recruit. 


FOURTH  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— ONE  YEAK. 


COMPANY  D. 

Evander  T.  Rawson,  S., 

Aug 

.  19,  '64 

June 

17,     1865  ; 

expiration    of   service. 

Wra.  H.  Taylor,  Q.  M.  8., 

" 

18,   " 

do 

Francis  J.  Avery,  S., 

" 

9,   " 

do 

Edwin  L.  Dodge,  S., 

" 

18,   " 

do 

John  J.  O'Gorman,  8., 

" 

22,   " 

do 

Wheelock  T.  Putnam,  S., 

" 

23,   " 

do 

Luther  W.  Strong,  S., 

If 

25,   " 

do 

Henry  F.  Taylor,  S., 

" 

24,   " 

do 

Joseph  B.  Brooks,  C, 

" 

22,   " 

do 

Elbridgo  Chapman,  C, 

June  18,  '64 

do 

Samuel  H.  Cook,  C, 

" 

" 

do 

Ephraim  L.  Drury,  C., 

K 

23,  " 

do 

Charles  F.  Fairbanks,  C, 

" 

20,  « 

do 

EdwardF.  Harrington,  C, 

" 

18,  " 

do 

"Waldo  M.  Harrington,  C 

<( 

u 

do 

Rufus  A.  Lackey,  C, 

" 

" 

do 

George  W.  Moore,  C, 

" 

20,  " 

November  10, 1864 

furnished  substitute. 

Edward  K.  Seavey,  C., 

" 

18,  " 

June 

17,     1865  ; 

expiration    of    service. 

Henry  C.  Storrs,  C, 

(( 

20,  " 

do 

Daniel  A.  Tourtellotte,  C, 

" 

18,  " 

do 

Atkins,  ^YiUiam  W., 

ii 

'' 

do 

Barrett,  Lyman  B., 

il 

9,  " 

do 

Batchelder,  James  W.  R., 

" 

" 

do 

Beals,  Edwin  C, 

U 

18,  " 

do 

Bemis.  Amasa. 

" 

" 

do 

Blake,  Henry  B., 

" 

22    " 

do 

Brown,  John  B., 

Aug 

20'  '64 

do 

BuUard,  Francis  R., 

18,  " 

do 

Buss,  Alfred  P., 

" 

20,  " 

do 

Carpenter,  George  A., 

" 

9,  " 

do 

Carpenter,  Lewis  S., 

" 

IS,  " 

May 

25, 

do 

Carroll,  John, 

" 

23,  " 

June 

17, 

do 

Church,  Pulaski  M., 

<' 

18,  " 

do 

Coburn,  William  L., 

" 

23,  " 

do 

Cole,  Martin, 

•' 

18,  " 

do 

Comer,  Thomas, 

" 

" 

do 

Connor,  Chapin, 

" 

23,  " 

do 

Crawford,  Frederic  G., 

" 

18,  " 

do 

Crow,  James, 

" 

23,  " 

do 

Curtis,  Harrison  "W., 

" 

18,  " 

do 

Cutler,  Charles, 

" 

(( 

do 

Davis,  Henry  A., 
Dean,  Paul  G., 

a 

" 

do 

" 

ff 

do 

DeCamp,  Felix, 

" 

u 

do 

DivoU,  John  H., 

a 

22,  " 

io 

Drake,  Benjamin  A., 

" 

IS,  " 

do 

Dufty,  Andrew, 

" 

20,  " 

do 

Durkins,  James, 

" 

23,  " 

do 

Edwards,  John  S., 

« 

24,  " 

do 

Farnsworth,  Benj.  S., 

" 

9,  " 

do 

Fay,  Charles  W., 

" 

19,  " 

do 

S40 


WORCESTER     IN    THE     WAR. 


FOI^RTH  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— ONE  YEAR.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  D.— CON. 

Foley,  Morris, 
Foster,  Charles  A., 
Francis,  Converse, 
Freeman,  Josiah  G., 
Gallagher,  John, 
Garvin,  James, 
Gilmore  Peter, 
Goggin,  Edward, 
Goodspcod,  Charles, 
Green,  John, 
Hall,  Joseph  L., 
Hathaway,  Calvin  M., 
Henry,  Charles  P., 
Hine,  Jero  M., 
Hinsdale,  Lewis, 
Howe,  Leander, 
Hubbard,  Andrew  D., 
Kennedy,  David, 
Kirr,  John, 
Lahan,  Patrick, 
Lakeman,  Eben  H., 
Lancaster,  Edwin  O., 
Laverty,  James  P., 
Laverty,  Robert  M., 
Laverty,  William  H., 
Lawton,  George  J., 
Livingston,  Jolin, 
Lowell,  Henry  C, 
Lynch,  Michael  A., 
Mnrey,  Chavlcs  D., 
Mathews,  Albert  H., 
Mathews,  Ambrose, 
Mathews,  William, 
Maynard,  Malcom  W., 
Miiyiiard,  William  L., 
McTiernan,  Jjmies, 
Miller,  Joseph, 
Miller,  John  11., 
Morse,  Everett  A., 
Morse,  Henry  C., 
Mnnroe,  Newton, 
Murray,  Keran, 
Muzzy.  Franklin  A., 
Norcross,  Andrew  D., 
Paige,  Charles  W., 
Peabody,  Henry  A., 
Phelan,  Francis, 
Ring,  Sanford  B., 
Roberts,  Milo  B., 
Sawtelle,  Francis  K., 
Seavey,  Charles  L., 
Sears,  Philander  F., 
Shannon,  John  J., 
Sheldon,  Charles  M,, 
Shiite,  Charles, 
Sinclair,  Armour  S., 
Smith,  Aaron, 
Smith,  Wm.  H.  H., 
Stahl,  George  H., 
Staples,  Wallace, 
Stockman,  Artemas, 
Stohl,  William  B., 
Stratton,  Samuel  W., 
Sullivan,  Jeremiah, 
Taft.  William  W., 
Tatman,  Charles, 
Taylor,  Erastus  R., 
Thomson,  Edwin, 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Aug. 


20, 
18, 
18, 
19, 
22, 
23', 
18, 
1?, 
25, 
18, 
19, 
24, 
18, 
20. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
19, 
23, 
18, 
25, 
19, 
18, 


22, 
18, 


Remarks. 


Jan. 

Aug, 


22, 
18, 

20, 
22, 
23, 
9, 
23, 
18, 
23, 
18, 


23, 
18, 
20, 
18, 
23, 
18, 
22, 
18, 


20,  " 
18,  " 
3,  '65 
23,  '64 

18,  " 
20,  " 

18,  " 


June      17,       1865;     expiration    of    service. 

"  do 

"       "  do 

do 

do 

do 

"      "  do 

do 

"  do 

"  do 

do 

do 

"  do 

do 

"  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

*<■  "  do 

"      "  do 

"  do 

do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

«      "  do 

"      «  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      «  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      «'  do 

«      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      «  do 

"      "  do 

"      «  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

«      «  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"      "  do 

"  do 

Died  September  7,  1864,  Galloupe's  Island. 

June  17,   1865  ;  expiration  of  Ber\'ice, 

"       "  do 

"  do 

"  do 

do 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  54I 

FOURTH  EEGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— OlSTE  YEAR.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  D.— CON. 

Thompson,  Samuel  L., 
Tompkins,  Horace, 
Townscnd.  Charles  F., 
Tuck,  Charles  H., 
Vinton,  Emerson  D., 
Walker,  AsaV., 
Ward,  jaiTies  B., 
Warren,  William  H., 
Whiting.  Charles  W., 
AVhittcmore,  George  S., 
Wliitehouse,  James, 
Williams,  Charles, 
Winder,  Matthevsr, 
Young,  Joseph, 

COMPANY  E. 

Justin  E.  Abhott.  C, 
Henry  J.  Flac;g,  C., 
John  H.  Talbot,  C., 
Aldrich,  John  M., 
Bullard,  Augustus  H., 
Connor,  Joseph, 
Ferguson,  James, 
Fitzgerald,  James, 
Hall,  Charles  A., 
Kccgan,  John, 
Laverty,  John  R., 
Lavin,  Martin, 
Locke,  Thomas  M., 
Loughlin,  John, 
Mullen,  John, 
O'Connors,  Jerry, 
Randall,  John, 
Sheppard,  Melvin, 
Willett,  Teter, 

COirPANY  F. 
Addison  W.  Toby,  S., 
Benjamin  Carrico,  8., 
Eli  B.  Fairbanks,  S., 
George  W.  Barton,  C., 
Augustus  Brigham,  C, 
WilUam  R.  Drake,  C, 
Michael  Foley.  C., 
Frank  Nye,  C., 
Dudley  Williams,  C, 
Howard  J.  Winns,  C., 
George  F.  Harwood,  M., 
George  C.  Taft,  M., 
A.  C.  Bennett,  A., 
Ash,  Zebulon, 
Babbitt,   Samuel  F., 
Barker,  Josiah  S., 
Blanchanl,  Edward, 
Bower,  Lyman  W., 
Brighnm,  James  H., 
Brigham,  Oren  W., 
Buokland,  Hiram, 
Curiey,  James, 
Cutler,  Frank, 
Cutler,  George  E., 
Daniels,  Bynm, 
Daniels,  James, 
Flynn,  John, 
Galligan,  Peter  J., 
Gazette,  Christopher, 
Grady,  John, 
Green,  William  H., 


Date  of. 
Muster 


Aug.  23,  '64 

"      18,  •■ 


20,  " 
IS,  '•■ 


15, 
16, 
12, 
19, 
17, 
24, 
12, 

23, 
12, 
16, 
12, 
19, 
23, 


Remarks. 


June     17,     1865  ;      expiration    of    service. 

•'         5,  "  do 

"       17,  "  do 

do 

do 

"  "  do 

do 

"  do 

do 

do 

"  do 

"  do 

do 

do 


15, 


June 


24, 
15, 


23,  " 

15,  " 

u 

24,  " 


Died 
June 


" 

do 

" 

do 

" 

do 

" 

do 

II 

do 

" 

do 

" 

do 

" 

do 

" 

do 

11 

do 

" 

do 

(1 

do 

II 

do 

" 

do 

" 

do 

<l 

do 

iry  21, 

1865 

disability. 

17,  ^_ 

1865  ; 

expiration 

of    service, 
do 

do 

" 

do 

<( 

do 

" 

do 

II 
(1 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

II 
II 

do 
do 
do 
do 

II 
<i 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

)eeemb 

er26, 

1864,  Dangerfield  Hospital,  Va 

17,     1865  ; 

expiration 

of    service. 

do 

do 

11 

" 

do 

<< 

do 

" 

do 

II 

do 

542 


WORCESTER     IN    THE    WAR. 


FOURTH  REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— ONE  YEAR.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

CO.MPANY  r. — CON. 

Hancock.  Charles  N., 

Aug.  15,  '64 

June 

17 

1865 

expiration 

of   service. 

Hazlehurst,  Joseph, 

"         " 

do 

Henry.  Casmer, 

"      19,  " 

i( 

do 

Hill.  Albert, 

"■      15,  " 

<i 

do 

Htilland.  George  A., 

U                il 

« 

do 

Iri.sh.  William, 

"      24,  " 

" 

do 

Ladoux,  Ezra  S., 

"      15,  " 

(( 

do 

Lloyd,  George  E., 

"         " 

" 

do 

Moore.  William, 

"      IS,  " 

u 

do 

Murphy.  Michael, 

"      20,  " 

" 

do 

Paste,  Nel.son, 

"      15,  " 

a 

do 

Perkins.  William  P., 

U                11 

" 

do 

Pratt.  Henry, 

"           " 

u 

do 

Regan,  Timothy, 

"      19,  " 

u 

do 

Robinson.  George  S., 

"         " 

" 

do 

Ross.  Charles  W., 

"         " 

November  7,  1864 

•  disability. 

Rogers,  Richard. 

"     22,  " 

Deserted  September  8.  1864." 

Santon,  Joseph  P., 

"     24,  " 

June 

17, 

1S65;    expiration   of 

service. 

Seaver,  Milton  A.. 

"      15,  " 

November 

7,  1864; 

disability. 

Shaw,  Chauncey  C, 

"          " 

Jiane 

17, 

1865  ; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Smith,  Charles, 

"         " 

" 

do 

Stetson,  William  W., 

u          a 

" 

do 

St,  Johns,  Clement, 

"           " 

" 

do 

Stone.  Charles  D,, 

"           " 

" 

do 

Sullivan,  Andrew, 

"           " 

" 

do 

Willard,  Cephas, 

"           " 

" 

do 

Willard,  Charles  L., 

"           " 

" 

do 

Willis,  Cyrus  A„ 

"           " 

" 

do 

TWENTY-NINTH  UNATTACHED  COMPANY  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— ONE  YEAR. 


Broene.  Patrick, 
Laverty,  Willi.am  H., 
Powers,  Lawson  S., 
Rail.  John. 


Sept.  10,  '64 
••      14,  " 

"      23,  " 


June     16,     1865  ;     expiration 


of    service. 

do 

do 

do 


FIRST  BATTALION  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS. 

COMPANY  A. 

Abbott,  George  W., 

Feb. 

21,  '65 

October    20,    1865;    expiration 

of 

service. 

Alger.  William  E., 

'• 

18.  " 

.1               « 

do 

Ball,  William  H., 

" 

10,  '63 

a                  u 

do 

Bartlett.  Charles  A., 

" 

16,  '65 

u                 a 

do 

Bowley,  John, 

" 

17,  " 

n                 a 

do 

DriscoU,  Cornelius  J., 

" 

21,  " 

H                         .1 

do 

Gerrity,  Michael, 

" 

16,  " 

a                 (( 

do 

Hurradon,  Melvin  E., 

Peh. 

22,  '65 

a                 11 

do 

Irish.  Isaac  F., 

" 

" 

tf                 11 

do 

Lynch,  James, 

" 

18,  " 

a                 11 

do 

Smith,  Henry  H., 

" 

22,  " 

"                 " 

do 

COMPANY  B. 

Hamilton,  George, 

Oct. 

25,  '62 

Deserted  January  26,  1863. 

COMPANY  C. 

^V^littier,  Napoleon  B., 

Feb. 

9, '65 

October    20,    1865;    expiration 

of 

service. 

COMPANY  D. 

Hines,  Alfred  B.. 

June 

6, '63 

September   12,    1865; 

do 

Johnson.  John  E., 

" 

" 

i.                     u 

do 

Kit-man,  John  F.. 

Feb. 

20,  '65 

11                11 

do 

O'Connor.  William, 

June 

8, '63 

11                11 

do 

VonWilliams,  Alfred, 

" 

" 

Deserted  Septemher  20,  1863. 

COMPANY  F. 

Jairns  B.  Lamb,  S.. 

Aug. 

11,  '64 

June     28,     1865  ;      expiration 

of 

service. 

Willi:im  IT.  Stowe,  S., 

" 

15.  " 

I.               11 

do 

Charles  ().  Arnold.  C, 

" 

" 

11               11 

do 

George  M.  Pierce,  C, 

" 

" 

II              II 

do 

THE     ROLL,     OF     HONOR. 


543 


FIRST  BATTALION  HEAVY  ARTILLERY.— THREE  YEARS.— CONTINUED. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  P.- CON. 

\Vm.  H.  Vanorman,  C, 

Aug. 

15.  '64 

June 

28,      1865 

;     expiration 

of    service. 

Wm.  D.  Parker,  A., 

'' 

" 

" 

do 

Adams,  Charles, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Boyden,  Joshua  N.. 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Butterworth,  John  L., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Carey,  Isaac  H., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Dawes,  Frederick  S., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Dennison,  Charles, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Dodge,  Charles, 

" 

u 

" 

do 

Edwards,  Henry  F., 

u 

" 

" 

do 

Fay,  Charles  B., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Fay,  Eugene  D., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Goulditig,  John  C., 

" 

" 

c< 

do 

Harrington,  Isaac  E., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Hardy,  James, 

" 

" 

Returned  to  3rd  New  York  Volunteers  as  deserter. 

Harris. .Manton, 

" 

" 

June 

28,      1865 

;     expiration 

of   service. 

Hawley,  John, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Hutchinson,  Lewis  K., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Jackson,  Addison  C, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Jenks,  Thomas, 

" 

'« 

" 

a 

do 

Johnson,  Carew, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Knight,  Julius  F., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Knox,. Jerome  B., 

" 

" 

'• 

" 

do 

Lamb,  William  T., 

" 

13,  " 

(1 

" 

do 

Lynch,  Thomas, 

" 

15,  " 

" 

11 

do 

Morse,  Simeon  B., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Newcount.  James, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Overend,  Samuel, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Parker,  Joel  K., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Rand,  Charles  IL. 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Richards,  Levi  W., 

" 

" 

" 

ic 

do 

Sampson,  William  H., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Sawyer,  Byron  P., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Sawyer,  John  G., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Shee'han,  Tobias, 

Feb. 

6,  '6.5 

" 

24, 

do 

Stockwell.  Loring  S., 

Aug 

15,  '64 

'• 

28, 

do 

Utley,  John  L., 

" 

" 

" 

do 

VinLug,  Albion  L., 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Wilson,  William, 

" 

" 

" 

i( 

do 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Ballou,  Franklin  M., 

Feb. 

20,  '65 

" 

24, 

do 

Barnes,  Myron  E., 

>' 

21,  " 

" 

" 

do 

Dunn,  Patrick, 

" 

18,  " 

" 

" 

do 

Murtagh.  Francis, 

'< 

21,  " 

" 

" 

do 

Walker,  Charles  L., 

" 

17,  " 

Deserted  December  12,  1865. 

FIRST  R 

EGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.- 

-THREE  YEARS. 

COMPANY   A. 

Connor,  William, 
Mahoney,  Dennis,  2d, 
Putnam,  Willard  R., 
WiUard,  Charles  S., 

COMPANY  C. 
Jones,  Alfred  P., 

COMPANY   F. 

Easterbrooks,  James  C, 
Wright,  Roscoe  G.  G., 

COMPANY  H. 

Goud,  Clarkson, 
James,  William  H., 
Tiernay,  Matthew, 
Walker,  Joseph, 
Whittemore,  Nathan  W., 


Jan. 
Sept. 
Jan. 

5, 
28, 

5, 

'64 
'64 
'64 

Sept. 

23, 

'61 

Oct. 
Jan. 

10, 
5. 

'61 
'64 

Jan. 

3, 

'65 

Deo. 
Jan. 

1, 
3, 

'64 
'65 

June  26,  1864;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  B, 

6,  "                                    do 

26,  "                                    do 

Aug.  30,  "                                  do 


Oct.     3, 


do 


Died  of  wounds,  July  21,  1864. 
Transferred  April  27, 1864,  to  Navy. 


June     26,     1865  ;      expiration 


of   service. 

do 

do 

do 

do 


544  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

FIRST  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Kames. 


COMPANY   K. 

Swain,  Charles  B., 
Sullivan,  Thomas  A., 

COMPANY'  M. 

Browning,  Charles  D.  S., 

DNASSIGNED   RECRDITS. 

Wakefield,  Elias  B., 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Oct.    23,  '61 
Dec.   29,  '63 


Jan.    14, '64 
June  18,  '64 


Remarks. 


July  29,  1862;  disability. 

June  26,  1S65 ;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  A. 

Sergeant  Major. 

July  2.5,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 


SECOND  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

G^rdeth,  John, 

Feb. 

21,  '65 

July 

20, 

1865  ; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Hannaford,  KussellJ., 

Feb. 

17,  '65 

" 

<' 

do 

Monaha:i,  Peter, 

Mar. 

6,  '65 

" 

<i 

do 

Moore,  Edwin  C, 

'• 

2,  '• 

'« 

" 

do 

McOorniick,  Michael, 

July 

9,  '63 

Deserted 

Octobei 

9,  1863. 

Morrisscv.  William, 

Jan. 

13,  '63 

" 

Februai 

y  14,  1863. 

Smith,  John  F., 

Apr. 

16,  '63 

" 

July  19 

1863. 

COMPANY  C. 

Biggs,  Henry, 

Nov, 

5, '64 

July 

20 

1865 

expiration 

of   service. 

Brooks,  John, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Coyle,  James, 

Feb. 

16,  '65 

" 

do 

Lewis,  Charles, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Maloney,  William, 

" 

18,  " 

August  1, 

do 

McNiff,  John, 

" 

" 

July 

20, 

do 

COMPANY  D. 

Cleary,  Daniel, 

Feb. 

7,  '65 

" 

a 

do 

Dinan,  Dennis  D., 

Sept. 

14,  '64 

June  17, 

" 

do 

McPick  Bernard, 

Feb. 

4,  '65 

July 

20, 

ii 

do 

Sullivan,  Patrick, 

Mar. 

15,  '65 

" 

" 

do 

Webber,  George  W., 

Oct. 

8, '61 

Transferred  November  28, 1863, 

to  V.  R.  e. 

COMPANY  E. 

Broderick,  Benjamin, 

Nov. 

29,  '64 

July 

20, 

1865  ; 

expiration 

of   service. 

Fay,  Waldo  L., 

Sept 

3,  " 

June 

18, 

" 

do 

Lincoln,  George  E., 

Feb. 

23,  '65 

July 

20, 

" 

do 

COMPANY  F. 

Glancy,  Patrick, 

" 

17,  '63 

'< 

11 

do 

Kennedy,  Patrick, 

Mar. 

6,  '65 

*' 

" 

do 

Leonard,  Thomas,  jr., 

Sept. 

6,  '64 

" 

X 

do 

McCann,  Henry, 

Jan. 

3, '65 

" 

" 

do 

Mowry,  Lillcy  D., 

Mar. 

7,  " 

" 

« 

do 

Toomey,  Cornelius, 

" 

15,  " 

" 

a 

do 

Welch,  Joseph  W., 

Sept. 

3,  '64 

June 

17, 

ii 

do 

COMPANY  G. 

Holbrook,  Henry  E., 

Mar, 

6,  '65 

July 

20, 

" 

do 

Keefe,  John, 

" 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Lawton,  John, 

" 

12,  '64 

Deserted  August, 

1864. 

Murphy.  James  W., 

" 

9,  '65 

August  7 

1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Smith,  Oliver  A., 

Feb. 

18,  '64 

Died  December  6 

1864,  SaUsbury,  N.  C. 

COMPANY  H. 

Duvall,  Philip, 

June  20,  '63 

July 

20 

1865 

expiration 

of   service. 

Goslin,  Lewis  A., 

Mar. 

7,  'GS' 

" 

do 

Hoyl    Alfred  R., 

" 

22,  " 

" 

u 

do 

Hughes,  John, 

June  20,  'G3 

Transferred,  1863 

to  V.  R.  C. 

Reed,  Henry, 

" 

16,  '64 

Dese 

•ted  October  4, 1864. 

Scott,  Charles  A., 

" 

" 

.Tune 

6, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Shanley,  George, 

" 

20,  '63 

Deserted  June  22, 

1863. 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


545 


SECOND  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 

Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  I. 

Jesse  E.  Ilunt,  C, 

Feb. 

10. 

'63 

Died  November  18,  1864,  Savannah,  Ga. 

Curraii,  John, 

>' 

16. 

'65 

.Tuly  20.  1865 ;  expiration  of  sei-yico. 

Damon,  Franklin  E., 

" 

10, 

'63 

February  17,  1865;  disability. 

Leroux,  Lewis, 

" 

' 

Deserted  February  15,  1863. 

O'Connell,  Patrick, 

Mar. 

25, 

'64 

July  20,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  K. 

Backer.  August, 

June  10, 

'64 

Deserted  July  15,  1864. 

Blackburn,  "Charles, 

Jan. 

26, 

'63 

February  10.  1863. 

Dean,  James, 

"         August  2,  1863. 

Donnelly,  Patrick, 

Returned  Aug.  1, 1863,  to  1st  R.  I.  Cav.  as  deserter. 

Donnelly,  William, 

Deserted  February  11,  1863. 

Fegan,  William, 

"               "           7,     " 

Goodell,  Josejjh  L., 

u                   a                u 

McGrauh,  James, 

Killed  July  12, 1864,  Tenallytown,  Md. 

McGraub,  Thomas, 

Deserted  August  12,  1863. 

Powers.  Richard, 

"         February  20,  1863. 

Reynolds,  George, 

"               "           26,  1863. 

Scott,  Charles. 

Aug. 

5, 

'64 

.July  20,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Selliuger,  William  F., 

Jan. 

26, 

'63 

Deserted  August  2, 1863. 

COMPANY  li. 

Ormsbeo,  Ahnon, 

Feb. 

21, 

'65 

July     20,     1865  ;     expiration     of   service. 

COMPANY  M. 

Daley.  Edward. 

Feb. 

9, 

'65 

"               «                                 do 

Dresser,  Fairfield, 

'• 

August  2,      "                                     do 

Hall.  Thomas  0., 

" 

7, 

" 

July  20,         "                                     do 

Hunting.  Joseph  W., 

Mar. 

20, 

" 

"                                 do 

Shorey,  Frank  P., 

Feb. 

21, 

« 

"               "                                 do 

UNASSIGNED  RECRDITS. 

Carrington,  John  R., 

May 

31, 

'64 

June  27,  1864;  disability. 

Faulk,  Frederick, 

June  23, 

" 

July  16,     "               " 

Gillman,  John  E., 

Feb. 

8, 

'65 

May  6,  1S65 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Goodnow.  Silas, 

Aug. 

n. 

'64 

September  21,  1864;  dis.ability. 

Hewitt.  Elijuh, 

Feb. 

18, 

February  26.  1864:  rejected  recruit. 

Kelly,  Hugh, 

Sept. 

10, 

" 

October  1.  1864;  disability. 

Smith.  Edwin  M., 

Feb. 

15, 

'65 

April  28,  1865;  rejected  recruit. 

Smith.  George  R., 

Sept. 

2, 

'64 

Warren,  Frank, 

Nov. 

5, 

" 

Wilmarth.  James, 

Feb. 

17, 

" 

February  17,  1864;  rejected  recruit. 

THHID  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  C. 

Hickey,  Patrick, 

Jan. 

27, 

'64 

August  18,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  D. 

James  D.  Chapman,  C., 

Sept 

6, 

'62 

Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 

COMPANY  E. 

Babbitt,  Lewis, 

Jan. 

4, 

'64 

September  23, 1864. 

CAMP  ANY  H. 

Pethie,  William, 

Oct. 

27, 

'62 

May  20, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  M.— ONE  YEAR. 

Barber.  Charles  A., 
Hill,  George  W.  A., 

Dec. 

31, 

'64 

August  8, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
September  28,  1865;              do 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Brown,  Joseph, 
McCarthy,  Michael, 

June  29, 
Jan.    27, 

'64 

January  31,1864;  rejected  recruit. 

35 


54^ 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 
FOURTH  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  C. 

John  Wc-lch.  S., 

Jan. 

6, '64 

Deserted  October  19 

,  1864. 

Burns,  John, 

'• 

•  ' 

November  14 

1865; 

expiration  of  service. 

Hale,  Warren  R., 

" 

" 

Transferred  June  1, 

1864,  to  Navy. 

COMPANY  D. 

Eaton,  Joseph  P., 

Jan. 

3,  '65 

November   14,    186J 

:  expiration  of  service. 

Herman,  Otto, 

" 

'' 

" 

do 

COMPANY  E. 

Andrew  S.  Bond,  C, 

Jan. 

27,  '64 

(( 

(( 

do 

Wentworth,  Flavins  J., 

'' 

" 

«( 

do 

COMPANY  F, 

Latham  Burt,  B., 

" 

" 

(( 

(( 

do 

Marthi,  John, 

" 

" 

" 

(C 

do 

Smith,  Horatio  M., 

" 

" 

" 

(C 

do 

Wilson,  Henry  J., 

" 

(( 

(( 

« 

do 

Wilson,  Thomas  H., 

a 

" 

a 

iC 

do 

Winch,  John  W., 

(( 

<( 

i< 

(( 

do 

COMPANY  G. 

Franklin  H.  Clark.  S., 

" 

" 

(( 

IC 

do 

Theodore  C.  D.i\is,  8., 

a 

" 

" 

" 

do 

John  Sweeney,  jr.,  C, 

" 

" 

a 

« 

do 

Belden.  Charles  R., 

" 

" 

a 

(( 

do 

Bunting,  John, 

" 

u 

" 

" 

expiration  of  service  as  absent. 

Carr,  Eugene, 

" 

" 

(( 

« 

expiration  of  service. 

Dix,  Oscar  B.. 

a 

u 

a 

" 

do 

King,  James  M., 

" 

" 

June  3, 

u 

do 

Young,  Samuel, 

Dec. 

7, '64 

November  14 

" 

do 

COMPANY  K. 

Hynes,  Edward, 

Sept. 

22,  '64 

May  22, 

(f 

do 

Scriven,  Edward, 

Nov. 

14,  '64 

November  14 

(( 

do 

Welsh,  William, 

Sept. 

30,  '64 

" 

i( 

do 

FIFTH  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY   A. 

J.ames  8.  Raymond,  S., 
Smith,  Joseph  C., 
Carpenter,  James, 
Mason,  John, 

COMPANY  B. 

Bazzel  C.  Barker,  S., 
Adams,  William, 
Dangerfield,  Robert, 
Shcpard,  Alfred, 
Sherwood,  Lloyd, 
Smith,  William, 

COMPANY  0. 

Pratt,  Reuben  B., 

COMPANY  D. 

Honrv  G.  Garner,  8., 
Alfred  Hill.  F., 
Gant.  William  H., 
Johnson,  Lewis, 
Newton,  Benjamin, 

COMPANY  E. 

Johnson,  George, 

COMPANY  F. 

Cheeseman,  John, 
Lewis,  Jerome  T., 


May    11. '64 
12. 


Jan.    29, '64 
May    12,  " 

Jan.    29,  '64 
May   13,  " 

12,  " 


October  31,    1865  ;  expiration   of    service. 

"  "  do 

"  ••  do 

June  4,  "  do 


October  31,  1865;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.M. 

'•  ''  expiration  of  service. 

"  «  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 


11," 


Jan.    29.  '64 

May  13,  " 
June  2,  " 
May    12,  " 


May    31,  '' 

Feb.   22.  " 
July     9,  " 


October  18, 1864;  disability. 


Died  November  5, 1865,  New  Orleans. 

October   31,    1865  :     expiration    of    service. 
'■  "  do 

"  "  do 

June  21,  "  do 


October  21, 


do 


Died  July  9, 1864,  Portsmouth,  Va. 
October  31, 1865 ;  expiration  of  semce. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  547 

FIFTH  REGIMENT  OF  CAVALRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  H. 

Jacob  B.  Wilson,  C, 
Bowman,  Joseph  E., 

COMPANY  M. 

John  W.  Smith.  C, 
Brown,  S;imuel, 
Curtis,  James, 


Date  of. 
Muster 


June  29,  '64 
"     21,  " 


May     5,  '64 
Jan.      3,  'G5 


Remarks. 


October  31, 1S65  ;  expiration  of  service. 
June  24,  '•  do 

Deserted  September  27,  1865. 
October   31,    1865  ;    expiration   of    service. 
"  do 


FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  D. 

Matthews,  John  "W., 


Aug.  15.  '62[Transferrcd  to  11th  Infantry. 


SECOND  REGIMENT  INF.VNTRY.— THREE  MONTHS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Pehmeller,  Richard, 

July 

21, 

'04 

Deserted  August  15, 1864. 

COMPANY  D. 

Claffey,  John, 

Feb. 

18, 

'65 

July  14, 1865;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  E. 

COMPANY  F. 

Dumphrey,  Edward, 

Nov. 

10, 

'64 

Deserted  June  10,  1865. 

COMPANY  H. 

O'Connell,  John  J., 

May 

25, 

'61 

May  23, 1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Budd,  John  H., 
Morton,  John. 

Nov. 
May 

10, 
5, 

'64 
'64 

Never  joined  regiment. 

NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  B. 

Condon,  Andrew, 
Howard,  Martin, 
Thompson,  Charles, 

June  11, 
Nov.  .30, 
June  11, 

'61 

Killed  June  27,  1862,  Gaines'  Mills,  Va. 
Transferred  June  9,  1864,  to  32d  Infantry. 
Killed  July  1,  1862,  Malvern  Hill. 

COMPANY  C. 

Maurice  O'Donnell,  C., 
Cullen,  Michael, 
Fagan,  Lawrence, 
Leonard,  John, 

( 

i 

June  21, 1S64;  expiration  of  service. 
October  1, 1862;  disability. 
November  3,  1862 ;  disability. 
January  25, 1863 ;            " 

COMPANY  F. 

Hynes,  John, 

" 

i 

August  18,  1862;  disability. 

COMPANY   G. 

Flynn,  JohnM., 

May 

16, 

'64 

Transferred  June  10, 1864,  ta  32d  Infantry. 

COMPANY  H. 

Thomas  D.  Mooney,  M., 
Savage,  John, 
Tobin,  John, 

June 
Oct. 

11, 
22, 

'61 
'63 

Deserted  September  18, 1863. 

"        August  14,  1862. 
Transferred  June  10, 1864,  to  32d  Infantry. 

COMPANY  I. 

Kelley,  John, 

June  11, 

'61 

Died  November  16,  1861,  Minor's  Hill.  Va. 

TENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 
Powers,  Nathaniel  P., 

COMPANY  I. 

Deady,  Edward, 


June  21,  '61 
Dec.   10, '63 


February  17, 1863;  disabihty. 

Transferred  June  20, 1864,  to  37th  Infantry. 


548 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


ELEVENTH  REGIMENT  mPANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Names. 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY  A. 
Farley,  Philip, 
Hagan,  Lawrence, 
McGlinn,  John, 

COMPANY  C. 
Adams,  Jolm  H., 
Brewer,  Edward  J., 
Stribling,  Erasmus  D., 
Wilson,  Charles  H., 
"Wilson,  Everett  J., 

COMPANY  E. 

Darney,  James, 
Toohey,  James, 

COMPANY  F. 

Brazzll,  Patrick, 

COMPANY  n. 
William  H.  Wells.  S., 
Matthews,  John  W., 
Wells,  William  H., 

COMPANY  K. 

Gaskin,  William  H., 


June  13,  '61 
July  10, 
June  13, 


May    23,  " 
June  13,  " 

Aug.    4,  '62 
June  13,  '61 


July    11,  '64 


Dec.  29, '63 
Aug.  15,  '62 
June  13,  '61 


Killed  November  27,  1863,  Mine  Run,  Va. 
Juno  24,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
January  31, 1862;  disability. 


June  4, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

"  24, 1S64;  do 

Deserted  November  29, 1862. 
1S63,  minority. 
Transferred  January  14, 1864,  to  10th  Battery. 


June    24,     1864  ; 


Junes,  1865; 


expiration    of    service, 
do 


do 


May  16, 1865 :  do 

.July  14,    "  do 

December  28, 1863,  to  re-enlist. 


July  29, 1861 ;  disability. 


T\VELFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Bennett,  James. 

July 

25, 

'63 

Deserted  November  16,  1863. 

Betts,  Charles  R., 

iC 

24, 

" 

Transferred  June  25, 1864,  to  39th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  B. 

Conners,  .Tames,  2d, 

a 

( 

Deserted  August  18,  1863. 

Feenyd,  David, 

" 

' 

April  19,  1864. 

COMPANY  C. 

Claress,  Alphonso, 

July 

25, 

'63 

"        August  30, 1863. 

Kain,  Isaac, 

' 

Died  May  10,  1864,  Spottsylvania. 

Laragola,  Peter, 

a 

< 

July  17, 1805 ;  expiration  of  service. 

McRay,  John, 

" 

24, 

a 

Deserted  September  4,  1863. 

Murphy,  Charles, 

" 

25, 

(1 

•'        August  20,          " 

COMPANY  D. 

Leateh,  Edmund  C, 

u 

' 

Transferred  June  25,  1864,  to  39th  Infantry. 

Marteau,  Ludovic, 

" 

24, 

(1 

do 

Mason,  Daniel, 

" 

' 

Deserted  August  21, 1863. 

Melvin.  John, 

''■ 

' 

18,     " 

Miller,  Henry, 

a 

25, 

" 

"              "            " 

Morrill,  David  W., 

" 

' 

Transferred  June  25,  1864,  to  39th  Infantry. 

Morrill,  Robert  W., 

" 

n, 

'61 

do 

COMPANY  E. 

Davis,  Maynard  0., 

.June  26, 

'61 

February  12, 1863 ;  disability. 

Earle,  Anthony, 

July 

11, 

" 

Transferred  June  25, 1864,  to  39th  Infantry. 

Shaw,  George  W.,  jr.. 

*' 

13, 

'63 

'•                     "                         do 

COMPANY  T. 

Gordon,  Orange  S., 

" 

14, 

" 

"                     "                         do 

Nelson,  John, 

" 

25, 

" 

"                     "                         do 

Wall,  Thomas  W., 

u 

"                     '<                         do 

Welch,  Charles, 

" 

^ 

' 

"                     "                         do 

COMPANY  G. 

Cilley,  Jasper  L., 

" 

5, 

'61 

Deserted  July  9.  1862. 

Welch,  David, 

" 

' 

March  1, 1863 ;  disability. 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


549 


TWELFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  TEARS.— CONTINUED. 


Names. 


COMPANY  H. 

Smith,  George, 
Welch,  Michael, 

COMPANY  I. 

Adams,  Henry. 
BraiiDlgan,  Thomas, 
Doras,  Charlea, 

COMPANY  K. 

Duverbois,  Emil, 
Henry,  Meyer, 

UNASSIGNED  RECRDITS. 

Flynn,  William, 
Goes,  Thomas, 
Meyer,  Christian, 
Miller,  Charles, 
Troy,  James  F., 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


July  25,  'eslDeserted  August  18, 1863. 


Transferred  April  19. 1864,  to  Navy. 
Deserted  August  18,  1863. 


24,  " 

25,  " 


Nov.     2, 


Deserted  August  15, 1863. 


THIRTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.- THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Ham,  Henry  A., 

July 

27,  '63 

Transferred  July  14, 1864,  to  39th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  B. 

Davis,  William, 
Fink,  John, 

" 

16,  '61 
24, '63 

August  1, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  July  13, 1864,  to  39th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  F. 

Schoeu,  Frederick, 

" 

25,  " 

Missing  since  June  3,  1864. 

COMPANY  I. 

Quinn,  John, 
Sullivan,  Thomas, 
Thompson,  John, 

11 

28,  " 
24,  " 
26,  " 

Deserted  August  16,  1863. 
AprilT.  1864,- disaliilit-?. 
Deserted  August  16,  1S63. 

COMPANY  K. 

Heath,  Walter  8.  C, 
Parre,  John, 
Treatast,  Edmund, 

Jan. 
July 

5,  '64 
24, '63 
28,  " 

Deserted  April  10,  1864. 

Transferred  April  20,  1864,  to  Dept.  of  N.  W. 

Deserted  October  19,  1863. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Rice,  John, 

'« 

24,  " 

FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


BAND. 

*■ 

N.  P.  Goddard,  Leader, 

Aug.    5,  '61 

August 

8, 

1862, 

order  War  Department. 

Clark  R.  Bancroft, 

** 

'* 

do 

Paul  Bauer, 

August 

24, 

1862 

;  disability. 

Andrew  Fischer, 

" 

8, 

" 

order  War 

Department. 

William  Fischer, 

" 

" 

do 

William  H.  Folger, 

Died  December 

21, 1861. 

Hollis  J.  Haven, 

August 

8, 

1862,    order   War 

Department, 

Albert  W.  Kelly, 

" 

do 

Robert  Meade, 

" 

do 

Henry  J.  Murray, 

" 

do 

Charles  H.  Odlin, 

" 

do 

Frederick  Page, 

U               11 

« 

do 

John  Riedl, 

<<          it 

" 

do 

Benjamin  D.  Ryan, 

"          " 

« 

do 

Joseph  Sauer, 

<( 

do 

George  II.  Smith, 

(( 

do 

Christopher  Specht, 

« 

do 

Edwin  H.  Spring, 

"        " 

" 

do 

550  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued, 


Names. 


COMPANY  A. 

Ricliaid  L.  Jewell,  C, 
William  D.  Oakley,  C, 
John  D.  Kane,  M., 
Bacon,  Frank, 
Barton,  Charles  H., 
Betterley,  Edward  8., 
Cook,  George  M., 
Gleason,  Albert  H., 
Hubbard,  Charles, 
Lalor,  John  H., 
Morrissey,  John, 
Parmenter,  John  A., 
Regan,  John  O., 
Stanley,  George  W., 
Watson,  George  H., 
Welsh,  David, 
White,  Joseph  H., 

COMPANY  B. 

Eaton,  Calvin  J., 
Skirrington,  John, 

COMPANY  C. 

James  K.  Witham,  S., 
Andrews.  Edward  A., 
Baker,  Tompkins, 
Chambers,  Iliram  A., 
Coolidge,  Charles, 
Getchell,  Harlow  D., 
Hamilton,  Joseph  A., 
Jameson,  Calvin, 
Lowe,  Albert  W., 
Perkins,  Charles  G., 
Priest,  Silas, 
Ware,  Charles  W., 
Winchester,  Milo, 

COMPANY  D. 

Benjamin  Taft,  8., 
George  E.  Barnard,  8., 
WiUiam  H.  Ford,  8., 
Henry  Houghton,  S., 
George  G.  Noyes,  S., 
Edward  A.  Rice,  S., 
Henrys.  Baker,  C, 
George  W.  Farr,  C, 
Camlin  W.  Smith,  C, 
Alger,  Warren  H., 
Anderson   Edward, 
Andrews,  William  H., 
Annington,  Samuel  W., 
Beniis,  Charles  H., 
Bemis,  Henry  N., 
Bickford,  Thomas, 
Bickford,  W.  S., 
Blake,  Edwin  E., 
Blodgett,  William  M., 
Bonzey,  Charles  P., 
Brigham,  Louis, 
Butterfield,  Michael, 
Childs,  George  G., 
Cobb,  Andrew  8., 
Coney,  Barney, 
Cromac,  James  B., 
Cummings.  Stillman  L. 
Daniels,  James, 
Dcfose,  Charles  L., 
Dlvoll,  John 


Aug. 

July 
Mar. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 

July 


Aug. 
July 
Aug. 


July   30,  '61 
Jan.     9,  '62 


July   12, '61 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


July  28,  1S64;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 
Killed  July  3,  1863,  Gettysburg. 
Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 
April  22,  1862;  promotion,  N.  Y.  Regiment, 
Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

"  "  do 

Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 
May  25,  1863;  Hospital  Steward. 
January  23,  1863;  disability, 
August  6,  1861 ;  " 

Died  February  16,  1864,  Worcester. 
August  6,  1S61 ;  disability. 
Transferred  August  7,  1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 
July  28, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  July  22, 1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

"  May  16,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

"         October  26,  1863,        " 


Killed  July  4, 1863,  Gettysburg. 

Died  July  29,  1862,  Point  Lookout,  Md. 


July  11,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
August  6,  1861 ;  disability. 

Killed  September  17,  1862,  Antietam. 

Died  of  wounds  October  14, 1862. 
February  18,  1863;  disability. 
August  6,  1861;  " 

"      6,1862;  " 

November  17,  1862;        " 


Feb. 
July 


Aug. 
July 


Tan. 
July 


Mar. 
July 


Feb. 
Jan. 
July 

Mar. 
July 


August  6, 1861; 


Died  January  15,  1865,  Salisbury,  N.  C,  in  Co.  I. 

Transferred  November  14,  1862,  to  enlist  in  U.  S.  A. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 
"  "  do 

April  22,  1863;  disability. 

Quartermaster  Sergeant  December  8, 1863. 

November  14.  1862,  to  enlist  in  U.  S.  A. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

September  21,  1862;  disability. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Inf'ry;  re-enlisted. 

December  30,  1862;  disability. 

February  16,  1863 ;  " 

Maroh  26,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

August  23,  1861,  disability. 

Kilied  May  31,  1862,  Fair  Oaks. 

Deserted  August  1,  1862. 

December  6,  1862;  disability. 

Deserted  August  1,  1862. 

July  28,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  of  wounds.  May  31,  1862,  Fortress  Monroe. 
'62  February  3,  1863;  disability. 
'62  Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 
'61  "  January  9,  1862,  to  Navy. 

Died  April  12,  1862,  Hilton  Head. 
'62  Died  of  wounds,  Antietam,  September;  17,  1862. 
'61  August  19,  1861,  to  enlist  in  19th  Infantry. 

Kilted  October  21,  1861,  Balls  Bluff. 

July  28,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Dis.ability. 

September  21, 1862;  disability, 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


55^ 


FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— CONTraNED. 


Names. 


COMPANY  D. — CON. 
Downs,  Oscar, 
Earlo,  Anthony, 
Eaton,  Francis  W., 
Faj-,  Eugene  L.. 
Fiiincy.  Ralph  T., 
Fitch,"  Charles  M.. 
Ford,  William  H., 
Freeman,  Joseph, 
Fuller,  Henry, 
Giknan,  William  L., 
Gleason,  Milan, 
Goddard,  Luther  D., 
Gouldinsr,  Edward, 
Green,  Charles  A., 
Greenleaf,  Levi  C., 
Haniiant,  Richard  L., 
Harris.  Eben, 
Head,  Charles, 
Henry,  Harlow, 
Hologiu,  Michael, 
House,  Benjamin  D., 
Houghton,  Henry, 
Jordan,  E.D., 
Kneeland,  James  H., 
Knight,  Frank, 
Lamb,  Jeremiah  B., 
Leland,  Edson  T., 
Logue,  John  S., 
Maple,  Frederick  T., 
McCanibridgo,  F., 
McCuran,  Peter, 
McDonald,  John, 
Merrifield,  Fr.ank  H., 
Mirick,  Walton  M., 
Morey,  John, 
Newton,  Oliver  W., 
Noyes,  Francis  H., 
Cakes;  Oliver  S., 
Odlin,  Willis  H., 
Owen,  Leander  J., 
Parsons.  George, 
Peacock,  James  F., 
Pierce,  Edward  L., 
Pierce,  E.  W., 
Pierce,  Joseph  F., 
Pollinger,  Frank. 
Putnam,  George  8., 
Ratig.an,  Patrick, 
Richardson,  John  A., 
Sl.ater,  Samuel, 
Smith,  Alfred  F., 
Smith,  Eli  L.. 
Smith,  John  W., 
Sprague,  Amos. 
Stafford,  John  F., 
Stiles,  Charles  H., 
Sylvester,  G.  M., 
Taylor,  James, 
Thompson,  J.  B., 
Train.  Christopher, 
Upham,  Charles  W., 
Walker,  Melville. 
Wcixler,  Herman  B., 
Whittemore,  Henry  S., 
Wood,  Charles  W., 
Woods,  Dwight  B., 
Young,  Priestly, 


Date  of. 
Muster 


Aug. 
July 


Feb. 
July 


28, 
12, 


6,  '62 
24, 
12,  '61 
20,  '6£ 
12,  '61 


Remarks. 


Aug. 
Dec. 
July 


Jan. 
Mar. 

July 

Feb. 
July 


Jan. 
Mar. 

July 


Feb. 
July 
Jan. 
July 


Aug. 
July 


20,  '61  August  2,  1862;  disability. 
12;  '61  November  22,  1862;  disability. 
27,  '63  Transferred  July  27.  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 
9,  '62  January  9.  1863;  disabihty. 
12,  '61  July  28.  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Feb.  4,  '64,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Inl'y.  July  27,  '64. 

Died  November  3,  1862.  Kelly's  Ford,  Va. 

January  22.  1863 ;  disability. 

Transferred  January  15,  1S63,  to  V.  R.  C. 

July  7,  1863;  disability. 

June  20,  1862;        " 

February  16,  1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry. 

March  25,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

July  28,  1864:  " 

November  12,  1862;  disability. 

March  14,  1S62;  " 

Missing  since  September  17,  1862. 

December  19,  1862;  disability. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

April  16,  1862;  disability. 

February  4, 1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Died  of  wounds,  Antietam. 

Transferred  to  V.  R.  O. 

January  21,  1862;  disability. 

April  12,  1862;  '• 

Died  September  18,  1862,  New  York. 

March  23,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

December  25,  1863,  to  re-enlist. 

Died  August  8,  1862;  Worcester. 

March  21,  1863;  disability. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

January  21.  1863;  disability. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

February  7,  1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry. 

Died  of  wounds,  Antietam. 

July  28.  1864;  expiration  cf  service. 


17,  '62 
12,  '61 


30,  '64 
12,  '01 
15,  '62 

6, 
24, 
12, 


'61 


20,  '62  Killed.  Antietam. 

14,  '•    Transferred  July  27,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 

12,  'Gl  November  22,  1863;  disability. 

Never  left  the  State. 

October  9.  18G3;  disability. 

.July  28,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
20,  '62' September  19.  1862;  disability. 


12,  '61 
25,  '62 
12,  '61 
10.  '62 
12,  '61 
24,  '62 
12,  '61 


6,  '62 
12,  '61 


Dec. 
July 


12, 


23,  '62 
12.  '61 


Transferred  Januarj'  9,  1862,  to  Navy. 

February  7,  1864.  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry, 

March  24,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Transferred  to  20th  Infantry,  July  27, 1864. 

July  28,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

January  10.  1863;  disabilitv. 

Killed  October  21,  1861,  Ball's  Bluff. 

April  15, 1862;  disability. 

Killed  October  21,  1861,  Ball's  Bluff. 

Killed,  Antietam. 

October  2.  1862;  disability. 

December  30,  1862;  disability. 

July  28,  1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

"    12,     "  " 

Died  Novembei-,  1861,  Richmond. 
Died.  Antietam. 
November  26,  1862:  disability. 
January  1.  1964.  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry. 
May  22,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
•July  28,  1864;  " 

2d  Lieutenant,  36th  U.  S.  C.  T. 


552 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  TEARS.— Contincei>. 


Names. 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY  E. 

George  II.  Carr.  S., 
James  Courie,  8., 
Edward  Cudworth,  S., 
Charles  Sutto;i,  W., 
Berry,  Henry  L., 
Crowley,  Timothy  J., 
Curran,  John  H., 
Dodd,  Cyrus  J., 
Eaton,  Fraiik, 
Fltchpatrick,  John, 
Flynn,  Michael, 
Green,  Bartholomew, 
Hase,  Rudolph, 
Hoolnan,  Henry, 
Hudson,  Archibald  B., 
Larned,  Cyrus, 
Larned,  Joel  W., 
Smith.  Thomas  B., 
Sullivan,  John, 
Thompson,  Alexander, 
Thompson,.  Thomas,  2d, 
Welch,  Martin, 

COMPANY   F. 

Eli  Clements,  W., 
Adams,  Edwin  L., 
Brown,  John, 
Donovan,  Jeremiah, 
Dorr,  Wellington  H., 
Lowe,   Seth  L., 
Potter,  Augustus  N., 
Towne,  Merritt  A., 
Walker,  WilliMn  H., 

COMPANY  G. 
Charles  Davis,  C., 
James  S.  Kirkup,  C, 
Frank  D.  Morse,  C, 
Ball,  L.  D.. 
Barry,  Joseph, 
Black,  James  E., 
Brainard,  Robert  M., 
Dixon,  John  C, 
Goodwin,  Charles  L., 
Harris,  Daniel, 
Hart,  William, 
Merriam,  C.  I., 
Moore,  David, 
Moore,  William  T., 
Oakes,  William  K., 
Perry.  James, 
Phetteplace,  Oscar, 
Preston,  C.  L., 
Rockwood,  C.  A., 

COMPANY  H. 

Addison,  Andrew, 
Bliss,  Edward  M., 
Bixbee,  >John  T., 
Ferris,  William, 
Finegan,  Patrick, 
Luek   Peter, 
Magomery,  Thomas, 
Pierce,  J.  L., 

COMPANY  I. 

Bcnway,  Kennedy, 
Cassidy,  Thomas, 


July    12,  '61 


Dec. 

25, 

'63 

July 

12, 
30, 

'61 

Dec. 

n. 

July 

31, 
12, 
80, 
12, 

24, 

'62 
'61 

" 

20, 

'63 

" 

24, 

<. 

Aug. 
July 

u 

6, 
31, 
23, 
31, 

'62 
'62 

" 

30, 

'61 

Feb.  20, 


May  27,  1863;  disability. 

July  2S,  1S64:  expiration  of  service. 

Transferred  July  27,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

July  28,  1864;  expir.ation  of  service. 

May  14,  1863:  disability. 

March  18,  1863;  disability. 

Ivilled,  Antietam. 

July  28,  1864;  expiration  of  service, 

March  19,  1863;  disability. 

Tuly  19,  1861 ;  never  left  the  state. 

Killed  July  2,  1863,  Gettysburg. 

February  27,  1863. 

Deserted  October  15,  1863. 

February  27,  1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry. 
Died  September  2,  1862,  Washington. 
July  28,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

December  19,  1802;  disability. 
Killed,  Antietam, 
Transferred  to  20th  Infantry. 
February  26,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 


.luly  28,  1864 ;  exiiiration  of  service. 

Mai-ch  30,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

March  9,  1863 ;  disability. 

Aprils,  1864;  " 

January  23,  1863;     " 

July  11,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

■    28,     "  " 

Transferred  July.  1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 
March  19,  1863 ;  disability. 


Died  March  15,  1862,  Washington. 
Transferred  to  20th  Infantry. 

August  11,  1864;  commission  inU.  S.  C.  T. 

Transferred  to  20th  Infantry. 

August  15,  1864. 

B'ebruary  9, 1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry. 

December  5,  1863;  to  re-enlist. 

October  10,  1862 ;  disability. 

Died  June  30,  1862. 

Died  September  6, 1864,  AndersonviUe. 

Killed,  Antietam. 

Transferred  February  15, 1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

U  (i  .^  <i 

December  12,  1862;  disability. 

Killed  May  6,  1804,  Wilderness. 

January  30,  1863;  disability. 

Deserted  March  1,  1863. 

Died  of  wounds,  May  12, 1S64,  Arlington,  Va. 


Killed,  Antietam. 
December  22,  ]S62;  disability. 
Died  September  12,  1862;  Gettysburg. 
Jtfareh  3,  1863 ;  disabihty. 
Ivillcd.  Antietam. 

'Jransferred  February  16. 1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 
July   22,  "    Died  October  4, 1862. 
■       25,  '61  October  9, 1862;  disability. 


July 

12, 

'61 

Deo. 

■"i, 

July 

24, 
12, 

'62 
'61 

28, 

'62 

Feb. 

24, 

'• 

July 

25, 

'* 

Aug. 

4, 

'61 

Dec. 

25, 

'63 

Nov. 

25, 

'61 

July 
Dec. 

12, 

9, 

a 

July 

28, 
26, 

'62 

Aug. 
Feb. 

1, 

20, 

„ 

July 

12, 

28, 

'61 
'62 

12, 

'61 

" 

24, 

'62 

" 

12, 

'61 

Feb. 

20, 

'62 

Mar. 

2, 

'64 

Nov. 

26, 

'61 

July 

30, 
12, 

" 

i( 

22, 

'62 

Jan. 

13, 

" 

Aug. 
July 
Jan. 

2, 

7, 

20, 

'61 
'62 

" 

6, 

'62 

29,  '62 
May    15,  '61 


February  2, 1864:  disability. 
Killed,  iJall's  Bluff. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


553 


FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  I.— CON. 

Dow,  Daniel  R., 

Aug.    5,  '61 

Never  left  the  State. 

Green,  Edward  P., 

July   31,  '62 

November  17,  1862;  disability. 

Green,  Lucius  II., 

"      10,  '61 

Transferred  December  13,  1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Guilfoyle,  Daniel, 

Mar.  31,  '64 

Transferred  to  2i)th  Infantry. 

Hasty,  Patrick, 

June    6,  '61 

February  20,  1804,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  20th  Infantry. 

Joy,  Emory  W., 

Feb.      9,  '64 

Transferred  to  20th  Infantry. 

Laverty,  Robert  F., 

June    6,  '61 

January  13,  1863;  disability. 

Laverty,  William  H., 

"     20,  " 

Transferred  February  1.5,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Mirick,  George  W., 

Aug.    6,  " 

Transferred  to  20th  Infantry. 

Remiek,  Augustus, 

"       8,  " 

April  7,  1862;  disability. 

Sullivan,  Timothy, 

"       6,  " 

Never  left  the  State. 

COMPANY  K. 

Melville  Uowland,  S., 

July     1,  " 

Died  August  28, 1862. 

Burns,  John  B., 

"      23,  '62 

September  19,  1862;  disability. 

Hansen,  Peter, 

Aug.    8,  '• 

Deserted  July  9,  1863. 

Horton,  Henry, 

Missing  since  August  27,  1862. 

Hoyt,  Patrick, 

July     1.  '61 

Killed.  Gettysburg. 

Keating,  Michael, 

" 

May  16,  1864;  disability. 

Kelley,  Daniel, 

"      22,  '62 

April  1,  1863. 

Krelan,  .James. 

"      12,  '61 

.Tune  12.  1865. 

Lester,  Walter  E., 

Aug.     1,  '62 

Deserted  September  17, 1863. 

McBridue,  Martin, 

-July     1,  '61 

Died  of  wounds.  April  27, 1862. 

Smith.  Manley  S., 

Aug.  12,  '62 

Deserted  October  23,  1863. 

Thornton.  J.  F.. 

July   12,  '61 

Died  of  wounds. 

Thompson,  Stephen, 

1,  •• 

White,  James, 

"      12,  " 

July  28, 1864;  expiration  of  sei-yice. 

TINASSIGNED    RECRCITS. 

Agnen,  Peter, 

July  29,  '62 

Bachelor,  Alfred  A., 

"     31,  " 

Killed. 

Ball,  Andrew, 

"     29,  " 

Burke,  .Tames, 

Aug.    1,  " 

Connolly,  Owen, 

July   28,  '63 

Davis,  John  R., 

'•'      9,  '62 

Duprey,  Albert, 

"      29,  " 

HoUigan,  John, 

"      20,  '63 

Kneeland,  .Tames, 

Aug.     9,  '61 

December  11, 1862;  disability. 

McGuiro,  Philip, 

July  2b,  '62 

Mitchell,  William  H., 

"      29.  " 

Moore,  Luther  C, 

Aug.    6;  " 

Pease.  Aurelius  G., 

July  29,  " 

Never  left  the  State. 

Pepinan,  John, 

I.         .i 

Plimpton,  Amos  G., 

''     31,  " 

Ryan,  John, 

"     23.  " 

Thompson,  Frank  H., 

-Tan.    16,  " 

Wells,  Louis, 

Aug.  24,  " 

Willard,  Harlon  H., 

July  31,  " 

Never  left  the  State. 

SIXTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY   F. 

Whalon,  Thomas, 


I  July  12,  '61 1  Died  of  wounds,  Yorktown.  .Tune  29,  1862. 


SEVENTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 

COMPANY  A. 

Smith,  James, 

July  21,  '61 

August  3, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  B. 

Bugbee,  Edward  R., 
Chase,  James  N., 

Sept.  10,  '64 
'•     16,  " 

June  30, 1865 ;  order  War  Department. 

COMPANY  C. 

Robinson,  .James, 

Feb.    24,  '65 

July  11,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  D. 

Rvin,  P.atrick, 
Whitney,  George  W., 

Sept.    9,  '64 
••       5,  •' 

.June  30, 1865 ;  order  War  Department. 
May  25,  1865.^ 

554  WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 

SEVENTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 

Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  E. 

Thomas  D.  Bassctt,  C, 
Michael  J.  Donahue,  C, 
Cadieux,  Charles, 
Chaffee,  Jonathan  E., 
Duffy,  Michael, 
Ricker,  Charles  C., 
Rich,  Willam  A., 

Sept 

9, '64 

6,  " 

17,  " 
0,  " 
5,  '• 

June 

a 

30,     1865 
i( 

order   War 

Department, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

COMPANY  F. 

Frye,  George  M., 
Whiting,  Jonathan  "W., 

;; 

II 

;; 

II 

do 
do 

COMPANY  G. 

Patrick  Kearey,  C, 

" 

12,  " 

" 

" 

do 

COMPANY  H. 

John  Hadley,  C, 
Desmond,  Cornelius, 
Leary,  Daniel, 
Ledwith,  James, 
Morey,  Lewis, 

Jan. 
Sept. 
Jan. 
Feb. 

8,  " 
11,  '6.5 
19,  '64 
11,  '6.5 

2,  " 

July 
.June 
July 

do 
11, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
30,  1865 ;  order  "War  Department. 
11,     1865  ;     expiration     of    service. 
"                                       do 

EIGHTEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  G. 

Cutting,  Joseph  B., 

Feb. 

9, 

'64 

Transferred  to  32nd  Infantry,  October  26,  1864. 

Eaton,  Charles, 

July 

11, 

'63 

do 

Hero,  Gideon  P., 

Aug. 

24, 

'61 

Killed  August  30.  1862,  Bull  Run. 

Marsh,  Charles  W., 

Transferred  December  25,  1S62,  to  5th  U.  S.  A. 

Parmenter,  Henry, 

Died  of -wounds,  iSheppardstown,  September  20, 1862. 

Stone,  Jolm,  jr.. 

" 

February  8,  1S64,  to  re-enhst;  deserted. 

Taft,  Lucius  b., 

July 

15, 

'63 

Transferred  October  21,  1864,  to  32d  Infantry. 

NINETEENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  C. 

Gatz,  George, 
Reese,  George, 

COMPANY  D. 

Cromack,  Joseph  B., 

COMPANY  E. 

Hallagan,  Michael, 
Lucia,  Paul, 
Marsaid,  August, 

COMPANY  F. 

Charles  O'Neill,  C, 

COMPANY  G. 

Lealiy,  Thomas, 

COMPANY  H. 
Benjamin  Drury,  W., 

Mib'an,  Patrick, 
Wilson,  John, 

COMPANY  I. 

Angle,  Francis, 
Denny,  Jolin. 
Goss,'jai;ies  W., 
Sliehan,  Edward, 
Wheeler,  William  H., 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Carts,  John, 
Tabor,  William  R., 


.Jan. 
July 


Aug.  25,  '61 


July 
Feb. 


Aug.  23,  '61 


July 

Aug. 
May 


Jan.    30,  '65 


Aug. 
July 


Feb. 
Aug. 


.June  30. 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  January  14,  1S64,  to  20th  Infantry. 

September  27,  1862;  disability. 

Transferred  January  14,  1864,  to  20th  Infantry. 
July  22,  1865 ;  expiratiou  of  service, 
June  30,    "  do 


August  11, 1882 ;  disability. 

Transferred  July  1, 1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 

November  28, 1862 ;  disability. 
-June     5,     1865  ;      expiratiou     of     service. 
30,      "  do 


•  "  do 

"  do 

*'  do 

Deserted,  1862. 

June  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 

TWENTIETH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


555 


Names. 

Date  of 

Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  A. 

FraucLs,  Jonathan, 

Aug.    8, '61 

Died  of  wounds,  December  13, 1862,  Fredericksburg, 

COMPANY  D. 

Derex,  Louis, 
McDonald,  .John, 
^yoods,  Matthew, 

■'       3,  '63 
Mar.     8,  '02 
July     6,  '64 

July     16,     1865  ;      expiration     of    service, 
do 

COMPANY  E. 

■William  H.  Ford,  S., 
Sam'l  W.  Arraington,  C, 
Barton,  Charles  H., 
Barry,  Joseph, 
Brainard,  Robert  M., 
Donnelly,  John, 
Eaton,  Francis  W., 
Fisk,  Francis  W., 
Fitch,  Charles  M., 

Feb.     4,  '64 
Nov.     2,  '61 
July  12,  " 
Dec.     9,  " 
Feb.     9,  '64 
Dec.     8,  '61 
July  27,  '63 

Feb.     4,  '64 

"                                  do 

"              "                                    do 
July  31, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
December  4,  1864 ;            do 
Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 
M.ny  5,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  September  29,  1864,  Audersonville. 
July  16,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Juue  30,     "                          do 

COMPANY  F. 

McFarland  James, 
Parra,  John, 

July  12,  '63 
"      24,  " 

Deserted  February  5, 1865. 

July  16, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  G. 

Patrick  Harty,  S., 
Henry  Houghton,  S., 
James  8.  Ki, 
Alger.  Warren  H., 
Guilfoyle, 

Feb.    20,  '64 
"       4,  " 

u       7^  << 

June  2,     "                          do 
July  10,     "        disability. 

Died  at  Audersonville,  August  14,  1864. 
Died  at  Salisbury,  December  15, 1865. 

COMPANY  H. 

Brewer,  Henry  W., 
Holigan,  John, 

Sept.    4,  '61 
July  30,  '63 

Killed  October  21, 1861,  Ball's  Bluff. 
Transferred  April  4,  1864,  to  15th  Infantry. 

COMPANY  I. 
Clark,  William  H., 
Myrick,  George  W., 

July     5,  '64 
Aug.    6,  '61 

July  16,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
August  5,  1864;                  do 

COMPANY  K. 

George  W.  Farr,  C  , 
Sampson,  Joseph  N., 

Aug.  25.  '61 
July   15,  '64 

May  22,  1865 ;  disability. 
Never  joined  regiment* 

UNASSIGNF.D  RECRUITS. 

Betterley,  Edward  S., 
Butterfield,  Michael, 
Hallegan,  Michael, 
Hologin.  Michael, 
Morse,  Frank  D., 
Morey.  John, 
Slater,  Samuel, 
Thompson,  Thomas,  2d., 

Aug.    2,  '61 
Jan.    20,  '62 
Aug.  30,  '63 
July  17,  '62 
Nov.  26,  '61 
July   1.5,  '62 
"      10,  " 
"       7,  " 

August  5,  1864. 

August  6,  1864;  disability. 

TWENTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


John  L.  Cook,  Pr.  M, 

COMPANY  A. 

Ames,  Jeduthon  W., 
Cromwell,  Henry, 
Morse,  Joseph  E., 
Wilder,  Charles  S., 

COMPANY  B. 

Hubbard.  George, 
Preston,  Charles  L., 
Smith,  Henry  M., 
Smith,  Samuel, 


Mar.   26, 

'64 

"      19, 

'' 

Aug.  23, 

'61 

li         1 

Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Deserted  April  12,  1864. 

January  1,  1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  36th  Infantry, 


September 4,  1861;  disability. 
August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  October  25,  1862,  to  U.  S.  Cav. 
April  15,  1863;  disability. 


556 


WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 


TWENTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INF^VNTRT.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  C. 

Peter  Lynch.  O., 
Albert  Patterson,  C, 
Thomas  Spence,  C., 
Archer,  Luther, 
Bullard,  Francis, 
Bullard,  Silas  C., 
Carter,  William, 
Carter,  William  H.  H., 
Clarli,  Tliomas, 
Cleary,  Michael  B., 
Davis,  John, 
Finncran,  John, 
Fitzgerald,  Joseph, 
Pogcrty,  Dennis, 
Frost,  William, 
Gallagher,  Timothy, 
Garton,  John  H., 
Glasgow,  William, 
Gould,  Samuel  D., 
Lanckton,  Timothy, 
Lombard,  William, 
Morgan,  Samuel, 
Oakes,  Barney, 
Quilty,  James, 
Robbins,  Stephen  L., 
Rogers,  Albert, 
Scott,  William  W., 
Smith,  Alfred, 
Smith,  David, 
Vail,  Jeiirey, 
Warren,  Asa  J.. 
Young,  Giles  W., 

COMPANY  D. 

Albee,  Seth, 
Doherty,  Thomas  A,, 
Steavins,  Albert  C, 

COMPANY  E. 

Ballard,  Augustus  H., 
Brown,  Justus, 
Clinton,  John  L., 
Defoe,  Paul, 
Hall,  WiUiam  P., 
Henry,  Alvin  P., 
Keniiev,  William  P., 
Maguiilon,  Charles  E., 
Paine  Jefferson, 
Robinson,  William  L., 
Stuart,  William  H., 
Webster,  Laicius, 
Wilson,  James  H., 

COMPANY  F. 
Hiram  AV.  Batchelder,  B.: 
John  G.  Brewer,  8., 
Felix  McDei-mott,  S., 
Charles  C.  Muzzey,  S., 
Samuel  Brcckenridge,  C. 
Bert  Stone,  C, 
Tyler  C.  Peck,  W., 
Barry,  Richard, 
Benchley.  Alfred  F., 
Buckley,  Daniel, 
Clifford,  .Jeremiah, 
Connor,  Michael  T., 
Day,  Iliram  J., 
Doner,  Pierre  F., 


Aug.  23,  '61 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Mar. 
Aug. 

Mar. 

Aug. 


July 
Sept. 
July 
Aug. 


Aug.    7, 

2T, 


23, 

24, 
23, 


28, 
23, 


Aug. 
Jan. 

Aug. 


Remarks. 


January  1, 1864,  to  re-enlist ;  Tr.  to  36th  Infantry. 

January  19,  1863;  disability. 

Deserted. 

Killed  September  1, 1862,  Chantilly. 

May  7,  1862;  disability. 

December  30,  1S62 ;  disability. 

August  30,  1S64;  expiration  of  service. 

January  1,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Deserted  An.gust,  1862. 

Died  April  17,  1862,  steamer  Northerner. 

January,  1,  1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  36th  Infantry. 

November  22,  1862;  disabiltiy. 

December  29,     '■  " 

Died  March  11,  1862,  steamer  Northerner. 

August  30,  1864;  expiratiozi  of  servive. 

Transferred  October  25,  1862.  to  U.  S.  A. 

January  1,  1864,  to  re-enlist;  Tr.  to  36th  Infantry. 

February  21,  1862. 

Transfer'-ed  to  36th  Infantry. 

August  30, 1864;  expiration  of  service, 

February  28,  1862 ;  disability. 

Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Transferred  October  23,  1862,  to  U.  S.  Cav. 

December  7,  1862;  disability. 

Supposed  killed,  Antietam. 

April  25,  1862 ;  disability. 

May  7,  1863;  " 

August  30, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

October  1,1862;  do 

August  30,  1804;  do 

March  2,  1863;  disability. 


Deserted  August  8,  1861. 
August  30,  1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 
"        2, 1S62;  disability. 


March  14, 1863 ;  disability. 

December  3,  1862;       " 

lanuary  22,  1863;        " 

Deserted  August  10, 1862. 

June  11.  1863. 

September  14,  1861 ;  disability. 

Transferred  September  20, 1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 

October  30,  1862.  to  U.  S.  Cav. 
Died  October  9, 1863,  Camp  Nelson,  Ky. 
Transferred  October  23,  1862,  to  U.  S.  Cav, 
April  9, 1863 ;  disability. 
January  1,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 
Died  of  wounds,  December  15, 1862,  Fredericksburg. 


Jan.     2,  '64  September  24, 1864,  as  supernumerary. 
Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

'61  January  1,  1864.  to  re-enlist. 

64  September  24.  1864.  as  supernumerary. 

'61  March  4, 1862 ;  disability. 

'62  August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

'61         "  "  do 

Octobers,  1862;  disability. 

•62:March28,  1863: 

'eijJniiuary  27,  1862,  for  wounds. 

•      August  30,  1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

'62  May  7,  1863 ;  disability. 

'6l'April27,  1862;      " 

'64lTrausferred  to  36th  Infantry. 


Mar, 


19, 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


557 


TWENTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY  .—THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  F.— CON. 

Falvey  Timotliy, 

Aug 

19 

'61 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Fallon,  Owen, 

" 

' 

Deserted  June  G,  1863. 

Fallon,  Thomas, 

" 

' 

Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Flasa;.  William, 

" 

May  8,  1862 ;  disability. 

riuddj%  Patrick, 

Feb. 

16, 

'64 

Transferred  to  06th  Infantry  as  Flarity, 

French,  George  H., 

Aug 

•2, 

" 

August  30,  1864:  expiration  of  service. 

Fox,  Charles  J., 

" 

19 

'61 

do 

Gay,  Charles  J., 

" 

' 

Transferred  October  18,  1862,  to  U.  S.  A. 

Hart,  John, 

" 

May  7,  1S62 ;  dis.ability. 

Hines,  William, 

Feb. 

22, 

'64 

Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Kelley,  William  F,, 

Aug. 

19,' 

'61 

August  2,  1864,  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

King,  James  L., 

January  1,  1862;  disability. 

McCuo,  John, 

a 

January  2,  1864,  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

McLeon,  William, 

a 

Died  November  18,  1861,  Ann.apolis. 

Morse.  Charles  H., 

" 

4, 

'62 

August  30, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Moran,  Charles, 

" 

19, 

'61 

May  8, 1862;  disability. 

Muzzey,  Charles  C, 

(C 

January  1, 1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Nangle,  John, 

" 

December  19,  1862;  disability  as  Nagle. 

Parker,  George  C, 

" 

Quartermaster  Sergeant  June  6,  1862. 

Parker,  John  K., 

" 

August  30,  1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Phillips,  Emerson, 

" 

Died  July  4,  1863;  Vicksburg. 

Potter,  Francis  C, 

" 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Potter,  Otis, 

11 

21, 

'62 

Died  August  23,  1864,  City  Point,  Va. 

Rice,  Nathan, 

If 

4, 

" 

March  2,  1863 ;  disability. 

Rutter,  Albert, 

" 

19. 

'61 

Disability. 

Salisbury,  John, 

" 

April  15,  1863;  disability  as  Edgar. 

Scott,  G.  E., 

'' 

Transferred  October  22,  1862,  to  U.  S.  Cav. 

Shea,  Joseph, 

" 

January  1,  1862 ;  disability. 

Simmons,  Charles  E., 

" 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Slater,  James, 

" 

Died  November  26.  1862.  Washington. 

Waters,  Levi, 

" 

January  2. 1864,  Transferred  to  3i3th  Infantry. 

Whalan,  Rich.ard, 

'• 

2 

'62 

August  30, 1864;  expiration  of  semce. 

Wright,  Albert  R., 

*' 

19^ 

'61 

Deserted. 

COMPANY  G. 

John  L.  Cook,  M., 

July 

19, 

'61 

Principal  Musician. 

Donovan,  Timothy, 

Nov. 

fi. 

" 

January  2, 1864;  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Fay,  Patrick, 

Mar. 

29, 

'64 

Missing  since  June  7.  1864. 

Libby,  Leander  W., 

Aug. 

23, 

'61 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Oliver,  Charles  S., 

*' 

* 

September  1,  1861 ;  disability. 

COMPANY  H. 

Barton,  Austin, 

" 

5, 

" 

Died  of  wounds,  March  18, 1862;  Newbern. 

Bishop,  Charles. 

" 

' 

September  21,  1861 ;  disability. 

Goodress,  Thomas, 

Jan. 

2, 

'64 

Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Putnam,  Marcus  M., 

Aug. 

23, 

'61 

December  S,  1862;  disability. 

Williams,  George  0., 

^' 

' 

October  30, 1861;           '• 

COMPANY  I. 

Atwood,  Lewis  P., 

Nov. 

6, 

'61 

January  1,  1864;  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry, 

Buzzell,  Reuben, 

Aug. 

19, 

" 

Mays,  1862;  dis.ability. 

Clapp,  W.  Warren, 

Nov. 

6, 

" 

May  28,  1863;  order  Secretary  of  War. 

Laurey,  David  L., 

Aug. 

26, 

" 

Disability. 

McEvery.  Thomas, 

" 

' 

January  2. 1864;  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Spencer,  Lucien  W., 

" 

19, 

" 

August  30,  1S64;  expir.ation  of  service. 

Stone,  Melville  C, 

" 

» 

"      16,  1863;  disability. 

Wells,  John, 

" 

' 

Killed  September  1,  1862,  Chantilly. 

COMPANY  K. 

Alfred  A.  Rider,  8., 

July 

19, 

«' 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Claneey,  James, 

" 

January  1,  1804;  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Ellis,  Willis. 

" 

' 

December  19.  1862;  disability. 

Harper.  Henry  M., 

" 

' 

January  1,  1864;  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

Henry,  William  A., 

Aug. 

19, 

" 

March  3.  1863:  disability. 

Martinol.  Patrick, 

July 

19, 

" 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  uf  service. 

Powers,  Nicholas, 

' 

November  1.  1862;  disability. 

Winn,  Thomas, 

' 

January  2, 1864;  Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 

558 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


TWENTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INF^iNTRY.-THREE  YEARS.-Contoued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Aug.    2,  '62 
Nov.   10,  '04 

Jan.    12,  " 
Mar.  11,  " 
Nov.  16,  " 
Aug.    2,  '02 

Remarks. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Conner,  Michael, 
Hopkin.s,  John, 
McMaiius,  Larkin, 
Taft,  John  B., 
Walker,  John, 
Williams,  Joseph, 
Williams,  Stephen  S., 

Transferred  to  36th  Infantry. 
January  17, 1864;  rejected  recruit. 

February  22, 186.3;  dis.ahilitv. 

TWENTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


William  Heywood, 
Joseph  R.  Loring, 

Oct. 

5, 

^'61 

Band. 

COMPANY  A. 

Kerin,  James, 

Sept. 

2, 

" 

Transferred  October  26, 1864,  to  32d  Infantry. 

COMPANY  D. 

Edwin  W.  Alden,  C., 
Wingate,  Mai-vin, 

;; 

6, 

(( 

November  22,  1862;  disability. 
Deserted  June  6,  1863. 

COMPANY  F. 

Kane,  Timothy, 

Aug. 

28, 

'61 

Transferred  October  26, 1864,  to  32d  Infantry. 

COMPANY  G. 

Murphy,  John, 

" 

27, 

« 

'(                      K             a                         (( 

COMPANY  K. 

Darby,  John  W., 
Everett,  Richard, 
Twiss,  George, 

July 
Sept. 
July 

11, 

6, 
11, 

'01 
'03 

February  12, 1864 ;  disability. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Kelly,  Frank, 
Melntire,  Hugh, 

Sept. 
June 

1, 

30, 

'64 

Deserted  September  9,  1863. 
Transferred  to  32d  Infantry. 

TWENTY-THIRD  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


John  Stuai-t, 

Wm.  C.  Whitteraore, 

Melville  Wood, 

COMPANY  E. 
Hadley,  Henry  H., 

COMPANY  G. 

Quinlan,  Thomas, 


Oct. 

8, 

'61 

July 

21, 

'02 

Jan. 

4, 

'65 

Band.— Discharged  August  30,  1862,  by  War  Dept. 

a  «  a  ((  <( 

Deserted  June  20, 1863. 

June  25, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 


TWENTY-FOURTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

John  O.  Aldrieh,  S., 
Roland  E.  Neli',  S., 
Burroughs,  Jona'n  C.,  C. 
Brown,  James  S., 
Casey,  Patrick, 
Clark,  John  II., 
Collins,  John, 
Cummings,  Alonzo, 
Harrington,  John, 
Knight,  Benj.^min  W., 
Maning.  William  C, 
Matlier.^on,  Samuel  W., 
Riley,  Micliael, 
Rivers.  Edward, 
Sargent,  Ephraim  H., 
Siegars,  Gilbert  E., 


Deo. 

8, 

'03 

Sept. 

29, 

" 

Dec. 

Nov. 

S. 
25, 

J, 

J)ee. 

5, 

STov. 

2S, 

Sept. 

7, 

'61 

Nov. 

19, 

'63 

Oct. 

14, 

Tan. 

12, 

'64 

Dec. 

12, 

'63 

Nov. 

25, 

'• 

Dec. 

15, 

7, 

n 

Jan. 

4, 

'64 

Deserted  December  28,  1865. 

January  20.  1860 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Deserted  December  28,  1865. 

January    20,    1866:    expiration    of    service. 
'■  "  do 

Deserted  December  18,  1865. 

January  20,  1866 ;  expiration  of  service. 

July  22,  1863;  dis.abilitj'. 

January    20,     1866;     expiration    of    service. 
"■  •'  do 

"  '■  do 

Transferred  March  7,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Deserted  December  16,  1805. 

January  20. 1866;  expiration  of  service. 

August' 26,  1865;  disability. 

January  18j  1866 ;        " 


THE     ROLL     OF    HONOR.  55p 

TWENTY-FOURTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  A.— CON. 

Stearns,  Ezra  J., 
Walker,  Silas  L., 
Weston,  Chester  H., 

COMPANY  D. 

James  C.  Eastman,  C., 
Wright,  Charies  L., 

COMPANY  G. 

Bordan,  Charles, 
Knox,  Henry  F., 
Skinner,  John  H., 
Verona,  Francis  L., 


Date  of 

Muster. 

Dec. 
Jan. 

7, '63 
9,  " 
5, '64 

Sept. 

2,  " 
7, '61 

Dec. 

2. '63 

Jan. 
Oct. 

5,  '64 
20,  '63 1 

Remarks. 


Decemher  5. 1865 ;  disability. 
January    20,    1866;    expiration  of    service. 
"  do 


do 
do 


"  do 

July  20, 1865 ;  disability. 
January  20.  1866 ;  expiration  of  service. 
20',  '63|  Transferred  February  21, 1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 


TWENTY-FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Jonathan  H.  Sampson, 

BAND. 

Daniel  C.  Gates, 
Otis  H.  Knight, 
George  M.  Newhall, 
James  Stewart, 
Samuel  W.  Tyler, 
George  H.  Wilson, 

COMPANY  A. 

Samuel  C.  T.  Ahorn,  S., 
Samuel  H.  Putnam,  S., 
Frank  L.  R.  Coes,  S., 
Welcome  W.  Sprague,  S 
Walter  S.  Bugbee,  C, 
Horace  E.  Brooks,  C., 
Jerome  H,  Fuller,  C.. 
John  W.  Hartshorn,  C, 
Henry  M.  Ide,  C, 
John  A.  Thompson,  C., 
Jubal  H.  Haven,  M,, 
George  F.  Robinson,  M. 
Edward  P.  Il.all.  W., 
Bartlctt,  Charles  S., 
Bigelow,  David  B., 
Bigelow,  George  W., 
Billings.  Hiram  H.  H., 
Bolster.  Moses  I,.,  jr.. 
Brown,  Albert  N., 
Brown,  Moses  P., 
Bugbee,  Walter  S., 
Bullock,  Sylvanus, 
Burt,  Dani'cl  W.. 
Curtis,  George  E., 
Dresser,  Samuel  8., 
Driden,  Horace  W., 
Elwell,  Lewis  J., 
Fairbanks,  Elbridge  G., 
Foley,  Timothy, 
Forbes,  Charles. 
Fuller,  Jerome  H., 
George,  ^liidrew  L., 
Gouldiug,  Henry,  2d, 
Green,  Benjamin  C, 
Greenwood,  Francis, 
Hall,  Edward  P., 
Henry,  Ch:irlcs, 
Heywood,  Reuben, 
Holnian,  Cyrus  W., 
Holman,  William  E., 
Hutchins,  Cyrus  L., 


Sept.  26,  '61 


"  14, 
Tan.  19, 
Sept.  26. 
12. 
Jan.  19, 
Sept,  16, 
Jan.  19, 
Sept.  16, 
14, 
11, 
19, 
Jan.  19, 

Sept.  10, 
19, 

Oct.  1, 
Sept.  13, 
19, 
16. 
Apr.  1, 
Sept.  16, 
July  19, 
Oct.  1, 
Sept.  14, 
July  21. 
Sept.  16, 


Prin.  Musician;  Dis.  Aug.  30, 1862,  ordei-  War  Dept, 


August   30,    1862;  order   War   Department, 
"               •'  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

"  "  do 

«  "  do 


October  20, 1864 ;  expiration  of  service 

Sergeant  Major,  August  1,  1864. 

February  20,  1864;  disability. 

March  16,  1863;  " 

June  29,  1865 ;  order  War  Department 

January  6,  1863;  disability. 

Died  October  26,  1864,  Florence,  S.  C. 

October  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service, 

June  10,  1863;  disability. 

December  6, 1861 ;  disability. 

August  30,  1802. 

July    13,    1865  ;    expiration 


Jan. 

Sept. 


Feb. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

July 

Oct. 

Sept. 


October  20, 1864; 


of    service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Died  October  2, 1864,  Newhern. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

October  20,  1804;  expiration  of  service. 

Janu;iry  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

March  30,  1864. 

l!o-enlisted,    July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  January  1.  1862.  Hatteras,  N.  C. 

February  15,  1864;  disability. 

October'20.  1804;  expiration  of  service. 

January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

July  13, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

"  '•  do 

January  18,  1864;  to  re-enlist. 
October  20.  1864:  expiration  of  service. 
Killed  May  6,  1864.  Proctor's  Creek,  Va. 
Died  September  11,  1864,  Richmond. 
I  October  "20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 
Disability. 

June  17.1865;  expiration  of  service. 
;October20, 1864;  do 

Re-enlisted.    Killed  May  12,  1864,  Va. 
lApril  2, 1864;  promotion. 


26o  WORCESTER     IN    THE    WAR. 

TWENTY- FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  A. — CON. 

Knowlton,  Charles  H., 
Kjios.  Walter  D., 
Lindsay,  Ira. 
Lion,  William  L., 
Maniiina:.  Lloyd  G., 
Merrill,^Daniel  M.  G., 
Merrill.  George  E., 
Metealf.  Chauncey  L., 
Mill]  roe,  Charles  H., 
Parsons,  Orrin, 
Pike,  Eli, 
Reed,  Henry  W., 
Richards,  Walter  H., 
Rohy.  Charles  D., 
Robinson,  George  P., 
Savage,  John  B., 
Simonds,  Eliiah, 
Smith,  Charles, 
Smith,  Paris, 
Stearns,  Amos  E., 
Thompson,  Joseph  H., 
Upham.  Chester  O., 
Ward,  Timothy  M., 
Whitcomh,  Alonzo  D., 
White,  James, 
White,  Frederick  A., 
Wright,  John, 

COMPANY  B. 

John  A.  McGaffey,  M., 
Childs.  Charles  W., 
McFarlaiid.  Charles  A., 
McGafi'ev,  John  A., 
Wilder,  William  O., 

COMPANY  C. 

Edwin  A.  Moody,  S., 
Warren  C.  Hardy,  C., 
Lj'man  F.  Hooker,  C., 
Andrew  J.  Huze,  C, 
John  R.  Hill.  M., 
Atkinson,  Sidney  J., 
Ball,  Charicjs  E., 
Brownhill.  Charles, 
Chaifee.  John, 
Fisher,  Charles, 
Fitzpatrick,  Michael, 
Franklin.  Edward  A., 
Hardy.  Warren  C., 
Haverstock.  James, 
Howard.  John, 
Jones,  Samuel  P., 
Kirwin.  James, 
Madden,  John, 
Marcy,  Hosea  J. 
May.Edward  F., 
Mckinstrey,  James  A., 
McKay,  Silas  H., 
Meister,  Gustave  A., 
Murphy,  Jacob, 
Putnam,  Clarendon  W., 
Stratton,  Cyprian  P., 
Wardwell,  William  H., 

COMPANY  D. 

Orlando  Ilodgkins,  S., 
Andrew  M.  Austin,  S., 
William  G.  Grout,  C, 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Sept. 
Dec. 
Mar. 
Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 


Oct. 
Sspt. 


Feb. 
Sept. 


July 
Sept. 


Jan. 
Sept. 


14,  '61 
2.  'G: 
11, '64 
19,  '61 
16,  '• 
16,  " 
16,  " 

14,  " 
12.  " 

15,  " 
14,  '■ 

16,  " 
19,  " 

8, '65 
14,  '61 
12,  " 
14.  " 

16,  " 

17,  " 
11,  " 
19,  '62 
19,  '61 

16,  " 
9, '64 
10,  '61 

18,  " 


Remarks. 


Re-enlisted.     October  25,  1864;  disability. 

May  17.1865;  disability. 

Died  of  wounds,  June  3, 1864,  Cold  Harbor. 

August  30,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

January  18,  1864.  to  re-enllst. 

Deserted  September  18. 1862. 

October    20,    1864;    expiration    of    service. 
"  "  do 

"  "  do 

•July  13, 1865 ;  do 

Died  of  wounds,  March  15, 1862,  Newbern, 

Transferred  September  11,  1863,  to  signal  corps. 

January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

July  13.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

January  IS,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Died  March  1,  1864,  Richmond. 

September  15. 1863;  disability. 

March  2-^,  1863;  " 

19.     '•  " 

Prisoner  May  16. 1864,  to  end  of  service. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

January  30,  1S63;  disability. 

January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted.    June  19, 1865 ;  disability. 

Died  of  wounds,  June  23,  1S64,  New  York. 

October  20.  1864;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

January  18, 1864,  to  re-enlist. 


Jan.    19,  '64 
"       6,  '• 
"       5,  " 

July    23,  '62 
15,  " 


July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  of  wounds,  June  3, 1864,  Cold  Harbor. 

Killed  June  19,  1864;  Petersburg. 

.January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted.    July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 


Oct. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Sept. 
Mar; 

Oct. 


Sept. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Oct. 

Dec. 
Oct. 
Mar. 
July 
Feb. 
cpt. 
July 


'61  October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

'63iDied  November  24, 1864,  Newbern. 

'61jDeecmber  17,  1863,  to  re-enlist. 

'63;Diccl  of  wounds,  Juno  23, 1864;  Alexandria. 

'6^ October  20. 1S64;  expiration  of  service. 

'64|Mis.<ing  since  June  3,  1864. 

'61  Re-enlisted.    August  17,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Transferred  June  12, 1863,  to  Co.  A,  51st  Infantry. 

December  17, 1SG3,  to  re-enlist. 

July  13. 1865;  expiration  of  Bcrvice. 

Killed  June  3,  1865,  Cold  Harbor. 

October  20, 1S64;  expiration  of  sen-ice, 

December  17, 1863,  to  re-enlist. 

November  19,  1863 ;  disability. 

Re-enlisted.    Died  October  24, 1864,  Newbern. 

May 6,  1863;  dis.ibility. 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Junes,  1865;  do 

October  20, 1864;  do 

Died  March  12,  1863,  Newbern. 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

lie-enlisted.    Killed  June  25, 1864,  Petersburg. 

July  13. 1865;  expiration  of  eer\-ice. 

June  23,  1863;  disability. 

November  7,  1S65 ;  disability. 

Re-enlisted.    June  21, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  December  14, 1862,  Newbern. 


Dec.  18,  '63  Missing  since  June  3,  1864. 

"       July  18, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
Sept.  27,  '611  March  12,  1863;  disability. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  ^^I 

TWENTY-FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continled. 


Date  of 

Names. 

Mu 

stei 

COMPANY  ».— CON. 

Charles  A.  McGaffey,  C, 

Dec. 

18. 

'C3 

Charles  F.  Winn,  C. 

" 

' 

William  H.  Wood.  C, 

Oct. 

2, 

'61 

Charles  A.  Mann,  M., 

" 

7 

•' 

AUlen,  Benjamin  F.  R., 

Sept. 

27', 

" 

Alexander,  William  R., 

" 

' 

Barbour,  Isaac  R.,  jr., 

" 

' 

Barnard,  Virgil  G., 

July 

24. 

'62 

Brinhall,  Alvin, 

Oct. 

14, 

'61 

Brigham,  Augustus  A., 

" 

' 

Burlingame,  Samuel, 

Mar. 

13, 

'62 

Chapman,  William  R., 

May 

20. 

" 

Donovan,  Larry, 

Sept. 

29. 

'64 

Eames,  Levi  L., 

" 

27, 

'61 

Galooly,  John, 

a 

6, 

'64 

George,  Obadiah, 

Oct. 

29, 

•' 

Johnson,  Charles  N., 

Feb. 

29, 

" 

Johnson,  Lewis, 

Oct. 

2.3. 

" 

Knight,  Otis  H., 

Dec. 

29. 

'63 

Lanil),  John  M., 

Sept. 

27, 

'61 

Lamb,  OtisH., 

July 

31, 

'62 

Laughna,  Terrence, 

Oct. 

10, 

'64 

Libby,  George  H., 

11, 

'61 

McGaffey,  Charles  A., 

Sept. 

30, 

" 

Murphy,  Cornelius, 

27, 

" 

Onimette,  Camille  L., 

" 

' 

Osmer,  Albert  C, 

Oct. 

16, 

" 

Palmer,  Samuel, 

Sept. 

27, 

" 

Park,  William  M., 

" 

Roby,  Edwin  A., 

" 

' 

Rice,  Peter, 

a 

' 

Simonds,  James  M., 

Oct. 

14, 

" 

Squier,  Whitman  O., 

Sept. 

27, 

'< 

Stone,  Edgar  A.. 

Oct. 

12, 

'' 

Thayer,  Benjamin,  D., 

Sept. 

27, 

'61 

Tourtellotte."  Joseph  N., 

Oct. 

14, 

" 

Winn,  Charles  F., 

Sept. 

27, 

" 

Wood,  Charles  F., 

July 

26, 

'62 

COMPANY  E. 

Patrick  Curran,  8., 

Sept. 

10, 

'61 

Patrick  McHugh,  S., 

Dec. 

18, 

'63 

James  McIIannan,  S., 

Oct. 

7. 

'61 

Thomas  J.  McKeon,  S., 

Dec. 

18. 

'63 

John  Cottey.  C, 

Sept. 

10, 

'61 

Edward  B."lIouston,  C, 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

John  Lloyd,  C, 

Sept. 

20, 

'61 

Daniel  McCrea,  C, 

" 

15, 

" 

Patrick  McDonough,  C, 

Dec. 

2, 

'63 

Patrick  McIIugh,  C, 

Oct. 

12, 

'61 

Thomas  J,  McKeon,  C, 

Sept. 

10, 

'• 

Nicholas  Mooney.  C., 

Oct. 

4, 

" 

Jeremiah  O'Conner,  C, 

Sept. 

10, 

Alfred  Piper.  C, 

Jan. 

3, 

'64 

George  W.  Dixon,  M., 

Sept. 

19, 

'61 

William  R.  Tabor,  M., 

" 

30, 

" 

Allen.  Joseph  M., 

" 

18, 

" 

Brady,  Peter, 

Oct, 

2, 

>' 

Bresnihan,  Michael, 

Sept. 

14, 

'• 

Brown,  Joseph, 

" 

10, 

" 

Burke,  John. 

Oct. 

9. 

" 

Burke,  Patrick, 

Dec. 

14, 

'63 

Byrnes,  Philip, 

Oct. 

22, 

'61 

Couavan,  Daniel, 

June 

2, 

'62 

Carson,  Roljcrt, 

Jan. 

3, 

'64 

Carson,  William, 

" 

19, 

" 

Connors.  Cornelius, 

Oct. 

7, 

'61 

Connell,  Michael, 

Sept 

13, 

" 

Remarks 


July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"  "  do 

September  20.  1862 :  disability. 
October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13.  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
Killed  May  16,  1864,  Drury's  Blufl". 
May  25.  1863,  for  promotion. 
December  31,  1863;  disability. 
June  17,  "  " 

April  8,  "  " 

October  20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Missing  since  June  3,  1865. 
July  13.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  August  19.  1864.  City  Point,  Va. 
June  29, 1866 ;  order  War  Department. 
July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
June  10,      "  do 

July  13,      "  do 

Died  June  23,  1864,  Andersonville. 
September  23,  1863;  disability. 
October  20.  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
.July  1.3, 1865;  do 

Re-enlisted.    July  13. 1865;  expiration  of  service. 
December  17, 1863,  to  re-enlist. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

"  Died  of  w'nds,  June  7,  '64,  Ft.  Monroe. 

October  20,  1864;  expir.ation  of  service. 
March  12.  1863 ;  disability. 
October  20.  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

>'  "  "  do 

March  4.  1863 ;  disability, 
October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Re-enlisted  December  17.  1863.    Died  July  21,  1864. 
Re-enlisted.     Died  of  wounds.  July  1.  1864. 
Transferred  May  4,  1862,  to  23d  Infantry. 
December  17,  1863,  to  re-enlist. 
October  20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 


January  30, 1863 ;  disability. 

June  1,1865;  " 

Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  of  wounds  June  27.  1864.  Petersburg. 

Re-enlisted.    July  20,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

.July  13,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

October  20.  1864;  do 

Died  October  4,  1862,  Newbem. 

•     August  31,  1804,  Andersonville. 
December  17,  1863,  to  re-enlist. 

October  19,  1864;  disability. 

Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865 ;  expiration  of  sen-ice. 

Died  August  6,  1864.  Andersonville. 

May  18.  1802;  disability. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

August  28, 1862;  disability. 

Missing  since  June  3.  1864. 

Killed  February  8, 1862.  Roanoke  Island. 

Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

•'  June  29,    "  do 

Died  of  wounds  May  15.  1854,  Petersburg. 
Re-enlisted.    Deserted  April  7,  1865. 

"  Missing  since  June  3,  1864. 

Died  November  24,  1864.  Florence. 
July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 
October  20, 1864;  do 

August  23, 1864;  disability. 


36 


562  WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 

TWENTY-FIFTH  REGmENT  INEANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  E. — CON. 

Conljn,  Patrick, 

Corliss,  Patrick, 

Cronin,  .Tolin, 

Cronin,  Patrick, 

Cuddv.  Patrick, 

Cufl',  Brian. 

Daloy.  Jolm. 

Daniels,  Richard  H., 

Doherty,  James. 

Donlan,  Edward, 

Donahue,  Michael, 

Empcy,  Robert, 

Falvcy.  Patrick, 

Farrell,  John, 

Finegan.  Patrick, 

Foley,  Thomas, 

Gardner.  David, 

Green,  John, 

Gunigle,  James. 

Hagerty,  Patrick, 

Henrithy,  Terrence, 

Hickoy,  Peter, 

Houston,  Edward  B., 

Jameson.  John, 

Kirby,  Daniel, 

Lamij,  Patrick. 

Lanorgan,  James, 

Laverfy,  Oliver  P., 
Leonard,  Martin, 

Masterson,  John, 
McCann,  Ross, 
McCann,  Felix, 
MeCue,  Martin, 
McDonontrli,  Patrick, 
McDevitt.  William, 
McKenna,  Ambrose, 
McLaughlin,  John  H., 
Mc^fahon,  Michael. 
McTiernan.  James, 
Morrissey,  William, 
Murphy.' Patrick, 
MuUoy.  James, 
Nugent,  Nicholas, 
O'Boyle,  Thomas, 
O'Conncll,  Dennis, 
O'Connor,  James, 
O'Niel,  Arthur, 
O'Neil.  John, 
O'SuUivan,  John, 
Phealon,  Richard, 
Piper,  Alfred, 
Rattigan.  John, 
Riley.  Bernard  E., 
Riley,  James, 
Roach.  Michael, 
Ryan.  John, 
vSmith  Ephraim, 
Smith,  Francis, 
Bweency,  Edward, 
Tole,  Patrick, 
Ward,  Napoleon, 

COMPANY  F. 

Gill,  Frankhn, 
Pollard,  Howard, 
Seavcr,  Alexander  H., 
Pmith,  Moses, 
Warren,  Marshall  E., 


Date  of 

Muster. 


,'61 

'64 
'61 


Sept.  16 

Aug.  25, 
Oct.      7 

Jan.  5. 
Sept.  19 
May  14. 
Aug.  1. 
Sept.  10,  '61 


Oct. 
July  22, 
Sept.  10, 
Oct.  9, 
Sept.  10, 
Mar.  16, 
Oct.  3, 
Feb.  16, 
Oct.  11, 
Sept.  19, 
Oct.  12, 
Sept.  10, 
30, 
June  3, 
Mar.  8, 
Sept.  17, 
Feb.  5, 
Mar.  11, 
Sept.  10, 
Oct.  16, 
Sept.  19, 
Jan.  4, 
Sept.  10, 
July  28, 
Oct.      3, 


Mar.  9, 
Oct.  3. 
Dec.  2, 
Sept.  18, 
May  22, 
Sept.  10, 
Oct.  2, 
Jan.  5, 
Dec.  8, 
Sept.  27, 
22, 
Dec.  17, 
Sept.  10. 
Jan.  2, 
Sept.  14, 
10, 
Feb.  10, 
July  22, 
June  23, 
Mar.  21, 
Sept.  16, 
18, 
15, 
10, 
Jan.  19, 
Sept.  10, 


Remarks. 


Re-enlisted.    Died  March  7,  1865,  Baltimore. 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Ro-enlistcd.    July  13, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

April  18,  1862;  dishonorably. 

Missing  since  June  3,  1864. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  September  9,  1862,  Newbem. 

Missing  since  May  16,  1864. 

February  19, 1863;  disability. 

Re-enlisted.    Killed  May  19,  1864,  Petersburg. 

"  August  1,  1865 ;  disability. 

"  Died  July  18, 1864,  Andersonville. 

December  9,  1863 ;  disability. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
June  29,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
May  21,  1863;  disability. 
Died  September  12.  1S64,  Ajidersonville. 
Deserted  June  16,  1862. 

April  7,      " 
Re-enlisted.    June  26,  1865;  disability. 

"  July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Lauuary  18,  1864,  to  re-enli.st. 
July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  November  5.  1864,  Florence. 
May  20,  1865 ;  disability. 
July  14,  1862;        " 
Sept.  6, 1862;         " 
Deserted  April  7,  1862. 
March  30,  1865 ;  disability. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"  '•     28,    '•  do 

December  1, 1863.  to  re-enlist. 
Re-enhstcd.    Died  July  31. 1864;  Andersonville. 
July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  ser^'ice, 
January  18. 1S64.  to  re-enlist. 
Killed  June  3,  1864.  Cold  Harbor. 
August  22,  1862;  disability. 
March  3.  1863 ;  '• 

Re-enlisted  December  1,  1863. 
"  I  "         July  13.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

'64  July  13.  1865  ;  expiration  of  service. 
'63  Killed  June  3,  1864.  Cold  Harbor. 


July  24,  '62 

"      21.  " 
\ug.     7,  '62 
July  21,  " 
'•^  15;  " 


Re-enlisted.    Killed  June  3,  1864.  Cold  Harbor. 

January  13,  1802;  disability. 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

January  6.  1S62 ;  disability. 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  sen'ice. 

Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

January  2.  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  sen'ice. 

Re-enlisted.    July  13.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

July  13, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Re-enlisted.    Died  April  1,  1865,  Newbem. 

"  Killed  May  9,  1864,  Petersburg. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Deserted  August  6.  1862. 
July  13,  1865:  expiration  of  service. 
October  20, 1864; 


October  20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
October    20,    1864;    expiration    of    senice. 

"  "  do 

«  "  do 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  ^6^ 

TWENTY-FIFTH  REGIMENT  IKEANTRT.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY   G. 

Gotfricd  Krcis,  8., 
Lansford  13.  Haskins,  C, 
Frank  F.  Knapp,  C., 
Cbai-lcs  W.  Wilson,  C, 
John  1Im:is,  M., 
Allen,  .T(.sephP., 
Bubsor,  .losL'pli, 
Couglilin,  Michael, 
Elliott,  George  S., 
Erhardt,  .Toseph, 
Gaiituer,  Eugene, 
Gleason.  S.amuel, 
Greer,  John  D., 
Hass,  Carl, 
Hogan,  Tat  rick, 
Jacoby,  Fred, 
Jones,  William, 
Koalch,  Richard, 
Mahan,  John, 
Maple,  Maxun, 
Maybaum,  Carl, 
Mclntire,  William, 
Orfall,  Joseph, 
Skink,  Frederick  F., 
Tainter.  David, 
Ward.  Hiram  F., 
Werner,  George, 
Weyer,  Rudolph, 

COMPANY  H. 

Thomas  Gleason,  S., 
Robert  S.  Crane,  S., 
Albert  F.  Bartlett,  C, 
George  A.  Bixby,  C., 
Francis  Bridges,  C., 
Willard  Cheney,  jr.,  C, 
Albert  S.  Thompson,  M., 
Joseph  Johnson,  W., 
Brancroft.  Edwin  W., 
Bannister,  Heiirj'  M., 
Bartlett,  Alfred  F., 
Barnard,  Edward  L., 
Battell,  George  S., 
Bixby,  George  A., 
Burnham,  Charles  L., 
Clements,  Walter  8., 
Coffin.  George  A., 
Crane,  Robert  8., 
Curtis,  Charles  F., 
Estey,  James  R., 
Fernald,  Henry  W., 
Fisher,  Charles  F., 
Forbes.  Moses  8., 
Gates,  Frederick  L., 
Hall,  Samuel  T., 
Hill,  Lyman  E., 
Hudson.  William, 
Kent,  George  E., 
Lamed.  George  C, 
Lawrence.  Edward  P., 
Lewis.  Reuben  L., 
McKnight,  Gilbert  L., 
Morge,''Rnfus  E., 
Noyes,  Leroy  I)., 
Perkins,  William, 
Potter,  Ferdinand  M.. 
Rockwood.  Edward  P., 
Rice,  Charles  L., 


Sept.  12, 
July  18, 
Oct.  1, 
■  31, 
2, 

May  26, 
Sept.  14. 
Nov.  20, 
June  3. 
Sept.  10, 
18, 


Oct. 


16. 

2.5. 
1. 

Feb.  29, 
Sept.  14, 
Feb.  24, 
Apr.  1, 
Sept.  20, 
Jan.  3, 
Sept.  2.5, 
July  29, 
Oct.  5. 
June  28. 
Oct.    22. 

9> 

2. 
23, 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


Sept. 
Jan. 


Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 
Oct. 

Sept. 
July 
Sept. 

July 
Sept. 


June 

Sept. 


Oct. 
Sept. 


Apr. 
Sept. 
July 
Sept. 


October  20.  1S64;  expiration  of  service. 

May  25.  1865 ;  dis.ability. 

Died  1864,  Newburyport. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

May  8, 1863 ;  disability. 

October  20, 1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

June  12,  1865;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

•March  18,1863;  disability. 

October  20. 1804 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Killed  Feb.  8,  1862,  Roanoke  Island. 

Re-enlisted.    Killed  June  3,  1864.  Cold  Harbor. 

Killed  Mav  6,  1SG4,  Drury's  Bluff. 

May  6,  1863:  disability. 

Died  July  20,  1864,  Andersonville. 

October  20.  1864 ;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

TuIvlO.  1865;  " 

Transferred  Feb.  28,  1SG3,  to  3d  New  York  Artillery. 

Re-enlisted.    Died  July  29,  1864,  Fortress  Monroe. 

July  13,  1805:  expiration  of  service. 

August  12.  1862 ;  disability. 

Ke-eullsted.    Died  Nov.  16, 1864,  Millen,  Ga. 

Died  August  24, 1803,  Newbern, 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

September  19,  1862;  disability. 

Died  August  24.  1863,  Newbern. 
October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 


61  October  20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 
'64  July  13,  1805;  " 

Missing  since  May  16, 1864. 
61  January  2,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

'•       18,     " 
'61  May  1,  1862,  for  incompetency. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

January  14,  1863 ;  disability. 

January  2,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 
'62  Died  December  3,  1862,  Newbern. 
'61  November  28,  1862;  disability. 

January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 
'62  Re-enlisted.    July  21,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
'61  Re-enlisted.        '•    13,     "  " 

Died  December  24,  1863,  Newbern. 

January  18,  1864.  to  re-enlist. 

Re-enli"stcd.    Died  December  29,  1864,  Newbern. 

Died  January  1,  1863,  Newbern. 

January  18.  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted.     Killed  June  3,  1864,  Cold  Harbor. 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
'62  Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expir.ation  of  service. 
'61  "  Drowned  Aj)r.  24,  '65.  Transport  Mars. 

October  20, 1864:  expiration  of  service. 

Died  August  7,  1862,  Newbern. 

Died  October  10.  ••  " 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

TransferredJanuary  1. 1863,  to  51st  Infantry. 

Missing  since  June's,  1864. 

October  20.  1864;  expiration  of  service. 
'62  November  19.  1863;  dis.ibility. 
'61  Died  December  24, 1861.  Annapolis. 
'62,  Re-enlisted.    July  13.  1865  ;  expiration  of  service. 
'6l| Re-enlisted.    July  17,1865:  disability. 
"I  "  DiedOctoberlO,  1864,  Charleston. 


564  WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 

TWENTY-FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY   H.— CON. 

gmith.  F'raiik,  L., 

Sept 

20, 

'61 

January  2,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Ward,  Samuel  W., 

Apr. 

1, 

'62 

October  20.  1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Webber,  Christ'r  W.  L., 

Sept 

24. 

'61 

April  9,  1S62;  disability. 

Wellington,  Frank  W., 

16, 

'• 

October  20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  I. 

Francis  Freeman,  W., 

Oct. 

11, 

•' 

October  16,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Conner,  William  B., 

Sept 

6, 

'• 

March  30,  1863.  for'wounds. 

Loverly,  Frank, 

July 

24, 

'62 

Died  September  10,  1864,  rebel  prison. 

Pond.  Lowell, 

Oct. 

2, 

'61 

October  30, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  K. 

Robert  T.  Chapman,  S., 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

Died  Oct.  1.  1864.  Charleston. 

Luke  T.  Drury,  8., 

Dec. 

18, 

'63 

February  3,  1865;  disability. 

Nathan  B.  Drury,  S., 

Sept 

16, 

'61 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Luke  T.  Drury,  C., 

' 

Re-enlisted. 

Edwin  C.  Abbott,  C, 

" 

' 

July     13,     1865  :       expiration     of    service. 

Theodore  Barber,  C, 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

"                                    do 

Guilford  C.  BlaisdelL  C 

' 

"                                     do 

Warren  0.  CoUester,  C, 

Dec. 

18, 

'63 

Killed  May  9,  1864,  Petersburg. 

Charles  E.  Jelly,  C, 

" 

' 

Missing  since  May  16, 1864. 

John  E.  Lewis,  C, 

" 

* 

Killed  June  3,  1864,  Cold  Harbor. 

Samuel  Thurston,  C, 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

"      May  16,  1864,  Drury's  Bluff. 

Benjamii)  F.  Ware,  C., 

" 

3, 

'• 

July  25,  1865. 

Henry  A.  Sanders,  M., 

Sept. 

17, 

" 

M.ay  31,  1862;  dis.ability. 

Joshua  R.  Parmenter,  W., 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

July  22,  1865;  expir.ation  of  service. 

Abbott,  Edwin  C, 

Sept. 

16, 

'61 

December  17,  1863.  to  re-enlist. 

Adams,  John  Q., 

" 

18. 

'« 

Died  October  6, 1864,  Newbern. 

Barnes,  Gardner  F., 

" 

' 

Rc-enlistcd.    Died  May  26. 1864,  Richmond. 

Barber,  Theodore, 

" 

21. 

" 

January  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Bellows.  Henry  H., 

" 

' 

Blaisdell.  G.  C'., 

" 

< 

Re-enlisted. 

Ohapm:in,  Robert  T., 

" 

16, 

'' 

" 

Coftin,  Edmund, 

21, 

'• 

May  9,  1862;  disabihty. 

Collins,  Cornelius  F., 

'' 

20, 

Januarv  IS,  1804,  to  re-enlist. 

Collister,  Warren  O., 

" 

' 

Re-enlisted  December  17,  1863. 

Demond.  Chauncey  P., 

Dec. 

2, 

'63 

Died  of  wounds  July  10, 1S64,  Worcester. 

Dennis,  John  C., 

Sept. 

16, 

'61 

April  7.  1863;  disability. 

Devereaus,  John  H., 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

Died  of  wounds  July  22.  1864,  Petersburg 

Drury,  Nathan  B., 

Sept. 

16, 

'61 

Re-enlisted.    December  17,  1863. 

Eaton,  Joseph, 

20, 

" 

"             Killed  May  16,  1864.  Drury's  Bluff. 

Edwards,  Albert  W., 

" 

' 

"             July  13,  186.5;  expiration  of  service. 

Edwards.  Stanley  W., 

Apr. 

16, 

'62 

"             Died  Feb.  9,  1865.  Florence. 

Edwards.  William  H., 

Sept. 

20, 

'61 

Transferred  May  18,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Gates,  Theodore  N., 

Nov. 

1, 

" 

Disability. 

Hall.  Charles  S., 

Sept. 

20, 

" 

February  14,  1863;  dis.ibility. 

Houghton,  James  B., 

" 

16, 

" 

April  24, 

Jelly,  Charles  E., 

" 

21, 

•' 

December  17,  1863,  to  re-enlist. 

Latiian,  William, 

" 

Re-enlisted.     Ditd  September  24,  1864,  rebel  prison. 

Lewis.  John  E., 

" 

16, 

" 

December  16.  1863.  to  re-enlist. 

Marny,  George  P., 

'' 

21, 

'' 

Re-enlisted.     July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Maynard,  Sylvestor  C, 

" 

"                "        "                                  " 

Wills,  Benjamin  F., 

" 

IT, 

" 

October  20, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Miller,  Beniamin, 

" 

21, 

'' 

Re-enlist&d.     Killed  May  16,  1864,  Drury's  Bluff. 

Murdock,  William  E., 

" 

17, 

" 

January  2,  1864.  to  re-enlist. 

Padclford,  John  M.  W., 

" 

16, 

'• 

October  20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Parmenter,  Cyrus  T., 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

July  13.  1805;  expiration  of  semce. 

Perry,  John, 

Sept 

17, 

'61 

Died  Charleston. 

Poland,  Charles  A., 

'• 

21, 

" 

Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Pratt,  Albert  W., 

Jan. 

19, 

'64 

July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

I'ratt,  Edwin  F., 

Dec. 

18, 

'63 

"         "                                " 

Preston,  [^amuel  H., 

Jan. 

19. 

'fi4!March2, 1865;  disability. 

I'ushee,  Sidney  A., 

Sept 

21. 

■61|May  23.  1863; 

Richardson,  Solomon, 

July 

26, 

'62'(_)ctober20,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Shaw,  Andrew. 

Feb. 

27. 

'64  Died  August  24. 1S04.  Andersonville. 

Sherman,  Edward  M.. 

June 

18. 

'62|Mavl.  1863;  disability. 

Sibley.  Frank  S., 

Sept 

21, 

'6]!Marchl4,  1864;     " 

Smith,  Benjamin  F., 

' 

November  28, 1862 ;  disability 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


56: 


TWENTY-FITTn  REGIMENT  ESTANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Nainos, 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  K.— CON. 

Spooner,  Horatio  B., 

Sept.  16,  '61 

October  20.  1864 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Sylvestnr,  Johu  S., 

"     21,  " 

January  3, 1862;  disability. 

Thurston,  Samuel, 

"         " 

"        18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

Ware,  Beniamin  F., 

U                 <i 

2,     " 

"Webber,  George  W., 

"          " 

Transferred  April  24, 1863,  to  2d  Cav. 

Windle,  Thomas, 

July    22,  '62 

Re-enlisted.    July  13,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Witherbee,  Edwhi  T., 

Sept.  21,  '61 

"            July  29, 1865,  order  War  Department, 

UNASSIGNED  KECRUITS. 

Benchley.  Albert, 

Aug.  27,  '62 

Broderick.  Michael, 

July  29,  " 

Conovan,  Daniel, 

Jan.      5,  '64 

Chambers.  Hiram  E., 

Aug.    9,  '62 

Connor,  Michael, 

July  28,  •' 

Cummings,  James  B., 

Apr.    5,  " 

Daley,  Thomas, 

May    14,  " 

Gaynor,  Thomas  H., 

Mar.   23,  '65 

Grady,  Dennis, 

July    24,  '62 

Green,  Henry, 

May    19,  " 

Hogan,  .John, 

Feb.    12,  '64 

February  23, 1864;  rejected  recruit. 

Little,  William, 

July    23,  '62 

Mansfield,  Wm.  M., 

Apr.     1,  " 

McRea,  Anthony, 

Sept.  17,  " 

Minier.  Barney, 

Feb.      8,  '65 

June  10.  1865. 

Molloy,  Matthew, 

June    7,  '■ 

Disability. 

Reason,  Martin  W., 

July  24,  " 

Rice,  Nathaniel  P., 

Aug.    4,  " 

Schmidt,  Charles, 

"       7;  " 

Thayer,  Charles  A., 

July   28,  " 

December  1,  1862;  rejected  recruit. 

Walton,  Henry  K., 

Apr.     1,  " 

Walker,  John, 

Mar.  11,  '64 

TWENTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  INTANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  B. 

Henry  M.  Green.  C, 

Sept. 

2, 

'61 

September  23,  1863,  promotion. 

COMPANY  D. 

Lazelle,  Nathan  E., 

Aug. 

31, 

" 

April  12,  1862;  disability. 

COMPANY  E. 

John  A.  Brown,  C., 

Sept. 

2 

" 

December  31,  1863,  to  re-enlist. 

COMPANY  I. 

Smith.  William. 

« 

14. 

u 

Re-enlisted.    Deserted  May  11 

1864. 

TWENTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  H. 

Lowell.  William  J., 
Stevens,  Amasa  W., 

Aug. 

15.  '62 

Re-enlisted.    June  15. 1865,  order  War  Department. 
March  13,  1863;  disability. 

COMPANY  I. 

William  A.  Nye,  S., 

Oct. 

9,  '61 

October  9,  1862;  disability. 

COMPANY  K. 

William  Roberts,  C, 

Sept. 

20,  " 

February  22, 1864;  disability. 

TWENTY-EIGHTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Allen,  .John  D., 
Hurd.  William, 
Sullivan,  David  O., 


Aug.    7, '63 
July   20,  '64 


December  31.  1864;  disability. 

.Tune  21,  1865  ;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

Died  of  wounds,  April  26, 1865,  Washington. 


566 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


TWENTY-EIGHTH  REGIMENT  INFANTEY,— THREE  YEARS.-Continded. 


Names. 


COMPANY  C. 
Dennis,  Hcalj-,  S., 
Dwyer.  Edmund, 
Guilbridge,  John, 

COMPANY  D. 

Robert  F.  Louder,  C, 
Burke.  Richard, 
Davis.  Francis  N., 
Dodge,  Josiah, 
Dowd,  Timothy, 

COMPANY  E. 

Conway,  James, 

COMPANY  H. 

Patrick  Brazzell,  8., 
Cornelius  B.  Sullivan,  8.; 
Samuel  Young,  8., 
Thomas  Carroll,  C, 
James  Sweeney,  C., 
Boyle,  James, 
Carr,  Michael, 
Casey,  Patrick, 
Dolan,  Michael, 
Flynn,  James, 
Hackett,  Thomas, 
Hickey,  James, 
Holden,  James, 
McKenna. 
O'Donnell.  William, 
Schofleld.  William  H., 
Sullivan,  Cornelius  B., 
Sullivan,  Patrick, 

ONASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Avery,  William, 
Robie,  John  W., 


Date  of 

Muster. 


July  25,  '64 
Feb.  7,  '6.' 
July    20,  '64 


Dec.    13,  '61 


July   30,  '64 
Aug.     3,  '62 


Dec.    13,  '61 


Remarks. 


Dec. 
Feb. 
Dec. 


Jan. 
Dec. 


Jan. 
Dec. 


13,  '61 
19.  '64 
13,  61 


3, 
13.  '61 


3,  '62 
30, '61 
13, 
30, 
13. 


Jan.      3,  '62 


July   22,  '64 


June  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 


December  8,  1862;  disability. 

Sept.  20,  1863 ;  disability. 

January  1,  1S62;        " 

June  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Re-enlisted.    June  30, 1805;  expiration  of  service. 


January  6, 1863;  disability. 


June  30, 1865;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

August,  27,  1802;  disability. 

Killed  December  13,  1862;  Fredericksburg. 

Died  March  13, 1864,  Richmond. 

October  1,  1862;  disability. 

December  29.  1862;     '• 

19,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

May  23,  1863;  disability. 
Died  August  22,  1863.  Annapolis. 
February  27,  1863;  disabiUty. 
Died  of  wounds  January  IS,  1863. 
Transferred  July  1,  1863,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Killed  December  13, 1802,  Fredericksburg. 
Missing  since  August  10, 1862. 
February  18,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 


TWENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 
Brady,  Michael  A., 

COMPANY  B. 

Moore,  John  G., 

COMPANY  C. 
Clarence  R.  Merriam,  C, 
Austin.  Jeremiah, 
Hazen,  Edward, 
Weiss,  George, 

COMPANY  D. 
Hamly,  James. 
McLaughlin,  James, 
Wigglesworth,  Eli, 

COMPANY  E. 
Klinkler.  William, 
Meier,  Herman, 
Sargent,  Ilezekiah  8., 

COMPANY  H. 

Dood}-,  William, 
Dwyer,  Jeremiah, 


May    21,  '61 
Aug.     2,  '64 


Aug.  17,  '64 

"  5,  " 
"  10,  " 
"      15,  " 


July   22, 

Aug.  19, 

"      24, 


January  1,  1864,  to  re-enlist. 

July  29,  1S65 ;  expiration  of  service. 


June  10,  1865; 


do 
do 
do 
do 


17,  " 
3,  " 


10,  " 
3,  " 


July  29,  1865;  expiration  of  service;  absent  sick. 
June  2,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
July  29,     "  do 


Killed  March  5,  1865,  Ptersburg. 
July  29,  18G5;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  of  wounds  January  2,  1865. 


July  29,  1865 ;  expiration  of  eervice. 
"  do 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  567 

TWENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARB.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  I. 

Franz  Sales,  C., 
Diiismore,  Andrew, 
Hilly,  Michael, 
Murphy,  Daniel, 
Dohert'y,  James, 
Greiirier,  Michael, 
Labonno,  David, 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Aug.  17,  '64 

Jan.  24,  '64 
Aug.     6,  '64 

"  17,  " 

Aug.  26,  '64 

"  16,  " 

"  29,   '■ 


Remarks. 


September  6.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
February  19.  186.3:  dis.ability. 
April  i!8,  186.5,  order  War  Department. 
August  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Deserted  to  the  enemy.  February  15, 1865. 
July  29,  1865;  exiiiratiou  of  service. 


THIRTIETH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Callihan,  Michael, 

Sept. 

23, '61 

May  16,  1864;  disability. 

Carpenter,  Charles, 

24,  •• 

December  9,  1862,  disability. 

Cunningham,  .lames, 

" 

23,  " 

October  17,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Hacker,  Maurice, 

Oct. 

4,  '• 

Re-eulistcd.    July  5,  1866;  expiration  of  service. 

Hart.  James, 

Sept. 

23,  " 

October  17,  1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Meagher,  Luke, 

" 

24,  " 

do 

Raptyre,  Timothy, 

Oct. 

4,  " 

July  1,  1864;  disability. 

THIRTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.-THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY   B. 

Doyle,  James, 

COMPANY  E. 

Charles  II.  Williams,  S., 
Young  Henry, 

COMPANY  F. 

Pratt,  "William, 

COMPANY  G. 

Jacob  P.  Cutting,  C, 
Baldwin.  Edward, 
Barton,  Henry, 
Dailey,  Daniel, 

COMPANY   H. 

Charles  A.  Johnson.  C, 
Corno's  McGillicuddy,  C, 
Egan,  James, 
Lakin,  Ansel, 

COMPANY  K. 

Edward  C  Capron,  S., 
Hall.  Frank, 


4,  '64  September  9,  1865;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  A. 


"  "  do 

Balled  April  4, 1864,  Sabine  Cross  Roads,  La. 


Re-enlisted.    Sept.  9, 1865 :  exp'ion  of  serv.  in  Co.  D. 


July  17.  1862;  disability. 
November  27,  1862;  disability. 
August  11,  •'  '' 

Transferred  April  20,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 


Died  October  7,  1863,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
February  23.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Deserted  February  20,  1802, 
Transferred  March  30, 1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 


15,  '64  Deserted  September  7,  1864, 

22,  '65  May  6,  1865.  order  War  Department. 


THIRTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.-THREE  YEARS. 


COMP.\NY  B. 

John  P.  Penhallow,  C. 
Betts,  Charles,  R., 
Ham,  Henry  A., 
Howard,  Martin, 
Lawison,  Hans. 
Martain,  l.udovio, 
Schoen,  Frederick, 
Cutting,  Jo.seph  E., 
Duprey,  Peter, 

COMPANY  D. 

Eaton,  Charles, 
Lange,  Joseph, 

COMPANY  E. 
Nelson,  John, 


Tan. 

2, 

'65 

Inly 

24, 
27, 

'63 

Nov. 

30, 

'61 

Dec. 

15 

64 

July 

24, 
25, 

'63 

Feb. 

8, 

'64 

Sept. 

7, 

" 

July 

11, 

18, 

25, 

'63 

" 

Tuly  13, 1.S65,  order  War  Department. 

Tune  29,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Tune  27, 1866,  order  War  Department. 

November  27, 1864;  expiration  of  service. 

Tune  29.  1865;  exp'ion  of  service;  absent  wounded 

Tuly  18,  1865;  order  War  Department 

June  29,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"  do 

June  12,  1865 ;  order  War  Department. 


June  24,     "  do 

29,    "        expiration  of  service. 


expiration  of  service ;  absent  sick. 


568  WORCESTER    IN    THE    WAR. 

THIRTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


Datu  of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY  F. 

Lamb,  John  Q., 

COMPANY  G. 

Shaw,  George  W.,  jr., 
Tobiu,  John, 

COMPANY  n. 

Leach,  Edward  C, 

COMPANY  1. 

Bangs,  William  W., 
Fincke,  John, 

COMPANY  K. 

Morrell,  Robert  W., 

COMPANY  L. 

Morrell,  David  W., 

COMPANY  M. 

Everett,  Richard, 
Mclntire,  Hugh, 
Murphy,  Jolin, 

L'NASSIGNED  EECRDITS. 
Knox,  James  C, 


Feb.  27,  '62 

July  13,  '63 

Oct.  22, 

July  18, 

"  13, 

"  2-1, 

"  11,  • 

"  25, 


Sept.    6, 
June  30, 

Aug.  29, 


Jan.      2,  '65 


October  18,  1862;  disability. 


.June  29, 1865 :  expiration  of  service ;  absent  sick. 
Missing  May  12,  1864. 


■Tune  29, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 


Died  City  Point,  Va. 

Juno  29,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service ;  absent  sick. 


"      8,    "        order  War  Department. 
"    22,    "  do 


'     29,    "        disability. 
'         "  expiration  of  service. 

Transferred  March  28,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 


May  6,  1865,  rejected  recruit. 


THIRTY-THIRD  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  U. 

Jason  M.  Gorham,  C., 
Clailey.  John, 

BNAi5BIGNED  RECRUITS. 

McCoy,  William, 


Dec.     7,  '63 
Feb.    18,  '65 

June  24.  '64 


Transferred  Junel,  1865,  to  2d  Infantry. 
"  -^  do 


THIRTY-FOURTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

James  11.  Baldwin,  C 
Goorsfo  E.  Warren,  C, 
Jolnrn.  Bartlett,  M., 
Josei^h  Bolls,  W., 
Albee,  Edwin, 
Blodgctt,  Tiba.  A., 
Burbank,  Charles  W., 
Carey,  Patrick, 
Chase,  Olncy  B., 
Dee,  William, 
Doner,  Edward, 
Jameson,  Horatio  C, 
Minshan,  Timothy, 
Morton,  John, 
Morse,  Joseph  P., 
Robbins,  Ezra  L., 
Stone,  Edward  A., 
Webber,  Sylvester, 

COMPANY    n. 

Charles  W.  Pool,  M., 
Toole,  Michael, 

COMPANY  C. 

Cooley,  William  E., 
Johnson,  George  T., 
Kennedy.  Thomas  P., 
Matherson,  Samuel  M., 


July   31, 


Dec. 

29, 

'63 

July 

31, 

'02 

Nov. 

10, 

'63 

Aug. 
June 

15, 
22 

'02 

July 
June 

31, 

22 

u 

July 

31. 

17, 

July 

31, 

'62 

June 

00 

'02 

Aug. 

1, 

'■ 

July 
Jan. 

13, 

5, 

'64 

Julv 

24, 

'02 

Dec. 

12 

'63 

March  28,  1865. 

June    16,     1865  ;     expiration 


of 
do 
do 
do 


Died  August  29,  1864,  Andersonvillii. 
Missing  August  15,  1864. 
Died  of  wounds.  May  5,  1865,  Washington. 
June  16, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

do 
Deserted  June  20, 1863. 
March  28,  1804;  iiromotion. 
Killed  June  5,  1864,  Piedmont,  Va. 
Died  August  11, 1804,  Andersonville. 
'June  16, 1805 ;  expiration  of  service. 
March  27, 1865 ;  disability. 
Transferred  February  16,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Deserted  September  10, 1862. 


June  16,  1S65;  expiration  of  service, 
do 


Deserted  July  28,  1802. 

Died  Jainiary  4, 1865,  Annapolis. 

Deserted. 

Transferred  March  11, 1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  569 

THIRTY-FOURTH  REGQIENT  ENTANTRT.— THREE  YEARS  —Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 

Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  c  — CON. 

Pierce,  Edwin  W., 

Jan. 

5, 

'64 

Died  of  wounds  December  26,  1864,  Winchester,  Va. 

Piper.  Joliii, 

Aug 

15, 

'62 

Transferred  February  15,  1864.  to  V.  R.  C. 

Walker,  Silas  N., 

Deo. 

9, 

'63 

"           June  14,  1865.  to  24th  Infantry. 

Welch,  James  W., 

Jan. 

4, 

'64 

Died  November  17,  1864,  Florence. 

Whitcomb,  Charles  B., 

July 

31, 

-•62 

May  27,  1863;  disability. 

COMPANY  E. 

Albert  J.  Rugar,  8., 

" 

' 

June  16. 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

William  F.  Green,  C, 

July 

13. 

'62 

do 

Alexander  Corvel,  M., 

"         "                            do 

Frank  C., Seymour,  W., 

<' 

• 

"         "                            do 

Angell,  George  H., 

Sept 

30, 

'63 

Transferred  February  11,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Galen,  Francis, 

July 

13, 

'62 

Deserted  February  2.  1863. 

Gardner,  Henry, 

' 

Transferred  February  14, 1864  to  V.  R.  C. 

Garrity.  James  W., 

" 

31, 

" 

Deserted  March  7,  1863. 

N"eff,  Roland  E., 

Sept 

30, 

'63 

Transferred  June  4.  1865,  to  24th  Infantry. 

Parker,  Robert  D., 

Dec. 

21, 

" 

February  10,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Pierce.  Arba, 

July 

31, 

'62 

Deserted  November  1, 1862. 

Pratt,  John  A., 

Jan. 

15, 

'64 

Transferred  February  18, 1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 

COMPANY  F. 

Bent,  John  E., 

July 

31, 

'62 

June  16,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Calligan,  Robert. 

Aug. 

4, 

'• 

October  10,  1863;  dishonorably. 

Freeman,  Ernest  F., 

Dec. 

2, 

'63 

March  11,  1805;  disability. 

Harrington,  John, 

Sept. 

16.' 

Transferred  June  14,  1865,  to  24th  Infantry 

Hines.  John, 

Nov. 

19, 

" 

Killed  September  19,  1864,  Winchester,  Va. 

Mahoney,  Daniel  B., 

Aug. 

4, 

'62 

October,  10,  1862;  disability. 

COMPANY  G. 

Ballou,  William  A., 

July 

12, 

'63 

Expiration  of  service. 

Bemis,  William  B., 

28, 

'62 

Wounded  and  prisoner. 

Carroll,  .Tohn, 

Aug. 

t>, 

'' 

Deserted. 

Flanley.  David, 

2, 

" 

Died  Harper's  Ferry. 

Lewis,  John  A., 

July 

18. 

'' 

'•                '• 

Mclver,  David  H., 

24; 

'• 

Wounded.  Piedmont. 

Varona,  Francis  L., 

Oct. 

20, 

'63 

Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 

COMPANY  H. 

William  E.  Walker,  8., 

July 

16, 

'62 

Promoted. 

Frank  C.  Kinnicutt,  S., 

18, 

" 

Order  War  Department. 

Robert  B.  Sinclair,  8., 

June 

8, 

" 

Sickness. 

William  K.Morse,  M., 

July 

22. 

" 

Adams,  Benjamin, 

Nov. 

12. 

'63 

Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 

Flanley,  Francis  F., 

Oct. 

19, 

•' 

Wounded. 

Fox.  Arthur  L., 

Jan. 

25, 

'64 

Killed,  Piedmont. 

Harding,  William  F., 

Nov. 

12, 

'63 

Transferred  to  24th  Infantry. 

Howard.  George  E., 

June 

23, 

'62 

Expiration  of  service. 

Smith,  Woodbury  E., 

July 

21, 

Promoted. 

Weld,  George  F., 

24, 

" 

Wounded,  Harper's  Ferry. 

COMPANY   I. 

Albert  C.  Spear.  8., 

July 

31, 

'62 

June  16.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Joseph  W.  Webber,  8., 

Killed  September  19,  1864.  Winchester,  Va. 

Azur  W.  Barlow,  8., 

" 

' 

June  16.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

George  H.  Gilbert,  C, 

" 

< 

Died  of  wounds  May  4. 1865,  Hampton,  Va. 

Barlow.  Edwin  W., 

" 

' 

Killed  July  18.  1864.  Island  Ford,  Va. 

Bliss,  Charles  H., 

" 

' 

December  26.  1862;  disability. 

Boyle.  Daniel, 

" 

' 

Died  December  11.  1864.  Dan\nlle,  Va. 

Barr,  Pliny  F., 

" 

< 

June  15,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Casey,  Ephriam  C, 

" 

' 

do 

Caswell.  Almon  R., 

" 

' 

"                             do 

Farley,  John, 

" 

July  19,  1865 ;  dishonorably. 

Gilbert,  Ilai-vey, 

" 

' 

Killed  June  5,  1864,  Piedmont,  Va. 

Holmes,  D.  Bradford, 

" 

13, 

" 

July  28,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Howard.  William  A., 

" 

31, 

" 

Transferred  February  8, 1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

McClusky,  John 

" 

May  18,  1863;  disability. 

Moore,  Edwiu  H., 

June 

22 

" 

June  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Moran,  George, 

li 

31^ 

" 

Died  July  30, 1864,  Sandy  Hook,  Md. 

570 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


THIRTY-FOURTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Rem.arks. 

COMPANY   I.— CON. 

Murdcll.  James, 

July 

31, 

'62 

June  16,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Ncedham,  John  A., 

" 

Killed  October  13,  1804,  Stickney's  Farm,  Va. 

Pratt,  James  N.. 

" 

May,  7,  1863;  disability. 

Ross,  Henry  L., 

" 

Transferred  February  15.  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Smith,  David  A., 

" 

June  16,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Rpear,  Daniel  C, 

" 

Transferred  February  18,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

St.  Peter,  Samuel, 

" 

Deserted  August  10,  1SG2. 

Stewart.  Albert  M., 

" 

Killed  May  15,  1864,  New  Market,  Va. 

Stowe,  Harvey  D., 

" 

Killed  April  2.  1865,  Petersburg. 

Trnesdcll,  Harvey  E., 

" 

Died  March  7,  1864,  Harper's  Ferry. 

Washburn,  Alfred  D., 

" 

Died  July  4,  1864,  Martinsburg. 

Wolcott,  Abner, 

" 

May  29,  1865;  disability. 

Wright,  Franklin  T., 

" 

August  12,  1863;     " 

COMPANY   K. 

Burgess.  Edwin  D., 

Dec. 

31, 

'63 

Killed  May  15,  1864.  New  Market,  Va. 

Skinner,  John  H., 

Jan. 

5, 

'64 

Transferred  June  14,  1S65.  to  24th  Infanti-y. 

Wilson,  Charles  H. 

Nov. 

28. 

'63 

May  22,  1865,  order  War  Department. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Fay,  Eugene  L., 

Jan. 

5, 

'64 

January  19,  1864,  rejected  recruit. 

Lewis,  George  C, 

" 

' 

u       24,     " 

King,  Benjamin, 

" 

4. 

" 

"        16,     "                    " 

Ward,  Thomas, 

a 

"J 

" 

December  28,  1864;  disability. 

Wheeler,  George  R., 

Nov. 

11, 

'63 

Returned  November  28,  1863,  to  Navy  as  deserter. 

THIRTY-SrSTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


John  Gardner. 

COMPANY  A. 
Marshall,  James  A., 

COMPANY  C. 

A.  Fernando  Bailey,  S. , 
Fred'k  W.  Briggs,  S. 
John  W.  Bacon,  B., 
Charles  H.  Boswoll,  S., 
George  E.  Freeman,  S., 
Alonzo  S.  Putnam, 
Israel  Ward.  S., 
Elliot  R.  Blake,  C, 
George  F.  Bowles,  C, 
Walter  Clissold.C, 
Fred'k  L.  Fisk.  C, 
Fanning  S.  Merritt,  C, 
George  II.^Mills,  C, 
Henry  H.  Rice,  C, 
Charles  W.  Wood,  C, 
Ezra  Blanchard.  M., 
Harrison  A.  Bennett,  W. 
Adams,  George  T., 
Allen,  Horace  N., 
Bangs,  Edward  P., 
Bassett.  George  E., 
Bixby,  Jacob  W., 
Blake,  George  P., 
Boswell,  James  S., 
Bottonily,  Charles  S., 
Bradley,  Thomas  H., 
Brown,  Archibald  L., 
Brooks,  Lewis  M., 
Bruso,  Joseph.  Jr., 
Butterwcrth ,  Jonathan, 
Buxton,  Joseph, 
Carpenter,  Edward  N., 
Chajnbers,  Hiram  E., 


July   15.  '62  Principal  Musician. 


Aug.  15, 


Aug.  14, 
"  4 
"  14 
"      11 


December  8,  1862. 


Killed  M.ay  12,  1864,  Spottsylvania. 

November  7,  1864. ;  disability. 

June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Died  February  15,  1864,  Belle  Isle,  Richmond. 

Killed  May  12,  1864  Spottsylvania. 

Transferred  March  13,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

-Junes,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

'•       •'  do 

"       "  do 

Transferred  January  9,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  sej%-ice. 
Killed  May  12, 1864,  Spottsylvania. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  wounds,  June  1, 1864.  Washington. 
June  8. 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"        ''  do 

do 
Transferred  M.arch  16, 1804,  to  V.  R.  C. 

to  V.  R.  C. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

•'        "  do 

'•        '>  do  absent  wounded. 

Januarv  8,  1864;  disabilitv. 
Died  July  19,  1803,  Millda'le,  Miss. 
June  12,  1805,  order  War  Department. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  seiTice. 

'•        "  do 

Died  September  3.  1863,  Cincinnati. 
June  8, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

'•        "  do 

■•        "  do 

"        "  do 

Died  August  9, 1863.  Cairo,  111. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  57 1 

THIRTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  HSTFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— CONTINUED. 


Names. 


Date  of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY  C— CON. 

Converse,  Merrick  B., 
Connor,  Thomas, 
Curtis,  Eben  T., 
Cutting,  William  A., 
Daniels,  Myron  M., 
Davis,  Luke  K., 
Dixon,  Dwight  J., 


COMPANY  r. 

Howe,  Siimuel  G., 

COMPANY  G. 
Henry  G.  Patrick,  C, 
John  Gardner,  M., 
Coughlin,  Francis, 
Vibert,  Hiram, 


Aug.  15,  '62 


5,  " 


Duckwoi-th,  Franklin, 

"      11,  " 

Fuller.  Barnard, 

■'       4,  " 

Gates,  Frederick  S., 

"       5,  " 

Gleason,  Levi  L., 

"      15,  " 

Hodgkius,  Daniel, 

"     14,  " 

Humphreys,  Henry  H., 

"      12,  " 

Hyde,  Charles, 

'•       8,  " 

Kelly,  Frank  S., 

"     13,  " 

Ladd,  Lyman  8., 

u      12,  " 

Lawrence,  William, 

"      27,  " 

Locke,  Thomas  W., 

"       4,  " 

Logee,  Stephen  F., 

"      15,  " 

Loriug.  Charles  F. 

"       4,  " 

Lovell,  Henrj'. 

"      13,  " 

Loughlin,  Michael, 

"      15,  " 

Marshall  Emanuel  R., 

"        8,  " 

Merritt,  Jesse  8., 

"       4,  " 

Miller.  Riley  A., 

"      12,  '■ 

Miner  Edward  M., 

"     13,  " 

Noyes,  Charles  F., 

"     15,  " 

Nye,  Frederick, 

"         " 

Olin,  William  N., 

"      14,  " 

Parker,  Charles  W., 

"   s; " 

Park,  Daniel  H.. 

"   4, " 

PL-listed  William  A., 

"     14,  " 

Rawson,  George  A.. 

"     20,  " 

Rawson.  Joseph  D-, 

"        4,  " 

Rawson,  Lewis  N., 

"     14,  " 

Reynolds,  Lucius  A., 

il               u 

Robinson,  Clark, 

"          " 

Ruth,  Frederick, 

"     15,  " 

Searles,  Edwin, 

"      14.  " 

Smith,  Israel  H., 

"      12,  " 

Smith,  William  A., 

'•      11,  " 

Stevens,  Henry  C., 

"      11,  " 

Stowe,  George  W., 

"      15,  " 

Stone,  Marshall, 

"        9,  " 

Taynton,  Charles  H., 

"      13,  " 

Thompson,  .John  A., 

'■      11,  " 

Towne,  Charles  E., 

Feb.    29,  '04 

Twichell,  Hartwell  C, 

Aug.  11,  '62 

Ward,  Hiram  G. 

8,  " 

Wedge,  Joseph  H., 

"      12,  '■ 

Whipple  Albert  H., 

"         " 

Whitcomb,  Calvin  M., 

4,  " 

COMPANY  E. 

Boyden,  David, 

"       2,  " 

Gilbert,  Charles  L., 

a           11 

Lathrop,  Walter  D., 

u            a 

Whitney,  William  F., 

4i               U 

12, 


Oct,     14,  '64 

Aug.  15,  '62 

"      10,  " 

"       4,  " 


Died  October  14,  1864. 
.June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
February,  4,  1863 ;  disability. 
.Junes.  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 
Transferred  January  1,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Died  April  12.  1864. 
Transferred  March  4, 1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 
June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  November  17,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 
May  25.  1865,  ord«r  War  Department. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

"        "  do 

February  2,  1864;  disability. 
Died  May  S,  1864. 
.January  4.  1863 ;  disability. 
June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
-July  16,  1863;  disability. 
Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 
November,  27,  1853;  disability 
June  8, 1865;  expiration  of  service'. 
Killed  M.ay  12.  1864,  Spottsylvania. 
May  11,  1864;  disability. 
April  29.  1863;     " 

June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
Deserted  October  27,  1862. 
June  8, 1865 ;  expiration  of  sei-vice ;  absent  sick. 

"  expiration  of  service. 

"  do 

Died  September  4,  1863 ;  Cincinnati. 
Died  May  13,  1864;  Anderson ville. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  to  V.  R.  C. 

"  January  15,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 

June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  .July  7, 1S64;  Andersonville. 
Died  of  wounds,  .July  30,  1864;  Washington. 
Died  August  7.  1864;  Andersonville. 
June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

9,     ''      order  War  Department. 
Died  September  27,  1863,  Nicholasville. 
June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
May  5,  1864;  disability. 

"  11,     "  '■ 

.June  8.  1865;  expiration  of  service,  absent  sick. 
Transferred  January  15,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Transferred  June  8,  1865,  to  18th  Infantry. 
Died  August.21. 1864;  Andersonville. 
Deserted  September  24,  1863. 
June  8,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  December  19,  1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 
.June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 


June  8,  1865  ;  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  January  5, 1864,  to  V.  R.  C. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 
"  do 


October  28,  1863;  disability. 


Transferred  June  8,  1865,  to  56th  Infantry. 
June  8,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service  in  Co.  B. 
Deserted  June  9,  1S63. 

"       September  12, 1862. 


572 


WORCESTER     IN     THE     WAR. 


THIRTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— CoNxrauED. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  H. 

John  G.  Bi-ower,  8., 

Jan. 

2,  '64 

Transferred  June  8,  1865,  to  56th  Infantry. 

Goodress,  Thomas, 

" 

'< 

" 

"                     do 

Williams,  Joseph, 

Nov. 

16,  " 

" 

"        "                     do 

COMPANY  I. 

Albert  Patterson,  S., 

Jan. 

2,  '64 

June  9,  1865. 

as  supernumerary. 

Adams,  Charles  B., 

Aug 

8,  '62 

"    8,     " 

exijiration  of  service. 

Bigclow,  Solomon  S., 

'• 

5,  •' 

Died  August 

25, 1863.  Nicholasville. 

Glasgow,  William, 

Jan. 

2. '64 

Transferred  June  8, 1865,  to  56th  Infantry. 

McEvoy,  Thomas, 

■' 

" 

'' 

"       "                   do 

COMPANY  K. 

Peter  Lynch,  S., 

" 

" 

" 

"        "                     do 

Moses  A.  Chamberlain,  C., 

'' 

5,  " 

" 

do 

James  Cluncy,  C, 

" 

2,  " 

" 

"       "                    do 

Corey,  Edward  B., 

Mar. 

20,  '65 

a 

"       «                    do 

Dewing,  Charles  P., 

Aug. 

8,  '62 

Deserted  April  18, 1863. 

Dover,  Pierre  F., 

Mar. 

4, '64 

Transferred  June  8, 1865,  to  56th  Infantry. 

Fallon,  Thomas, 

Jan. 

2,  " 

" 

■'                     do 

Fluddy,  Patrick, 

Feb. 

16,  " 

" 

do 

Harper,  Henry  M., 

Jan. 

2,  " 

Transferred  to  56th  Infantry. 

Hines,  William, 

Fob. 

12,  " 

" 

do 

Hopkins,  John, 

Nov. 

10,  " 

" 

do 

Kelley,  William  F., 

Jan. 

2,  " 

" 

do 

Lanckton,  Timothy  J., 

Mar. 

9,  " 

" 

do 

McCue,  John, 

Jan. 

2,  " 

X 

do 

McManus,  Larkin, 

Nov. 

loi  " 

« 

00 

Morse,  Joseph  E., 

•Jan. 

2    '' 

(1 

do 

Cakes,  Barney, 

Mar. 

9',  " 

<( 

do 

Waters,  Levi, 

Jan. 

2,  " 

" 

do 

THIRTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 

COMPANY  F.  I  I 

Lysander  Chaffln,  W.,       'Aug.  .30, '62|  June  21,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

THIRTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Marteau,  Ladovic, 
Schoen,  Frederick, 

July 

24, 

25, 

'63 

Transferred  June  2, 1865,  to  32d  Infantry. 

"                     "                     do 

COMPANY  B. 
Betts,  Charles  R., 
Ham,  Henry  A., 

24, 

2", 

'.' 

"                    "                    do 
do 

COMPANY  C. 

Gordon,  Orange  S., 
Langc,  Joseph, 
Welch,  Charles, 

u 

14. 
25, 

'62 
'63 

May  24,  1865:  expiration  of  service. 
Transferred  June  2, 1865,  to  32d  Infantry. 
"                    "                    do 

COMPANY  D. 

Nelson,  John, 
Walsh,  Michael, 

;; 

; 

"                    "                    do 
"                   do 

COMPANY  F. 

Shaw,  George  W.,  jr.. 

" 

13, 

" 

"                   "                   do 

COMPANY  G. 

Delany,  Jack  M., 
Leach",  Edward  C., 

Sept 
July 

2, 
18, 

'62 
'63 

Deserted  July  9, 1863. 

Transferred  June  2, 1865.  to  32d  Infantry. 

COMPANY  H. 

Fink,  John, 

(( 

24, 

u 

"                   do 

THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR.  573 

THIRTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Coxtinced. 


Names. 


COMPANY  I. 

Bangs,  William  W., 
Morrill,  Robert  W., 

COMPANY  K. 

Earlo,  Anthony, 
Morrill,  David'W., 


Date  of 
Muster. 


July   13,  '63 
'•      11,  " 


Remarks. 


Transferred  June  2, 1865,  to  32d  Infantry. 
"  "  do 


"      January  5, 1865,  promotion. 
25,  "  iTransferred  June  2,  1865,  to  32d  Infantry. 


FIFTY-FOURTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

George  L.  Bundy,  8., 
Brown,  John, 

Mar. 

30, 

'63 

December  24, 
August     20, 

1863;  disability. 
1865 ;     expiration 

of  service. 

COMPANY  B. 

Borley,  Joseph  E., 
Storz,  William  A., 

July 
Dec. 

11, 

2, 

(f 

a 

u 

do 
do 

COMPANY  D. 

Reed,  Joseph  W., 

« 

3, 

<i 

(1 

IC 

do 

COMPANY  E. 
Samuel  Bell,  C, 
Esau.  Albert  E., 
Lee,  Philip, 

Oct. 
July 

22, 
11, 

1; 

II 

do 
do 
do 

COMPANY  r. 

A.  F.  Hemmenway,  8., 
Ebbits,  William  H.  H., 
Robinson,  Richard, 

Apr. 
July 
Apr. 

23, 
23, 

It 

I 

<l 
<( 

do 
do 
do 

COMPANY   H. 

Johnson,  John  H., 

July 

11, 

Killed  June  1 

1864. 

UNASSIGNED  KECRCITS. 
Rowe,  George  B., 
Torrey,  Henry, 
Toppin.  Elisha, 

Sept. 
Aug. 

3, 

24. 
12, 

'64 

Transferred  to  55th  Infantry, 
do 

'•                       do 

FIFTY-FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  C. 
Rowe,  George  B., 
Torrey,  Henry, 

Sept.    3,  '64 
Aug.  24,  " 

August 

29, 

1865; 

expiration    of 
do 

service. 

COMPANY  H. 

James  P.  Blown,  C, 

Dec.   21,  '63 

" 

' 

do 

COMPANY  I. 
Toppin,  Elisha, 

Aug.  12,  '64 

" 

i( 

do 

COMPANY  K. 
Thompson,  Isaac, 

Feb.     7,  '65 

<( 

II 

do 

FIFTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Moses  A.  Chamberlain,  S., 

Jan. 

5, 

'64 

July  12,  1865; 

expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY  B. 

John  G.  Brewer,  S., 

" 

1, 

a 

11            II 

do 

Goodress,  Thomas, 

" 

'< 

11            11 

do              absent  si 

Hincs,  William, 

Feb. 

22, 

II            11 

expiration  of  service. 

Kelley,  William  F., 

Jan . 

1. 

II           II 

do 

McManus,  Larkin, 

Nov. 

10, 

U                   II 

do 

Oakos,  Barney, 

Mar. 

9, 

«            II 

do 

Waters,  Levi, 

Jan. 

1, 

"    22,    " 

order  War  Department. 

574  WORCESTER     IN    THE     WAR. 

FIFTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Contevued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  C. 

Finneran,  John, 
Glasgow,  William, 

COMPANY   D. 

Douer,  Pierre  F., 
Lanckton,  Timothy, 
Morse,  Joseph  E., 

COMPANY  E. 

Harper,  Henry  M., 
Patrick,  George  H., 

COMPANY  F. 
William  Burse,  C, 
Hopkins,  John, 

COJIPANY  G. 

Fly,  Edward, 
Williams,  Joseph, 

COMPANY  H. 

Clancy,  James, 
Fallan,  Thomas, 
McCue,  John, 
McEvoy,  Thomas, 

COMPANY  I. 

Lynch,  Peter, 
Towne,  Charles  E., 

COMPANY  K. 
Corey,  Edward  B., 
Fluddy.  Patrick, 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Jan.     1,  '64 


Mar.  14,  " 

"        9,  " 

•Tan.     1,  " 


Oct,      4,  " 

Nov.  18,  " 
"     10,  " 


Sept.  24,  " 
Nov.   16,  " 


Jan.     1,  " 


Mar.  17,  " 


20,  '65 
Feb.    16,  '64 


Julj' 12,  1865;  expiration  of  sei*vlce. 
"  "  do 


do 


expiration  of  service,  absent  sick, 
do 


do 


August  7, 1865 ;  order  War  Department. 


July  12, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service, 
"  do 


June  8, 1865,  order  War  Department, 
July  12, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 


do 
do 
do 
do 


do 
do 


do 
do 


FIFTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  A. 

Dexter  C.  Nelson,  S., 

Jan.     4,  '64 

June  6, 1865,  supernumerary. 

Albert  S.  Allen,  S., 

u            u 

"24,    "     order  War  Department. 

Cater,  Silas  N., 

i.              u 

Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 

Davis,  John, 

U               11 

May  16,  1865:  disability. 

Gillin,  Michael, 

"          " 

Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 

Gloucester,  Thomas, 

"          " 

Deserted  August  29,  1864. 

Joslin,  Philemon  C., 

(i               14 

October  15,  1864 ;  disabihty. 

Lawson,  George, 

1(               U 

Deserted  May  6, 1864. 

Lee,  William  S., 

a            a 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service,  absent. 

Maghnie.  Daniel, 

"           " 

Killed  May  12. 1864,  Spottsylvania. 

Maia,  Thomas, 

"            " 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service,  absent. 

Morris,  Michael, 

u            u 

Died  October  16,  1864,  AndersonviUe. 

O'Connor,  Daniel, 

Cl              u 

Missing  May  6,  1864. 

Petty,  Adam, 

"           " 

July  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Porter,  Adolphus, 

"            " 

April  11,  1865;  disability. 

Rice,  William  H., 

"       11,  " 

April  24,  1864;        " 

Kugg,  Charles  H., 

"       4.  " 

Missing  May  6,  1864. 

Smith,  Alfred, 

u           U 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Tappan,  Francis, 

u           n 

Juno  27, 1865,  order  War  Department, 

Teague,  John, 

(I           i( 

'■    15,               "                         •• 

COMPANY  B. 

Samuel  Souther,  S., 

"           " 

Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 

James  B.  Freeman,  8., 

"           " 

Missing   "        " 

Henry  J.  Fuller,  C, 

"           " 

K               (I              U 

John  Midgley,  C, 

"            " 

October  30,  1865 ;  disability. 

Brewer,  Warren  E., 

U                <4 

Juno  14. 1865,  order  War  Department. 

Buckley,  Jerry, 

u           a 

Died  February  8,  1865,  Baltimore. 

Burke,  Thomas, 

"       11,   " 

Killed  May  24,  1864,  N.  Anna  River,  Va. 

Clark,  Robert, 

"            " 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Donahue,  John, 

«       4^  .< 

June  13, 1865,  order  War  Department. 

THE    ROLL    OF    HONOR.  575 

FrFTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  ESTFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  B.— CON. 

Fleming,  Michael, 

Jan. 

4, '64 

July  30,  1865 :  expiration  of  service. 

Hooley,  Daniel, 

" 

Died  Auguk  10,  1864,  David's  Is.  N.  Y.  Harbor. 

Hood,  George  F., 

" 

Died  July  2.  1S64,  Annapolis. 

Inman,  George  J., 

" 

11,  " 

July  30,  i865 ;  expiration  of  service,  absent  eick. 

Killy,  Martin, 

'' 

•' 

Missing  July,  30.  1864. 

Leai-y,  John, 

'• 

4,  " 

Died  June  17,  1864,  Petersburg. 

Lyons,  Patrick, 

" 

" 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Marat,  Michael, 

" 

" 

May  11,  1865,  order  War  Department. 

Moore,  Lewis, 

" 

" 

Killed  May  6,  1864. 

Murray,  John, 

" 

'' 

July  30,  1865 ;  exj)iration  of  service. 

Newton,  Charles  H., 

" 

11,  " 

''             "                          do 

O'Connor,  James, 

" 

4,  " 

June  29,  1864,  rejected  recruit. 

Peirce,  Royal  S., 

" 

" 

July  .30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Roland,  Lewis, 

" 

11,  " 

Deserted  March  1,  1864. 

Sawyer,  Warren  W., 

If 

4,  " 

December  21, 1864:  disability. 

Swan,  James  S., 

" 

" 

Deserted  February  24,  1864. 

Tobey,  John  G., 

" 

a 

October  15,  1364 ;  disability. 

Ward,  Peter, 

" 

" 

July  30,  1S65 ;  expir.ation  of  service. 

Waters,  Hugh, 

" 

^* 

June  29,  1864,  rejected  recruit. 

COMPANY  C. 

Conway,  Edward, 

April   6,  " 

July  30, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Ellis,  Albert  F., 

" 

" 

"          "         order  War  Department. 

Kelly,  Michael, 

Feb. 

18,  " 

''          "         expiration  of  service. 

COMPANY   D. 

Franklin  Boyden,  M., 

Jan. 

25,  " 

Deserted  April  25,  1864. 

Charles  F.  Everett,  M., 

" 

" 

Wounded  May  6, 1864,  supposed  dead. 

Martin  McMahon,  M., 

Aug. 

29,  " 

June  16,  186.5,  order  War  Department. 

Bates,  Charles  A., 

Feb. 

IS,  " 

March  18,  1865 ;  disability. 

Hudson,  George  N., 

Jan. 

25,  " 

July  20,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Parker,  Warren  C, 

" 

" 

"                            do 

COMPANY  E. 

Henry  Arnold,  C, 

" 

•' 

Deserted  November  29,  1864. 

James  Sullivan,  M., 

<' 

" 

July  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Pike.  Charles  P., 

Feb. 

18,  -' 

July  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service,  absent  sick. 

Ring,  Benjamin, 

Jan. 

25,  " 

June  29,  1864;  disability. 

Sullivan,  Cornelius, 

" 

" 

Deserted  April  17,  1864. 

COMPANY  F. 

Bachant.  Joseph, 

Feb. 

18,  " 

July  10, 1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

Sullivan,  John, 

" 

^^ 

do 

COMPANY  G. 

Henry  E.  Hutchins,  8., 

Mar. 

10,  " 

"           «                          do 

Alfred  M.  Allen,  C, 

" 

4,  " 

<'                         do 

Bullard,  Charles, 

" 

10,  " 

"           .".                         do 

Davenport,  Elisha  C., 

" 

Killed  May  6,  1864.  Wilderness. 

Fleming.  John, 

July  3,  1865,  order  War  Department. 

Frelick,  Charles  W., 

Died  of  wounds,  June  27,  1864,  Washington. 

Monahan,  Daniel, 

" 

Deserted  April  3,  1864. 

Moulton.  Austin  N., 

" 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Patterson,  James  W., 

April    6,  " 

August  8,  1865,  order  War  Department. 

Sargent,  Simon  B., 

Mar. 

10,  " 

do 

Sullivan.  Daniel, 

" 

May  25,       "                                     do 

Sullivan,  George, 

" 

July  30, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Taft,  Alfred  C, 

K 

"           "                          do 

White,  Goss, 

" 

.Tune  18,  1865,  order  War  Department. 

Willard,  James  J., 

" 

Killed  May  6, 1864,  order  War  Department. 

COMPANY  H. 

Dwight  D.  Allen,  S., 

Jan. 

11,  " 

Killed  July  30,  1864,  Petersburg. 

Charles  S.  Chase,  8., 

'' 

July  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service, 

William  C.  Park,  S., 

" 

Died  January,  31,  1865,  Danville,  Va. 

William  Connolly,  S., 

" 

Julj-  30, 1865 ;  expiration  of  sei-vice. 

David  F.  Lawry.'S., 

" 

Commissary  Sergeant. 

Charles  H.  Pinkham,  8., 

" 

Sergt.  Major  January  1,  1865. 

576 


WORCESTER  IN  THE  WAR. 


FIFTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INF^VNTRY.— THREE  YEARS.— Continued. 


Names. 


COMPANY  H. — CON. 
Walter  R.  Foster,  C, 
Henry  L.  Park,  C, 
George  E.  Patch,  C, 
Charles  H.  Wilson,  C, 
George  W.  Willard.  C. 
Charles  E.  Young,  C, 
David  F  Spencer,  M., 
Ains worth,  Otis  D., 
Binney.  Joseph  H., 
Bowen,  Isaac, 
Brown,  George  A., 
Buredge,  George  W., 
Conners,  Thomas, 
Doane,  Amos  L., 
Ewing,  Albert  S., 
Fittz,  Charles  A., 
Fogerty,  Edward  J., 
Gates,  Daniel,  C, 
Geer,  Edward  D., 
Hair,  Charles  N., 
Handlcy.  John, 
Horton,  James  B., 
Hoyt,  Henry  A.  F,, 
Hutchins,  Fred  P., 
Ide,  Henry  M., 
Jordan,  MartLn  L., 
Ladaux,  Isaac, 
Lincoln,  George  T., 
Little,  Jolm, 
Lovering,  Samuel  M., 
Marshall,  James  A., 
Mathews,  JEli, 
Merriam,  Henry, 
Merriam.  Horace, 
Mills,  Isaac  M., 
Murdock.  Albert  M., 
Murray,   Andrew, 
Parker,  Marshall, 
Raymond,  James  H., 
Rickcr,  Albert  M., 
Richards,  William  E., 
Robinson,  George  A., 
Ryan,  John, 
Savage.  Henry  G., 
Sharp,  Charles, 
Smith,  Eugene, 
Sprague,  Amos, 
Stetson,  James  M., 
Taft,  Edward  P., 
Timon,  Charles, 
Wakeman,  George  M., 
Walton.  Edward  A., 
Wellman,  George  H., 
Wellman,  John  P., 
Williams.  John  S., 
Woodcock,  Isaac  A., 
Wood,  George  H., 

COMPANY  I. 

Edwin  D.  McFarland, 
Bolton,  Henry, 
Moore,  William  K., 
Sullivan,  Daniel, 

COMPANY  K. 

Cadagan,  Michael, 
Parsons,  George  C., 


Date  of 

Muster. 


Jan.   11,  '64 


Remarks. 


25, 
11. 


Mar.  10,  '• 

Apr.     6,  " 
Mar.   10,  " 


Apr. 

Sept. 


July  30, 186.5;  expiration  of  service. 
Killed  May  24.  1864.  N.  Anna  River,  Va. 
Transferred  March  5, 186.5,  to  V.  R.  C. 
May  26,  186.3,  order  War  Department. 
Died  of  wounds,  September  IS,  1864. 
Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 
July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
M.ay  18, 1865,  order  War  Department. 
August  10,  1865,  "  " 

July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
May  22.  1865,  order  War  Department, 
July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"  "  do  absent. 

August  9,  1865,  order  War  Department. 
Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 
Died  of  wounds  May  16,  1864,  Spottsylvania. 
Jul5'  30,  1S«5;  expiration  of  service. 

"     6,      "      order  War  Department. 

"    30,     "      expiration  of  service. 
August  25,  1864,  for  promotion. 
Killed  May  6,  1864,  Wilderness. 
July  30,  1865 ;  expiration  of  service. 

"       exp.  of  serv.  absent  wounded, 
August  10.  1865,  order  War  Department. 
July  30,  1805;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  July  13,  1864,  Washington. 
July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"        exp.  of  serv.,  absent  wounded. 

Died  of  wounds  May  6,  1S64,  Wilderness. 
July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"  do 

June  17, 1865,  order  War  Department. 

1864,     "  •' 

August  8, 1865,  "  " 

Sergeant  Major. 

July  30, 1863';  expiration  of  service,  prisoner. 
February  21, 1865,  order  War  Department. 
August  10,        "        "  " 

.July  30, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  March  16,  1805,  Worcester. 
July  5, 1865,  order  War  Department. 
June  29,  "        " 
Transferred  February  14. 1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 

March  4,  1S64.  to  V.  R.  C. 
Killed  May  6,  1864.  Wilderness. 
July  30,  1865;  expiration  of  service. 
Died  of  wounds.  May  31,  1864. 
May  24,  1865,  order  War  Department. 
July  30,     "     expiration  of  service. 

"     exp.  of  sen'.,  absent  wounded. 
Died  August  10,  1864,  Andersunville. 
lulj'  30,  1865;  exp.  serv.,  absent  wounded. 
June  16,  1865 ;  disability. 
•July  30,  1865,  exp.  of  serv.,  absent  sick. 
June  2,  1865,  order  W^ar  Department. 

*'     disability. 


Transferred  February  17,  1865,  to  V.  R.  C. 

Deserted  March  1804. 

Died  Nov.  2,  1864,  Beverly,  N.  J. 

July  30, 1865;  exp.  of  serv.,  absent  sick. 


Died  of  wounds  August  6.  1864,  Washington. 
June  16, 1865,  order  War  Department. 


THE     ROLL     OF     HONOR. 


577 


FIFTY-EIGnTH  REGIMENT  ESTFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


Names. 

Date  of 

Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  C, 

Nolan,  Dennis, 
Wliitc,  Isaac  (j., 

Feb.      7,  '65 

July  27,  1865,  order  "War  Department. 
Died,  Washington. 

FIFTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— THREE  YEARS. 


COMPANY  D. 

Coolidge,  Silas  A., 


Feb.     9,  '64  Died  July  1,  1864. 


SIXTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— ONE  YEAR. 


COMPANY  F. 

James  H.  Murray,  C, 

Feb. 

25, 

'65 

Jiily 

16, 

1865; 

expiration 

of     service. 

Albee.  Seth, 

Mar 

11, 

" 

do 

Fallon,  Patrick, 

Oct. 

24, 

'64 

Deserted  June  23 

1865. 

Lamson,  Lucien  B., 

Feb. 

23, 

'65 

July 

16, 

1865; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Roberts,  Peter, 

Oct. 

23, 

'64 

'" 

K 

do 

COMPANY  G, 

Barber,  Cyrus, 

Feb. 

28, 

'65 

a 

" 

do 

Cosgrove,'Jolm  J., 

Mar 

17, 

" 

" 

<< 

do 

Darling.  Daniel  W., 

Feb. 

23, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Darling,  Joseph  T., 

" 

21, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Stone,  Edgar  V., 

Mar 

17, 

" 

Mays 

,  1865,  order  War  Department. 

COMPANY  H. 

Burns,  George, 

Jan. 

2, 

'65 

July 

16, 

1865; 

expiration 

of    Bervice. 

Byrnes,  .Michael, 

" 

4, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Cushiug,  John  E., 

« 

2, 

" 

" 

(I 

do 

Driscoll,  Thomas, 

" 

' 

" 

« 

do 

Halvey,  Thomas, 

'< 

5, 

" 

(( 

" 

do 

Mason,  William  E., 

" 

4, 

" 

January  27,  1865; 

disability. 

Morse,  Mason  H., 

Dec. 

13, 

'64 

July 

16, 

1865; 

expiration 

of    service. 

COMPANY  I. 

David  R.  Knox,  8., 

Jan. 

17j 

'65 

(( 

do 

Patrick  Dempsey,  S., 

20, 

" 

do 

Charles  H.  Curtis,  0., 

" 

25, 

" 

" 

do 

Horace  Hamilton,  C., 

'< 

17, 

" 

a 

do 

William  II.  Palmer,  C, 

" 

24, 

" 

a 

do 

William  R.  Fabor,  M., 

" 

26, 

u 

'< 

do 

Abbott.  Caleb  F., 

Feb. 

2 

" 

i( 

do 

Andrews,  Oliver  C, 

Mar. 

25^ 

" 

" 

do 

Bowen,  Andrew  F., 

Feb. 

6, 

" 

<< 

do 

Constantino,  Michael, 

Jan. 

30, 

'< 

X 

do 

Dennis,  John  C, 

Feb. 

16, 

« 

June  25, 1865 ;  order  War  Department. 

Fairbanks,  xVlmer  R., 

" 

July 

16, 

1865; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Farwell,  Charles  B., 

Jan. 

24, 

" 

" 

«' 

do 

Fay,  Addisou  N., 

'• 

17, 

" 

" 

'• 

do 

Fav,  .Stilhnan  M., 

Mar. 

11, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Fk-teher,  Henry  H. 

Jan. 

26, 

" 

Died  Jitly 

5,  1865. 

Killdutt",  William, 

Feb. 

17, 

" 

July 

16, 

1865  ; 

expiration 

of    service. 

Lowe,  William, 

Jan. 

6, 

«' 

'■ 

" 

do 

Marble.  Albert  W., 

Feb. 

7, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

McRoberts,  James, 

" 

" 

'< 

u 

do 

Martin,  Alonzo, 

" 

17, 

" 

" 

i« 

do 

McCarty,  Bartholomew, 

<i 

21, 

'< 

" 

(( 

do 

Nelson,  John, 

" 

26, 

a 

" 

(( 

do 

Prouex,  John  B., 

" 

21, 

" 

a 

« 

do 

Reed  James  W.. 

Feb. 

3, 

" 

u 

" 

do 

Regan,  Patrick, 

'• 

17, 

" 

" 

u 

do 

RobbiuB,  George  M., 

Jan. 

23, 

" 

a 

t( 

do 

Sibley,  George  E., 

Feb. 

13, 

" 

" 

" 

do 

Stevens,  Edgar, 

Jan. 

17, 

" 

(( 

(( 

do 

Sumner,  William  E., 

Feb. 

11, 

" 

" 

•  ' 

do 

Vance.  Walter, 

Jan. 

2, 

" 

u 

« 

do 

Wall,  Philip, 

•  ' 

9; 

" 

« 

do 

Walsh,  George, 

" 

28, 

" 

" 

« 

do 

37 


578 


WORCESTER     IN    THE    WAR. 


SIXTY-FIRST  REGIMENT  ESTFAN'TRY.— ONE  YEAR.— Continued. 


Names. 

Date  of 
Muster. 

Remarks. 

COMPANY  I.— CON. 

"Ward,  George  A., 
Wright,  George, 

COMPANY  K. 

Brady,  John, 
Canc'dy,  John  E., 
Caulhihan,  John, 
Kehoiigh,  Matthew, 
Kellcy,  Thomas, 

Feb.   27,  '65 
"       2,  " 

"     21,  " 
"       9,  " 

-Jan.    27'.  " 
Feh.      8,  " 

July  16, 1865;  expiration  of  service. 

"               "                       do 

Deserted  June  28, 1865. 

July  16, 1S65 ;  expiration  of  service. 
"               >'                      do 
"               "                      do 
•'              "                       do 

SIXTY-SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.— ONE  YEAR. 


COMPANY  A. 

John  F.  Boyd,  C, 

Mar. 

10,  '65 

May  5, 

1865;  expiration  of  service. 

Fisher,  Elbridge, 

" 

11,  " 

" 

" 

do 

Mann,  William  D., 

" 

10,  " 

" 

II 

do 

Winslow,  Sewell, 

" 

20,  " 

" 

<i 

do 

COMPANY  B. 

Byron,  Charles  T., 

" 

28,  " 

(( 

(1 

do 

Cleaveland,  Charles  P., 

'• 

20,  " 

" 

It 

do 

Evans,  John, 

Apr. 

1>  " 

(( 

« 

do 

Kelley,  James, 

U 

3,  " 

<( 

CI 

do 

O'Donnell,  John, 

(( 

4," 

(( 

l( 

do 

COMPANY  C. 

Goldthwait,  Albert, 

Mar. 

25,  " 

(1 

« 

do 

MflOlwiii,  James  F., 

" 

a 

<( 

<' 

do 

Millet,  William  F., 

(( 

27,  " 

i< 

If 

do 

Witherhead,  Frank  A., 

u 

25,  " 

(( 

" 

do 

COMPANY  D. 

Arnold,  George  L., 

u 

21,  " 

11 

II 

do 

Auldrich,  Oscar, 

Apr. 

4,  " 

" 

<( 

do 

Barrett.  John, 

*' 

>( 

II 

l< 

do 

Bowan.  George  W., 

Mar. 

21,  " 

" 

II 

do 

Brien,  Dennis  0., 

" 

24,  " 

(1 

(( 

do 

Budson,  Peters, 

" 

23,  " 

(1 

11 

do 

Desmond.  John, 

'< 

a 

i( 

II 

do 

Doherty.  James, 

Apr. 

1>  " 

" 

" 

do 

Dugan,  Henry, 

'' 

11,    '• 

It 

•' 

do 

Esten.  Henry  L., 

<( 

4,  " 

a 

II 

do 

Farrar,  George  A., 

" 

5,  " 

<i 

If 

do 

Jerome^  John, 

Mar. 

30,  « 

" 

If 

do 

Jones,  Nathaniel, 

" 

24,  " 

'< 

If 

do 

Kallihan,  Michael, 

K 

30,  " 

11 

If 

do 

Knight,  James  H., 

Apr. 

4,  " 

<' 

" 

do 

Landers,  Joseph  B., 

Mar. 

24,  " 

i( 

If 

do 

Lovely,  George  H., 

Apr. 

3,  " 

u 

If 

do 

McIntire,,Orrin  H., 

Mar. 

21,  " 

11 

If 

do 

Reed,  George  T., 

•' 

23,  " 

" 

11 

do 

Scott,  Thomas  H., 

" 

29,  " 

" 

ff 

do 

Seavcr,  Cutler, 

" 

28,  " 

" 

If 

do 

Sweeney,  Thomas, 

" 

24,  " 

" 

" 

do 

WhaUng,  Michael, 

<( 

i( 

II 

" 

do 

tJNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Foye,  George  E., 

Apr. 

5.  " 

Deserted  April  19, 1865. 

FIRST  COMPANY  SHARPSHOOTERS.— THREE  YEARS. 


Bachellor,  Alfred  A., 


iJuly    31,  'G2|Died  July  10,  1863,  Baltimore. 


SECOND  COMPANY  SHARPSHOOTERS.— THREE  YEARS. 


Harbuck,  Horace  P., 
Jewett,  George  H., 


I  July    11,  '631  Deserted  Sept.  3,  1864. 

I    "         "      [July  3, 1864,  order  War  Department. 


INDEX   OF   NAMES 


[  This  Index  contains  all  the  names  mentioned  in  this  volume,  except  those  found  in  groups,  or  col- 
umns, as  on  the  following  pages,  viz  :  22,  27-29,  47,  86,  87,  94,  102,  103,  118,  128-9,  134,  137, 
138,  140,  142,  159,  i6p,  17S,  216,  217,  234,  240,  241,  243,  24S,  333,  337.  339.  340.  399>  402.  422, 
423,  426,  427,  430,  431.  432,  433>  435'  437'  447.  449.  519-576-] 


Abercrombie,  Lieut,  453. 
Adams,  Charles  F.,  Jr.,  311. 
Alden,  Captain,  122. 
Aldrich,  Lieut.,  157. 
Mrs.  Paine,  42. 
P.  Emory,  98,  124,  126,  130, 
131,    133,   136,    13S,    139, 
142,    179,    iSo,    1S4,   365, 
413- 
Alger,  Mrs.  Susan  E.,  419,  420. 

Warren  A.,  493 
Allen,  B.  D.,  359,  379. 
Charles,  41,  94,  179. 
Charles,  Jr.,  336. 
Ethan,  92. 
Miss  Emma,  42. 
&  Wheelock,  173. 
Ames,  Theo.  E.,  215. 
Anderson,  John,  279. 
Major,  17,  i8. 
Martin  F.,  182. 
Andrew,   John  A.,   56,  66,  71, 
83,    loi,    128,    133,    144, 
240,  249,  364. 
Appleton,  Grace,  162. 
Atherton,  Francis  M.,  480. 
Attwood,    Cornelius     G. ,     127, 

136,  205,  260. 
Aver,  J.  C.,  56. 

B. 

Babbidge,  Chaplain,  51. 
Bacon,  Francis,  496,  497. 

Peter  C,  46,  1^3,  1S4. 

William  B.,  264,  496,  497. 
Bailey,  A.  T.,  514. 

L.  Henr\',  273. 
Baldwin,  Charles,  333. 

George  W.,  151,  388,  389. 

John  D.,  39,   loi,   13S,  140, 
144,  231,  332. 

John  S.,  140. 
Baker,  Gen.,  iii,  113,  115,  119. 


Baker,  Healy,  448. 
Ball,  George  S.,  344. 

Phinehas,  287,  290,  299,  343, 
35*^,  357,  364,  379' 
Banks,  Nath.    P.,   59,    60,    70, 

128,  169. 
Banvard,  Joseph,  i^  357,  363, 

370,  406,  443,  472,  475. 
Barnard,  Edward  L.,  458. 

George  E.,  500. 

and  Sumner,  3  28,  335. 
Barker,  John  B.,  133. 

Thaddeus  L.,  273,  274,  297, 
299. 
Barksdale,  Co!.,  no. 
Bartholomew,  Nelson,  155. 
Barrett,  Nicholas  J.,  2S6. 
Bartlett,  Gen.,  239,  240,  277. 
Barton,  Clara,  52,  421. 

Edmund  M.,  407-411. 

George,  182,  279,  409. 

Ira  M.,  52,  185,  435. 
Bates,  Joseph  N.,  loS,  115,  151, 

390,  465 
Baylies,  Mrs.,  399. 
Bean,  George  H.,  251. 
Beauregard,  Gen..  17. 
Bemis,"j.  Orlando,  241,  303. 

Merrick,  20,  131,  180,  464. 
Benchley,  George  W.,  41,  182. 
Bessev,  Merritt  B.,  98. 
Bickford,  Mrs.  Wm.  M.,  42. 
Bigelow,  Henry,  462. 

Miss,  365. 

Timothy,  85. 
Bixby,  John  F.,  481. 
Blair,  H.  R.,  103. 
Blake,  Charles  P.,  394. 

Francis,  392. 

George  S.,  392. 

James  B.,  351,  518. 
Bliss,  Edward  E.,  471. 

Edward  M.,  471. 

Edwin  H.,  471. 

Harrison,  24. 
Bond,  Thomas  C.,  404. 


Boomer,  George  B.,  474. 
Boswell,  Charles  H.,  479. 
Boyden,  Elbridge,  335. 

George  C,  334. 

John,  329. 

Mrs.  John,  42  398. 
Bowman,  Henry,  137,   139,  211, 

212   28S. 
Boyce,  John,  24,  33. 
Bradley,  Osgood,  173. 
Bramliall,  Lieut.,  in,  112. 
Brooks,  Lewis  M.,  479. 
Brown,  Alzirus, 

A.  P.,  2S;. 

J.  Stuart,  413. 

Mrs.  Theo.,  42. 
Buffum,  Amos,  274. 

Lieut.,  9  \ 
Bullard,  Charles  H.,  288. 

Ebenezer  W.,  89. 
Bullock,  A.  H.,  ig,  41,  46,   90, 
95,  99,  104,  108,  1 20,  129, 
J37,    141,    144,    179-    236, 
.329,  359,  360,  382,  423. 
Burnside,  Gen.,  i:,5,  157,  161. 
Burlingham,  H.  G.,  308. 
Burrage,  Henry  S.,  274. 
Burrill,  Col,  222,  223, 
Burrington,  Rev.  Mr.,  106. 
Busteed,  Richard,  161. 
Butler,  Benj.  F.,  55,  66,  67,  63, 
175,  206. 

c. 

Cabot,  Capt.,  304, 
Cadwallader,  Gen.,  68,  69. 
Cameron,  Simon,  71. 
Campbell,  G.  S.,  98. 
Cantield,  Charles  T.,  391. 
Can-,  William,  26"^. 
Chamberlain,  C.  N.,  244. 

foseph,  1S3. 

R.  B.,  255 

Samuel  E.,  311. 
Chandler,  Charles  L.,  277,  278. 


58o 


INDEX    OF    NAMES. 


Chandler,  Dr.,  129. 

George,  41. 
Chapin,  D.  E.,  243 

Henry,  120,  121,   183,  239, 
329.  443- 
Chase,  Joseph,  335. 

Miss  Lizzie,  89. 
Cheney,  28-!. 

E.  Dexter,  499. 
Chestnut,  Gen.,  17. 
Cheever,  George  i?.,  93. 

Henry  T.,  244,  2SS. 
Childs,  E.  N.,  336. 

Charles  S.,  82. 

J.  M.,  22S. 

Linus,  317. 

Mrs.  L.  M.,  317. 
ChoUar,  J.  D.,  331. 
Clapp,  Frederic  A.,  406. 
Clark,  Capt.,  311. 

Dr.,  463. 

Henry  O.,  82. 

N.  A.,  209. 

Mrs.  T.  A.,  42. 

William  H.,  255,  256. 

William   S.,   89,    157,    160, 
197,  19S,  234,  23s. 
Clarke,  R.  R.,  296. 
Cobb,  Lieut.,  209. 
Coe,  2S8. 
Goes,  Loren,  iSo. 
Cogswell,  Col.,  Ill,  113,  115. 
Collester,  Osgood,  136,  488. 

Warren,  488. 
Conant,  Francis  A.,  513. 
Cook,  Major,  57. 
Corbin,  Frank  S.,  155. 
Corcoran,  Gen.,  139. 
Cromack,  Joseph  C,  93,  391. 
Crompton,  George,  24,  173,  iSo. 
Crovvninshield,  Col.,  304,   306- 

308. 
Cruikshank,  Rev.  Mr.,  362. 
Cummings,  Gilbert,  391. 
Curtis,  Albert,  132. 
Gushing,  Christopher,  122. 
Cutler,  Ebenezer,  105,  120,  355, 
363,  367,    376,    380,    4M, 
453.  472-474. 

John  H.,  244. 
Cutter,  Surgeon,  236,  399. 
Cutting,  Charles  H.,  473. 

D. 

Dadmun,  Rev.  M.,  106,  120. 
Daley,  William,  262,  510. 
Daniels,  Henry,  499. 

Henry  W.,  273 

Joseph  D.,  104. 

Myron,  499. 
Darling,  Alexander  C,  288. 
Davis,  A.  M.  F.,  121. 

Charles  H.,  241. 

Charles  S.,  89. 

C.  W.,  25s. 

Engineer,  80. 

George  E.,  251,  235. 

Hasbrouck,  396. 

Isaac,  19-21,  24,  30,  33,  44, 
46)  63,  74,  83,  100,  120, 
128,  139,  179,  181,  23S, 
406,  443. 

"Jeff.,"  48. 

John,  396. 

Jonas  R.,  255. 

Rev.  Mr.,  375. 


Davis,  Samuel,  228. 
William  S.,  gg. 

Dayton,  Miss  Emma  L.,  290. 

Dean,  John,  45. 

Denny,  J.  Waldo,  52,  55,  57, 
98,  loi,  200,  201-4,  261, 
50S,  509,  516. 

Derby,  James,  153. 

Devens,  Charles,  Jr.,  ig,  24,  31, 

69,  71,  7Si  82-4,  101,  108- 

II,  114-18,   126,  130,  131, 

14S,  154,  iSs,  249,  313-25, 

.  3S8,  453,  460. 

Dickinson,  Daniel  S.,  121. 
Mrs.  William,  402. 

Dix,  Gen.,  73,  218. 

Dodd,  Capt.,  76. 

Doherty,  Hugh,  24. 
James,  ;8o. 

Dorchester,  Daniel,  46. 

Doty,  Albert,  279,  280. 

Douglas,  James,  122. 
Stephen  A.,  79. 

Draper,  Edwin,  41. 

William  F.,  211,  273. 

Drennan,  James  M.,  206, 

Dresser,  Edson  T.,  279. 

Dudley,  Henry  G.,  2S2. 

Dutch',  J.  C,  394. 

Dwinnell,  Benj.  D.,  300. 

Dyson,  Reuben,  223. 


E. 

Eager,  Charles  H.,  196. 
Eames,  D.  H..  333. 
Earle,  Oliver  K.,  133. 

Thomas,  233. 
Eddy,  Capt.,  241. 
Ehvell,  Capt ,  271. 
Estabrook,  James  E.,  71. 
Estey,  James  R.,  473. 
Everett,  Edward,  121,  289 


Farr,  Adjutant,  57 
Fiske,  Joseph  R  ,  301. 
Fitch,  Dana  H.,  299,  44S. 
Flagg,  Samuel,  391. 
Fleming,  James,  286. 
Fletcher,  Major,  58. 
Forbes,  A.  P.,  292. 
Ford,  Augustus,  222. 
Foss,  Charles  H.,  204. 
Foster,  A.  H.,  80,  206. 

Dwight,  56,  107,  12I. 

Gen.,  165,  166,  168. 

Theodore  S.,  156-7. 
Fox  &  I\Lavo,  173. 

Mrs.  William  B.,  42. 

Rev.  INIr.,  363. 

William  B.,  24. 
Franklin,  Gen.,  148. 
Frazer,  J.  D.,  157. 
Freeland,  Charles  W.,  404. 
Fremont,  John  C,  146. 
Fuller,  Warren  A.,  308. 

G. 

Gage,  Corporal,  209. 

Dr.,  463. 
Getcliell,  Moses  W.,  155. 
Ghirardi,  Bancroft,  393. 
Gilbert,  Amos  H.,  71,  452. 


Gird,  Joseph  W.,  180,  184,  228, 
231,  288,  500. 

Mrs ,  419. 
Gleason,  J.  H.,  72. 
Gooch,  D.  W  ,  323. 
Goddard,  D.  A.,  104. 

Miss  Julia  M., 

N.  P.,  338. 
Godwin,  Park,  161. 
Going,  William  F.,  458. 
Goodell,    Arthur    A.,    25,    211, 

273- 

John  B.,  217. 
Goodhue,  John  M.,   18,  31,  32, 

70,  76. 
Goodricli,  George  E.,  294. 
Goodwin,  F.  E  ,  204,  260. 

John,  233. 
Gordon,  William  F.,  480. 
Gorman,  Gen.,  151. 
Goss,  Charles,  254. 
Goiigh,  John  B.,  81,  133,  423. 
Goulding,  Henry,  487. 
Graham,  Lieut.,  262. 
Grant,  Gen.,  246,  329. 
Gray,  Miss  Amelia  T.,  290. 
Green,  Miss  Jenny,  42. 

William  N.,  476. 

William  N.,  Jr.,  288,  476. 
Greene,  J.  Evarts,  115. 

John  R.,  448. 

R.  R.,  22S. 

Stephen  E.,  300. 
Grisgs,  Mrs ,  42. 
Griffin,  J.  P.,  338. 
Grout,  John  W.,  155,  453-457. 

H. 

Hagar,  Rev.  Mr.,  21,  89,    120, 

.  453- 
Hair,  Charles  N.,  303. 
Hall,  Theron  E.,    43,    58,    125, 

399,  413- 
Hammond,  T  W.,  421. 
Hancock,  Gen.,  250,  252. 
Harkness,    E.   A.,    20,    66,    71, 

100,  180,  221,  238,  515. 
Harlow,  Mrs.  Helen  C,  421. 
Harrington,  Samuel,  205. 
Harris,  Allen,  437. 

O.  F.,  288 
Hathaway,  Samuel,  20,  24,  161. 
Haven,  Charles  \V.,    472. 

George  H.,  279. 

Frank  E.,  161. 

Samuel  F.,  7,  462. 

S.  Foster,  Jr.,  108,  115, 151, 
155,  389,  462,  470. 
Hawkes,  George  P.,  199,  234-6, 

239- 
Hayes,  Martin,  224. 
Henrj',  Walter,  131. 
Hersey,  Charles,  45,  332. 
Heywood,  Charles  H.,  303. 

Miss  Caroline,  42. 

S.  R.,  104,  139. 

W.  H.,  47. 
Higginson,  T.  W.,  20,  128,  138, 

139,  140,  396-    397- 
Hill,  Alonzo,  19,  30,  36,  Si,  83, 

98,    105,     120,    132,     138, 

175,   178,    184,    243,    344, 

370,  443- 
Hicks,  Gov.,  67. 
Hines,  John,  480. 
Hinks,  Col.,  57. 


INDEX    OF    NAMES. 


581 


Hitchcock,  Henry  S.,  225., 
Hoar,  George   F.,    31,   83,   84, 

459,  460- 
Hodgkins,  Private,  139. 
Hoklen,  James,  480. 
Hollister,  Col.,  237. 
Holmes,  Dr.,  143,  3S4. 

Otis  W.,  274. 
Hooper,  J.  H.,   153,    194,   197, 

246,  247. 
Horton,  Jesse,  295. 
Howard,  Charles,  59. 

Gen.,  152. 
Howe,  Church,  56,  80,  log,  115, 

389- 
Edward  E.,  255. 
Hubbard,  Corporal,  271. 
Hubon,    Peter    E.,    285,     2S6, 

3yo- 
Huntington,  W.  R.,  176,  380. 


Jackson,  Andrew,  33. 

Nathan,  161. 
James,  Horace,  Si,  99,  103,  105, 

127,  161,  162,  391,  423. 
Jenkins,  Hamilton  &  Co.,  328, 

335- 
Jillson,  Clark,  450. 
Jones,  Edward  F.,  25,  57,  60. 
Jordan,  Edwin  D.,  514. 

J.  W.,  133,  514. 
Jorgenson,  Capt.,  193. 
Jourdan,   W.  H.,  336. 
Joslin,  George  C,  20,  66,   1S8, 
196,  197,  249. 

Herbert,'  251. 
Judd,  Frederick  A.,  293. 


Kane,  Marshal,  6S-70. 

Kent,  William  P.,  216. 

Kimball,  John  W.,  83,  108, 
109,  114,  IIS,  148,  149, 
'51-154,  197,  249,  388. 

King,  Rufus,  107. 

Kinnicutt,  F.  H.,  41. 

Knowlton,  Frederick,  104. 

J.  S.  C,    19,    38,   46,    138, 
179,  241. 

L. 

Lawience,  Edwin  S.,  133. 

Le  Baron,     Miss  Martha,     42, 

39S. 
Leach,  F.  T.,  93,  295. 
Lee,  Col.,    no,    in,    114,    200, 

202,  469. 
Leonard,  Mrs.  F.  S.,  42. 
Lewis,  John  E.,  516. 

Rev.  Mr.,  175,  470,  4S0. 
Light,  John  F.,  288. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  40,  117,  140, 
242,    290,  321,  326,   353- 
386- 
D.  Waldo,  20,  62,  94,    174, 
176,    221,    228,  231,    235, 
^  237,  249,  261,  443. 
Edward  W.,  337. 
Levi,  46,    63,   87,   94,   120, 
130,   179,   243,    336,    371. 
393,  434- 
Miss  F.  M.,  239,  237,. 
William    S.,    21,    56,    129, 


136,  210,  242,  262,  264, 
295,  296,  345,  505- 

Liscomb,  Nathaniel  S.,  64,  72. 

Longley,  Henry  G.,  472. 

Lord,  R.,  244. 

Lovell,  J.  A.,  338. 

Lowell,  Charles  K.,  Jr.,  304- 
306.  -^ 

Lyon,  Gen.,  146. 

M. 

Macker,  George  A.,  483,  4S4. 
Macomber,  Geo'-ge  B.,  295. 
iNIaggi,  Col.,  156,  157. 
Magnitzky,  Capt.,  282. 
Magrath,  Judge,  18. 
INLinning,  David,  288. 
Mansfield,  J.  A.,  37s. 
INLirsh,   Henry  A.,  333. 
Marshal,  Joseph  A.,  S3,  273. 
Martin,    Oramel,     78,   93,    12S, 

176,  3S9,  463. 
Mason,; Joseph  41. 
Mathews,  Henry,  262. 
McCaffertjf,  Matthew  J.,  20,  24, 

7',  97i  98,   i°°>   126,    128, 

131,   136,    165,    182,    184, 

232,   238. 
McClelian,  George  B.,  117,  129, 

146,  153,  315- 
McCoinb,  John,  134,    136,    13S, 

2S8. 
McConville,  Henry,  31,  98,  100, 

206,   260,    261,    2S8,   508, 

509- 
INIichael,  24,  25,  71,  338. 
P.  J.,  47S. 
McCue,  Martin,  416. 
McDermott,  Felix,  255. 
McDonald,  Michael,  4S0. 
McKendry,  30*1,  307. 
McLaughlin,  N.  B.,  2S0. 
Meade,  Gen.,  246. 
Mecorney,  Horace,  391. 
Melaven,  Maurice,  24. 
Messenger,  C.  S.,  448. 

D.  H.,  336. 
Messer,  Carlos,  224. 
Metcali;  Caleb  B.,  454. 
Miller,  George  F.,  89. 

Miss,  239. 
Mirick,  John  D.,  479. 
Moen,  Philip  L.,  41,  133,  406. 
Morris,  Major,  67,  70,  71,  73. 
Morse,    Augustus,    58,    87,    90. 

91,.  156. 
Edwin  A.,  273. 
Moss,  Rev.  Mr.,  98,  106. 
Moulton,    Orson,    20,    66,    167, 

204,  206,  260. 
Murkland,  Capt.,  193. 
Murphy,  John  L.,  104. 
Myers,  Capt.,  410,  411. 

N. 

Nelson,  Miss  Elizabeth,  42. 
Newbury,  Dwight,  196,  50.5. 
Newton,  Rejoice,  19,  135. 
Nichols,  Dr.,  463. 
Norton,  John  B.,  211. 

o. 

O'Driscoll,  Michael,  24,  42,  73. 
O'Gorman,  John  J.,  224. 


O  Keefe,  James,  2S5. 

Patrick,  41,  131,  132. 
O'Neil,  D.  H.,  24. 

Thomas,   24,    72,    99,    126, 
127,    167,   201,    203,    205, 
238,  262,  288,  507,  508. 
O'Reilly,  James,  100. 

P-  T.,  33,  371- 
O'Rourke,  Charles  B.,  47S. 
Osgood,  James  H.,  471. 

Mrs.,  471. 


Paine,  Nathaniel,  loS. 
Parker,  Dexter  F.,    ig,   50,   54, 

56,  58,  63,  93,  283,  489-494, 

G.  C,  251. 
Parkhurst,  V.  P.,  204,  261. 
Parsons,  Solomon,  Jr.,  470. 
Patterson,  Rev.  Mr.,  406. 
Peabody,  iMiss  E.  P.,  464. 
Peckham,  Frank,  254. 
Pelton,  Charles  H.,  262. 
Pentecost,  William,  332. 
Pepper,  Sergeant,  271. 
Perkins,  Capt.,  52. 
Pervear,  H.  K.,  363,  370. 
Phiibrick,     Charles,    no,     116, 

.  151,  153,  1S9,  249. 

Phillips,     Ivers,    $%    '39,    237, 

240,  442,  446,  463. 

Wendell,  241. 
Pickens,  Gov.,  17. 
Pickett,  Josiah,   20,   23,  66,   71, 
72,    127,    165,     16S,     185, 
200,    202,    203,    205,  206, 
232-3,  237-S,  257,   260-1, 
283.  344,  516. 
Pierce,  Phiibrick,  in,  112. 

R.  A,,  56. 
Pierpont,  John,  93. 
Pinkham,  J.  S.,  333. 

Mrs.  J.  S.,  42,  138. 
Piper,  A.  F.  V.  B.,  251. 
Plunkett,  Sergeant,  160,  234. 
Pond,  Lucius  W.,  174,  420. 
Pope,  Gen.,  152,  158. 
Porter,  Lieut.,  57. 
Potter,  Andrew,  26S,  269,  295. 

Major,  2S2. 
Power,  J.  J.,  gS,  120,  224. 

Nicholas,  180. 
Pratt,  Calvin  E.,  136,  1S2. 

Charles  B.,    121,    126,  131, 
329- 

Harrison   W.,    49,    56,    62. 
129,  269,  497. 
Prescott,  Albert,  27S,  279. 
Prouty,  241. 
Putnam,  Samuel  H.,  206,  261. 

R. 

Rand,  Arnold  A.,  30S. 
Ransom,  Capt.,  172. 
Reade,  John,  279. 
Reed,  Henry  W.,  300. 
Reno,  Frank,  156. 

Gen.,  158. 
Rice,  George  M.,  131,  132,  iSo, 
183,  406. 

Geor:;e  M  ,  Jr.,  300,  393. 

J.  Marcus,  206,  390,  420. 

Mrs.  E.  M.,  420. 

W.   W.,  41,  44,  46,  93,  100, 

125,  128,  13s,  140,  184. 


582 


Richardson,  George  W.,  130. 
INIerriil,  38,   81,  88,   89,    98, 
loi,   105,   120,    128,     131, 
134,  138,  143,  i75-9>    i*°. 
242,    299,   329>   354,    357, 
363,   371.    378,    397,   443, 
451,  471,  472- 
O.  p.,  2S8. 
Richter,  Lieut.,  98,  100. 
Ritchie,  Col,  lOi. 
Riplev,  Dwight,  199. 

T.  W,.  271. 
Roberts,  Rev.  Mr.,  66. 
Rogers,  B.  F.,  93. 
Rosecrans,  Gen.,  146. 
Russell,  Henry  S.,  3ii' 
Thomas,  137. 

S. 
Sahsburv,    Stephen,    120,     178, 

iS'o,  182,  372. 
Sampson,  Capt.,  254,  25s,  282. 
Sanderson,  John  W.,  217,  231. 
Sanford,  Myron  S.,  300- 
Sanger,  William  H.,  225. 
Sargent,  Dr.,  463. 

Henry,  464. 
Scandlin,  ■William  G.,  loS,  109 

115.  120,  151,  391,  462. 
Scott,  Gen.,  So. 
Sears,  Freeman,  ^63. 
Sedgwick,  Gen.,  151. 

"Lieut.,  2S1. 
Sheldon,  Horace,  32S. 
Shepard,  Lathe  &  'Jo.,  173- 

Miss  Emma,  290. 
Shippen,  R.  R.,  132,  ^75,  176. 

354,  -562,  443,  462. 
Simonds,  Capt.,  468. 

Clark  B.,  i55' 
Sinclair,  Robert  B.,  3°°- 
Smith,  Charles  H.,  471. 
Charles  W.,  335. 
J.  B  ,  273 
Levi  N.,  274. 
Mrs.  Helen,  419. 
Samuel,  141. 
Souther,  Samuel,   104,  13S,  144, 
17S,    10,    12,    232,   240, 
443,  505,  5o6- 
Spaulding.  George  H.,  80. 
Spooner,  Mrs.,  42- 
Sprague,  A.  B.  R.,  18,    ig,    23, 
66,  68-71,  75,  98,  99,  10 1. 
139,  142,  161,  165,  167-8, 
171,    180,    1H2-3,   2i6-ig, 
221,  234,  236,   23S,  3°o-3i 

396- 
Homer  B.,  125,  181. 

Lee,  131,  445- 
Spurr,  Thomas  J.,  i  55.  459-462 
469. 


INDEX    OF    NAMES. 


Stanton,  Edwin  M.,  326,  328. 
Star,  Sergeant,  69. 
Steams,  Amos  E.,  415- 

C,  344- 

Frazer  A.,  156,  157. 
Stella,  144. 
Stevens,  Charles  E.,  506. 

Charles  H.,  195. 

Mrs.  C.  E.,  42. 

W.  X.,  33°- 
Stewart,  James,  471. 
Stiles,  Frederick  G.,  222. 
Stocking,  Prof.,  360. 
Stoddard,  E.  B.,  iS,  20. 
Stone,  Augustus,  303. 

s.  v.,  329- 

Charles  P.,  107,  no. 
Stowe,  Martin,  41- 
Stratton,  Eugene  W.,  472. 
Studley,  J.  M.,  182,  219,  221. 
Stuart,  George  H.,  4°6. 
St.  John,  T.  E.,  176,    i?2,    228, 

232,   233,   240,   242,   243, 

329,  355,  362. 
Sullv,  Gen.,  150 
Sumner,  Charles,  64,  141,  i44- 
Swan,  Elliot,  131. 
Sweetser,  Seth,  42,  81,  9S>   i°S> 

120,    176,    228,    354,    359, 

360,   363,   370.   375.    385, 

458. 

T. 

Tappan,  Col,  46. 
Taft,  Corporal  T.   E.,  Jr.,   510- 
511. 

Putnam  W.,  19,  62,  412. 
Taylor,  Col,  425-     „   „ 
Thayer,  Houghton  &  Co.,  173- 
Thompson,  George,  239. 

George  W.,  267. 

J.  L  ,  396.         ^ 

William  C,  396. 
Tobey,  John  G.,  1S3,  23 '. 
Tolman,  Albert,  41. 
Toulmin,  Dean,  45. 
Trainor,  Owen,  478. 
Tucker,  Julius  E.,  1S4. 

J.  Massena,  231,    233,    278 
2S0,  501-503. 

James,  261,  2S3. 
Rev.  Mr.,  120. 
Turner,  J.  W.,  375- 

u. 

Upham,  Charles  W.,  513- 
George,  93. 
George  D.,  394- 
Joel  W.,  93,  394,  513- 

Upton,  Charles  E.,  262. 


Upton,  Edwin,  98, 165,  166,  16S. 

V. 

Vassal!,  Mrs.,  52. 
Vaughan,  F.  F.,  122. 

W. 

Wageley,    Louis,   65,   98,    100, 

127. 
Walker,  Albert  C,  504. 
Amasa,  135. 
Capt.,  88. 

Edward  A.,  181,    240,   377. 
443- 
Ward,  Alanson,  241. 

George  H.,  18,    19,   74,   80, 
81-3,  109,  III,    114,  "5. 
129-30,  140,  142,  1 48,  i8g, 
193,  197,  249,  482-7. 
Ware,  Mrs.  Susan,  419- 
Washburn,  Edward  R.,  S"- 
Francis,  30S-310. 
Henry  S.,  413,  457- 
H.  H.,  182. 
Ichabod,  21,  g4,  i7g- 
Mrs.,  420. 
Nathan,  58,  173. 
Wasson,  David  A.,  182,470. 
Watson,  Charles  H.,  116. 
Wavland,  H.  L.,  81,  103,420. 
Webster,  Warren,  290. 
Weigand,  Frederic,  g8. 
Wellington,  Edward,  417. 
Frank,  417. 
George,  417. 
Mrs.  T.W.,420. 
T.  W.,  133,  180,  417,  448. 
Wells,  Col,  133,  137,  i6g,   170, 

2o3,  209,  262,  264,  269. 
Weston,  David,  370. 
Wetherell,    John   W.,    20,    71, 

loi,  240.  443 
Wheeler,  Miss  Elizabeth,  419. 

Miss  Sarah,  42. 
Whitcomb,  David,  406- 

Lvman,  45. 
Whitney.  Charles  B.,  334- 
Wilder,  Charles  S.,  504. 
Williams,     Hartley,     104,    144. 

335- 

Warren, 
Willis,  Rev.  Mr.,  184. 
Wilson,  Henry,  95- 
Winans,  Ross,  56. 
Wood,  Samuel  F.,  512. 
Wood  &  Light,  173- 
Woodward,  D.  I^L,  93. 

Rufus,  21.  463. 

T.  U.,  342- 
Workman,  Dr.,  129. 


JUL  1975 


